Co-designing a civics curriculum: young people, democratic deficit and political renewal in the EU

Journal of Curriculum Studies

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 271-289

  Bessant, Judith ^a   Farthing, Rys ^b   Watts, Rob ^a  

^a RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

co design; democratic curriculum; new media; youth politics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84957851849     PISSN: 00220272     EISSN: 13665839     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00220272.2015.1018329     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. E.Amna,, & E.Joakim, (2014). Standby citizens: Diverse faces of political passivity. European Political Science Review, 6(2), 261–281.
2. A.Arvanitakis,, & S.Marren, (2009). Putting the politics back into Politics: Young people and democracy in Australia: Discussion paper. Sydney: Whitlam Institute/University of Western Sydney.
3. C.Bacchi, (2009). Policy analysis: What is the problem represented to be? Melbourne: Pearson-Longman.
4. M.Bakardjieva, (2005). Internet society: The Internet in everyday life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5. M.Bakardjieva, (2009). Subactivism: Lifeworld and politics in the age of the internet. The Information Society, 25, 91–104.10.1080/01972240802701627
6. H.Bang, (2005). Among everyday makers and expert citizens. In J.Newman (Ed.), Remaking governance: Peoples, politics and the public sphere (pp. 159–179). Bristol: Policy Press.
7. H.Bang, (2009). ‘Yes we can’: Identity politics and project politics for a late-modern world. Retrieved from http://www.uvm.edu/~dguber/POLS293/articles/bang.pdf
8. J.Bell,, A.Vromen,, & P.Collin, (2008). Rewriting the rules for youth participation. Report to the National Youth Affairs Research Scheme (NYARS). Sydney.
9. J.Benedicto, (2012). The political cultures of young people: An uncertain and unstable combinatorial logic. Journal of Youth Studies, 16, 712–729.
10. S.Benhabib, (1992). Situating the self. New York, NY: Routledge.
11. W.L.Bennett, W. Lance.(2008). Changing citizenship in the digital age. Civic life online: Learning how digital media can engage youth. In W.Lance Bennett, D.John, & T.Catherine (Eds.), MacArthur foundation series on digital learning (pp. 1–24). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
12. J.Bessant, (2014a). A dangerous idea? Freedom, children and the capability approach to education. Critical Studies in Education, 55, 138–153.10.1080/17508487.2014.873368
13. J.Bessant, (2014b). Democracy bytes. London: Macmillan Palgrave.10.1057/9781137308269
14. J.Bessant,, & R.Watts, (2014). ‘Cruel Optimism’: A southern theory perspective on the European Union’s youth strategy, 2008–2012. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth: Youth Policy in Austerity Europe, 1–16: 138–153.
15. G.Biesta, (2012a). Giving teaching back to education. Phenomenology and Practice, 6, 35–49.
16. G.Biesta, (2012b). Becoming public: Public pedagogy, citizenship and the public sphere. Social and Cultural Geography, 13, 683–697.10.1080/14649365.2012.723736
17. G.Biesta, (2012c). Doing emancipation differently: Transgression, equality and the politics of learning. Civitas Educationis Education, Politics and Culture, 1, 15–30.
18. G.Biesta, (2013). Interrupting the politics of learning. Power and Education, 5, 4–15.10.2304/power
19. M.J.Boyd,, J.F.Zaff,, E.Phelps,, M.B.Weiner,, & R.M.Lerner, (2011). The relationship between adolescents’ news media use and civic engagement: The indirect effect of interpersonal communication with parents. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 1167–1179.10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.07.004
20. E.Bruehl-Young, (2012). Childism: Confronting prejudice against children. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
21. M.Castells, (2008). The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks and global governance. The Annals of the American Academy, 616 March, 78–93.
22. Council of Europe. (1998). Education for citizenship, ‘The Basic Concepts and Core Competences’. Strasbourg: Council for Cultural Co-operation, Council of Europe, DECS/CIT (98) 7 def.
23. Council of Europe. (1999). Declaration and programme on education for democratic citizenship based on the rights and responsibilities of citizens. Strasbourg: Author.
24. Council of Europe, Council for Cultural Co-operation. (1963). Civics and European education at the primary and secondary level. Strasbourg: Council for Cultural Co-operation.
25. P.Dahlgren, (2009). Media and political engagement: Citizens, communication, and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. P.Dahlgren, (2013). The political web. London: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9781137326386
27. J.Dewey, (1927). The public and its problems. In J.Dewey (Ed.), The later works (pp. 1926–1953). Lincoln, NE: Southern Illinois University Press.
28. J.Dewey, (1933). How we think: A restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process. Boston, MA: Heath.
29. J.Dewey, (1938). Experience and education. Toronto: Collier-MacMillan Canada Ltd.
30. J.Diesing, (2013). Occupy: A unifying political acting body. In M.Lakitsch (Ed.), Political power reconsidered, Peace Report, 2013 (pp. 141–160). Zurich: Austrian Study Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution.
31. J.Ekman,, & E.Amnå, (2012). Political participation and civic engagement: Towards a new typology. Human Affairs, 22, 283–300.
32. R.Farthing, (2010). The politics of youthful antipolitics: Representing the ‘issue’ of youth participation in politics. Journal of Youth Studies, 13, 181–195.10.1080/13676260903233696
33. M.Festenstein, (1997). Pragmatism and political theory: From Dewey to Rorty. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
34. J.Finnis, (1980). Natural law and natural rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
35. L.Flanagan,, C.Sherrod,, & J.Torney-Purta, (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of research on civic engagement in youth. Hoboken: Wiley.
36. B.Flyvbjerg, (2001). Making social science matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511810503
37. A.Furlong,, & F.Cartmel, (2012). Social change and political engagement among young people: Generation and the 2009/2010 British election survey. Parliamentary Affairs, 65, 13–28.10.1093/pa/gsr045
38. W.Galston, (2007). Civic knowledge, civic education, and civic engagement: A summary of recent research. International Journal of Public Administration, 30, 623–642.
39. H.A.Giroux, (1989). Schooling for democracy: Critical pedagogy in the modern age. London: Routledge.
40. H.Giroux, (2011). Education and the public sphere: Ideas of radical pedagogy. (with Lech Witkowski). Cracow: Impuls.
41. H.Giroux,, & P.McLaren, (Eds.). (1986). Critical pedagogy, the state and cultural struggle. Albany: State University of New York Press.
42. E.Gould, (2003). The University in a corporate culture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
43. D.Graeber, (2013). The democracy project: A history a crisis, a movement. New York, NY: Spiegel and Grau.
44. M.Guha,, S.Druin,., J.Fails,, S.Simms,, & A.Farber,, 2004, Mixing ideas: A new technique for working with Young Children as design partners. Proceedings from ICD Conference, Maryland.
45. A.Guttman, (1999). Democratic education. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
46. J.Habermas, (1996). Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
47. H.Haste, (2010). Citizenship education; a critical look at a contested field. In L.Sherrod, C.Flanagan, & J.TorneyPurta (Eds.), Handbook of research on civic engagement in youth (pp. 161–192). New York, NY: Wiley.
48. C.Hay,, & G.Stoker, (2009). Revitalising politics: Have we lost the plot? Representation, 45, 225–236.10.1080/00344890903129681
49. S.B.Heath,, & M.McLaughlin, (1994). Learning for anything everyday. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 26, 471–489.10.1080/0022027940260501
50. A.Heeraman, (2012). How can we improve democracy in Trinidad and Tobago? (PhD Thesis). Swiss Management Center University, Pickering.
51. M.Henn,, & N.Foard, (2014). Social differentiation in young people’s political participation: The impact of social and educational factors on youth political engagement in Britain. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(3), 360–380.
52. M.Henn,, M.Weinstein,, & D.Wring, (2002). A generation apart? Youth and political participation in Britain. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 4, 167–192.10.1111/bjpi.2002.4.issue-2
53. E.Howker,, & S.Malik, (2013). Jilted generation. How Britain has bankrupted its youth. London: Icon Books.
54. ILO. (2012). Global employment trends for Youth 2012. Geneva: Author.
55. N.Jung,, Y.Kim,, & H.G.de Zúñiga, (2011). The mediating role of knowledge and efficacy in the effects of communication on political participation. Mass Communication and Society, 14, 407–430.10.1080/15205436.2010.496135
56. J.Kahne,, N.J.Lee,, & J.T.Feezell, (2012). The civic and political significance of online participatory cultures and youth transitioning to adulthood. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 13, 114–129.
57. J.Kahne,, E.Middaugh,, & D.Allen, (2014). Youth, new media and the rise of participatory politics (Working Paper No. 1). Youth and Participatory Politics Research Network. Retrieved from http://www.civicsurvey.org/sites/default/files/publications/YPP_WorkinPapers_Paper01.pdf
58. E.Katterfeld,, A.Zeising,, & H.Schellhowe, (2012). Designing digital media for teenaged apprentices: A participatory approach. Proceedings from ICD Conference, Bremen (pp. 196–199).
59. A.Keating,, D.Ortloff,, & S.Philippou, (2009). Citizenship education curricula: The changes and challenges presented by global and European integration. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 41, 145–158.10.1080/00220270802485063
60. I.Kennedy, (2010). Getting it right for children and young people: Overcoming cultural barriers in the NHS so as to meet their needs. London: Department of Health.
61. J.Kennelly, (2011). Citizen youth. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.10.1057/9780230119611
62. J.Kennelly, (2014). ‘It’s this pain in my heart that won’t let me stop’: Gendered affect, webs of relations, and young women’s activism. Feminist Theory, 15, 241–260.10.1177/1464700114544611
63. R.H.Kimberlee, (2002). Why don’t British young people vote at general elections? Journal of Youth Studies, 5, 85–98.10.1080/13676260120111788
64. B.Kisby,, & J.Sloam, (2012). Citizenship, democracy and education in the UK: Towards a common framework for citizenship lessons in the four home nations. Parliamentary Affairs, 65, 68–89.10.1093/pa/gsr047
65. N.Kliger-Vilenchik,, & S.Shresthova,. (2012). Learning through practice: Participatory culture civics. (A case study report working paper). Media, Activism and Participatory Politics Project & Civic Paths. Los Angeles, CA: Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism University of Southern California.
66. N.Kligler-Vilenchik, (2013). ‘Decreasing World Suck’: Fan communities, mechanisms of translation and participatory politics (Working Papers). Los Angeles, CA: Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, USC.
67. M.Lakitsch,, Reconsidering political power in times of social unrest. (2013). In M.Lakitsch (Ed.), Political power reconsidered (Peace Report, 2013, pp. 9–18). Zurich: Austrian Study Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution.
68. D.Lange, (2008). Citizenship education in Germany. In V.Georgi (Ed.), The making of citizens in Europe (pp. 89–95). Berlin: Federal Agency of Civic Education.
69. D.Lenihan,, & L.Briggs, (2011, January–March). Co-design: Toward a new service vision for Australia. Public Administration Today, 35–47. Canberra.
70. R.Lister, (2003). Investing in the citizen-workers of the future: Transformations in citizenship and the state under new labour. Social Policy and Administration, 37, 427–443.10.1111/1467-9515.00350
71. S.Livingstone, (Ed.). (2008) Digital literacies: Tracing the implications of learners and learning (The third report from the ESRC Seminar series, “The educational and social impact of new technologies on young people in Britain”). Oxford: LSE/University of Oxford.
72. S.Livingstone,, P.Lunt,, & L.Miller, (2007). Citizens, consumers and the citizen-consumer: Articulating the interests stake in media and communications regulation. Discourse and Communication, 1, 85–111.
73. N.Manning, (2009). Young people and politics: Apathetic and disengaged? A qualitative inquiry. Koln: Lambert Academic Publishing.
74. N.Manning,, & K.Edwards, (2013). Does civic education for young people increase political participation? A systematic review. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00131911.2013.763767#tabModule
75. D.Marsh,, T.O’Toole,, & S.Jones, (2007). Young people and politics in the UK: Apathy or alienation. Hampshire: Palgrave.
76. A.Marshall, (2011). At the intersection of cyberspace and democracy: The internet as a digital public sphere (Unpublished Thesis). Kalamazoo College, Michigan.
77. B.McCaffrie,, & D.Marsh, (2013). Beyond mainstream approaches to political participation: A response to Aaron Martin. Australian Journal of Political Science, 48, 112–117.10.1080/10361146.2012.759903
78. C.Mouffe, (2005). On the political, thinking in action. New York, NY: Routledge.
79. C.Naval,, M.Print,, & R.Veldhuis, (2002). Education for democratic citizenship in the new Europe: Context and reform. European Journal of Education, 37, 107–128.10.1111/ejed.2002.37.issue-2
80. P.Norris, (2003). Young people and political activism: From the politics of loyalties to the politics of choice? Paper presented: Council of Europe Symposium, Young People and Democratic Institutions: From Disillusionment to Participation, Strasbourg.
81. M.Nussbaum, (2013). Creating capabilities: The human development approach. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
82. K.Ólafsson,, S.Livingstone,, & L.Haddon, (2013). Children’s use of online technologies in Europe: A review of the European evidence base. London: LSE, EU Kids Online.
83. I.Ortiz,, & M.Cummins, (2012). When the global crisis and youth bulge collide: Double the jobs trouble for youth. Geneva: UNICEF.
84. A.Osler,, & H.Starkey, (2006). Education for democratic citizenship: A review of research, policy and practice 1995–2005. Research Papers in Education, 21, 433–466.10.1080/02671520600942438
85. A.Pearl,, & T.Knight, (2000). Democratic education and critical pedagogy. The Urban Review, 32, 197–226.
86. P.Pettit, (1997). Republicanism: A theory of freedom and government. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
87. P.Pettit, (1998). Republican freedom and contestatory democratization. In I.Shapiro & C.Hacker-Cordon (Eds.), Democracy's value (pp. 163–190). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
88. P.Pettit, (1999). Republican freedom and contestatory democratization. In I.Shapiro & C.Hacker-Cordon (Eds.), Democracy’s value (pp. 163–190). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
89. P.Pettit, (2012). Legitimacy and justice in republican perspective, inaugural Quain lecture in jurisprudence, 2012, in. Current Legal Problems, 65, 59–82.
90. R.Posner, (2010). The Crisis of capitalist democracy. In D.Porter (Ed.), Internetculture (pp. 201–208). London: Routledge.
91. M.Print,, L.Saha,, & K.Edwards, (2004). Youth electoral study—Report 1: Enrolment and voting. Sydney: Australian Electoral Commission.
92. J.Radinsky,, L.Bouillion,, E.Lento,, & L.Gomez, (2001). Mutual benefit partnership: A curricular design for authenticity. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 33, 405–430.10.1080/00220270118862
93. T.Rudd,, F.Colligan,, & R.Naik, (2006). Learner voice. Bristol: Futurelab.
94. J.Saklofske, (2011). Inb4 404: Using 4chan.org to challenge the Stasis Quo Illusion of media stability. Wolfville: Paper for MiT7 Unstable Platforms Conference, May.
95. V.Schneider, (2013). Democracy and legitimacy in the European Union Revisited: Input, output and ‘Throughput’. Political Studies, 61, 2–22.
96. W.Schulz,, J.Fraillon,, & J.Ainley, (2013). Measuring young people’s understanding of civics and citizenship in a cross-national study. Educational Psychology, 33, 334–356.10.1080/01443410.2013.772776
97. K.Sharpe,, & B.Schwartz, (2009). Practical wisdom. New York, NY: Penguin.
98. H.Sustar,, S.Bowen,, A.Dearden,, M.Fisher,, & D.Wolstenholme, (2013). Using popular culture to enable health service codesign with young people. In Crafting the Future. Paper presented at European Academy of Design Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden 17–19 April 2013. Available online at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/6688/
99. J.Taylor, (Ed.). (2005). Personal autonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511614194
100. J.Tonge,, A.Mycock,, & B.Jeffery, (2012). Does citizenship education make young people better-engaged citizens? Political Studies, 60, 578–602.10.1111/post.2012.60.issue-3
101. J.Torney-Purta, (2002). The school’s role in developing civic engagement: A study of adolescents in twenty-eight countries. Applied Developmental Science, 6, 203–212.10.1207/S1532480XADS0604_7
102. C.Truman,, & P.Raine, (2002). Experience and meaning of user involvement: Some explorations from a community mental health project. Health and Social Care in the Community, 10, 136–143.10.1046/j.1365-2524.2002.00351.x
103. P.C.Underwood, (2009). New directions in networked activism and online social movement mobilization: The case of anonymous and project chanology (Unpublished thesis). Ohio University, Ohio.
104. R.M.Unger, (1987). Politics: A work in constructive social theory (Vols. 3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
105. R.M.Unger, (1998). Democracy realized: The progressive alternative. London: Verso.
106. R.M.Unger, (2007). The self awakened: Pragmatism unbound. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
107. L.Vesnic-Alujevic, (2012). Political participation and web 2.0 in Europe: A case study of Facebook. Public Relations Review, 38, 466–470.10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.01.010
108. M.Wattenberg, (2007). Is voting for young people? New York, NY: Pearson-Longman.
109. M.Westling, (2007). Expanding the public sphere: The impact of facebook on political communication. Madison: University of Wisconsin.
110. H.Wintersberger,, L.Alanen,, T.Olk,, & J.Qvortup, (2007). Introduction. In H.Wintersberger, L.Alanen, T.Olk, & J.Qvortup (Eds.), Childhood, generational order and the welfare state: Exploring children’s social and economic welfare (pp. 9–26). Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark.
111. J.Youniss, (2011). Civic education: What schools can do to encourage civic identity and action. Applied Developmental Science, 15, 98–103.10.1080/10888691.2011.560814
112. J.Zaller, (1992). The nature and origins of mass opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511818691
113. C.Zanoni, (2010). Making sense of 4chan.Org: Community, identity and culture goes online (Unpublished B.Soc Sc Honours thesis). RMIT University, Melbourne.
114. E.Zuckerman,, H.Roberts,, R.McGrady,, J.York,, & J.Palfrey, (2010). Report on distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks’, Berkman Centre Research Publication No. 2010-16. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. December.