TLR2 and TLR4 mediated host immune responses in major infectious diseases: A review

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 193-204

  Mukherjee, Suprabhat ^a   Karmakar, Subhajit ^a   Babu, Santi Prasad Sinha ^a  

^a VISVA BHARATI UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Filariasis; Malaria; Toll like receptor (TLR); Trypanosomiasis

Indexed keywords

GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 6; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; FILARIASIS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOBIOLOGY; INNATE IMMUNITY; LEISHMANIASIS; MALARIA; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; SHORT SURVEY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL; TRYPANOSOMIASIS; TUBERCULOSIS; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNOLOGY;

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, HUMORAL; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

EID: 84955615999     PISSN: 14138670     EISSN: 16784391     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.10.011     Document Type: Short Survey

References (77)

1. Kawai T., Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity 2011, 34:637-650.
2. Zeytun A., Chaudhary A., Pardington P., Cary R., Gupta G. Induction of cytokines and chemokines by Toll-like receptor signaling strategies for control of inflammation. Crit Rev Immunol 2010, 30:53-67.
3. Botos I., Segal D.M., Davies D.R. The structural biology of Toll-like receptors. Structure 2011, 19:447-459.
4. Valanne S., Wang J.H., Ramet M. The Drosophila Toll signaling pathway. J Immunol 2011, 186:649-656.
5. Ganesan S., Aggarwal K., Paquette N., Silverman N. NF-kappaB/Rel proteins and the humoral immune responses of Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011, 349:25-60.
6. Janeway C.A., Medzhitov R. Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol 2002, 20:197-216.
7. Maeshima N., Fernandez R.C. Recognition of lipid A variants by the TLR4-MD-2 receptor complex. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013, 3:3.
8. Kimbrell D.A., Beutler B. The evolution and genetics of innate immunity. Nat Rev Genet 2001, 2:256-267.
9. Park B.S., Lee J.O. Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes. Exp Mol Med 2013, 45:e66.
10. Aderem A., Ulevitch R.J. Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature 2000, 406:782-787.
11. Schreiner J., Kretschmer D., Klenk J., et al. Staphylococcus aureus phenol-soluble modulin peptides modulate dendritic cell functions and increase in vitro priming of regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2013, 190:3417-3426.
12. Opitz B., Schroder N.W., Spreitzer I., et al. Toll-like receptor-2 mediates Treponema glycolipid and lipoteichoic acid-induced NF-kappaB translocation. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:22041-22047.
13. Brattig N.W., Bazzocchi C., Kirschning C.J., et al. The major surface protein of Wolbachia endosymbionts in filarial nematodes elicits immune responses through TLR2 and TLR4. J Immunol 2004, 173:437-445.
14. Bulut Y., Faure E., Thomas L., Equils O., Arditi M. Cooperation of Toll-like receptor 2 and 6 for cellular activation by soluble tuberculosis factor and Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoprotein role of Toll-interacting protein and IL-1 receptor signaling molecules in Toll-like receptor 2 signaling. J Immunol 2001, 167:987-994.
15. Cabral E.S., Gelderblom H., Hornung R.L., Munson P.J., Martin R., Marques A.R. Borrelia burgdorferi lipoprotein-mediated TLR2 stimulation causes the down-regulation of TLR5 in human monocytes. J Infect Dis 2006, 193:849-859.
16. Strunk T., Power Coombs M.R., Currie A.J., et al. TLR2 mediates recognition of live Staphylococcus epidermidis and clearance of bacteremia. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:e10111.
17. Pennini M.E., Pai R.K., Schultz D.C., Boom W.H., Harding C.V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-kDa lipoprotein inhibits IFN-gamma-induced chromatin remodeling of MHC2TA by TLR2 and MAPK signaling. J Immunol 2006, 176:4323-4330.
18. McIsaac S.M., Stadnyk A.W., Lin T.J. Toll-like receptors in the host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection and cystic fibrosis. J Leukoc Biol 2012, 92:977-985.
19. Revets H., Pynaert G., Grooten J., De Baetselier P. Lipoprotein I, a TLR2/4 ligand modulates Th2-driven allergic immune responses. J Immunol 2005, 174:1097-1103.
20. Hahm B., Cho J.H., Oldstone M.B. Measles virus-dendritic cell interaction via SLAM inhibits innate immunity selective signaling through TLR4 but not other TLRs mediates suppression of IL-12 synthesis. Virology 2007, 358:251-257.
21. Sorensen L.N., Reinert L.S., Malmgaard L., Bartholdy C., Thomsen A.R., Paludan S.R. TLR2 and TLR9 synergistically control herpes simplex virus infection in the brain. J Immunol 2008, 181:8604-8612.
22. Uematsu S., Akira S. Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) and their ligands. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008, 1-20.
23. Tada H., Nemoto E., Shimauchi H., et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae- and Candida albicans-derived mannan induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by human monocytes in a CD14- and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. Microbiol Immunol 2002, 46:503-512.
24. Jouault T., Ibata-Ombetta S., Takeuchi O., et al. Candida albicans phospholipomannan is sensed through toll-like receptors. J Infect Dis 2003, 188:165-172.
25. Monari C., Pericolini E., Bistoni G., Casadevall A., Kozel T.R., Vecchiarelli A. Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan induces expression of fas ligand in macrophages. J Immunol 2005, 174:3461-3468.
26. Chai L.Y., Kullberg B.J., Vonk A.G., et al. Modulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 responses by Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect Immun 2009, 77:2184-2192.
27. Aoki M.P., Carrera-Silva E.A., Cuervo H., Fresno M., Girones N., Gea S. Nonimmune cells contribute to crosstalk between immune cells and inflammatory mediators in the innate response to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Parasitol Res 2012, 2012:737324.
28. Coelho P.S., Klein A., Talvani A., et al. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes induce in vivo leukocyte recruitment dependent on MCP-1 production by IFN-gamma-primed-macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2002, 71:837-844.
29. Gowda D.C. TLR-mediated cell signaling by malaria GPIs. Trends Parasitol 2007, 23:596-604.
30. Flandin J.F., Chano F., Descoteaux A. RNA interference reveals a role for TLR2 and TLR3 in the recognition of Leishmania donovani promastigotes by interferon-gamma-primed macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2006, 36:411-420.
31. Faria M.S., Calegari-Silva T.C., de Carvalho Vivarini A., Mottram J.C., Lopes U.G., Lima A.P. Role of protein kinase R in the killing of Leishmania major by macrophages in response to neutrophil elastase and TLR4 via TNFalpha and IFNbeta. FASEB J 2014, 28:3050-3063.
32. Abu-Dayyeh I., Shio M.T., Sato S., Akira S., Cousineau B., Olivier M. Leishmania-induced IRAK-1 inactivation is mediated by SHP-1 interacting with an evolutionarily conserved KTIM motif. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008, 2:e305.
33. Abu-Dayyeh I., Hassani K., Westra E.R., Mottram J.C., Olivier M. Comparative study of the ability of Leishmania mexicana promastigotes and amastigotes to alter macrophage signaling and functions. Infect Immun 2010, 78:2438-2445.
34. Wong-Baeza I., Alcantara-Hernandez M., Mancilla-Herrera I., et al. The role of lipopeptidophosphoglycan in the immune response to Entamoeba histolytica. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010, 2010:254521.
35. Diaz A., Allen J.E. Mapping immune response profiles the emerging scenario from helminth immunology. Eur J Immunol 2007, 37:3319-3326.
36. Goodridge H.S., Marshall F.A., Else K.J., et al. Immunomodulation via novel use of TLR4 by the filarial nematode phosphorylcholine-containing secreted product, ES-62. J Immunol 2005, 174:284-293.
37. van Riet E., Everts B., Retra K., et al. Combined TLR2 and TLR4 ligation in the context of bacterial or helminth extracts in human monocyte derived dendritic cells molecular correlates for Th1/Th2 polarization. BMC Immunol 2009, 10:9.
38. van der Kleij D., Latz E., Brouwers J.F., et al. A novel host-parasite lipid cross-talk. Schistosomal lyso-phosphatidylserine activates toll-like receptor 2 and affects immune polarization. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:48122-48129.
39. Wang X., Zhou S., Chi Y., et al. CD4+CD25+ Treg induction by an HSP60-derived peptide SJMHE1 from Schistosoma japonicum is TLR2 dependent. Eur J Immunol 2009, 39:3052-3065.
40. Terrazas C.A., Gomez-Garcia L., Terrazas L.I. Impaired pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increased Th2-biasing ability of dendritic cells exposed to Taenia excreted/secreted antigens: a critical role for carbohydrates but not for STAT6 signaling. Int J Parasitol 2010, 40:1051-1062.
41. Johnston M.J., MacDonald J.A., McKay D.M. Parasitic helminths a pharmacopeia of anti-inflammatory molecules. Parasitology 2009, 136:125-147.
42. Oliveira-Nascimento L., Massari P., Wetzler L.M. The role of TLR2 in infection and immunity. Front Immunol 2012, 3:79.
43. Brandt K.J., Fickentscher C., Kruithof E.K., de Moerloose P. TLR2 ligands induce NF-kappaB activation from endosomal compartments of human monocytes. PLoS ONE 2013, 8:e80743.
44. O'Mahony D.S., Pham U., Iyer R., Hawn T.R., Liles W.C. Differential constitutive and cytokine-modulated expression of human Toll-like receptors in primary neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. Int J Med Sci 2008, 5:1-8.
45. Blasius A.L., Beutler B. Intracellular toll-like receptors. Immunity 2010, 32:305-315.
46. Muzio M., Bosisio D., Polentarutti N., et al. Differential expression and regulation of toll-like receptors (TLR) in human leukocytes selective expression of TLR3 in dendritic cells. J Immunol 2000, 164:5998-6004.
47. Oeckinghaus A., Hayden M.S., Ghosh S. Crosstalk in NF-kappaB signaling pathways. Nat Immunol 2011, 12:695-708.
48. Kagan J.C., Medzhitov R. Phosphoinositide-mediated adaptor recruitment controls Toll-like receptor signaling. Cell 2006, 125:943-955.
49. Babu S., Anuradha R., Kumar N.P., George P.J., Kumaraswami V., Nutman T.B. Filarial lymphatic pathology reflects augmented toll-like receptor-mediated, mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production. Infect Immun 2011, 79:4600-4608.
50. Carpenter S., O'Neill L.A. How important are Toll-like receptors for antimicrobial responses. Cell Microbiol 2007, 9:1891-1901.
51. Iwanaszko M., Kimmel M. NF-kappaB and IRF pathways cross-regulation on target genes promoter level. BMC Genomics 2015, 16:307.
52. Tamassia N., Bazzoni F., Le Moigne V., et al. IFN-beta expression is directly activated in human neutrophils transfected with plasmid DNA and is further increased via TLR-4-mediated signaling. J Immunol 2012, 189:1500-1509.
53. Kawai T., Akira S. Regulation of innate immune signalling pathways by the tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins. EMBO Mol Med 2011, 3:513-527.
54. Kawasaki T., Kawai T. Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Front Immunol 2014, 5:461.
55. Kleinnijenhuis J., Oosting M., Joosten L.A., Netea M.G., Van Crevel R. Innate immune recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2011, 2011:405310.
56. Stenger S., Modlin R.L. Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through mammalian Toll-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 2002, 14:452-457.
57. Rocha-Ramirez L.M., Estrada-Garcia I., Lopez-Marin L.M., et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipids regulate cytokines, TLR-2/4 and MHC class II expression in human macrophages. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008, 88:212-220.
58. Kusner D.J. Mechanisms of mycobacterial persistence in tuberculosis. Clin Immunol 2005, 114:239-247.
59. Herbst S., Schaible U.E., Schneider B.E. Interferon gamma activated macrophages kill mycobacteria by nitric oxide induced apoptosis. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e19105.
60. Aliprantis A.O., Yang R.B., Weiss D.S., Godowski P., Zychlinsky A. The apoptotic signaling pathway activated by Toll-like receptor-2. EMBO J 2000, 19:3325-3336.
61. Caraballo H., King K. Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus. Emerg Med Pract 2014, 16:1-23.
62. Punsawad C. Effect of malaria components on blood mononuclear cells involved in immune response. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013, 3:751-756.
63. Gun S.Y., Claser C., Tan K.S., Renia L. Interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria. Mediators Inflamm 2014, 2014:243713.
64. Silvestre R., Silva A.M., Cordeiro-da-Silva A., Ouaissi A. The contribution of Toll-like receptor 2 to the innate recognition of a Leishmania infantum silent information regulator 2 protein. Immunology 2009, 128:484-499.
65. Faria M.S., Reis F.C., Lima A.P. Toll-like receptors in leishmania infections guardians or promoters?. J Parasitol Res 2012, 2012:930257.
66. de Veer M.J., Curtis J.M., Baldwin T.M., et al. MyD88 is essential for clearance of Leishmania major possible role for lipophosphoglycan and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling. Eur J Immunol 2003, 33:2822-2831.
67. Shweash M., Adrienne McGachy H., Schroeder J., et al. Leishmania mexicana promastigotes inhibit macrophage IL-12 production via TLR-4 dependent COX-2, iNOS and arginase-1 expression. Mol Immunol 2011, 48:1800-1808.
68. Rodrigues M.M., Oliveira A.C., Bellio M. The immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi role of Toll-like receptors and perspectives for vaccine development. J Parasitol Res 2012, 2012:507874.
69. Ramasawmy R., Cunha-Neto E., Fae K.C., et al. Heterozygosity for the S180L variant of MAL/TIRAP, a gene expressing an adaptor protein in the Toll-like receptor pathway, is associated with lower risk of developing chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. J Infect Dis 2009, 199:1838-1845.
70. Mukherjee S., Sinha Babu S.P. Neurofilariasis. Neurology in tropics 2015, Elsevier, Asia Pacific. J. Chopra (Ed.).
71. Hoerauf A., Satoguina J., Saeftel M., Specht S. Immunomodulation by filarial nematodes. Parasite Immunol 2005, 27:417-429.
72. Mukherjee S., Mukherjee N., Saini P., Gayen P., Roy P., Sinha Babu S.P. Molecular evidence on the occurrence of co-infection with Pichia guilliermondii and Wuchereria bancrofti in two filarial endemic districts of India. Infect Dis Poverty 2014, 3:13.
73. Babu S., Nutman T.B. Immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filarial disease. Semin Immunopathol 2012, 34:847-861.
74. Venugopal P.G., Nutman T.B., Semnani R.T. Activation and regulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by helminth parasites. Immunol Res 2009, 43:252-263.
75. Ludwig-Portugall I., Layland L.E. TLRs, Treg, and B Cells, an Interplay of Regulation during Helminth Infection. Front Immunol 2012, 3:8.
76. Yanaba K., Bouaziz J.D., Matsushita T., Tsubata T., Tedder T.F. The development and function of regulatory B cells expressing IL-10 (B10 cells) requires antigen receptor diversity and TLR signals. J Immunol 2009, 182:7459-7472.
77. Mukherjee N., Mukherjee S., Saini P., Roy P., Sinha Babu S.P. Phenolics and terpenoids the promising new search for anthelmintics: a critical review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2015.