메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 107-117

The gateway hypothesis, common liability to addictions or the route of administration model a modelling process linking the three theories

Author keywords

Adult; Common liability model; Gateway theory; Multi state model; Route of administration model

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; BUPRENORPHINE; CANNABIS; COCAINE; DIAMORPHINE; ILLICIT DRUG; METHADONE; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT;

EID: 84954401957     PISSN: 10226877     EISSN: 14219891     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000439564     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 78650715101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the gateway hypo thesis, the common liability model and/or, the route of administration model predict initiation of cannabis use during adolescence?. A survival analysis-The TRAILS study
    • van Leeuwen AP, Verhulst FC, Reijneveld SA, Vollebergh WA, Ormel J, Huizink AC. Can the gateway hypothesis, the common liability model and/or, the route of administration model predict initiation of cannabis use during adolescence?. A survival analysis-The TRAILS study. J Adolesc Health 2011; 48: 73-78.
    • (2011) J Adolesc Health , vol.48 , pp. 73-78
    • Van Leeuwen, A.P.1    Verhulst, F.C.2    Reijneveld, S.A.3    Vollebergh, W.A.4    Ormel, J.5    Huizink, A.C.6
  • 2
    • 0016786427 scopus 로고
    • Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use
    • Kandel D. Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use. Science 1975; 190: 912-914.
    • (1975) Science , vol.190 , pp. 912-914
    • Kandel, D.1
  • 3
    • 33947591274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and sex differences in factors associated with the onset of cannabis use: A cohort study
    • Guxens M, Nebot M, Ariza C. Age and sex differences in factors associated with the onset of cannabis use: a cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 88: 234-243.
    • (2007) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.88 , pp. 234-243
    • Guxens, M.1    Nebot, M.2    Ariza, C.3
  • 4
    • 33745664763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between adolescent marijuana use and young adult illicit drug use
    • Lessem JM, Hopfer CJ, Haberstick BC, et al. Relationship between adolescent marijuana use and young adult illicit drug use. Behav Genet 2006; 36: 498-506.
    • (2006) Behav Genet , vol.36 , pp. 498-506
    • Lessem, J.M.1    Hopfer, C.J.2    Haberstick, B.C.3
  • 5
    • 34547663222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with the onset of cannabis use: A systematic review of cohort studies
    • Guxens M, Nebot M, Ariza C, Ochoa D. Factors associated with the onset of cannabis use: a systematic review of cohort studies. Gac Sanit 2007; 21: 252-260.
    • (2007) Gac Sanit , vol.21 , pp. 252-260
    • Guxens, M.1    Nebot, M.2    Ariza, C.3    Ochoa, D.4
  • 7
    • 0036277434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug policies: Improving the quality of the relevant debate
    • Kandel D. Drug policies: improving the quality of the relevant debate. Addiction 2002; 97: 655-657.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 655-657
    • Kandel, D.1
  • 8
    • 0028124815 scopus 로고
    • The shifting importance of alcohol and marijuana as gateway substances among serious drug abusers
    • Golub A, Johnson BD. The shifting importance of alcohol and marijuana as gateway substances among serious drug abusers. J Stud Alcohol 1994; 55: 607-614.
    • (1994) J Stud Alcohol , vol.55 , pp. 607-614
    • Golub, A.1    Johnson, B.D.2
  • 9
    • 0030958269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence of drug use among serious drug users: Typical vs atypical progression
    • Mackesy-Amiti ME, Fendrich M, Goldstein PJ. Sequence of drug use among serious drug users: typical vs atypical progression. Drug Alcohol Depend 1997; 45: 185-196.
    • (1997) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.45 , pp. 185-196
    • Mackesy-Amiti, M.E.1    Fendrich, M.2    Goldstein, P.J.3
  • 10
    • 62249219892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the' gateway' matter?. Associations between the order of drug use initiation and the development of drug dependence in the national comorbidity study replication
    • Degenhardt L, Chiu WT, Conway K, Dierker L, Glantz M, Kalaydjian A, Merikangas K, Sampson N, Swendsen J, Kessler RC. Does the' gateway' matter?. Associations between the order of drug use initiation and the development of drug dependence in the national comorbidity study replication. Psychol Med 2009; 39: 157-167.
    • (2009) Psychol Med , vol.39 , pp. 157-167
    • Degenhardt, L.1    Chiu, W.T.2    Conway, K.3    Dierker, L.4    Glantz, M.5    Kalaydjian, A.6    Merikangas, K.7    Sampson, N.8    Swendsen, J.9    Kessler, R.C.10
  • 11
    • 38049152908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential patterns of drug use initiation-can we believe in the gateway theory?
    • Available at: (accessed on September 5, 2015
    • Bretteville-Jensen AL, Melberg HO, Jones AM. Sequential patterns of drug use initiation-can we believe in the gateway theory?. J Econ Anal Poli 2008. Available at: https://www.york. ac.uk/media/economics/documents/herc/wp/05-09.pdf (accessed on September 5, 2015).
    • (2008) J Econ Anal Poli
    • Bretteville-Jensen, A.L.1    Melberg, H.O.2    Jones, A.M.3
  • 12
    • 33644863295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use and other illicit drug use: Testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis
    • Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ. Cannabis use and other illicit drug use: testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis. Addiction 2006; 101: 556-569.
    • (2006) Addiction , vol.101 , pp. 556-569
    • Fergusson, D.M.1    Boden, J.M.2    Horwood, L.J.3
  • 13
    • 84862864763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the 'gateway' sequence increase prediction of cannabis use disorder development beyond deviant socialization?. Implications for prevention practice and policy
    • Tarter RE, Kirisci L, Mezzich A, et al. Does the 'gateway' sequence increase prediction of cannabis use disorder development beyond deviant socialization?. Implications for prevention practice and policy. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 123(suppl 1):S72-S78.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.123 , pp. S72-S78
    • Tarter, R.E.1    Kirisci, L.2    Mezzich, A.3
  • 14
    • 64849083132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental epidemiology of drug use and abuse in adolescence and young adulthood: Evidence of generalized risk
    • Palmer RH, Young SE, Hopfer CJ, et al. Developmental epidemiology of drug use and abuse in adolescence and young adulthood: evidence of generalized risk. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009; 102: 78-87.
    • (2009) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.102 , pp. 78-87
    • Palmer, R.H.1    Young, S.E.2    Hopfer, C.J.3
  • 15
    • 57549106791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violations of the usual sequence of drug initiation: Prevalence and associations with the development of dependence in the New Zealand mental health survey
    • Wells JE, McGee MA. Violations of the usual sequence of drug initiation: prevalence and associations with the development of dependence in the New Zealand mental health survey. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2008; 69: 789-795.
    • (2008) J Stud Alcohol Drugs , vol.69 , pp. 789-795
    • Wells, J.E.1    McGee, M.A.2
  • 16
    • 57049114295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco and cannabis co-occurrence: Does route of administration matter?
    • Agrawal A, Lynskey MT. Tobacco and cannabis co-occurrence: does route of administration matter?. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009; 99: 240-247.
    • (2009) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.99 , pp. 240-247
    • Agrawal, A.1    Lynskey, M.T.2
  • 17
  • 18
    • 84862870911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common liability to addiction and 'gateway hypo thesis: Theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective
    • Vanyukov MM, Tarter RE, Kirillova GP, et al. Common liability to addiction and 'gateway hypothesis': theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 123(suppl 1):S3-S17.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.123 , pp. S3-S17
    • Vanyukov, M.M.1    Tarter, R.E.2    Kirillova, G.P.3
  • 19
    • 1842509987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and other illicit drugs: Comorbid use and abuse/dependence in males and females
    • Agrawal A, Neale MC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Cannabis and other illicit drugs: comorbid use and abuse/dependence in males and females. Behav Genet 2004; 34: 217-228.
    • (2004) Behav Genet , vol.34 , pp. 217-228
    • Agrawal, A.1    Neale, M.C.2    Prescott, C.A.3    Kendler, K.S.4
  • 20
    • 35948981528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for symptoms of cannabis, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine dependence
    • Kendler KS, Myers J, Prescott CA. Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for symptoms of cannabis, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64: 1313-1320.
    • (2007) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 1313-1320
    • Kendler, K.S.1    Myers, J.2    Prescott, C.A.3
  • 21
    • 84862862675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Index of the transmissible common liability to addiction: Heritability and prospective associations with substance abuse and related outcomes
    • Hicks BM, Iacono WG, McGue M. Index of the transmissible common liability to addiction: heritability and prospective associations with substance abuse and related outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 123(suppl 1): S18-S23.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.123 , pp. S18-S23
    • Hicks, B.M.1    Iacono, W.G.2    McGue, M.3
  • 22
    • 43449127802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral disinhibition and the development of early-onset addiction: Common and specific influences
    • Iacono WG, Malone SM, McGue M. Behavioral disinhibition and the development of early-onset addiction: common and specific influences. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2008; 4: 325-348.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Clin Psychol , vol.4 , pp. 325-348
    • Iacono, W.G.1    Malone, S.M.2    McGue, M.3
  • 25
    • 84927158342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of co-morbid tobacco and cannabis use disorders: Possible mechanisms to explain high rates of co-use
    • Rabin RA, George TP. A review of co-morbid tobacco and cannabis use disorders: possible mechanisms to explain high rates of co-use. Am J Addict 2015; 24: 105-116.
    • (2015) Am J Addict , vol.24 , pp. 105-116
    • Rabin, R.A.1    George, T.P.2
  • 26
    • 84878169287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Une méthode de prise en compte du dégroupage total dans le plan de sondage des enquêtes téléphoniques auprès des ménages
    • in Tremblay ME Lavallée P El Hadj Tirari M (eds
    • Beck F, Gautier A, Guignard R, Richard JB. Une méthode de prise en compte du dégroupage total dans le plan de sondage des enquêtes téléphoniques auprès des ménages; in Tremblay ME, Lavallée P, El Hadj Tirari M (eds): Pratiques et Méthodes de Sondage. Dunod, Collection Sciences Sup, Paris, 2011, pp 310-314.
    • (2011) Pratiques et Méthodes de Sondage. Dunod, Collection Sciences Sup, Paris , pp. 310-314
    • Beck, F.1    Gautier, A.2    Guignard, R.3    Richard, J.B.4
  • 27
    • 57049183010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transitions from first substance use to substance use disorders in adolescence: Is early onset associated with a rapid escalation?
    • Behrendt S, Wittchen HU, Höfler M, Lieb R, Beesdo K. Transitions from first substance use to substance use disorders in adolescence: is early onset associated with a rapid escalation?. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009; 99: 68-78.
    • (2009) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.99 , pp. 68-78
    • Behrendt, S.1    Wittchen, H.U.2    Höfler, M.3    Lieb, R.4    Beesdo, K.5
  • 28
    • 17244364769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between early onset of cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use and later drug use patterns: An analysis of a survey in European metropolises
    • Baumeister SE, Tossmann P. Association between early onset of cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use and later drug use patterns: an analysis of a survey in European metropolises. Eur Addict Res 2005; 11: 92-98.
    • (2005) Eur Addict Res , vol.11 , pp. 92-98
    • Baumeister, S.E.1    Tossmann, P.2
  • 29
    • 77956190009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring addiction propensity and severity: The need for a new instrument
    • Conway KP, Levy J, Vanyukov M, et al. Measuring addiction propensity and severity: the need for a new instrument. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 111: 4-12.
    • (2010) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.111 , pp. 4-12
    • Conway, K.P.1    Levy, J.2    Vanyukov, M.3
  • 30
    • 84879067866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiles of drug users in Switzerland and effects of early-onset intensive use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis on other illicit drug use
    • Baggio S, Studer J, Mohler-Kuo M, Daeppen JB, Gmel G. Profiles of drug users in Switzerland and effects of early-onset intensive use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis on other illicit drug use. Swiss Med Wkly 2013; 143:w13805.
    • (2013) Swiss Med Wkly , vol.143 , pp. w13805
    • Baggio, S.1    Studer, J.2    Mohler-Kuo, M.3    Daeppen, J.B.4    Gmel, G.5
  • 31
    • 0032517042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): An effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory care quality improvement project (ACQUIP) Alcohol use disorders identification test
    • Bush K, Kivlahan DR, McDonell MB, Fihn SD, Bradley KA. The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory care quality improvement project (ACQUIP). Alcohol use disorders identification test. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1789-1795.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 1789-1795
    • Bush, K.1    Kivlahan, D.R.2    McDonell, M.B.3    Fihn, S.D.4    Bradley, K.A.5
  • 32
    • 36849058196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating parameters of dichotomous and ordinal item response models with gllamm
    • Zheng X, Rabe-Hesketh S. Estimating parameters of dichotomous and ordinal item response models with gllamm. Stata J 2007; 7: 313-333.
    • (2007) Stata J , vol.7 , pp. 313-333
    • Zheng, X.1    Rabe-Hesketh, S.2
  • 33
    • 0029123292 scopus 로고
    • Multi-state models and diabetic retinopathy
    • Marshall G, Jones RH. Multi-state models and diabetic retinopathy. Stat Med 1995; 14: 1975-1983.
    • (1995) Stat Med , vol.14 , pp. 1975-1983
    • Marshall, G.1    Jones, R.H.2
  • 35
    • 84863304598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team: Vienne, R Foundation for Statistical Computing
    • R Development Core Team: R. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienne, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2010.
    • (2010) R. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 36
    • 79952974720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-state models for panel data: The MSM package for R
    • Available at accessed on September 5, 2015
    • Jackson C. Multi-state models for panel data: the MSM package for R. J Stat Software 2011. Available at: http://www.jstatsoft.org/v38/i08/paper (accessed on September 5, 2015).
    • (2011) J Stat Software
    • Jackson, C.1
  • 37
    • 82755160626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use stages as predictors of subsequent initiation with other illicit drugs among French adolescents: Use of a multi-state model
    • Mayet A, Legleye S, Falissard B, Chau N. Cannabis use stages as predictors of subsequent initiation with other illicit drugs among French adolescents: use of a multi-state model. Addict Behav 2012; 37: 160-166.
    • (2012) Addict Behav , vol.37 , pp. 160-166
    • Mayet, A.1    Legleye, S.2    Falissard, B.3    Chau, N.4
  • 38
    • 0031948948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary socialization theory: The etiology of drug use and deviance
    • Oetting ER, Donnermeyer JF. Primary socialization theory: the etiology of drug use and deviance. Subst Use Misuse 1998; 33: 995-1026.
    • (1998) Subst Use Misuse , vol.33 , pp. 995-1026
    • Oetting, E.R.1    Donnermeyer, J.F.2
  • 39
    • 77954314842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mediation role of licit drugs in the influence of socializing on cannabis use among adolescents: A quantitative approach
    • Mayet A, Legleye S, Chau N, Falissard B. The mediation role of licit drugs in the influence of socializing on cannabis use among adolescents: a quantitative approach. Addict Behav 2010; 35: 890-895.
    • (2010) Addict Behav , vol.35 , pp. 890-895
    • Mayet, A.1    Legleye, S.2    Chau, N.3    Falissard, B.4
  • 41
    • 4043064309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of a general substance use pattern among adolescents in Switzerland?. Investigating the relationship between alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use over a 12-year period
    • Kuntsche EN. Progression of a general substance use pattern among adolescents in Switzerland?. Investigating the relationship between alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use over a 12-year period. Eur Addict Res 2004; 10: 118-125.
    • (2004) Eur Addict Res , vol.10 , pp. 118-125
    • Kuntsche, E.N.1
  • 42
    • 84928434747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tendances 2011. Available at: (accessed on September 5, 2015
    • Beck F, Guignard R, Richard JB. Les niveaux d'usage des drogues en France en 2010. Tendances 2011. Available at: http://www.inpes. sante.fr/Barometres/barometre-sante-2010/pdf/Tendances%2076%20-%20BaroVF.pdf (accessed on September 5, 2015).
    • (2010) Les Niveaux D'usage des Drogues en France en
    • Beck, F.1    Guignard, R.2    Richard, J.B.3
  • 45
    • 0034012531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illicit psychoactive substance use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence in a US population-based sample of male twins
    • Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Neale MC, Prescott CA. Illicit psychoactive substance use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence in a US population-based sample of male twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 261-269.
    • (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 261-269
    • Kendler, K.S.1    Karkowski, L.M.2    Neale, M.C.3    Prescott, C.A.4
  • 46
    • 77649337967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the drug use 'gateway' theory using cross-national data: Consistency and associations of the order of initiation of drug use among participants in the WHO world mental health surveys
    • Degenhardt L, Dierker L, Chiu WT, et al. Evaluating the drug use 'gateway' theory using cross-national data: consistency and associations of the order of initiation of drug use among participants in the WHO world mental health surveys. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 108: 84-97.
    • (2010) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.108 , pp. 84-97
    • Degenhardt, L.1    Dierker, L.2    Chiu, W.T.3
  • 47
    • 60549109092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of cannabis use disorder between boyhood and young adulthood: Clarifying the phenotype and environtype
    • Kirisci L, Tarter R, Mezzich A, Ridenour T, Reynolds M, Vanyukov M. Prediction of cannabis use disorder between boyhood and young adulthood: clarifying the phenotype and environtype. Am J Addict 2009; 18: 36-47.
    • (2009) Am J Addict , vol.18 , pp. 36-47
    • Kirisci, L.1    Tarter, R.2    Mezzich, A.3    Ridenour, T.4    Reynolds, M.5    Vanyukov, M.6
  • 48
    • 67349092930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the risk for substance use disorders: Phenotypic and genetic analysis of an index of common liability
    • Vanyukov MM, Kirisci L, Moss L, et al. Measurement of the risk for substance use disorders: phenotypic and genetic analysis of an index of common liability. Behav Genet 2009; 39: 233-244.
    • (2009) Behav Genet , vol.39 , pp. 233-244
    • Vanyukov, M.M.1    Kirisci, L.2    Moss, L.3
  • 49
    • 84921266346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of drug use sequencing pattern in further problematic use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs
    • Castaldelli-Maia JM, Martins SS, de Oliveira LG, de Andrade AG, Nicastri S. The role of drug use sequencing pattern in further problematic use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs. J Ment Health 2015; 24: 9-14.
    • (2015) J Ment Health , vol.24 , pp. 9-14
    • Castaldelli-Maia, J.M.1    Martins, S.S.2    De Oliveira, L.G.3    De Andrade, A.G.4    Nicastri, S.5
  • 50
    • 26644459219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reverse gateways?. Frequent cannabis use as a predictor of tobacco initiation and nicotine dependence
    • Patton GC, Coffey C, Carlin JB, Sawyer SM, Lynskey M. Reverse gateways?. Frequent cannabis use as a predictor of tobacco initiation and nicotine dependence. Addiction 2005; 100: 1518-1525.
    • (2005) Addiction , vol.100 , pp. 1518-1525
    • Patton, G.C.1    Coffey, C.2    Carlin, J.B.3    Sawyer, S.M.4    Lynskey, M.5
  • 51
    • 79961127304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transitions between tobacco and cannabis use among adolescents: A multi-state modeling of progression from onset to daily use
    • Mayet A, Legleye S, Chau N, Falissard B. Transitions between tobacco and cannabis use among adolescents: a multi-state modeling of progression from onset to daily use. Addict Behav 2011; 36: 1101-1105.
    • (2011) Addict Behav , vol.36 , pp. 1101-1105
    • Mayet, A.1    Legleye, S.2    Chau, N.3    Falissard, B.4
  • 52
    • 84922329257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohort changes in educational disparities in smoking: France, Germany and the United States
    • Pampel F, Legleye S, Goffette C, et al. Cohort changes in educational disparities in smoking: France, Germany and the United States. Soc Sci Med 2015; 127: 41-50.
    • (2015) Soc Sci Med , vol.127 , pp. 41-50
    • Pampel, F.1    Legleye, S.2    Goffette, C.3
  • 54
    • 79952980087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Special issue about competing risks and multi-state models
    • Putter H. Special issue about competing risks and multi-state models. J Stat Software 2011; 38: 1-4.
    • (2011) J Stat Software , vol.38 , pp. 1-4
    • Putter, H.1
  • 55
    • 0041332837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke or fog?. The usefulness of retrospectively reported information about smoking
    • Kenkel D, Lillard DR, Mathios A. Smoke or fog?. The usefulness of retrospectively reported information about smoking. Addiction 2003; 98: 1307-1313.
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , pp. 1307-1313
    • Kenkel, D.1    Lillard, D.R.2    Mathios, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.