Atypically rightward cerebral asymmetry in male adults with autism stratifies individuals with and without language delay

Human Brain Mapping

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 230-253

  Floris, Dorothea L ^a   Lai, Meng Chuan ^a,b,c   Auer, Tibor ^d   Lombardo, Michael V ^a,e   Ecker, Christine ^f   Chakrabarti, Bhismadev ^a,g   Wheelwright, Sally J ^a   Bullmore, Edward T ^h,i,j,k   Murphy, Declan G M ^f   Baron Cohen, Simon ^a,h,k   Suckling, John ^h,i,j,k  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^d MRC COGNITION AND BRAIN SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS   (Cyprus)

^f KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^g UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^h CAMBRIDGESHIRE AND PETERBOROUGH NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^j NONE   (United Kingdom)

^k UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

Autism; Cortical asymmetry; Language delay; Lateralization; Volumetric MRI

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY CORTEX; AUTISM; BRAIN ASYMMETRY; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN SIZE; CHILDHOOD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; GRAY MATTER; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; HESCHL GYRUS; HUMAN; INFERIOR PARIETAL LOBULE; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; LANGUAGE ABILITY; LANGUAGE DELAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROANATOMY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARIETAL OPERCULUM; PLANUM TEMPORALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIGHT HEMISPHERE; SKILL; SOCIAL DISABILITY; SUPRAMARGINAL GYRUS; TASK PERFORMANCE; VOXEL BASED MORPHOMETRY; ADOLESCENT; AUDITORY STIMULATION; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN MAPPING; COGNITION DISORDERS; COMPLICATION; IMAGE PROCESSING; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATHOLOGY; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; STATISTICS; YOUNG ADULT;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AUTISTIC DISORDER; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBRAL CORTEX; COGNITION DISORDERS; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SPACE PERCEPTION; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84954387975     PISSN: 10659471     EISSN: 10970193     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23023     Document Type: Article

References (196)

1. Amaral DG, Schumann CM, Nordahl CW (2008): Neuroanatomy of autism. Trends Neurosci 31:137-145.
2. Amunts K, Schlaug G, Schleicher A, Steinmetz H, Dabringhaus A, Roland PE, Zilles K (1996): Asymmetry in the human motor cortex and handedness. Neuroimage 4:216-222.
3. Anderson JS, Lange N, Froehlich A, DuBray MB, Druzgal TJ, Froimowitz MP, Alexander AL, Bigler ED, Lainhart JE (2010): Decreased left posterior insular activity during auditory language in autism. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 31:131-139.
4. Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Arndt S, Cizadlo T, Hurtig R, Rezai K, Watkins GL, Ponto LL, Hichwa RD (1995): Short-term and long-term verbal memory: A positron emission tomography study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:5111-5115.
5. Ashburner J (2007): A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. Neuroimage 38:95-113.
6. Barber AD, Srinivasan P, Joel SE, Caffo BS, Pekar JJ, Mostofsky SH (2012): Motor "dexterity"?: Evidence that left hemisphere lateralization of motor circuit connectivity is associated with better motor performance in children. Cereb Cortex 22:51-59.
7. Baron-Cohen S ( 1995): Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
8. Baron-Cohen S (2006): The hyper-systemizing, assortative mating theory of autism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30:865-872.
9. Baron-Cohen S, Auyeung B, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Hougaard DM, Abdallah MW, Melgaard L, Cohen AS, Chakrabarti B, Ruta L, Lombardo MV (2015): Elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism. Mol Psychiatry 20:369-376.
10. Binder JR, Desai RH (2011): The neurobiology of semantic memory. Trends Cogn Sci 15:527-536.
11. Binder JR, Rao SM, Hammeke TA, Frost JA, Bandettini PA, Jesmanowicz A, Hyde JS (1995): Lateralized human brain language systems demonstrated by task subtraction functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol 52:593-601.
12. Boddaert N, Belin P, Chabane N, Poline JB, Barthélémy C, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Brunelle F, Samson Y, Zilbovicius M (2003): Perception of complex sounds: Abnormal pattern of cortical activation in autism. Am J Psychiatry 160:2057-2060.
13. Boddaert N, Chabane N, Belin P, Bourgeois M, Royer V, Barthelemy C, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Philippe A, Brunelle F, Samson Y, Zilbovicius M. (2004): Perception of complex sounds in autism: Abnormal auditory cortical processing in children. Am J Psychiatry 161:2117-2120.
14. Bohlhalter S, Hattori N, Wheaton L, Fridman E, Shamim EA, Garraux G, Hallett M (2009): Gesture subtype-dependent left lateralization of praxis planning: An event-related fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 19:1256-1262.
15. Boucher J (2012): Research review: Structural language in autistic spectrum disorder-Characteristics and causes. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 53:219-233.
16. Buckner RL, Andrews-Hanna JR, Schacter DL (2008): The brain's default network: Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124:1-38.
17. Calder AJ, Beaver JD, Winston JS, Dolan RJ, Jenkins R, Eger E, Henson RN (2007): Separate coding of different gaze directions in the superior temporal sulcus and inferior parietal lobule. Curr Biol 17:20-25.
18. Cardinale RC, Shih P, Fishman I, Ford LM, Müller RA (2013): Pervasive rightward asymmetry shifts of functional networks in autism spectrum disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 70:975-982.
19. Chance SA, Casanova MF, Switala AE, Crow TJ (2008): Auditory cortex asymmetry, altered minicolumn spacing and absence of ageing effects in schizophrenia. Brain 131:3178-3192.
20. Chiron C, Jambaque I, Nabbout R, Lounes R, Syrota A, Dulac O (1997): The right brain hemisphere is dominant in human infants. Brain 120:1057-1065.
21. Chumbley JR, Friston KJ (2009): False discovery rate revisited: FDR and topological inference using Gaussian random fields. Neuroimage 44:62-70.
22. Chura LR, Lombardo MV, Ashwin E, Auyeung B, Chakrabarti B, Bullmore ET, Baron-Cohen S (2010): Organizational effects of fetal testosterone on human corpus callosum size and asymmetry. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35:122-132.
23. Coffey-Corina S, Padden D, Kuhl PK (2008): ERPs to words correlate with behavioral measures in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Acoust Soc Am 123:3742.
24. Coney J (2002): Lateral asymmetry in phonological processing: Relating behavioral measures to neuroimaged structures. Brain Lang 80:355-365.
25. Corballis MC (1997): Mental rotation and the right hemisphere. Brain Lang 57:100-121.
26. Critchley M ( 1966): The Parietal Lobes, etc. New York: Hafner Publishing Co.
27. Cuenod CA, Bookheimer SY, Hertz-Pannier L, Zeffiro TA, Theodore WH, Le Bihan D (1995): Functional MRI during word generation, using conventional equipment: A potential tool for language localization in the clinical environment. Neurology 45:1821-1827.
28. D'Cruz AM, Mosconi MW, Steele S, Rubin LH, Luna B, Minshew N, Sweeney JA (2009): Lateralized response timing deficits in autism. Biol Psychiatry 66:393-397.
29. Damarla SR, Keller TA, Kana RK, Cherkassky VL, Williams DL, Minshew NJ, Just MA (2010): Cortical underconnectivity coupled with preserved visuospatial cognition in autism: Evidence from an fMRI study of an embedded figures task. Autism Res 3:273-279.
30. Dane S, Balci N (2007): Handedness, eyedness and nasal cycle in children with autism. Int J Dev Neurosci 25:223-226.
31. Dawson G, Warrenburg S, Fuller P (1983): Hemisphere functioning and motor imitation in autistic persons. Brain Cogn 2:346-354.
32. Dawson G, Finley C, Phillips S, Galpert L (1986): Hemispheric specialization and the language abilities of autistic children. Child Dev 57:1440-1453.
33. Dawson G, Finley C, Phillips S, Lewy A (1989): A comparison of hemispheric asymmetries in speech-related brain potentials of autistic and dysphasic children. Brain Lang 37:26-41.
34. Dawson M, Soulières I, Gernsbacher MA, Mottron L (2007): The level and nature of autistic intelligence. Psychol Sci 18:657-662.
35. De Fossé L, Hodge SM, Makris N, Kennedy DN, Caviness VS Jr, McGrath L, Steele S, Ziegler DA, Herbert MR, Frazier JA, Tager-Flusberg H, Harris GJ (2004): Language-association cortex asymmetry in autism and specific language impairment. Ann Neurol 56:757-766.
36. de Guibert C, Maumet C, Jannin P, Ferré JC, Tréguier C, Barillot C, Le Rumeur E, Allaire C, Biraben A (2011): Abnormal functional lateralization and activity of language brain areas in typical specific language impairment (developmental dysphasia). Brain 134:3044-3058.
37. De Luca M, Smith S, De Stefano N, Federico A, Matthews PM (2005): Blood oxygenation level dependent contrast resting state networks are relevant to functional activity in the neocortical sensorimotor system. Exp Brain Res 167:587-594.
38. Decety J, Lamm C (2007): The role of the right temporoparietal junction in social interaction: How low-level computational processes contribute to meta-cognition. Neuroscientist 13:580-593.
39. Dehaene-Lambertz G, Dehaene S, Hertz-Pannier L (2002): Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in infants. Science 298:2013-2015.
40. Dehaene S, Piazza M, Pinel P, Cohen L (2003): Three parietal circuits for number processing. Cogn Neuropsychol 20:487-506.
41. Démonet JF, Chollet F, Ramsay S, Cardebat D, Nespoulous JL, Wise R, Rascol A, Frackowiak R (1992): The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects. Brain 115:1753-1768.
42. Devlin JT, Watkins KE (2007): Stimulating language: Insights from TMS. Brain 130:610-622.
43. Dichter GS, Felder JN, Bodfish JW (2009): Autism is characterized by dorsal anterior cingulate hyperactivation during social target detection. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 4:215-226.
44. Dinstein I, Pierce K, Eyler L, Solso S, Malach R, Behrmann M, Courchesne E (2011): Disrupted neural synchronization in toddlers with autism. Neuron 70:1218-1225.
45. Dockrell J, Messer DJ ( 1999): Children's Language and Communication Difficulties. London: Cassell.
46. Ecker C, Suckling J, Deoni SC, Lombardo MV, Bullmore ET, Baron-Cohen S, Catani M, Jezzard P, Barnes A, Bailey AJ, et al. (2012): Brain anatomy and its relationship to behavior in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A multicenter magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69:195-209.
47. Ecker C, Ginestet C, Feng Y, Johnston P, Lombardo MV, Lai MC, Suckling J, Palaniyappan L, Daly E, Murphy CM, Williams SC, Bullmore ET, Baron-Cohen S, Brammer M, Murphy DG; MRC AIMS Consortium (2013): Brain surface anatomy in adults with autism: The relationship between surface area, cortical thickness, and autistic symptoms. JAMA Psychiatry 70:59-70.
48. Eidelberg D, Galaburda AM (1984): Inferior parietal lobule. Divergent architectonic asymmetries in the human brain. Arch Neurol 41:843-852.
49. Escalante-Mead PR, Minshew NJ, Sweeney JA (2003): Abnormal brain lateralization in high-functioning autism. J Autism Dev Disord 33:539-543.
50. Everts R, Lidzba K, Wilke M, Kiefer C, Mordasini M, Schroth G, Perrig W, Steinlin M (2009): Strengthening of laterality of verbal and visuospatial functions during childhood and adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 30:473-483.
51. Eyler LT, Pierce K, Courchesne E (2012): A failure of left temporal cortex to specialize for language is an early emerging and fundamental property of autism. Brain 135:949-960.
52. Falter CM, Plaisted KC, Davis G (2008): Visuo-spatial processing in autism-Testing the predictions of extreme male brain theory. J Autism Dev Disord 38:507-515.
53. Fein D, Humes M, Kaplan E, Lucci D, Waterhouse L (1984): The question of left hemisphere dysfunction in infantile autism. Psychol Bull 95:258-281.
54. Flagg EJ, Cardy JE, Roberts W, Roberts TP (2005): Language lateralization development in children with autism: Insights from the late field magnetoencephalogram. Neurosci Lett 386:82-87.
55. Floris DL, Chura LR, Holt RJ, Suckling J, Bullmore ET, Baron-Cohen S, Spencer MD (2013): Psychological correlates of handedness and corpus callosum asymmetry in autism: The left hemisphere dysfunction theory revisited. J Autism Dev Disord 43:1758-1772.
56. Foundas AL, Bollich AM, Corey DM, Hurley M, Heilman KM (2001): Anomalous anatomy of speech-language areas in adults with persistent developmental stuttering. Neurology 57:207-215.
57. Fournier KA, Hass CJ, Naik SK, Lodha N, Cauraugh JH (2010): Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: A synthesis and meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 40:1227-1240.
58. Foxe JJ, McCourt ME, Javitt DC (2003): Right hemisphere control of visuospatial attention: Line-bisection judgments evaluated with high-density electrical mapping and source analysis. Neuroimage 19:710-726.
59. Francks C, Maegawa S, Laurén J, Abrahams BS, Velayos-Baeza A, Medland SE, Colella S, Groszer M, McAuley EZ, Caffrey TM, Timmusk T, Pruunsild P, Koppel I, Lind PA, Matsumoto-Itaba N, Nicod J, Xiong L, Joober R, Enard W, Krinsky B, Nanba E, Richardson AJ, Riley BP, Martin NG, Strittmatter SM, Möller HJ, Rujescu D, St Clair D, Muglia P, Roos JL, Fisher SE, Wade-Martins R, Rouleau GA, Stein JF, Karayiorgou M, Geschwind DH, Ragoussis J, Kendler KS, Airaksinen MS, Oshimura M, DeLisi LE, Monaco AP (2007): LRRTM1 on chromosome 2p12 is a maternally suppressed gene that is associated paternally with handedness and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 12:1129-1139, 1057.
60. Frederikse ME, Lu A, Aylward E, Barta P, Pearlson G (1999): Sex differences in the inferior parietal lobule. Cereb Cortex 9:896-901.
61. Friederici AD, Kotz SA, Scott SK, Obleser J (2010): Disentangling syntax and intelligibility in auditory language comprehension. Hum Brain Mapp 31:448-457.
62. Frith U (2001): Mind blindness and the brain in autism. Neuron 32:969-979.
63. Frost JA, Binder JR, Springer JA, Hammeke TA, Bellgowan PS, Rao SM, Cox RW (1999): Language processing is strongly left lateralized in both sexes. Evidence from functional MRI. Brain 122:199-208.
64. Gage NM, Juranek J, Filipek PA, Osann K, Flodman P, Isenberg AL, Spence MA (2009): Rightward hemispheric asymmetries in auditory language cortex in children with autistic disorder: an MRI investigation. J Neurodev Disord 1:205-214.
65. Gaillard WD, Sachs BC, Whitnah JR, Ahmad Z, Balsamo LM, Petrella JR, Braniecki SH, McKinney CM, Hunter K, Xu B, Grandin CB. (2003): Developmental aspects of language processing: fMRI of verbal fluency in children and adults. Hum Brain Mapp 18:176-185.
66. Gardener H, Spiegelman D, Buka SL (2011): Perinatal and neonatal risk factors for autism: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Pediatrics 128:344-355.
67. Gathercole SE, Willis CS, Baddeley AD, Emslie H (1994): The children's test of nonword repetition: A test of phonological working memory. Memory 2:103-127.
68. Gazzaniga MS (1995): Principles of human brain organization derived from split-brain studies. Neuron 14:217-228.
69. Geschwind N, Galaburda AM (1985): Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Arch Neurol 42:428-459.
70. Geschwind DH, Miller BL, DeCarli C, Carmelli D (2002): Heritability of lobar brain volumes in twins supports genetic models of cerebral laterality and handedness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:3176-3181.
71. Gladsjo JA, Schuman CC, Evans JD, Peavy GM, Miller SW, Heaton RK (1999): Norms for letter and category fluency: Demographic corrections for age, education, and ethnicity. Assessment 6:147-178.
72. Gotts SJ, Jo HJ, Wallace GL, Saad ZS, Cox RW, Martin A (2013): Two distinct forms of functional lateralization in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:E3435-E3444.
73. Gowen E, Hamilton A (2013): Motor abilities in autism: A review using a computational context. J Autism Dev Disord 43:323-344.
74. Green D, Charman T, Pickles A, Chandler S, Loucas T, Simonoff E, Baird G (2009): Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 51:311-316.
75. Greenspan SI, Wieder S (1997): Developmental patterns and outcomes in infants and children with disorders in relating and communicating: A chart review of 200 cases of children with autistic spectrum diagnoses. J Dev Learn Disord 1:87-141.
76. Haaland KY, Elsinger CL, Mayer AR, Durgerian S, Rao SM (2004): Motor sequence complexity and performing hand produce differential patterns of hemispheric lateralization. J Cogn Neurosci 16:621-636.
77. Haar S, Berman S, Behrmann M, Dinstein I (2014): Anatomical Abnormalities in Autism? Cereb Cortex, 1-13; pii: bhu242.
78. Happé F, Frith U (2006): The weak coherence account: Detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 36:5-25.
79. Hauck JA, Dewey D (2001): Hand preference and motor functioning in children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 31:265-277.
80. Heilman KM, Van Den Abell T (1980): Right hemisphere dominance for attention: The mechanism underlying hemispheric asymmetries of inattention (neglect). Neurology 30:327-330.
81. Herbert MR, Harris GJ, Adrien KT, Ziegler DA, Makris N, Kennedy DN, Lange NT, Chabris CF, Bakardjiev A, Hodgson J, Takeoka M, Tager-Flusberg H, Caviness VS Jr (2002): Abnormal asymmetry in language association cortex in autism. Ann Neurol 52:588-596.
82. Herbert MR, Ziegler DA, Deutsch CK, O'Brien LM, Kennedy DN, Filipek PA, Bakardjiev AI, Hodgson J, Takeoka M, Makris N, et al. (2005): Brain asymmetries in autism and developmental language disorder: A nested whole-brain analysis. Brain 128:213-226.
83. Hervé PY, Crivello F, Perchey G, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2006): Handedness and cerebral anatomical asymmetries in young adult males. Neuroimage 29:1066-1079.
84. Howlin P (2003): Outcome in high-functioning adults with autism with and without early language delays: Implications for the differentiation between autism and Asperger syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 33:3-13.
85. Hugdahl K (2011): Fifty years of dichotic listening research-Still going and going and.... Brain Cogn 76:211-213.
86. Hugdahl K, Davidson RJ ( 2003): The Asymmetrical Brain. Cambridge: MIT Press.
87. Ischebeck A, Zamarian L, Schocke M, Delazer M (2009): Flexible transfer of knowledge in mental arithmetic-An fMRI study. Neuroimage 44:1103-1112.
88. Jäncke L, Specht K, Shah JN, Hugdahl K (2003): Focused attention in a simple dichotic listening task: An fMRI experiment. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 16:257-266.
89. Johnson BW, McArthur G, Hautus M, Reid M, Brock J, Castles A, Crain S (2013): Lateralized auditory brain function in children with normal reading ability and in children with dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 51:633-641.
90. Jolliffe T, Baron-Cohen S (1997): Are people with autism and Asperger syndrome faster than normal on the embedded figures test? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:527-534.
91. Kana RK, Liu Y, Williams DL, Keller TA, Schipul SE, Minshew NJ, Just MA (2013): The local, global, and neural aspects of visuospatial processing in autism spectrum disorders. Neuropsychologia 51:2995-3003.
92. Kansaku K, Yamaura A, Kitazawa S (2000): Sex differences in lateralization revealed in the posterior language areas. Cereb Cortex 10:866-872.
93. Kerkhoff G (2001): Spatial hemineglect in humans. Prog Neurobiol 63:1-27.
94. Kjelgaard MM, Tager-Flusberg H (2001): An investigation of language impairment in autism: Implications for genetic subgroups. Lang Cogn Process 16:287-308.
95. Kleinhans NM, Müller RA, Cohen DN, Courchesne E (2008): Atypical functional lateralization of language in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res 1221:115-125.
96. Knaus TA, Silver AM, Kennedy M, Lindgren KA, Dominick KC, Siegel J, Tager-Flusberg H (2010): Language laterality in autism spectrum disorder and typical controls: A functional, volumetric, and diffusion tensor MRI study. Brain Lang 112:113-120.
97. Króliczak G, Frey SH (2009): A common network in the left cerebral hemisphere represents planning of tool use pantomimes and familiar intransitive gestures at the hand-independent level. Cereb. Cortex 19:2396-2410.
98. Kurth F, MacKenzie-Graham A, Toga AW, Luders E (2015): Shifting brain asymmetry: The link between meditation and structural lateralization. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 10:55-61.
99. Kwon H, Ow AW, Pedatella KE, Lotspeich LJ, Reiss AL (2004): Voxel-based morphometry elucidates structural neuroanatomy of high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 46:760-764.
100. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Pasco G, Ruigrok AN, Wheelwright SJ, Sadek SA, Chakrabarti B, Baron-Cohen S, Consortium MA (2011): A behavioral comparison of male and female adults with high functioning autism spectrum conditions. PLoS One 6:e20835.
101. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Chakrabarti B, Ecker C, Sadek SA, Wheelwright SJ, Murphy DG, Suckling J, Bullmore ET; MRC AIMS Consortium, Baron-Cohen S. (2012a): Individual differences in brain structure underpin empathizing-systemizing cognitive styles in male adults. Neuroimage 61:1347-1354.
102. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Ruigrok AN, Chakrabarti B, Wheelwright SJ, Auyeung B, Allison C, Baron-Cohen S, Consortium MA (2012b): Cognition in males and females with autism: Similarities and differences. PLoS One 7:e47198.
103. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Chakrabarti B, Baron-Cohen S (2013a): Subgrouping the autism "spectrum": Reflections on DSM-5. PLoS Biol 11:e1001544.
104. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Suckling J, Ruigrok AN, Chakrabarti B, Ecker C, Deoni SC, Craig MC, Murphy DG, Bullmore ET; MRC AIMS Consortium, Baron-Cohen S (2013b): Biological sex affects the neurobiology of autism. Brain 136:2799-2815.
105. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Ecker C, Chakrabarti B, Suckling J, Bullmore ET, Happé F, Murphy DG, Baron-Cohen S, Consortium MA (2014): Neuroanatomy of individual differences in language in adult males with autism. Cereb Cortex 25:3613-3628.
106. Langen M, Durston S, Staal WG, Palmen SJ, van Engeland H (2007): Caudate nucleus is enlarged in high-functioning medication-naive subjects with autism. Biol Psychiatry 62:262-266.
107. Leekam SR, Nieto C, Libby SJ, Wing L, Gould J (2007): Describing the sensory abnormalities of children and adults with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 37:894-910.
108. Lefebvre A, Beggiato A, Bourgeron T, Toro R (2015): Neuroanatomical diversity of corpus callosum and brain volume in autism: Meta-analysis, analysis of the autism brain imaging data exchange project, and simulation. Biol Psychiatry 78:126-134.
109. Lenroot RK, Yeung PK (2013): Heterogeneity within autism spectrum disorders: What have we learned from neuroimaging studies? Front Hum Neurosci 7:733.
110. Lewin J, Kohen D, Mathew G (1993): Handedness in mental handicap: Investigation into populations of Down's syndrome, epilepsy and autism. Br J Psychiatry 163:674-676.
111. Lindell AK, Hudry K (2013): Atypicalities in cortical structure, handedness, and functional lateralization for language in autism spectrum disorders. Neuropsychol Rev 23:257-270.
112. Lombardo MV, Ashwin E, Auyeung B, Chakrabarti B, Taylor K, Hackett G, Bullmore ET, Baron-Cohen S (2012): Fetal testosterone influences sexually dimorphic gray matter in the human brain. J Neurosci 32:674-680.
113. Lombardo MV, Pierce K, Eyler LT, Carter Barnes C, Ahrens-Barbeau C, Solso S, Campbell K, Courchesne E (2015): Different functional neural substrates for good and poor language outcome in autism. Neuron 86:567-577.
114. Lord C, Rutter M, Le Couteur A (1994): Autism diagnostic interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 24:659-685.
115. Lord C, Risi S, Lambrecht L, Cook EH Jr., Leventhal BL, DiLavore PC, Pickles A, Rutter M (2000): The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. J Autism Dev Disord 30:205-223.
116. Luders E, Gaser C, Jancke L, Schlaug G (2004): A voxel-based approach to gray matter asymmetries. Neuroimage 22:656-664.
117. MacDermot KD, Bonora E, Sykes N, Coupe AM, Lai CS, Vernes SC, Vargha-Khadem F, McKenzie F, Smith RL Monaco AP, et al. (2005): Identification of FOXP2 truncation as a novel cause of developmental speech and language deficits. Am J Hum Genet 76:1074-1080.
118. Macintosh KE, Dissanayake C (2004): Annotation: The similarities and differences between autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder: A review of the empirical evidence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 45:421-434.
119. Mar RA (2011): The neural bases of social cognition and story comprehension. Annu Rev Psychol 62:103-134.
120. Marco EJ, Hinkley LB, Hill SS, Nagarajan SS (2011): Sensory processing in autism: A review of neurophysiologic findings. Pediatr Res 69:48R-54R.
121. Mayo J, Chlebowski C, Fein DA, Eigsti IM (2013): Age of first words predicts cognitive ability and adaptive skills in children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 43:253-264.
122. Mazefsky CA, Herrington J, Siegel M, Scarpa A, Maddox BB, Scahill L, White SW (2013): The role of emotion regulation in autism spectrum disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 52:679-688.
123. McCann BS (1981): Hemispheric asymmetries and early infantile autism. J Autism Dev Disord 11:401-411.
124. McManus IC, Murray B, Doyle K, Baron-Cohen S (1992): Handedness in childhood autism shows a dissociation of skill and preference. Cortex 28:373-381.
125. Mellet E, Zago L, Jobard G, Crivello F, Petit L, Joliot M, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2014): Weak language lateralization affects both verbal and spatial skills: An fMRI study in 297 subjects. Neuropsychologia 65:56-62.
126. Mesulam MM (1990): Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory. Ann Neurol 28:597-613.
127. Molfese DL, Molfese VJ (1997): Discrimination of language skills at five years of age using event-related potentials recorded at birth. Dev Neuropsychol 13:135-156.
128. Morisset AS, Dubé MC, Drolet R, Pelletier M, Labrie F, Luu-The V, Tremblay Y, Robitaille J, John Weisnagel S, Tchernof A (2013): Androgens in the maternal and fetal circulation: Association with insulin resistance. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 26:513-519.
129. Mostofsky SH, Dubey P, Jerath VK, Jansiewicz EM, Goldberg MC, Denckla MB (2006): Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 12:314-326.
130. Mottron L, Dawson M, Soulières I, Hubert B, Burack J (2006): Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update, and eight principles of autistic perception. J Autism Dev Disord 36:27-43.
131. Müller RA, Behen ME, Rothermel RD, Chugani DC, Muzik O, Mangner TJ, Chugani HT (1999): Brain mapping of language and auditory perception in high-functioning autistic adults: A PET study. J Autism Dev Disord 29:19-31.
132. Müller RA, Cauich C, Rubio MA, Mizuno A, Courchesne E (2004): Abnormal activity patterns in premotor cortex during sequence learning in autistic patients. Biol Psychiatry 56:323-332.
133. Na DL, Adair JC, Choi SH, Seo DW, Kang Y, Heilman KM (2000): Ipsilesional versus contralesional neglect depends on attentional demands. Cortex 36:455-467.
134. Nielsen JA, Zielinski BA, Fletcher PT, Alexander AL, Lange N, Bigler ED, Lainhart JE, Anderson JS (2014): Abnormal lateralization of functional connectivity between language and default mode regions in autism. Mol Autism 5:8.
135. Niznikiewicz M, Donnino R, McCarley RW, Nestor PG, Iosifescu DV, O'Donnell B, Levitt J, Shenton ME (2000): Abnormal angular gyrus asymmetry in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 157:428-437.
136. Njemanze PC (2005): Cerebral lateralization and general intelligence: Gender differences in a transcranial Doppler study. Brain Lang 92:234-239.
137. Nordahl CW, Lange N, Li DD, Barnett LA, Lee A, Buonocore MH, Simon TJ, Rogers S, Ozonoff S, Amaral DG (2011): Brain enlargement is associated with regression in preschool-age boys with autism spectrum disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:20195-20200.
138. Nummenmaa L, Calder AJ (2009): Neural mechanisms of social attention. Trends Cogn Sci 13:135-143.
139. Oblak AL, Gibbs TT, Blatt GJ (2010): Decreased GABA(B) receptors in the cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus in autism. J Neurochem 114:1414-1423.
140. Oertel-Knöchel V, Linden DE (2011): Cerebral asymmetry in schizophrenia. Neuroscientist 17:456-467.
141. Oldfield RC (1971): The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97-113.
142. Paulesu E, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS (1993): The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature 362:342-345.
143. Petrides M, Alivisatos B, Meyer E, Evans AC (1993): Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:878-882.
144. Poldrack RA (2006): Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data? Trends Cogn Sci 10:59-63.
145. Redcay E, Courchesne E (2008): Deviant functional magnetic resonance imaging patterns of brain activity to speech in 2-3-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Biol Psychiatry 64:589-598.
146. Reite M, Cullum CM, Stocker J, Teale P, Kozora E (1993): Neuropsychological test performance and MEG-based brain lateralization: Sex differences. Brain Res Bull 32:325-328.
147. Ricks DM, Wing L ( 1976): Language, communication, and the use of symbols. In: Wing L, editor. Early Childhood Autism. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 93-134.
148. Rilling JK, Insel TR (1999): The primate neocortex in comparative perspective using magnetic resonance imaging. J Hum E 37:191-223.
149. Rinehart NJ, Bradshaw JL, Brereton AV, Tonge BJ (2002): Lateralization in individuals with high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder: A frontostriatal model. J Autism Dev Disord 32:321-331.
150. Ringo JL (1991): Neuronal interconnection as a function of brain size. Brain Behav E 38:1-6.
151. Rojas DC, Bawn SD, Benkers TL, Reite ML, Rogers SJ (2002): Smaller left hemisphere planum temporale in adults with autistic disorder. Neurosci Lett 328:237-240.
152. Rojas DC, Camou SL, Reite ML, Rogers SJ (2005): Planum temporale volume in children and adolescents with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 35:479-486.
153. Samson AC, Huber O, Gross JJ (2012): Emotion regulation in Asperger's syndrome and high-functioning autism. Emotion 12:659-665.
154. Savic I (2014): Asymmetry of cerebral gray and white matter and structural volumes in relation to sex hormones and chromosomes. Front Neurosci 8:329.
155. Schlaggar BL, Brown TT, Lugar HM, Visscher KM, Miezin FM, Petersen SE (2002): Functional neuroanatomical differences between adults and school-age children in the processing of single words. Science 296:1476-1479.
156. Schlaug G, Jäncke L, Huang Y, Steinmetz H (1995): In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians. Science 267:699-701.
157. Schluter ND, Rushworth MF, Passingham RE, Mills KR (1998): Temporary interference in human lateral premotor cortex suggests dominance for the selection of movements. A study using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain 121:785-799.
158. Sears LL, Vest C, Mohamed S, Bailey J, Ranson BJ, Piven J (1999): An MRI study of the basal ganglia in autism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 23:613-624.
159. Seery AM, Vogel-Farley V, Tager-Flusberg H, Nelson CA (2013): Atypical lateralization of ERP response to native and non-native speech in infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 5:10-24.
160. Seghier ML, Lazeyras F, Pegna AJ, Annoni JM, Zimine I, Mayer E, Michel CM, Khateb A (2004): Variability of fMRI activation during a phonological and semantic language task in healthy subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 23:140-155.
161. Serrien DJ, Cassidy MJ, Brown P (2003): The importance of the dominant hemisphere in the organization of bimanual movements. Hum Brain Mapp 18:296-305.
162. Shah A, Frith U (1993): Why do autistic individuals show superior performance on the block design task? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 34:1351-1364.
163. Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Pugh KR, Constable RT, Skudlarski P, Fulbright RK, Bronen RA, Fletcher JM, Shankweiler DP, Katz L (1995): Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Nature 373:607-609.
164. Silk TJ, Rinehart N, Bradshaw JL, Tonge B, Egan G, O'Boyle MW, Cunnington R (2006): Visuospatial processing and the function of prefrontal-parietal networks in autism spectrum disorders: A functional MRI study. Am J Psychiatry 163:1440-1443.
165. Soper HV, Satz P, Orsini DL, Henry RR, Zvi JC, Schulman M (1986): Handedness patterns in autism suggest subtypes. J Autism Dev Disord 16:155-167.
166. Soulières I, Dawson M, Samson F, Barbeau EB, Sahyoun CP, Strangman GE, Zeffiro TA, Mottron L (2009): Enhanced visual processing contributes to matrix reasoning in autism. Hum Brain Mapp 30:4082-4107.
167. Steinmetz H (1996): Structure, functional and cerebral asymmetry: In vivo morphometry of the planum temporale. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 20:587-591.
168. Steinmetz H, Rademacher J, Huang YX, Hefter H, Zilles K, Thron A, Freund HJ (1989): Cerebral asymmetry: MR planimetry of the human planum temporale. J Comput Assist Tomogr 13:996-1005.
169. Stephan KM, Fink GR, Passingham RE, Silbersweig D, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS (1995): Functional anatomy of the mental representation of upper extremity movements in healthy subjects. J Neurophysiol 73:373-386.
170. Suckling J, Henty J, Ecker C, Deoni SC, Lombardo MV, Baron-Cohen S, Jezzard P, Barnes A, Chakrabarti B, Ooi C, Lai MC, Williams SC, Murphy DG, Bullmore E; MRC AIMS Consortium (2014): Are power calculations useful? A multicentre neuroimaging study. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3569-3577.
171. Sun T, Patoine C, Abu-Khalil A, Visvader J, Sum E, Cherry TJ, Orkin SH, Geschwind DH, Walsh CA (2005): Early asymmetry of gene transcription in embryonic human left and right cerebral cortex. Science 308:1794-1798.
172. Szatmari P, Archer L, Fisman S, Streiner DL, Wilson F (1995): Asperger's syndrome and autism: Differences in behavior, cognition, and adaptive functioning. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:1662-1671.
173. Tager-Flusberg H, Caronna E (2007): Language disorders: Autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatr Clin North Am 54:469-481.
174. Teitelbaum P, Teitelbaum O, Nye J, Fryman J, Maurer RG (1998): Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13982-13987.
175. Thakkar KN, Polli FE, Joseph RM, Tuch DS, Hadjikhani N, Barton JJ, Manoach DS (2008): Response monitoring, repetitive behaviour and anterior cingulate abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Brain 131:2464-2478.
176. Thomason ME, Race E, Burrows B, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Glover GH, Gabrieli JD (2009): Development of spatial and verbal working memory capacity in the human brain. J Cogn Neurosci 21:316-332.
177. Tiffin J, Asher EJ (1948): The Purdue pegboard: Norms and studies of reliability and validity. J Appl Psychol 32:234-247.
178. Tomasi D, Volkow ND (2011): Association between functional connectivity hubs and brain networks. Cereb Cortex 21:2003-2013.
179. Tomchek SD, Dunn W (2007): Sensory processing in children with and without autism: A comparative study using the short sensory profile. Am J Occup Ther 61:190-200.
180. Trehub SE, Henderson JL (1996): Temporal resolution in infancy and subsequent language development. J Speech Hear Res 39:1315-1320.
181. Tzourio N, Nkanga-Ngila B, Mazoyer B (1998): Left planum temporale surface correlates with functional dominance during story listening. Neuroreport 9:829-833.
182. van Kooten IA, Palmen SJ, von Cappeln P, Steinbusch HW, Korr H, Heinsen H, Hof PR, van Engeland H, Schmitz C (2008): Neurons in the fusiform gyrus are fewer and smaller in autism. Brain 131:987-999.
183. Vernes SC, Newbury DF, Abrahams BS, Winchester L, Nicod J, Groszer M, Alarcón M, Oliver PL, Davies KE, Geschwind DH, Monaco AP, Fisher SE (2008): A functional genetic link between distinct developmental language disorders. N Engl J Med 359:2337-2345.
184. Verstynen T, Diedrichsen J, Albert N, Aparicio P, Ivry RB (2005): Ipsilateral motor cortex activity during unimanual hand movements relates to task complexity. J Neurophysiol 93:1209-1222.
185. Verté S, Geurts HM, Roeyers H, Oosterlaan J, Sergeant JA (2006): Executive functioning in children with an autism spectrum disorder: Can we differentiate within the spectrum? J Autism Dev Disord 36:351-372.
186. Volkmann J, Schnitzler A, Witte OW, Freund H (1998): Handedness and asymmetry of hand representation in human motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 79:2149-2154.
187. Wang J, Conder JA, Blitzer DN, Shinkareva SV (2010): Neural representation of abstract and concrete concepts: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1459-1468.
188. Wechsler D ( 1999): Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). New York (NY): The Psychological Corporation.
189. Weissman DH, Banich MT (2000): The cerebral hemispheres cooperate to perform complex but not simple tasks. Neuropsychology 14:41-59.
190. Wicker B, Michel F, Henaff MA, Decety J (1998): Brain regions involved in the perception of gaze: A PET study. Neuroimage 8:221-227.
191. Williams JH, Waiter GD, Gilchrist A, Perrett DI, Murray AD, Whiten A (2006): Neural mechanisms of imitation and "mirror neuron" functioning in autistic spectrum disorder. Neuropsychologia 44:610-621.
192. Wilson CE, Happé F, Wheelwright SJ, Ecker C, Lombardo MV, Johnston P, Daly E, Murphy CM, Spain D, Lai MC, Chakrabarti B, Sauter DA; MRC AIMS Consortium, Baron-Cohen S, Murphy DG (2014): The neuropsychology of male adults with high-functioning autism or asperger syndrome. Autism Res 7:568-581.
193. Wise RJ, Scott SK, Blank SC, Mummery CJ, Murphy K, Warburton EA (2001): Separate neural subsystems within "Wernicke's area." Brain 124:83-95.
194. World Health Organisation (1992): The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
195. Yarkoni T, Poldrack RA, Nichols TE, Van Essen DC, Wager TD (2011): Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data. Nat Methods 8:665-670.
196. Zahn R, Huber W, Drews E, Erberich S, Krings T, Willmes K, Schwarz M (2000): Hemispheric lateralization at different levels of human auditory word processing: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neurosci Lett 287:195-198.