Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 314-326

  Mostofsky, Stewart H ^a,b   Dubey, Prachi ^b   Jerath, Vandna K ^a   Jansiewicz, Eva M ^a   Goldberg, Melissa C ^a,b   Denckla, Martha B ^a,b  

^a KENNEDY KRIEGER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Apraxia; Asperger's; Gesture; Imitation; Motor skills; Praxis

Indexed keywords

BUSPIRONE; CLONIDINE; GUANFACINE; RISPERIDONE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

ARTICLE; ASPERGER SYNDROME; AUTISM; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DYSPRAXIA; GESTURE; HUMAN; IMITATION; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; LEARNING; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; SCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM; SCREENING TEST; TASK PERFORMANCE;

APRAXIAS; ASPERGER SYNDROME; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CHILD; HUMANS; IMITATIVE BEHAVIOR; MALE; OBSERVER VARIATION; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 33745647841     PISSN: 13556177     EISSN: 14697661     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617706060437     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Bailey, A., Luthert, P., Dean, A., Harding, B., Janota, I., Montgomery, M., Rutter, M., & Lantos, P. (1998). A clinicopathological study of autism. Brain, 121, 889-905.
2. Bauman, M. & Kemper, T. (1994). Neuroanatomic observations of the brain in autism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
3. Bland, J.M. & Altman, D.G. (1986). Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. The Lancet, 1, 307-310.
4. Cermak, S.A. (1985). Developmental dyspraxia. In E. Roy (Ed.), Neuropsychological studies of apraxia and related disorders (pp. 225-243). Amsterdam: North-Hollans.
5. Cermak, S.A., Coster, W., & Drake, C. (1980). Representational and nonrepresentational gestures in boys with learning disabilities. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 34, 19-26.
6. Churchill, D. (1978). Language of autistic children. New York: V.H. Winston & Sons.
7. Churchill, D.W. (1972). The relation of infantile autism and early childhood schizophrenia to developmental language disorders of childhood. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 2, 182-197.
8. Clark, M.A., Merians, A.S., Kothari, A., Poizner, H., Macauley, B., Gonzalez Rothi, L.J., & Heilman, K.M. (1994). Spatial planning deficits in limb apraxia. Brain, 117, 1093-1106.
9. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., & Aiken, L.S. (2002). Applied multiple regression/correlation analyses in the behavioral sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10. Daselaar, S.M., Rombouts, S.A., Veltman, D.J., Raaijmakers, J.G., & Jonker, C. (2003). Similar network activated by young and old adults during the acquisition of a motor sequence. Neurobiology of Aging, 24, 1013-1019.
11. De Renzi, E., Motti, F., & Nichelli, P. (1980). Imitating gestures. A quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia. Archives of Neurology, 37, 6-10.
12. DeMyer, M., Alpern, G., Barton, S., DeMyer, W., Churchill, D., Hingtgen, J., Bryson, C., Pontius, W., & Kimberlin, C. (1972). Imitation in autistic, early schizophrenic, and non-psychotic subnormal children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 2, 264-287.
13. DeMyer, M.K., Hingtgen, J.N., & Jackson, R.K. (1981). Infantile autism reviewed: A decade of research. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 7, 388-451.
14. Denckla, M.B. & Roeltgen, D.P. (1992). Disorders of motor function and control. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuro-psychology, Vol. 6 (pp. 455-476). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers.
15. Dewey, D. (1993). Error analysis of limb and orofacial praxis in children with developmental motor deficits. Brain and Cognition, 23, 203-221.
16. Dewey, D. & Kaplan, B.J. (1992). Analysis of praxia task demands in the assessment of children with developmental motor deficits. Developmental Neuropsychology, 8, 367-379.
17. Doyon, J., Penhune, V., & Ungerleider, L.G. (2003). Distinct contribution of the cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar systems to motor skill learning. Neuropsychologia, 41, 252-262.
18. Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R.J. (1993). An introduction to the boot-strap. New York: Chapman & Hall.
19. Fatemi, S.H., Halt, A.R., Realmuto, G., Earle, J., Kist, D.A., Thuras, P., & Merz, A. (2002). Purkinje cell size is reduced in cerebellum of patients with autism. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 22, 171-175.
20. Ghaziuddin, M. & Butler, E. (1998). Clumsiness in autism and Asperger syndrome: A further report. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research: JIDR, 42, 43-48.
21. Ghilardi, M.F., Ghez, C., Dhawan, V., Moeller, J., Mentis, M., Nakamura, T., Antonini, A., & Eidelberg, D. (2000). Patterns of regional brain activation associated with different forms of motor learning. Brain Research, 871, 127-145.
22. Gonzales Rothi, L.J., Raymer, A.M., & Heilman, K.M. (1997). Limb praxis assessment. In L.J. Gonzales Rothi & K.M. Heilman (Eds.), Apraxia: The cognitive neuropsychology of praxis. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
23. Grafton, S.T., Hazeltine, E., & Ivry, R.B. (1998). Abstract and effector-specific representations of motor sequences identified with PET. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 9420-9428.
24. Green, D., Baird, G., Barnett, A.L., Henderson, L., Huber, J., & Henderson, S.E. (2002). The severity and nature of motor impairment in Asperger's syndrome: A comparison with specific developmental disorder of motor function. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 655-668.
25. Gubbay, S.S. (1975). Clumsy children in normal schools. Medical Journal of Australia, 1, 233-236.
26. Haas, R., Townsend, J., Courchesne, E., Lincoln, A., Schriebman, L., & Yeung-Courchesne, R. (1996). Neurologic abnormalities in infantile autism. Journal of Child Neurology, 11, 84-92.
27. Hallett, M., Lebiedowska, M.K., Thomas, S.L., Stanhope, S.J., Denckla, M.B., & Rumsey, J. (1993). Locomotion of autistic adults. Archives of Neurology, 50, 1304-1308.
28. Hammes, J. & Langdell, T. (1981). Precursors of symbol formation and childhood autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11, 331-346.
29. Hanna-Pladdy, B., Daniels, S.K., Fieselman, M.A., Thompson, K., Vasterling, J.J., Heilman, K.M., & Foundas, A.L. (2001a). Praxis lateralization: Errors in right and left hemisphere stroke. Cortex, 37, 219-230.
30. Hanna-Pladdy, B., Heilman, K.M., & Foundas, A.L. (2001b). Cortical and subcortical contributions to ideomotor apraxia: Analysis of task demands and error types. Brain, 124, 2513-2527.
31. Heilman, K.M. & Gonzalez Rothi, L.J. (2003). Apraxia. In K.M.H. a. E. Valenstein (Ed.), Clinical neuropsychology, 4th ed. (pp. 215-235). New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Hertzig, M., Snow, M., & Sherman, M. (1989). Affect and cognition in autism. Journal of the American Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 195-199.
33. Hill, E.L. (1998). A dyspraxic deficit in specific language impairment and developmental coordination disorder? Evidence from hand and arm movements. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 40, 388-395.
34. Jacobs, D.H., Adair, J.C., Williamson, D.J., Na, D.L., Gold, M., Foundas, A.L., Shuren, J.E., Cibula, J.E., & Heilman, K.M. (1999a). Apraxia and motor-skill acquisition in Alzheimer's disease are dissociable. Neuropsychologia, 37, 875-880.
35. Jacobs, D.H., Adair, J.C., Macauley, B., Gold, M., Gonzalez Rothi, L.J., & Heilman, K.M. (1999b). Apraxia in corticobasal degeneration. Brain and Cognition, 40, 336-354.
36. Jansiewicz, E., Goldberg, M.C., Newschaffer, C.J., Denckla, M.B., Landa, R.J., & Mostofsky, S.H. (2006). Motor signs distinguish children with high functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome from controls. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (in press).
37. Jones, V. & Prior, M. (1985). Motor imitation ability and neurological signs in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 15, 37-46.
38. Kaplan, E. (1968). Gestural representation of implement usage: An organic-developmental study. Ph.d. Thesis, Clarke University, Massachusetts.
39. Kaplan, E. (1983). Process and achievement revisited. In S.W.E. Kaplan (Ed.), Toward a holistic developmental psychology (pp. 143-157). Hillsboro, NJ: Erlbaum.
40. Koenker, R. & Bassett, G. (1978). Regression qualities. Econometrica, 46, 33-50.
41. Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E.H.J., Leventhal, B.L., DiLavore, P.C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205-223.
42. Lord, C., Rutter, M., Goode, S., Heemsbergen, J., Jordan, H., Mawhood, L., & Schopler, E. (1989). Autism diagnostic observation schedule: A standardized observation of communicative and social behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 185-212.
43. Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659-685.
44. Manjiviona, J. & Prior, M. (1995). Comparison of Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autistic children on a test of motor impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 23-30.
45. Merians, A.S., Clark, M., Poizner, H., Jacobs, D.H., Adair, J.C., Macauley, B., Gonzales Rothi, L.J., & Heilman, K.M. (1999). Apraxia differs in corticobasal degeneration and left-parietal stroke: A case study. Brain and Cognition, 40, 314-335.
46. Mostofsky, S.H., Goldberg, M.C., Landa, R.J., & Denckla, M.B. (2000). Evidence for a deficit in procedural learning in children and adolescents with autism: Implications for cerebellar contribution. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 752-759.
47. Muller, R.A., Kleinhans, N., Pierce, K., Kemmotsu, N., & Courchesne, E. (2002). Functional MRI of motor sequence acquisition: Effects of learning stage and performance. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research, 14, 277-293.
48. Ohgami, Y., Matsuo, K., Uchida, N., & Nakai, T. (2004). An fMRI study of tool-use gestures: Body part as object and pantomime. Neuroreport, 15, 1903-1909.
49. Ohta, M. (1987). Cognitive disorders of infantile autism: A study employing the WISC, spatial relationships, conceptualization, and gesture imitations. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 45-62.
50. Overton, W. & Jackson, J. (1973). The representation of imagined objects in action sequences: A developmental study. Child Development, 44, 309-314.
51. Pharr, V., Uttl, B., Stark, M., Litvan, I., Fantie, B., & Grafman, J. (2001). Comparison of apraxia in corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology, 56, 957-963.
52. Poizner, H., Clark, M.A., Merians, A.S., Macauley, B., Gonzalez Rothi, L.J., & Heilman, K.M. (1995). Joint coordination deficits in limb apraxia. Brain, 118, 227-242.
53. Rapin, I. (1991). Autistic children: Diagnosis and clinical features. Pediatrics, 87, 751-760.
54. Ritvo, E.R., Freeman, B.J., Scheibel, A.B., Duong, T., Robinson, H., Guthrie, D., et al. (1986). Lower Purkinje cell counts in the cerebella of four autistic subjects: Initial findings of the UCLA-NSAC autopsy research report. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 862-866.
55. Rogers, S. & Pennington, B. (1991). A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism. Development and Psychopathology, 3, 137-163.
56. Rogers, S., Bennetto, L., McEvoy, R., & Pennington, B. (1996). Imitation and pantomime in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Child Development, 67, 2060-2073.
57. Rogers, S.J., Hepburn, S.L., Stackhouse, T., & Wehner, E. (2003). Imitation performance in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 763-781.
58. Roy, E.A., Elliott, D., Dewey, D., & Square-Storer, P. (1990). Impairments to praxis and sequencing in adult and developmental disorders. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
59. Schendan, H.E., Searl, M.M., Melrose, R.J., & Stern, C.E. (2003). An FMRI study of the role of the medial temporal lobe in implicit and explicit sequence learning. Neuron, 37, 1013-1025.
60. Smith, I.M. & Bryson, S.E. (1994). Imitation and action in autism: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 259-273.
61. Stone, W.L., Ousley, O.Y., & Littleford, C.L. (1997). Motor imitation in children with autism: What's the object? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 275-485.
62. Szatmari, P., Archer, L., Fisman, S., Streiner, D.L., & Wilson, F. (1995). Asperger's syndrome and autism: Differences in behavior, cognition, and adaptive functioning. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1662-1671.
63. Teitelbaum, P., Teitelbaum, O., Nye, J., Fryman, J., & Maurer, R.G. (1998). Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism. Proceedings of National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 95, 13982-13987.
64. Thal, D., Tobias, S., & Morrison, D. (1991). Language and gesture in late talkers: A 1-year follow-up. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 34, 604-612.
65. Vilensky, J.A., Damasio, A.R., & Maurer, R.G. (1981). Gait disturbance in patients with autistic behavior. Archives of Neurology, 38, 646-649.
66. Wechsler, D. (1974). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised [WISC-R]. New York: Psychological Corporation.
67. Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
68. Williams, J.H., Whiten, A., & Singh, T. (2004). A systematic review of action imitation in autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 285-299.
69. Williams, J.H., Whiten, A., Suddendorf, T., & Perrett, D.I. (2001). Imitation, mirror neurons and autism. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25, 287-295.
70. Williams, R.S., Hauser, S.L., Purpura, D.P., DeLong, G.R., & Swisher, C.N. (1980). Autism and mental retardation: Neuropathologic studies performed in four retarded persons with autistic behavior. Archives of Neurology, 37, 749-753.
71. Wing, L. (1969). The handicaps of autistic children - a comparative study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10, 1-40.
72. Zoia, S., Pelamatti, G., Cuttini, M., Casotto, V., & Scabar, A. (2002). Performance of gesture in children with and without DCD: Effects of sensory input modalities. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 44, 699-705.