메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 135, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 259-272

Improved prediction of complex diseases by common genetic markers: state of the art and further perspectives

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC DISORDER; GENETIC MARKER; GENETIC RISK; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MEDLINE; METHODOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; GENETICS; GENOTYPING TECHNIQUE; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84958767731     PISSN: 03406717     EISSN: 14321203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1636-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 79957946061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polygenic risk score improves prostate cancer risk prediction: Results from the Stockholm-1 cohort study
    • PID: 21295399
    • Aly M, Wiklund F, Xu J et al (2011) Polygenic risk score improves prostate cancer risk prediction: Results from the Stockholm-1 cohort study. Eur Urol 60:21–28. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.01.017
    • (2011) Eur Urol , vol.60 , pp. 21-28
    • Aly, M.1    Wiklund, F.2    Xu, J.3
  • 2
    • 84861598154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Words of wisdom. Re: Combining 33 genetic variants with prostate-specific antigen for the prediction of prostate cancer: longitudinal study
    • PID: 22640856
    • Ankerst DP, Thompson IM (2012) Words of wisdom. Re: Combining 33 genetic variants with prostate-specific antigen for the prediction of prostate cancer: longitudinal study. Eur Urol 62:180. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.04.010
    • (2012) Eur Urol , vol.62 , pp. 180
    • Ankerst, D.P.1    Thompson, I.M.2
  • 3
    • 84859441040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the PCPT risk calculator in ten international biopsy cohorts: results from the Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group
    • PID: 22210512
    • Ankerst DP, Boeck A, Freedland SJ et al (2012) Evaluating the PCPT risk calculator in ten international biopsy cohorts: results from the Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group. World J Urol 30:181–187. doi:10.1007/s00345-011-0818-5
    • (2012) World J Urol , vol.30 , pp. 181-187
    • Ankerst, D.P.1    Boeck, A.2    Freedland, S.J.3
  • 4
    • 84862529965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems pharmacology, pharmacogenetics, and clinical trial design in network medicine
    • PID: 22581565
    • Antman E, Weiss S, Loscalzo J (2012) Systems pharmacology, pharmacogenetics, and clinical trial design in network medicine. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 4:367–383. doi:10.1002/wsbm.1173
    • (2012) Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med , vol.4 , pp. 367-383
    • Antman, E.1    Weiss, S.2    Loscalzo, J.3
  • 5
    • 56149124681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting diabetes: clinical, biological, and genetic approaches: data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR)
    • PID: 18689695
    • Balkau B, Lange C, Fezeu L et al (2008) Predicting diabetes: clinical, biological, and genetic approaches: data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR). Diabetes Care 31:2056–2061. doi:10.2337/dc08-0368
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 2056-2061
    • Balkau, B.1    Lange, C.2    Fezeu, L.3
  • 6
    • 49549139345 scopus 로고
    • The area above the ordinal dominance graph and the area below the receiver operating characteristic graph
    • Bamber D (1975) The area above the ordinal dominance graph and the area below the receiver operating characteristic graph. J Math Psychol 12:387–415. doi:10.1016/0022-2496(75)90001-2
    • (1975) J Math Psychol , vol.12 , pp. 387-415
    • Bamber, D.1
  • 7
    • 84941012228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Utility of a Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Gene Score in UK Healthy Middle Aged Men and in the Pakistani Population
    • PID: 26133560
    • Beaney KE, Cooper JA, Ullah Shahid S et al (2015) Clinical Utility of a Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Gene Score in UK Healthy Middle Aged Men and in the Pakistani Population. PLoS One 10:e0130754. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130754
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0130754
    • Beaney, K.E.1    Cooper, J.A.2    Ullah Shahid, S.3
  • 8
    • 84874525800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in prediction of coronary heart disease risk over conventional risk factors using SNPs identified in genome-wide association studies
    • PID: 23468967
    • Bolton JL, Stewart MCW, Wilson JF et al (2013) Improvement in prediction of coronary heart disease risk over conventional risk factors using SNPs identified in genome-wide association studies. PLoS One 8:e57310. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057310
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e57310
    • Bolton, J.L.1    Stewart, M.C.W.2    Wilson, J.F.3
  • 9
    • 84864762687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genetic risk score based on direct associations with coronary heart disease improves coronary heart disease risk prediction in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), but not in the Rotterdam and Framingham Offspring, Studies
    • PID: 22789513
    • Brautbar A, Pompeii LA, Dehghan A et al (2012) A genetic risk score based on direct associations with coronary heart disease improves coronary heart disease risk prediction in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), but not in the Rotterdam and Framingham Offspring, Studies. Atherosclerosis 223:421–426. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.035
    • (2012) Atherosclerosis , vol.223 , pp. 421-426
    • Brautbar, A.1    Pompeii, L.A.2    Dehghan, A.3
  • 10
    • 84922838462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting venous thrombosis in women using a combination of genetic markers and clinical risk factors
    • Bruzelius M, Bottai M, Sabater-Lleal M et al (2014) Predicting venous thrombosis in women using a combination of genetic markers and clinical risk factors. J Thromb Haemost 53:219–227. doi:10.1111/jth.12808
    • (2014) J Thromb Haemost , vol.53 , pp. 219-227
    • Bruzelius, M.1    Bottai, M.2    Sabater-Lleal, M.3
  • 11
    • 84895930998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does genotyping of risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms improve patient selection for prostate biopsy when combined with a prostate cancer risk calculator?
    • PID: 24265090
    • Butoescu V, Ambroise J, Stainier A et al (2014) Does genotyping of risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms improve patient selection for prostate biopsy when combined with a prostate cancer risk calculator? Prostate 74:365–371. doi:10.1002/pros.22757
    • (2014) Prostate , vol.74 , pp. 365-371
    • Butoescu, V.1    Ambroise, J.2    Stainier, A.3
  • 12
    • 84881500972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk prediction of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma with common genetic variants and lifestyle factors in Chinese population
    • PID: 23536576
    • Chang J, Huang Y, Wei L et al (2013) Risk prediction of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma with common genetic variants and lifestyle factors in Chinese population. Carcinogenesis 34:1782–1786. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgt106
    • (2013) Carcinogenesis , vol.34 , pp. 1782-1786
    • Chang, J.1    Huang, Y.2    Wei, L.3
  • 13
    • 33847109797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction
    • PID: 17309939
    • Cook NR (2007) Use and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction. Circulation 115:928–935. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.672402
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 928-935
    • Cook, N.R.1
  • 14
    • 78149289047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics and breast cancer risk prediction–are we there yet?
    • PID: 20956781
    • Cook NR, Paynter NP (2010) Genetics and breast cancer risk prediction–are we there yet? J Natl Cancer Inst 102:1605–1606. doi:10.1093/jnci/djq413
    • (2010) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.102 , pp. 1605-1606
    • Cook, N.R.1    Paynter, N.P.2
  • 15
    • 79952228087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of reclassification statistics in comparing risk prediction models
    • PID: 21294152
    • Cook NR, Paynter NP (2011) Performance of reclassification statistics in comparing risk prediction models. Biom J 53:237–258. doi:10.1002/bimj.201000078
    • (2011) Biom J , vol.53 , pp. 237-258
    • Cook, N.R.1    Paynter, N.P.2
  • 16
    • 84862832304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer risk prediction and individualised screening based on common genetic variation and breast density measurement
    • PID: 22314178
    • Darabi H, Czene K, Zhao W et al (2012) Breast cancer risk prediction and individualised screening based on common genetic variation and breast density measurement. Breast Cancer Res 14:R25. doi:10.1186/bcr3110
    • (2012) Breast Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. R25
    • Darabi, H.1    Czene, K.2    Zhao, W.3
  • 17
    • 78649379906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved prediction of cardiovascular disease based on a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genome-wide association studies
    • PID: 20729558
    • Davies RW, Dandona S, Stewart AFR et al (2010) Improved prediction of cardiovascular disease based on a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genome-wide association studies. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 3:468–474. doi:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.110.946269
    • (2010) Circ Cardiovasc Genet , vol.3 , pp. 468-474
    • Davies, R.W.1    Dandona, S.2    Stewart, A.F.R.3
  • 18
    • 84864136537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple SNP testing improves risk prediction of first venous thrombosis
    • PID: 22586183
    • De Haan HG, Bezemer ID, Doggen CJM et al (2012) Multiple SNP testing improves risk prediction of first venous thrombosis. Blood 120:656–663. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-12-397752
    • (2012) Blood , vol.120 , pp. 656-663
    • De Haan, H.G.1    Bezemer, I.D.2    Doggen, C.J.M.3
  • 19
    • 79951715822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk reclassification for type 2 diabetes by age below or above 50 years using 40 type 2 diabetes risk single nucleotide polymorphisms
    • PID: 20889853
    • De Miguel-Yanes JM, Shrader P, Pencina MJ et al (2011) Genetic risk reclassification for type 2 diabetes by age below or above 50 years using 40 type 2 diabetes risk single nucleotide polymorphisms. Diabetes Care 34:121–125. doi:10.2337/dc10-1265
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 121-125
    • De Miguel-Yanes, J.M.1    Shrader, P.2    Pencina, M.J.3
  • 20
    • 84936760155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incremental predictive value of 152 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 10-year risk prediction of incident coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study
    • PID: 25953786
    • De Vries PS, Kavousi M, Ligthart S et al (2015) Incremental predictive value of 152 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 10-year risk prediction of incident coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. Int J Epidemiol 44:682–688. doi:10.1093/ije/dyv070
    • (2015) Int J Epidemiol , vol.44 , pp. 682-688
    • De Vries, P.S.1    Kavousi, M.2    Ligthart, S.3
  • 21
    • 77957102468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personalized medicine: marking a new epoch in cancer patient management
    • PID: 20693306
    • Diamandis M, White NMA, Yousef GM (2010) Personalized medicine: marking a new epoch in cancer patient management. Mol Cancer Res 8:1175–1187. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-10-0264
    • (2010) Mol Cancer Res , vol.8 , pp. 1175-1187
    • Diamandis, M.1    White, N.M.A.2    Yousef, G.M.3
  • 22
    • 84879797807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using SNP genotypes to improve the discrimination of a simple breast cancer risk prediction model
    • PID: 23774992
    • Dite GS, Mahmoodi M, Bickerstaffe A et al (2013) Using SNP genotypes to improve the discrimination of a simple breast cancer risk prediction model. Breast Cancer Res Treat 139:887–896. doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2610-2
    • (2013) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.139 , pp. 887-896
    • Dite, G.S.1    Mahmoodi, M.2    Bickerstaffe, A.3
  • 23
    • 84876007072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power and predictive accuracy of polygenic risk scores
    • PID: 23555274
    • Dudbridge F (2013) Power and predictive accuracy of polygenic risk scores. PLoS Genet 9:e1003348. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003348
    • (2013) PLoS Genet , vol.9 , pp. e1003348
    • Dudbridge, F.1
  • 24
    • 84881257862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel genetic markers improve measures of atrial fibrillation risk prediction
    • PID: 23444395
    • Everett BM, Cook NR, Conen D et al (2013) Novel genetic markers improve measures of atrial fibrillation risk prediction. Eur Heart J 34:2243–2251. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht033
    • (2013) Eur Heart J , vol.34 , pp. 2243-2251
    • Everett, B.M.1    Cook, N.R.2    Conen, D.3
  • 25
    • 84893594813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint effect of multiple common SNPs predicts melanoma susceptibility
    • Fang S, Han J, Zhang M et al (2013) Joint effect of multiple common SNPs predicts melanoma susceptibility. PLoS One 8:1–9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085642
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. 1-9
    • Fang, S.1    Han, J.2    Zhang, M.3
  • 26
    • 84883286898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilocus genetic risk scores for coronary heart disease prediction
    • PID: 23685553
    • Ganna A, Magnusson PKE, Pedersen NL et al (2013) Multilocus genetic risk scores for coronary heart disease prediction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33:2267–2272. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301218
    • (2013) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.33 , pp. 2267-2272
    • Ganna, A.1    Magnusson, P.K.E.2    Pedersen, N.L.3
  • 27
    • 84875701351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci. Nat Genet 45:392–8, 398e1–2
    • Garcia-Closas M, Couch FJ, Lindstrom S, et al (2013) Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci. Nat Genet 45:392–8, 398e1–2. doi: 10.1038/ng.2561
    • (2013) doi: 10.1038/ng.2561
    • Garcia-Closas, M.1    Couch, F.J.2    Lindstrom, S.3
  • 28
    • 79952722217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After GWAS: searching for genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
    • PID: 21285144
    • Gershon ES, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Liu C (2011) After GWAS: searching for genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 168:253–256. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10091340
    • (2011) Am J Psychiatry , vol.168 , pp. 253-256
    • Gershon, E.S.1    Alliey-Rodriguez, N.2    Liu, C.3
  • 29
    • 0035575568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personalized medicine: Revolutionizing drug discovery and patient care
    • PID: 11711191
    • Ginsburg GS, McCarthy JJ (2001) Personalized medicine: Revolutionizing drug discovery and patient care. Trends Biotechnol 19:491–496
    • (2001) Trends Biotechnol , vol.19 , pp. 491-496
    • Ginsburg, G.S.1    McCarthy, J.J.2
  • 30
    • 84893840535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of targeted, capture-based, next generation sequencing tests for precision cancer therapy
    • PID: 24388712
    • Hagemann IS, Cottrell CE, Lockwood CM (2013) Design of targeted, capture-based, next generation sequencing tests for precision cancer therapy. Cancer Genet 206:420–431. doi:10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.11.003
    • (2013) Cancer Genet , vol.206 , pp. 420-431
    • Hagemann, I.S.1    Cottrell, C.E.2    Lockwood, C.M.3
  • 31
    • 84877297227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk prediction for complex diseases: application to Parkinson disease
    • PID: 23222663
    • Hall TO, Wan JY, Mata IF et al (2013) Risk prediction for complex diseases: application to Parkinson disease. Genet Med 15:361–367. doi:10.1038/gim.2012.109
    • (2013) Genet Med , vol.15 , pp. 361-367
    • Hall, T.O.1    Wan, J.Y.2    Mata, I.F.3
  • 32
    • 0020083498 scopus 로고
    • The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve
    • PID: 7063747
    • Hanley JA, McNeil BJ (1982) The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology 143:29–36
    • (1982) Radiology , vol.143 , pp. 29-36
    • Hanley, J.A.1    McNeil, B.J.2
  • 33
    • 84876295479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personalized prostate specific antigen testing using genetic variants may reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies
    • PID: 23246478
    • Helfand BT, Loeb S, Hu Q et al (2013) Personalized prostate specific antigen testing using genetic variants may reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. J Urol 189:1697–1701. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.023
    • (2013) J Urol , vol.189 , pp. 1697-1701
    • Helfand, B.T.1    Loeb, S.2    Hu, Q.3
  • 34
    • 84856292621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic profiling using genome-wide significant coronary artery disease risk variants does not improve the prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, the Bogalusa Heart Study and the Health 2000 Survey—a meta-analysis of three independent studies
    • PID: 22295058
    • Hernesniemi JA, Seppälä I, Lyytikäinen L-P et al (2012) Genetic profiling using genome-wide significant coronary artery disease risk variants does not improve the prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, the Bogalusa Heart Study and the Health 2000 Survey—a meta-analysis of three independent studies. PLoS One 7:e28931. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028931
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e28931
    • Hernesniemi, J.A.1    Seppälä, I.2    Lyytikäinen, L.-P.3
  • 35
    • 14944363300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generating genetic risk scores from intermediate phenotypes for use in association studies of clinically significant endpoints
    • PID: 15720299
    • Horne BD, Anderson JL, Carlquist JF et al (2005) Generating genetic risk scores from intermediate phenotypes for use in association studies of clinically significant endpoints. Ann Hum Genet 69:176–186. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2005.00155.x
    • (2005) Ann Hum Genet , vol.69 , pp. 176-186
    • Horne, B.D.1    Anderson, J.L.2    Carlquist, J.F.3
  • 36
    • 84864335233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic markers enhance coronary risk prediction in men: the MORGAM prospective cohorts
    • PID: 22848412
    • Hughes MF, Saarela O, Stritzke J et al (2012) Genetic markers enhance coronary risk prediction in men: the MORGAM prospective cohorts. PLoS One 7:e40922. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040922
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e40922
    • Hughes, M.F.1    Saarela, O.2    Stritzke, J.3
  • 37
    • 33846032339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate gene genotypes, along with conventional risk factor assessment, improve estimation of coronary heart disease risk in healthy UK men
    • PID: 17130180
    • Humphries SE, Cooper JA, Talmud PJ, Miller GJ (2007) Candidate gene genotypes, along with conventional risk factor assessment, improve estimation of coronary heart disease risk in healthy UK men. Clin Chem 53:8–16. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.074591
    • (2007) Clin Chem , vol.53 , pp. 8-16
    • Humphries, S.E.1    Cooper, J.A.2    Talmud, P.J.3    Miller, G.J.4
  • 38
    • 84893783009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting stroke through genetic risk functions: the CHARGE Risk Score Project
    • PID: 24436238
    • Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Fornage M, Bis JC et al (2014) Predicting stroke through genetic risk functions: the CHARGE Risk Score Project. Stroke 45:403–412. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003044
    • (2014) Stroke , vol.45 , pp. 403-412
    • Ibrahim-Verbaas, C.A.1    Fornage, M.2    Bis, J.C.3
  • 39
    • 70350741238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endophenotypes: bridging genomic complexity and disorder heterogeneity
    • PID: 19900610
    • Insel TR, Cuthbert BN (2009) Endophenotypes: bridging genomic complexity and disorder heterogeneity. Biol Psychiatry 66:988–989. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.008
    • (2009) Biol Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 988-989
    • Insel, T.R.1    Cuthbert, B.N.2
  • 40
    • 84883274125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk scores of common genetic variants for lipid levels influence atherosclerosis and incident coronary heart disease
    • PID: 23766260
    • Isaacs A, Willems SM, Bos D et al (2013) Risk scores of common genetic variants for lipid levels influence atherosclerosis and incident coronary heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33:2233–2239. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301236
    • (2013) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.33 , pp. 2233-2239
    • Isaacs, A.1    Willems, S.M.2    Bos, D.3
  • 41
    • 79961016581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthening the reporting of genetic risk prediction studies: The GRIPS statement
    • PID: 21434891
    • Janssens ACJW, Ioannidis JPA, Van Duijn CM et al (2011) Strengthening the reporting of genetic risk prediction studies: The GRIPS statement. Eur J Clin Invest 41:1004–1009. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02494.x
    • (2011) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.41 , pp. 1004-1009
    • Janssens, A.C.J.W.1    Ioannidis, J.P.A.2    Van Duijn, C.M.3
  • 42
    • 79957941365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining 33 genetic variants with prostate-specific antigen for prediction of prostate cancer: longitudinal study
    • PID: 21328341
    • Johansson M, Holmström B, Hinchliffe SR et al (2012) Combining 33 genetic variants with prostate-specific antigen for prediction of prostate cancer: longitudinal study. Int J Cancer 130:129–137. doi:10.1002/ijc.25986
    • (2012) Int J Cancer , vol.130 , pp. 129-137
    • Johansson, M.1    Holmström, B.2    Hinchliffe, S.R.3
  • 43
    • 84868599480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of adding genetic markers to clinical parameters in predicting prostate biopsy outcomes in men following an initial negative biopsy: Findings from the REDUCE trial
    • PID: 22652152
    • Kader AK, Sun J, Reck BH et al (2012) Potential impact of adding genetic markers to clinical parameters in predicting prostate biopsy outcomes in men following an initial negative biopsy: Findings from the REDUCE trial. Eur Urol 62:953–961. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.05.006
    • (2012) Eur Urol , vol.62 , pp. 953-961
    • Kader, A.K.1    Sun, J.2    Reck, B.H.3
  • 44
    • 40949149395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms associated with cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events
    • PID: 18354102
    • Kathiresan S, Melander O, Anevski D et al (2008) Polymorphisms associated with cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 358:1240–1249
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1240-1249
    • Kathiresan, S.1    Melander, O.2    Anevski, D.3
  • 45
    • 84856380174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of multiple risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms versus prostate-specific antigen at baseline to predict prostate cancer in unscreened men
    • PID: 22101116
    • Klein RJ, Hallden C, Gupta A et al (2012) Evaluation of multiple risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms versus prostate-specific antigen at baseline to predict prostate cancer in unscreened men. Eur Urol 61:471–477. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.10.047
    • (2012) Eur Urol , vol.61 , pp. 471-477
    • Klein, R.J.1    Hallden, C.2    Gupta, A.3
  • 46
    • 77956385510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk prediction using genome-wide association studies
    • PID: 20842684
    • Kooperberg C, LeBlanc M, Obenchain V (2010) Risk prediction using genome-wide association studies. Genet Epidemiol 34:643–652. doi:10.1002/gepi.20509
    • (2010) Genet Epidemiol , vol.34 , pp. 643-652
    • Kooperberg, C.1    LeBlanc, M.2    Obenchain, V.3
  • 47
    • 84866731649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk estimation and risk prediction using machine-learning methods
    • PID: 22752090
    • Kruppa J, Ziegler A, König IR (2012) Risk estimation and risk prediction using machine-learning methods. Hum Genet 131:1639–1654. doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1194-y
    • (2012) Hum Genet , vol.131 , pp. 1639-1654
    • Kruppa, J.1    Ziegler, A.2    König, I.R.3
  • 48
    • 0028090414 scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of complex traits
    • PID: 8091226
    • Lander ES, Schork NJ (1994) Genetic dissection of complex traits. Science 265:2037–2048
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 2037-2048
    • Lander, E.S.1    Schork, N.J.2
  • 49
    • 0020063002 scopus 로고
    • A review of goodness of fit statistics for use in the development of logistic regression models
    • PID: 7055134
    • Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW (1982) A review of goodness of fit statistics for use in the development of logistic regression models. Am J Epidemiol 115:92–106
    • (1982) Am J Epidemiol , vol.115 , pp. 92-106
    • Lemeshow, S.1    Hosmer, D.W.2
  • 50
    • 61449255235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk prediction of prevalent diabetes in a Swiss population using a weighted genetic score—the CoLaus Study
    • PID: 19139842
    • Lin X, Song K, Lim N et al (2009) Risk prediction of prevalent diabetes in a Swiss population using a weighted genetic score—the CoLaus Study. Diabetologia 52:600–608. doi:10.1007/s00125-008-1254-y
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 600-608
    • Lin, X.1    Song, K.2    Lim, N.3
  • 51
    • 84859386051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common genetic variants in prostate cancer risk prediction-results from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)
    • PID: 22237985
    • Lindström S, Schumacher FR, Cox D et al (2012) Common genetic variants in prostate cancer risk prediction-results from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21:437–444. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-1038
    • (2012) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.21 , pp. 437-444
    • Lindström, S.1    Schumacher, F.R.2    Cox, D.3
  • 52
    • 84861348649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the value of a genetic risk score in improving the estimation of coronary risk
    • PID: 22521901
    • Lluis-Ganella C, Subirana I, Lucas G et al (2012) Assessment of the value of a genetic risk score in improving the estimation of coronary risk. Atherosclerosis 222:456–463. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.024
    • (2012) Atherosclerosis , vol.222 , pp. 456-463
    • Lluis-Ganella, C.1    Subirana, I.2    Lucas, G.3
  • 53
    • 55649105963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical risk factors, DNA variants, and the development of type 2 diabetes
    • PID: 19020324
    • Lyssenko V, Jonsson A, Almgren P et al (2008) Clinical risk factors, DNA variants, and the development of type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359:2220–2232. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801869
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 2220-2232
    • Lyssenko, V.1    Jonsson, A.2    Almgren, P.3
  • 54
    • 78149313087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of clinical validity of a breast cancer risk model combining genetic and clinical information
    • PID: 20956782
    • Mealiffe ME, Stokowski RP, Rhees BK et al (2010) Assessment of clinical validity of a breast cancer risk model combining genetic and clinical information. J Natl Cancer Inst 102:1618–1627. doi:10.1093/jnci/djq388
    • (2010) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.102 , pp. 1618-1627
    • Mealiffe, M.E.1    Stokowski, R.P.2    Rhees, B.K.3
  • 55
    • 56749101779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype score in addition to common risk factors for prediction of type 2 diabetes
    • PID: 19020323
    • Meigs JB, Shrader P, Sullivan LM et al (2008) Genotype score in addition to common risk factors for prediction of type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359:2208–2219. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0804742
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 2208-2219
    • Meigs, J.B.1    Shrader, P.2    Sullivan, L.M.3
  • 56
    • 34547555885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of coronary heart disease risk using a genetic risk score: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • PID: 17443022
    • Morrison AC, Bare LA, Chambless LE et al (2007) Prediction of coronary heart disease risk using a genetic risk score: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol 166:28–35. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm060
    • (2007) Am J Epidemiol , vol.166 , pp. 28-35
    • Morrison, A.C.1    Bare, L.A.2    Chambless, L.E.3
  • 57
    • 84877907738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of genetic information for diabetes risk prediction—differences according to sex, age, family history and obesity
    • PID: 23700469
    • Mühlenbruch K, Jeppesen C, Joost H-G et al (2013) The value of genetic information for diabetes risk prediction—differences according to sex, age, family history and obesity. PLoS One 8:e64307. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064307
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e64307
    • Mühlenbruch, K.1    Jeppesen, C.2    Joost, H.-G.3
  • 58
    • 63449085837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of incorporating genetic variants for the early detection of prostate cancer
    • PID: 19223501
    • Nam RK, Zhang WW, Trachtenberg J et al (2009) Utility of incorporating genetic variants for the early detection of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15:1787–1793. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1593
    • (2009) Clin Cancer Res , vol.15 , pp. 1787-1793
    • Nam, R.K.1    Zhang, W.W.2    Trachtenberg, J.3
  • 59
    • 58749087343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease risk prediction with and without knowledge of genetic variation at chromosome 9p21.3
    • PID: 19153409
    • Paynter NP, Chasman DI, Buring JE et al (2009) Cardiovascular disease risk prediction with and without knowledge of genetic variation at chromosome 9p21.3. Ann Intern Med 150:65–72. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00003
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.150 , pp. 65-72
    • Paynter, N.P.1    Chasman, D.I.2    Buring, J.E.3
  • 60
    • 77149120471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between a literature-based genetic risk score and cardiovascular events in women
    • PID: 20159871
    • Paynter NP, Chasman DI, Paré G et al (2010) Association between a literature-based genetic risk score and cardiovascular events in women. JAMA 303:631–637. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.119
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 631-637
    • Paynter, N.P.1    Chasman, D.I.2    Paré, G.3
  • 61
    • 38849091997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: from area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond
    • PID: 17569110, (discussion 207–12)
    • Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB, Vasan RS (2008) Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: from area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond. Stat Med 27:157–172. doi:10.1002/sim.2929(discussion 207–12)
    • (2008) Stat Med , vol.27 , pp. 157-172
    • Pencina, M.J.1    D’Agostino, R.B.2    Vasan, R.S.3
  • 62
    • 78649846236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods for assessment of added usefulness of new biomarkers
    • PID: 20716010
    • Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB, Vasan RS (2010) Statistical methods for assessment of added usefulness of new biomarkers. Clin Chem Lab Med 48:1703–1711. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2010.340
    • (2010) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.48 , pp. 1703-1711
    • Pencina, M.J.1    D’Agostino, R.B.2    Vasan, R.S.3
  • 63
    • 79957789277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems with risk reclassification methods for evaluating prediction models
    • PID: 21555714
    • Pepe MS (2011) Problems with risk reclassification methods for evaluating prediction models. Am J Epidemiol 173:1327–1335. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr013
    • (2011) Am J Epidemiol , vol.173 , pp. 1327-1335
    • Pepe, M.S.1
  • 65
    • 84885310008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards precision medicine: advances in computational approaches for the analysis of human variants
    • PID: 23962656
    • Peterson TA, Doughty E, Kann MG (2013) Towards precision medicine: advances in computational approaches for the analysis of human variants. J Mol Biol 425:4047–4063. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.08.008
    • (2013) J Mol Biol , vol.425 , pp. 4047-4063
    • Peterson, T.A.1    Doughty, E.2    Kann, M.G.3
  • 67
    • 0032146983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Number needed to screen: development of a statistic for disease screening
    • PID: 9685274
    • Rembold CM (1998) Number needed to screen: development of a statistic for disease screening. BMJ 317:307–312. doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7154.307
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 307-312
    • Rembold, C.M.1
  • 68
    • 78049314943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multilocus genetic risk score for coronary heart disease: case-control and prospective cohort analyses
    • PID: 20971364
    • Ripatti S, Tikkanen E, Orho-Melander M et al (2010) A multilocus genetic risk score for coronary heart disease: case-control and prospective cohort analyses. Lancet 376:1393–1400. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61267-6
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 1393-1400
    • Ripatti, S.1    Tikkanen, E.2    Orho-Melander, M.3
  • 69
    • 59849083008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of five genetic variants for predicting prostate cancer risk and mortality
    • PID: 19058137
    • Salinas CA, Koopmeiners JS, Kwon EM et al (2009) Clinical utility of five genetic variants for predicting prostate cancer risk and mortality. Prostate 69:363–372. doi:10.1002/pros.20887
    • (2009) Prostate , vol.69 , pp. 363-372
    • Salinas, C.A.1    Koopmeiners, J.S.2    Kwon, E.M.3
  • 70
    • 70449381518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of multiple metabolic and genetic markers to improve the prediction of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Potsdam Study
    • PID: 19720844
    • Schulze MB, Weikert C, Pischon T et al (2009) Use of multiple metabolic and genetic markers to improve the prediction of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Potsdam Study. Diabetes Care 32:2116–2119. doi:10.2337/dc09-0197
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 2116-2119
    • Schulze, M.B.1    Weikert, C.2    Pischon, T.3
  • 71
    • 84861842176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of established risk prediction models for cardiovascular disease: systematic review
    • PID: 22628003
    • Siontis GCM, Tzoulaki I, Siontis KC, Ioannidis JPA (2012) Comparisons of established risk prediction models for cardiovascular disease: systematic review. BMJ 344:e3318
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. e3318
    • Siontis, G.C.M.1    Tzoulaki, I.2    Siontis, K.C.3    Ioannidis, J.P.A.4
  • 72
    • 73849094087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the performance of prediction models: a framework for traditional and novel measures
    • PID: 20010215
    • Steyerberg EW, Vickers AJ, Cook NR et al (2010) Assessing the performance of prediction models: a framework for traditional and novel measures. Epidemiology 21:128–138. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181c30fb2
    • (2010) Epidemiology , vol.21 , pp. 128-138
    • Steyerberg, E.W.1    Vickers, A.J.2    Cook, N.R.3
  • 73
    • 79951521421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress and promise of genome-wide association studies for human complex trait genetics
    • PID: 21115973
    • Stranger BE, Stahl EA, Raj T (2011) Progress and promise of genome-wide association studies for human complex trait genetics. Genetics 187:367–383. doi:10.1534/genetics.110.120907
    • (2011) Genetics , vol.187 , pp. 367-383
    • Stranger, B.E.1    Stahl, E.A.2    Raj, T.3
  • 74
    • 84922480103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twelve-single nucleotide polymorphism genetic risk score identifies individuals at increased risk for future atrial fibrillation and stroke
    • PID: 25123217
    • Tada H, Shiffman D, Smith JG et al (2014) Twelve-single nucleotide polymorphism genetic risk score identifies individuals at increased risk for future atrial fibrillation and stroke. Stroke 45:2856–2862. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006072
    • (2014) Stroke , vol.45 , pp. 2856-2862
    • Tada, H.1    Shiffman, D.2    Smith, J.G.3
  • 75
    • 76249109928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of genetic and non-genetic risk factors in prediction of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study
    • PID: 20075150
    • Talmud PJ, Hingorani AD, Cooper JA et al (2010) Utility of genetic and non-genetic risk factors in prediction of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study. BMJ 340:b4838
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340 , pp. b4838
    • Talmud, P.J.1    Hingorani, A.D.2    Cooper, J.A.3
  • 76
    • 84893383302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of net reclassification improvement (NRI) method confirms the utility of combined genetic risk score to predict type 2 diabetes
    • Tam CHT, Ho JSK, Wang Y et al (2013) Use of net reclassification improvement (NRI) method confirms the utility of combined genetic risk score to predict type 2 diabetes. PLoS One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083093
    • (2013) PLoS One
    • Tam, C.H.T.1    Ho, J.S.K.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 77
    • 78650082348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic cardiovascular risk prediction: will we get there?
    • PID: 21147729
    • Thanassoulis G, Vasan RS (2010) Genetic cardiovascular risk prediction: will we get there? Circulation 122:2323–2334. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.909309
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.122 , pp. 2323-2334
    • Thanassoulis, G.1    Vasan, R.S.2
  • 78
    • 84883302693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk prediction and a 2-stage risk screening strategy for coronary heart disease
    • PID: 23599444
    • Tikkanen E, Havulinna AS, Palotie A et al (2013) Genetic risk prediction and a 2-stage risk screening strategy for coronary heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33:2261–2266. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.301120
    • (2013) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.33 , pp. 2261-2266
    • Tikkanen, E.1    Havulinna, A.S.2    Palotie, A.3
  • 79
    • 72249113124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of claims of improved prediction beyond the Framingham risk score
    • PID: 19952321
    • Tzoulaki I, Liberopoulos G, Ioannidis JPA (2009) Assessment of claims of improved prediction beyond the Framingham risk score. JAMA 302:2345–2352. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1757
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , pp. 2345-2352
    • Tzoulaki, I.1    Liberopoulos, G.2    Ioannidis, J.P.A.3
  • 80
    • 84928426730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contributions of breast density and common genetic variation to breast cancer risk
    • PID: 25745020
    • Vachon CM, Pankratz VS, Scott CG et al (2015) The contributions of breast density and common genetic variation to breast cancer risk. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 107:dju397. doi:10.1093/jnci/dju397
    • (2015) JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.107 , pp. dju397
    • Vachon, C.M.1    Pankratz, V.S.2    Scott, C.G.3
  • 81
    • 58149333712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting type 2 diabetes based on polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies: a population-based study
    • PID: 18694974
    • Van Hoek M, Dehghan A, Witteman JCM et al (2008) Predicting type 2 diabetes based on polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies: a population-based study. Diabetes 57:3122–3128. doi:10.2337/db08-0425
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 3122-3128
    • Van Hoek, M.1    Dehghan, A.2    Witteman, J.C.M.3
  • 82
    • 84859582458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is genetic testing useful to predict type 2 diabetes?
    • PID: 22498248
    • Vassy JL, Meigs JB (2012) Is genetic testing useful to predict type 2 diabetes? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 26:189–201. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2011.09.002
    • (2012) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.26 , pp. 189-201
    • Vassy, J.L.1    Meigs, J.B.2
  • 83
    • 84868618682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype prediction of adult type 2 diabetes from adolescence in a multiracial population
    • PID: 23071215
    • Vassy JL, Dasmahapatra P, Meigs JB et al (2012a) Genotype prediction of adult type 2 diabetes from adolescence in a multiracial population. Pediatrics 130:e1235–e1242. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1132
    • (2012) Pediatrics , vol.130 , pp. e1235-e1242
    • Vassy, J.L.1    Dasmahapatra, P.2    Meigs, J.B.3
  • 84
    • 84866090790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genotype risk score predicts type 2 diabetes from young adulthood: the CARDIA study
    • PID: 22782289
    • Vassy JL, Durant NH, Kabagambe EK et al (2012b) A genotype risk score predicts type 2 diabetes from young adulthood: the CARDIA study. Diabetologia 55:2604–2612. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2637-7
    • (2012) Diabetologia , vol.55 , pp. 2604-2612
    • Vassy, J.L.1    Durant, N.H.2    Kabagambe, E.K.3
  • 85
    • 84901380958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polygenic type 2 diabetes prediction at the limit of common variant detection
    • PID: 24520119
    • Vassy JL, Hivert M-F, Porneala B et al (2014) Polygenic type 2 diabetes prediction at the limit of common variant detection. Diabetes 63:2172–2182. doi:10.2337/db13-1663
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , pp. 2172-2182
    • Vassy, J.L.1    Hivert, M.-F.2    Porneala, B.3
  • 86
    • 77949578084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of common genetic variants in breast-cancer risk models
    • PID: 20237344
    • Wacholder S, Hartge P, Prentice R et al (2010) Performance of common genetic variants in breast-cancer risk models. N Engl J Med 362:986–993. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0907727.Performance
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 986-993
    • Wacholder, S.1    Hartge, P.2    Prentice, R.3
  • 87
    • 84906708242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite traits and genetic risk provide complementary information for the prediction of future type 2 diabetes
    • PID: 24947790
    • Walford GA, Porneala BC, Dauriz M et al (2014) Metabolite traits and genetic risk provide complementary information for the prediction of future type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37:2508–2514. doi:10.2337/dc14-0560
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 2508-2514
    • Walford, G.A.1    Porneala, B.C.2    Dauriz, M.3
  • 88
    • 79951587253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the role of circulating, genetic, and imaging biomarkers in cardiovascular risk prediction
    • PID: 21300963
    • Wang TJ (2011) Assessing the role of circulating, genetic, and imaging biomarkers in cardiovascular risk prediction. Circulation 123:551–565. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.912568
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 551-565
    • Wang, T.J.1
  • 89
    • 77955345183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of undiagnosed type 2 diabetic individuals by the finnish diabetes risk score and biochemical and genetic markers: a population-based study of 7232 Finnish men
    • PID: 20463095
    • Wang J, Stancáková A, Kuusisto J, Laakso M (2010) Identification of undiagnosed type 2 diabetic individuals by the finnish diabetes risk score and biochemical and genetic markers: a population-based study of 7232 Finnish men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:3858–3862. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0012
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 3858-3862
    • Wang, J.1    Stancáková, A.2    Kuusisto, J.3    Laakso, M.4
  • 90
    • 4444382796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study
    • PID: 15364185
    • Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S et al (2004) Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 364:937–952. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 937-952
    • Yusuf, S.1    Hawken, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3
  • 91
    • 40049098166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative association of five genetic variants with prostate cancer
    • PID: 18199855
    • Zheng SL, Sun J, Wiklund F et al (2008) Cumulative association of five genetic variants with prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 358:910–919. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa075819
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 910-919
    • Zheng, S.L.1    Sun, J.2    Wiklund, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.