메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 110, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 133-149

Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression: Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism

Author keywords

Depression; Longitudinal; Meta analysis; Narcissism; Self esteem

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; NARCISSISM; RISK FACTOR; SELF CONCEPT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84952989014     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000038     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (145)

References (149)
  • 1
    • 33645986181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal fables, narcissism, and adolescent adjustment
    • Aalsma, M. C., Lapsley, D. K., & Flannery, D. J. (2006). Personal fables, narcissism, and adolescent adjustment. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 481-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.20162
    • (2006) Psychology in the Schools , vol.43 , pp. 481-491
    • Aalsma, M.C.1    Lapsley, D.K.2    Flannery, D.J.3
  • 2
    • 0017891311 scopus 로고
    • Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation
    • Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49
    • (1978) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 49-74
    • Abramson, L.Y.1    Seligman, M.E.P.2    Teasdale, J.D.3
  • 6
    • 33646888013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism
    • Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 440-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.03.002
    • (2006) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.40 , pp. 440-450
    • Ames, D.R.1    Rose, P.2    Anderson, C.P.3
  • 7
    • 67651159084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability, validity and invariance of the Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire for Children-Revised (NPQC-R)
    • Ang, R. P., & Raine, A. (2009). Reliability, validity and invariance of the Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire for Children-Revised (NPQC-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 143-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-008-9112-2
    • (2009) Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment , vol.31 , pp. 143-151
    • Ang, R.P.1    Raine, A.2
  • 8
    • 55349090313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neglected 95%: Why American psychology needs to become less American
    • Arnett, J. J. (2008). The neglected 95%: Why American psychology needs to become less American. American Psychologist, 63, 602-614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.7.602
    • (2008) American Psychologist , vol.63 , pp. 602-614
    • Arnett, J.J.1
  • 10
    • 0029690788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem
    • Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 5-33
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Smart, L.2    Boden, J.M.3
  • 12
    • 23044531316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-enhancement as a buffer against extreme adversity: Civil war in Bosnia and traumatic loss in the United States
    • Bonanno, G. A., Field, N. P., Kovacevic, A., & Kaltman, S. (2002). Self-enhancement as a buffer against extreme adversity: Civil war in Bosnia and traumatic loss in the United States. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 184-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167202282005
    • (2002) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.28 , pp. 184-196
    • Bonanno, G.A.1    Field, N.P.2    Kovacevic, A.3    Kaltman, S.4
  • 13
    • 22544486558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-enhancement among high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attack: Resilience or social maladjustment?
    • Bonanno, G. A., Rennicke, C., & Dekel, S. (2005). Self-enhancement among high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attack: Resilience or social maladjustment? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 984-998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.6.984
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 984-998
    • Bonanno, G.A.1    Rennicke, C.2    Dekel, S.3
  • 15
    • 4544256150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcissism and the nonequivalence of self-esteem measures: A matter of dominance?
    • Brown, R. P., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2004). Narcissism and the nonequivalence of self-esteem measures: A matter of dominance? Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 585-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2003.11.002
    • (2004) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.38 , pp. 585-592
    • Brown, R.P.1    Zeigler-Hill, V.2
  • 16
    • 65649118984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is self-esteem a universal need? Evidence from The People's Republic of China
    • Cai, H., Wu, Q., & Brown, J. D. (2009). Is self-esteem a universal need? Evidence from The People's Republic of China. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 12, 104-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2009.01278.x
    • (2009) Asian Journal of Social Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 104-120
    • Cai, H.1    Wu, Q.2    Brown, J.D.3
  • 17
    • 23044529683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is narcissism really so bad?
    • Campbell, W. K. (2001). Is narcissism really so bad? Psychological Inquiry, 12, 214-216.
    • (2001) Psychological Inquiry , vol.12 , pp. 214-216
    • Campbell, W.K.1
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0344181470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: Questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling
    • Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003). Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: Questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 558-577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.112.4.558
    • (2003) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.112 , pp. 558-577
    • Cole, D.A.1    Maxwell, S.E.2
  • 21
    • 84902456140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manifest variable path analysis: Potentially serious and misleading consequences due to uncorrected measurement error
    • Cole, D. A., & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Manifest variable path analysis: Potentially serious and misleading consequences due to uncorrected measurement error. Psychological Methods, 19, 300-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033805
    • (2014) Psychological Methods , vol.19 , pp. 300-315
    • Cole, D.A.1    Preacher, K.J.2
  • 22
    • 0028469959 scopus 로고
    • Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation
    • Colvin, C. R., & Block, J. (1994). Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 3-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.3
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.116 , pp. 3-20
    • Colvin, C.R.1    Block, J.2
  • 23
    • 0029319828 scopus 로고
    • Overly positive selfevaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health
    • Colvin, C. R., Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (1995). Overly positive selfevaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1152-1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1152
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 1152-1162
    • Colvin, C.R.1    Block, J.2    Funder, D.C.3
  • 24
    • 54249130229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The factor structure of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
    • Corry, N., Merritt, R. D., Mrug, S., & Pamp, B. (2008). The factor structure of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 593-600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223890802388590
    • (2008) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.90 , pp. 593-600
    • Corry, N.1    Merritt, R.D.2    Mrug, S.3    Pamp, B.4
  • 25
    • 0031938682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of recent and past major depression and distress on self-concept and coping
    • Coyne, J. C., Gallo, S. M., Klinkman, M. S., & Calarco, M. M. (1998). Effects of recent and past major depression and distress on self-concept and coping. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 86-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.107.1.86
    • (1998) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.107 , pp. 86-96
    • Coyne, J.C.1    Gallo, S.M.2    Klinkman, M.S.3    Calarco, M.M.4
  • 27
    • 85047683184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingencies of self-worth
    • Crocker, J., & Wolfe, C. T. (2001). Contingencies of self-worth. Psychological Review, 108, 593-623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.593
    • (2001) Psychological Review , vol.108 , pp. 593-623
    • Crocker, J.1    Wolfe, C.T.2
  • 28
    • 64849117931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An emerging epidemic of narcissism or much ado about nothing?
    • Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2009). An emerging epidemic of narcissism or much ado about nothing? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 498-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.010
    • (2009) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.43 , pp. 498-501
    • Donnellan, M.B.1    Trzesniewski, K.H.2    Robins, R.W.3
  • 29
    • 84985877884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selfesteem: Enduring issues and controversies
    • T. Chamorro-Premuzic, S. von Stumm, & A. Furnham (Eds.), Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell
    • Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2011). Selfesteem: Enduring issues and controversies. In T. Chamorro-Premuzic, S. von Stumm, & A. Furnham (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of individual differences (pp. 718-746). Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell.
    • (2011) The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of individual differences , pp. 718-746
    • Donnellan, M.B.1    Trzesniewski, K.H.2    Robins, R.W.3
  • 30
    • 84937163697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of self-esteem
    • G. J. Boyle, D. H. Saklofske, & G. Matthews (Eds.), London, United Kingdom: Elsevier
    • Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2015). Measures of self-esteem. In G. J. Boyle, D. H. Saklofske, & G. Matthews (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological constructs (pp. 131-157). London, United Kingdom: Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00006-1
    • (2015) Measures of personality and social psychological constructs , pp. 131-157
    • Donnellan, M.B.1    Trzesniewski, K.H.2    Robins, R.W.3
  • 31
    • 17444373582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency
    • Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16, 328-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01535.x
    • (2005) Psychological Science , vol.16 , pp. 328-335
    • Donnellan, M.B.1    Trzesniewski, K.H.2    Robins, R.W.3    Moffitt, T.E.4    Caspi, A.5
  • 32
    • 84941002207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedents, consequences, and mechanisms: On the longitudinal interplay between academic selfenhancement and psychological adjustment
    • Advance online publication
    • Dufner, M., Reitz, A. K., & Zander, L. (2014). Antecedents, consequences, and mechanisms: On the longitudinal interplay between academic selfenhancement and psychological adjustment. Journal of Personality. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12128
    • (2014) Journal of Personality
    • Dufner, M.1    Reitz, A.K.2    Zander, L.3
  • 34
    • 0023229829 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism: Theory and measurement
    • Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 11-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 11-17
    • Emmons, R.A.1
  • 36
    • 34547485490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there such things as "Narcissists" in social psychology? A taxometric analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
    • Foster, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2007). Are there such things as "Narcissists" in social psychology? A taxometric analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1321-1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.003
    • (2007) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.43 , pp. 1321-1332
    • Foster, J.D.1    Campbell, W.K.2
  • 37
    • 69849097162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do narcissists take more risks? Testing the roles of perceived risks and benefits of risky behaviors
    • Foster, J. D., Shenesey, J. W., & Goff, J. S. (2009). Why do narcissists take more risks? Testing the roles of perceived risks and benefits of risky behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 885-889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.008
    • (2009) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.47 , pp. 885-889
    • Foster, J.D.1    Shenesey, J.W.2    Goff, J.S.3
  • 38
    • 67949087971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The null hypothesis significancetesting debate and its implications for personality research
    • R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. F. Krueger (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • Fraley, R. C., & Marks, M. J. (2007). The null hypothesis significancetesting debate and its implications for personality research. In R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. F. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 149-169). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • (2007) Handbook of research methods in personality psychology , pp. 149-169
    • Fraley, R.C.1    Marks, M.J.2
  • 40
    • 0016437295 scopus 로고
    • Consequences of prejudice against the null hypothesis
    • Greenwald, A. G. (1975). Consequences of prejudice against the null hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0076157
    • (1975) Psychological Bulletin , vol.82 , pp. 1-20
    • Greenwald, A.G.1
  • 42
    • 26844464467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where is the evidence for pancultural selfenhancement? A reply to Sedikides, Gaertner, and Toguchi (2003)
    • Heine, S. J. (2005). Where is the evidence for pancultural selfenhancement? A reply to Sedikides, Gaertner, and Toguchi (2003). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 531-538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.531
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 531-538
    • Heine, S.J.1
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0033208995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?
    • Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766-794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.766
    • (1999) Psychological Review , vol.106 , pp. 766-794
    • Heine, S.J.1    Lehman, D.R.2    Markus, H.R.3    Kitayama, S.4
  • 46
    • 77951134907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical phenomenology of narcissistic pathology
    • Horowitz, M. (2009). Clinical phenomenology of narcissistic pathology. Psychiatric Annals, 39, 124-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20090301-06
    • (2009) Psychiatric Annals , vol.39 , pp. 124-128
    • Horowitz, M.1
  • 47
    • 67650706330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutoffcriteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
    • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoffcriteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
    • (1999) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.6 , pp. 1-55
    • Hu, L.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 48
    • 0028115279 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism
    • John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.206
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 206-219
    • John, O.P.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 50
    • 0030638601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of stressful life events on depression
    • Kessler, R. C. (1997). The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 191-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.191
    • (1997) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 191-214
    • Kessler, R.C.1
  • 51
    • 0026823199 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between age and depressive symptoms in two national surveys
    • Kessler, R. C., Foster, C., Webster, P. S., & House, J. S. (1992). The relationship between age and depressive symptoms in two national surveys. Psychology and Aging, 7, 119-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.1.119
    • (1992) Psychology and Aging , vol.7 , pp. 119-126
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Foster, C.2    Webster, P.S.3    House, J.S.4
  • 52
    • 0038544162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' versus informants' reports of personality disorders in predicting 7 1/2-year outcome in outpatients with depressive disorders
    • Klein, D. N. (2003). Patients' versus informants' reports of personality disorders in predicting 7 1/2-year outcome in outpatients with depressive disorders. Psychological Assessment, 15, 216-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.15.2.216
    • (2003) Psychological Assessment , vol.15 , pp. 216-222
    • Klein, D.N.1
  • 53
    • 84861673005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rumination mediates the prospective effect of low self-esteem on depression: A five-wave longitudinal study
    • Kuster, F., Orth, U., & Meier, L. L. (2012). Rumination mediates the prospective effect of low self-esteem on depression: A five-wave longitudinal study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 747-759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167212437250
    • (2012) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.38 , pp. 747-759
    • Kuster, F.1    Orth, U.2    Meier, L.L.3
  • 54
    • 84885655443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High self-esteem prospectively predicts better work conditions and outcomes
    • Kuster, F., Orth, U., & Meier, L. L. (2013). High self-esteem prospectively predicts better work conditions and outcomes. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4, 668-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550613479806
    • (2013) Social Psychological and Personality Science , vol.4 , pp. 668-675
    • Kuster, F.1    Orth, U.2    Meier, L.L.3
  • 55
    • 0742323866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconceptualizing individual differences in self-enhancement bias: An interpersonal approach
    • Kwan, V. S. Y., John, O. P., Kenny, D. A., Bond, M. H., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Reconceptualizing individual differences in self-enhancement bias: An interpersonal approach. Psychological Review, 111, 94-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.94
    • (2004) Psychological Review , vol.111 , pp. 94-110
    • Kwan, V.S.Y.1    John, O.P.2    Kenny, D.A.3    Bond, M.H.4    Robins, R.W.5
  • 56
    • 44449142426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing and assessing self-enhancement bias: A componential approach
    • Kwan, V. S. Y., John, O. P., Robins, R. W., & Kuang, L. L. (2008). Conceptualizing and assessing self-enhancement bias: A componential approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 1062-1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.1062
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 1062-1077
    • Kwan, V.S.Y.1    John, O.P.2    Robins, R.W.3    Kuang, L.L.4
  • 57
    • 68249153528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying the sources of self-esteem: The mixed medley of benevolence, merit, and bias
    • Kwan, V. S. Y., Kuang, L. L., & Hui, N. H. H. (2009). Identifying the sources of self-esteem: The mixed medley of benevolence, merit, and bias. Self and Identity, 8, 176-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298860802504874
    • (2009) Self and Identity , vol.8 , pp. 176-195
    • Kwan, V.S.Y.1    Kuang, L.L.2    Hui, N.H.H.3
  • 59
    • 0001378820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits
    • Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
    • (2002) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.9 , pp. 151-173
    • Little, T.D.1    Cunningham, W.A.2    Shahar, G.3    Widaman, K.F.4
  • 61
    • 84881250136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why the items versus parcels controversy needn't be one
    • Little, T. D., Rhemtulla, M., Gibson, K., & Schoemann, A. M. (2013). Why the items versus parcels controversy needn't be one. Psychological Methods, 18, 285-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033266
    • (2013) Psychological Methods , vol.18 , pp. 285-300
    • Little, T.D.1    Rhemtulla, M.2    Gibson, K.3    Schoemann, A.M.4
  • 62
    • 0033658169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research
    • MacCallum, R. C., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 201-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.201
    • (2000) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 201-226
    • MacCallum, R.C.1    Austin, J.T.2
  • 63
    • 33745598300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing differences between nested covariance structure models: Power analysis and null hypotheses
    • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Cai, L. (2006). Testing differences between nested covariance structure models: Power analysis and null hypotheses. Psychological Methods, 11, 19-35.
    • (2006) Psychological Methods , vol.11 , pp. 19-35
    • MacCallum, R.C.1    Browne, M.W.2    Cai, L.3
  • 64
    • 15244345570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A short version of the Self Description Questionnaire II: Operationalizing criteria for short-form evaluation with new applications of confirmatory factor analyses
    • Marsh, H. W., Ellis, L. A., Parada, R. H., Richards, G., & Heubeck, B. G. (2005). A short version of the Self Description Questionnaire II: Operationalizing criteria for short-form evaluation with new applications of confirmatory factor analyses. Psychological Assessment, 17, 81-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.17.1.81
    • (2005) Psychological Assessment , vol.17 , pp. 81-102
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Ellis, L.A.2    Parada, R.H.3    Richards, G.4    Heubeck, B.G.5
  • 65
    • 84883766816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why item parcels are (almost) never appropriate: Two wrongs do not make a right-Camouflaging misspecification with item parcels in CFA models
    • Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Nagengast, B., Morin, A. J. S., & Von Davier, M. (2013). Why item parcels are (almost) never appropriate: Two wrongs do not make a right-Camouflaging misspecification with item parcels in CFA models. Psychological Methods, 18, 257-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032773
    • (2013) Psychological Methods , vol.18 , pp. 257-284
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Lüdtke, O.2    Nagengast, B.3    Morin, A.J.S.4    Von Davier, M.5
  • 66
    • 84899942537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is self-esteem a cause or consequence of social support? A 4-year longitudinal study
    • Marshall, S. L., Parker, P. D., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C. L. (2014). Is self-esteem a cause or consequence of social support? A 4-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 85, 1275-1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12176
    • (2014) Child Development , vol.85 , pp. 1275-1291
    • Marshall, S.L.1    Parker, P.D.2    Ciarrochi, J.3    Heaven, P.C.L.4
  • 67
    • 79551602525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two faces of Narcissus? An empirical comparison of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory
    • Maxwell, K., Donnellan, M. B., Hopwood, C. J., & Ackerman, R. A. (2011). The two faces of Narcissus? An empirical comparison of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 577-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.11.031
    • (2011) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.50 , pp. 577-582
    • Maxwell, K.1    Donnellan, M.B.2    Hopwood, C.J.3    Ackerman, R.A.4
  • 69
    • 84877838867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal effects of work stressors and counterproductive work behavior: A five-wave longitudinal study
    • Meier, L. L., & Spector, P. E. (2013). Reciprocal effects of work stressors and counterproductive work behavior: A five-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 529-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031732
    • (2013) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.98 , pp. 529-539
    • Meier, L.L.1    Spector, P.E.2
  • 70
    • 0027523469 scopus 로고
    • Depressive reactions to failure in a naturalistic setting: A test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression
    • Metalsky, G. I., Joiner, T. E., Jr., Hardin, T. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (1993). Depressive reactions to failure in a naturalistic setting: A test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 101-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.101
    • (1993) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.102 , pp. 101-109
    • Metalsky, G.I.1    Joiner, T.E.2    Hardin, T.S.3    Abramson, L.Y.4
  • 71
    • 33846783999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcissistic personality disorder: Relations with distress and functional impairment
    • Miller, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2007). Narcissistic personality disorder: Relations with distress and functional impairment. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 170-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.10.003
    • (2007) Comprehensive Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 170-177
    • Miller, J.D.1    Campbell, W.K.2    Pilkonis, P.A.3
  • 73
    • 0035623459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model
    • Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_1
    • (2001) Psychological Inquiry , vol.12 , pp. 177-196
    • Morf, C.C.1    Rhodewalt, F.2
  • 75
    • 84884239641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How large are actor and partner effects of personality on relationship satisfaction? The importance of controlling for shared method variance
    • Orth, U. (2013). How large are actor and partner effects of personality on relationship satisfaction? The importance of controlling for shared method variance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 1359-1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167213492429
    • (2013) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.39 , pp. 1359-1372
    • Orth, U.1
  • 76
    • 33751337538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-conscious emotions and depression: Rumination explains why shame but not guilt is maladaptive
    • Orth, U., Berking, M., & Burkhardt, S. (2006). Self-conscious emotions and depression: Rumination explains why shame but not guilt is maladaptive. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1608-1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167206292958
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.32 , pp. 1608-1619
    • Orth, U.1    Berking, M.2    Burkhardt, S.3
  • 78
    • 84925880636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany
    • Orth, U., Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (2015). Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany. Developmental Psychology, 51, 248-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038481
    • (2015) Developmental Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 248-259
    • Orth, U.1    Maes, J.2    Schmitt, M.3
  • 79
    • 84889685156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the link between low self-esteem and depression
    • Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2013). Understanding the link between low self-esteem and depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 455-460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721413492763
    • (2013) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.22 , pp. 455-460
    • Orth, U.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 81
    • 67949088352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling the effects of low self-esteem and stressful events on depression: Findings from three longitudinal studies
    • Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Meier, L. L. (2009). Disentangling the effects of low self-esteem and stressful events on depression: Findings from three longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 307-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015645
    • (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.97 , pp. 307-321
    • Orth, U.1    Robins, R.W.2    Meier, L.L.3
  • 82
    • 51449091845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood
    • Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 695-708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.695
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.95 , pp. 695-708
    • Orth, U.1    Robins, R.W.2    Roberts, B.W.3
  • 83
    • 78649963674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking the trajectory of shame, guilt, and pride across the life span
    • Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Soto, C. J. (2010). Tracking the trajectory of shame, guilt, and pride across the life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 1061-1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021342
    • (2010) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.99 , pp. 1061-1071
    • Orth, U.1    Robins, R.W.2    Soto, C.J.3
  • 84
    • 68949177140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depressive symptoms from young adulthood to old age
    • Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (2009). Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depressive symptoms from young adulthood to old age. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 472-478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015922
    • (2009) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.118 , pp. 472-478
    • Orth, U.1    Robins, R.W.2    Trzesniewski, K.H.3    Maes, J.4    Schmitt, M.5
  • 85
    • 84868635732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-span development of self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes
    • Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Widaman, K. F. (2012). Life-span development of self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 1271-1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025558
    • (2012) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.102 , pp. 1271-1288
    • Orth, U.1    Robins, R.W.2    Widaman, K.F.3
  • 86
    • 84893678138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is low self-esteem a risk factor for depression? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth
    • Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Widaman, K. F., & Conger, R. D. (2014). Is low self-esteem a risk factor for depression? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth. Developmental Psychology, 50, 622-633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033817
    • (2014) Developmental Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 622-633
    • Orth, U.1    Robins, R.W.2    Widaman, K.F.3    Conger, R.D.4
  • 87
    • 77950010174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-esteem development from young adulthood to old age: A cohort-sequential longitudinal study
    • Orth, U., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2010). Self-esteem development from young adulthood to old age: A cohort-sequential longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 645-658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018769
    • (2010) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.98 , pp. 645-658
    • Orth, U.1    Trzesniewski, K.H.2    Robins, R.W.3
  • 88
    • 1242317832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoidance and depression: The construction of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale
    • Ottenbreit, N. D., & Dobson, K. S. (2004). Avoidance and depression: The construction of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 293-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00140-2
    • (2004) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.42 , pp. 293-313
    • Ottenbreit, N.D.1    Dobson, K.S.2
  • 89
    • 0032063861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: A mixed blessing?
    • Paulhus, D. L. (1998). Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: A mixed blessing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1197-1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1197
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 1197-1208
    • Paulhus, D.L.1
  • 90
    • 0038335228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The over-claiming technique: Measuring self-enhancement independent of ability
    • Paulhus, D. L., Harms, P. D., Bruce, M. N., & Lysy, D. C. (2003). The over-claiming technique: Measuring self-enhancement independent of ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 890-904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.890
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 890-904
    • Paulhus, D.L.1    Harms, P.D.2    Bruce, M.N.3    Lysy, D.C.4
  • 94
    • 77952929260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
    • Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
    • (2010) Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 421-446
    • Pincus, A.L.1    Lukowitsky, M.R.2
  • 95
    • 84965520932 scopus 로고
    • The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population
    • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
    • (1977) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.1 , pp. 385-401
    • Radloff, L.S.1
  • 96
    • 0018528365 scopus 로고
    • A narcissistic personality inventory
    • Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
    • (1979) Psychological Reports , vol.45 , pp. 590
    • Raskin, R.N.1    Hall, C.S.2
  • 97
    • 0024004572 scopus 로고
    • A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity
    • Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890-902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 890-902
    • Raskin, R.1    Terry, H.2
  • 98
    • 84902750259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing effect sizes: Random-effects models
    • H. Cooper, L. V. Hedges, & J. C. Valentine (Eds.), New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Raudenbush, S. W. (2009). Analyzing effect sizes: Random-effects models. In H. Cooper, L. V. Hedges, & J. C. Valentine (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (pp. 295-315). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (2009) The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis , pp. 295-315
    • Raudenbush, S.W.1
  • 99
    • 77951663165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of scale reliability with binary measures using latent variable modeling
    • Raykov, T., Dimitrov, D. M., & Asparouhov, T. (2010). Evaluation of scale reliability with binary measures using latent variable modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 17, 265-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705511003659417
    • (2010) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.17 , pp. 265-279
    • Raykov, T.1    Dimitrov, D.M.2    Asparouhov, T.3
  • 100
    • 0030693186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability in global self-esteem and specific self-evaluation as prospective predictors of emotional distress: Specificity in predictors and outcome
    • Roberts, J. E., & Gotlib, I. H. (1997). Temporal variability in global self-esteem and specific self-evaluation as prospective predictors of emotional distress: Specificity in predictors and outcome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 521-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.4.521
    • (1997) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.106 , pp. 521-529
    • Roberts, J.E.1    Gotlib, I.H.2
  • 101
    • 0026856768 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerable self-esteem and depressive symptoms: Prospective findings comparing three alternative conceptualizations
    • Roberts, J. E., & Monroe, S. M. (1992). Vulnerable self-esteem and depressive symptoms: Prospective findings comparing three alternative conceptualizations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 804-812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.5.804
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 804-812
    • Roberts, J.E.1    Monroe, S.M.2
  • 102
    • 0035257024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs
    • Robins, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2001). Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 340-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.340
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 340-352
    • Robins, R.W.1    Beer, J.S.2
  • 103
    • 77952549671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the link between self-esteem and temperament in Mexican origin early adolescents
    • Robins, R. W., Donnellan, M. B., Widaman, K. F., & Conger, R. D. (2010). Evaluating the link between self-esteem and temperament in Mexican origin early adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 403-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.07.009
    • (2010) Journal of Adolescence , vol.33 , pp. 403-410
    • Robins, R.W.1    Donnellan, M.B.2    Widaman, K.F.3    Conger, R.D.4
  • 104
    • 0035587709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
    • Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 151-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272002
    • (2001) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.27 , pp. 151-161
    • Robins, R.W.1    Hendin, H.M.2    Trzesniewski, K.H.3
  • 105
    • 77549083437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V
    • Ronningstam, E. (2009). Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V. Psychiatric Annals, 39, 111-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20090301-09
    • (2009) Psychiatric Annals , vol.39 , pp. 111-121
    • Ronningstam, E.1
  • 107
    • 80052301766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory's validity problems: A meta-analytic investigation-Response to Miller, Maples, and Campbell (this issue)
    • Rosenthal, S. A., Montoya, M., Ridings, L. E., Rieck, S. M., & Hooley, J. M. (2011). Further evidence of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory's validity problems: A meta-analytic investigation-Response to Miller, Maples, and Campbell (this issue). Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 408-416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.06.004
    • (2011) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.45 , pp. 408-416
    • Rosenthal, S.A.1    Montoya, M.2    Ridings, L.E.3    Rieck, S.M.4    Hooley, J.M.5
  • 108
    • 85047673373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing data: Our view of the state of the art
    • Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7, 147-177.
    • (2002) Psychological Methods , vol.7 , pp. 147-177
    • Schafer, J.L.1    Graham, J.W.2
  • 109
    • 53849136227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement invariance: Review of practice and implications
    • Schmitt, N., & Kuljanin, G. (2008). Measurement invariance: Review of practice and implications. Human Resource Management Review, 18, 210-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.03.003
    • (2008) Human Resource Management Review , vol.18 , pp. 210-222
    • Schmitt, N.1    Kuljanin, G.2
  • 110
    • 7244225181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die Messung von Narzissmus als Persönlichkeitskonstrukt: Psychometrische Eigenschaften einer Lang-und einer Kurzform des Deutschen NPI (Narcissistic Personality Inventory)
    • Schütz, A., Marcus, B., & Selin, I. (2004). Die Messung von Narzissmus als Persönlichkeitskonstrukt: Psychometrische Eigenschaften einer Lang-und einer Kurzform des Deutschen NPI (Narcissistic Personality Inventory) [Measuring narcissism as a personality construct: Psychometric properties of a long and a short version of the German Narcissistic Personality Inventory]. Diagnostica, 50, 202-218.
    • (2004) Diagnostica , vol.50 , pp. 202-218
    • Schütz, A.1    Marcus, B.2    Selin, I.3
  • 112
    • 27944483046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancultural selfenhancement reloaded: A meta-analytic reply to Heine (2005)
    • Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Vevea, J. L. (2005). Pancultural selfenhancement reloaded: A meta-analytic reply to Heine (2005). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 539-551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.539
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 539-551
    • Sedikides, C.1    Gaertner, L.2    Vevea, J.L.3
  • 114
    • 0141856573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptoms erode selfesteem in severe mental illness: A three-wave, cross-lagged study
    • Shahar, G., & Davidson, L. (2003). Depressive symptoms erode selfesteem in severe mental illness: A three-wave, cross-lagged study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 890-900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.5.890
    • (2003) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 890-900
    • Shahar, G.1    Davidson, L.2
  • 115
    • 84886248507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
    • Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 213-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028931
    • (2013) Psychological Bulletin , vol.139 , pp. 213-240
    • Sowislo, J.F.1    Orth, U.2
  • 116
    • 84924766844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What constitutes vulnerable self-esteem? Comparing the prospective effects of low, unstable, and contingent self-esteem on depressive symptoms
    • Sowislo, J. F., Orth, U., & Meier, L. L. (2014). What constitutes vulnerable self-esteem? Comparing the prospective effects of low, unstable, and contingent self-esteem on depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 737-753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037770
    • (2014) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.123 , pp. 737-753
    • Sowislo, J.F.1    Orth, U.2    Meier, L.L.3
  • 117
    • 84893131324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later
    • Steiger, A. E., Allemand, M., Robins, R. W., & Fend, H. A. (2014). Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 325-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035133
    • (2014) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.106 , pp. 325-338
    • Steiger, A.E.1    Allemand, M.2    Robins, R.W.3    Fend, H.A.4
  • 118
    • 33847396521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do people's self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life
    • Swann, W. B., Jr., Chang-Schneider, C., & Larsen McClarty, K. (2007). Do people's self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life. American Psychologist, 62, 84-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.84
    • (2007) American Psychologist , vol.62 , pp. 84-94
    • Swann, W.B.1    Chang-Schneider, C.2    Larsen McClarty, K.3
  • 119
    • 0345094317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The next generation of self research
    • M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • Tangney, J. P., & Leary, M. R. (2003). The next generation of self research. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 667-674). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • (2003) Handbook of self and identity , pp. 667-674
    • Tangney, J.P.1    Leary, M.R.2
  • 120
    • 0026841154 scopus 로고
    • Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self-reported aggression
    • Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P., Fletcher, C., & Gramzow, R. (1992). Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self-reported aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 669-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.4.669
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 669-675
    • Tangney, J.P.1    Wagner, P.2    Fletcher, C.3    Gramzow, R.4
  • 121
    • 0026769032 scopus 로고
    • Proneness to shame, proneness to guilt, and psychopathology
    • Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P., & Gramzow, R. (1992). Proneness to shame, proneness to guilt, and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 469-478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.101.3.469
    • (1992) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.101 , pp. 469-478
    • Tangney, J.P.1    Wagner, P.2    Gramzow, R.3
  • 122
    • 0023968228 scopus 로고
    • Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
    • Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.103 , pp. 193-210
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Brown, J.D.2
  • 123
    • 0028473917 scopus 로고
    • Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fact from fiction
    • Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1994). Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 21-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.21
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.116 , pp. 21-27
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Brown, J.D.2
  • 124
    • 79953169112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crosssectional and longitudinal relations between affective instability and depression
    • Thompson, R. J., Berenbaum, H., & Bredemeier, K. (2011). Crosssectional and longitudinal relations between affective instability and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130, 53-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.021
    • (2011) Journal of Affective Disorders , vol.130 , pp. 53-59
    • Thompson, R.J.1    Berenbaum, H.2    Bredemeier, K.3
  • 125
    • 84869216362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The everyday emotional experience of adults with major depressive disorder: Examining emotional instability, inertia, and reactivity
    • Thompson, R. J., Mata, J., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012). The everyday emotional experience of adults with major depressive disorder: Examining emotional instability, inertia, and reactivity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 819-829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027978
    • (2012) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.121 , pp. 819-829
    • Thompson, R.J.1    Mata, J.2    Jaeggi, S.M.3    Buschkuehl, M.4    Jonides, J.5    Gotlib, I.H.6
  • 126
    • 68249159744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Authentic and hubristic pride: The affective core of self-esteem and narcissism
    • Tracy, J. L., Cheng, J. T., Robins, R. W., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2009). Authentic and hubristic pride: The affective core of self-esteem and narcissism. Self and Identity, 8, 196-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298860802505053
    • (2009) Self and Identity , vol.8 , pp. 196-213
    • Tracy, J.L.1    Cheng, J.T.2    Robins, R.W.3    Trzesniewski, K.H.4
  • 127
    • 33748335632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model
    • Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1339-1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167206290212
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.32 , pp. 1339-1351
    • Tracy, J.L.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 128
    • 77956194203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking "Generation Me": A study of cohort effects from 1976-2006
    • Trzesniewski, K. H., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). Rethinking "Generation Me": A study of cohort effects from 1976-2006. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 58-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691609356789
    • (2010) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.5 , pp. 58-75
    • Trzesniewski, K.H.1    Donnellan, M.B.2
  • 129
    • 33645653954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood
    • Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., Moffitt, T. E., Robins, R. W., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2006). Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 42, 381-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.381
    • (2006) Developmental Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 381-390
    • Trzesniewski, K.H.1    Donnellan, M.B.2    Moffitt, T.E.3    Robins, R.W.4    Poulton, R.5    Caspi, A.6
  • 130
    • 38949196752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do today's young people really think they are so extraordinary? An examination of secular trends in narcissism and self-enhancement
    • Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2008a). Do today's young people really think they are so extraordinary? An examination of secular trends in narcissism and self-enhancement. Psychological Science, 19, 181-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02065.x
    • (2008) Psychological Science , vol.19 , pp. 181-188
    • Trzesniewski, K.H.1    Donnellan, M.B.2    Robins, R.W.3
  • 131
    • 57349115834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is "Generation Me" really more narcissistic than previous generations?
    • Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2008b). Is "Generation Me" really more narcissistic than previous generations? Journal of Personality, 76, 903-918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00508.x
    • (2008) Journal of Personality , vol.76 , pp. 903-918
    • Trzesniewski, K.H.1    Donnellan, M.B.2    Robins, R.W.3
  • 133
    • 64749095746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation Me, the origins of birth cohort differences in personality traits, and cross-temporal meta-analysis
    • Twenge, J. M. (2008). Generation Me, the origins of birth cohort differences in personality traits, and cross-temporal meta-analysis. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 1440-1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00094.x
    • (2008) Social and Personality Psychology Compass , vol.2 , pp. 1440-1454
    • Twenge, J.M.1
  • 135
    • 77952422009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth cohort differences in the Monitoring the Future Dataset and elsewhere: Further evidence for Generation Me-Commentary on Trzesniewski & Donnellan (2010)
    • Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Birth cohort differences in the Monitoring the Future Dataset and elsewhere: Further evidence for Generation Me-Commentary on Trzesniewski & Donnellan (2010). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 81-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691609357015
    • (2010) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.5 , pp. 81-88
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Campbell, W.K.2
  • 136
    • 77952426612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students, 1982-2009
    • Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2010). Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students, 1982-2009. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 99-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550609355719
    • (2010) Social Psychological and Personality Science , vol.1 , pp. 99-106
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Foster, J.D.2
  • 137
    • 49549087398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
    • Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76, 875-902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x
    • (2008) Journal of Personality , vol.76 , pp. 875-902
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Konrath, S.2    Foster, J.D.3    Campbell, W.K.4    Bushman, B.J.5
  • 138
    • 33646779531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impulsivity and the self-defeating behavior of narcissists
    • Vazire, S., & Funder, D. C. (2006). Impulsivity and the self-defeating behavior of narcissists. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 154-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_4
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.10 , pp. 154-165
    • Vazire, S.1    Funder, D.C.2
  • 139
    • 15344340580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eine revidierte Fassung der deutschsprachigen Skala zum Selbstwertgefühl nach Rosenberg
    • von Collani, G., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2003). Eine revidierte Fassung der deutschsprachigen Skala zum Selbstwertgefühl nach Rosenberg [A revised German version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale]. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 24, 3-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0170-1789.24.1.3
    • (2003) Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie , vol.24 , pp. 3-7
    • von Collani, G.1    Herzberg, P.Y.2
  • 140
    • 0028919330 scopus 로고
    • Testing a tripartite model: II. Exploring the symptom structure of anxiety and depression in student, adult, and patient samples
    • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: II. Exploring the symptom structure of anxiety and depression in student, adult, and patient samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 15-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.104.1.15
    • (1995) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.104 , pp. 15-25
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2    Weber, K.3    Assenheimer, J.S.4    Strauss, M.E.5    McCormick, R.A.6
  • 141
    • 0027650633 scopus 로고
    • Narcissistic Personality Inventory factors, splitting, and self-consciousness
    • Watson, P. J., & Biderman, M. D. (1993). Narcissistic Personality Inventory factors, splitting, and self-consciousness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, 41-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6101_4
    • (1993) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.61 , pp. 41-57
    • Watson, P.J.1    Biderman, M.D.2
  • 143
    • 77951655160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factorial invariance within longitudinal structural equation models: Measuring the same construct across time
    • Widaman, K. F., Ferrer, E., & Conger, R. D. (2010). Factorial invariance within longitudinal structural equation models: Measuring the same construct across time. Child Development Perspectives, 4, 10-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00110.x
    • (2010) Child Development Perspectives , vol.4 , pp. 10-18
    • Widaman, K.F.1    Ferrer, E.2    Conger, R.D.3
  • 144
    • 84857278743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On creating and using short forms of scales in secondary research
    • K. H. Trzesniewski, M. B. Donnellan, & R. E. Lucas (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Widaman, K. F., Little, T. D., Preacher, K. J., & Sawalani, G. M. (2011). On creating and using short forms of scales in secondary research. In K. H. Trzesniewski, M. B. Donnellan, & R. E. Lucas (Eds.), Secondary data analysis: An introduction for psychologists (pp. 39-61). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/12350-003
    • (2011) Secondary data analysis: An introduction for psychologists , pp. 39-61
    • Widaman, K.F.1    Little, T.D.2    Preacher, K.J.3    Sawalani, G.M.4
  • 145
    • 60749089686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This mood is familiar and I don't deserve to feel better anyway: Mechanisms underlying self-esteem differences in motivation to repair sad moods
    • Wood, J. V., Heimpel, S. A., Manwell, L. A., & Whittington, E. J. (2009). This mood is familiar and I don't deserve to feel better anyway: Mechanisms underlying self-esteem differences in motivation to repair sad moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 363-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012881
    • (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.96 , pp. 363-380
    • Wood, J.V.1    Heimpel, S.A.2    Manwell, L.A.3    Whittington, E.J.4
  • 146
    • 0141818392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Savoring versus dampening: Self-esteem differences in regulating positive affect
    • Wood, J. V., Heimpel, S. A., & Michela, J. L. (2003). Savoring versus dampening: Self-esteem differences in regulating positive affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 566-580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.566
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 566-580
    • Wood, J.V.1    Heimpel, S.A.2    Michela, J.L.3
  • 148
    • 84876825980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptoms in university freshmen: Longitudinal relations with contingent self-esteem and level of self-esteem
    • Wouters, S., Duriez, B., Luyckx, K., Klimstra, T., Colpin, H., Soenens, B., & Verschueren, K. (2013). Depressive symptoms in university freshmen: Longitudinal relations with contingent self-esteem and level of self-esteem. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 356-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.03.001
    • (2013) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.47 , pp. 356-363
    • Wouters, S.1    Duriez, B.2    Luyckx, K.3    Klimstra, T.4    Colpin, H.5    Soenens, B.6    Verschueren, K.7
  • 149
    • 79959951694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The connections between self-esteem and psychopathology
    • Zeigler-Hill, V. (2011). The connections between self-esteem and psychopathology. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 41, 157-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10879-010-9167-8
    • (2011) Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy , vol.41 , pp. 157-164
    • Zeigler-Hill, V.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.