Why the items versus parcels controversy needn't be one

Psychological Methods

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 285-300

  Little, Todd D ^a   Rhemtulla, Mijke ^a   Gibson, Kimberly ^a   Schoemann, Alexander M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

CFA; Items; Parcels; Scales; SEM

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PSYCHOMETRY; STATISTICS;

FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; HUMANS; PSYCHOMETRICS; STATISTICS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84881250136     PISSN: 1082989X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0033266     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Alhija, F. N.-A., & Wisenbaker, J. (2006). A Monte Carlo study investigating the impact of item parceling strategies on parameter estimates and their standard errors in CFA. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 204-228
2. Bagozzi, R. P., & Edwards, J. R. (1998). A general approach to representing constructs in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 1, 45-87
3. Bagozzi, R. P., & Heatherton, T. F. (1994). A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state selfesteem. Structural Equation Modeling, 1, 35-67
4. Bandalos, D. L. (2002). The effects of item parceling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 78-102
5. Bandalos, D. L. (2008). Is parceling really necessary A comparison of results from item parceling and categorical variable methodology. Structural Equation Modeling, 15, 211-240
6. Bandalos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2001). Item parceling issues in structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.), New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling (pp. 269-296). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Box, G. E. P. (1979). Some problems of statistics and everyday life. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 1-4
8. Cattell, R. B. (1956). Validation and intensification of the sixteen personality factor questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12, 205-214
9. Cattell, R. B. (1961). Theory of situational, instrument, second order, and refraction factors in personality structure research. Psychological Bulletin, 58, 160-174
10. Cattell, R. B., & Burdsal, C. A., Jr. (1975). The radial parceling double factoring design: A solution to the item-vs.-parcel controversy. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 10, 165-179
11. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2001). The effects of model parsimony and sampling error on the fit of structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods, 4, 236-264
12. Coffman, D. L., & MacCallum, R. C. (2005). Using parcels to convert path analysis models into latent variable models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 40, 235-259
13. Gibson, K. A. (2012). Covariance algebra of parcels (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS. Retrieved from http://www.crmda.ku.edu
14. Graham, J. W. (2004, July). Creating parcels for multi-dimensional constructs in structural equation modeling. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Multivariate Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences, Jena, Germany.
15. Graham, J. W., Tatterson, J. W., & Widaman, K. F. (2000, October). Creating parcels for multi-dimensional constructs in structural equation modeling. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology, Saratoga Springs, NY.
16. Hagtvet, K. A., & Nasser, F. M. (2004). How well do item parcels represent conceptually defined latent constructs A two-facet approach. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 168-193
17. Haig, B. D. (2013). The philosophy of quantitative methods. In T. D. Little (Ed.), Oxford handbook of quantitative methods (Vol. 1, pp. 7-31). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
18. Hall, R. J., Snell, A. F., & Foust, M. S. (1999). Item parceling strategies in SEM: Investigating the subtle effects of unmodeled secondary constructs. Organizational Research Methods, 2, 233-256
19. Hau, K.-T., & Marsh, H. W. (2004). The use of item parcels in structural equation modeling: Non-normal data and small sample sizes. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 57, 327-351
20. Kim, S., & Hagtvet, K. A. (2003). The impact of misspecified item parceling on representing latent variables in covariance structure mod-eling: A simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling, 10, 101-127
21. Kishton, J. M., & Widaman, K. F. (1994). Unidimensional versus domain representative parceling of questionnaire items: An empirical example. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54, 757-765
22. Landis, R. S., Beal, D. J., & Tesluk, P. E. (2000). A comparison of approaches to forming composite measures in structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 186-207
23. Ledgerwood, A., & Shrout, P. E. (2011). The trade-offbetween accuracy and precision in latent variable models of mediation processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 1174-1188
24. Little, T. D. (2013). Longitudinal structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
25. Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151-173
26. Little, T. D., Lindenberger, U., & Nesselroade, J. R. (1999). On selecting indicators for multivariate measurement and modeling with latent variables: When good indicators are bad and bad indicators are good. Psychological Methods, 4, 192-211
27. Little, T. D., Slegers, D. W., & Card, N. A. (2006). A non-arbitrary method of identifying and scaling latent variables in SEM and MACS models. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 59-72.
28. MacCallum, R. C., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 201-226
29. MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 4, 84-99
30. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Balla, J. R., & Grayson, D. (1998). Is more ever too much: The number of indicators per factor in confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 33, 181-220
31. Matsunaga, M. (2008). Item parceling in structural equation modeling: A primer. Communication Methods and Measures, 2, 260-293
32. McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
33. Meade, A. W., & Kroustalis, C. M. (2006). Problems with item parceling for confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance. Organizational Research Methods, 9, 369-403
34. Nasser, F., & Takahashi, T. (2003). The effect of using item parcels on ad hoc goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: An example using Sarason's reactions to tests. Applied Measurement in Education, 16, 75-97
35. Nasser, F., & Wisenbaker, J. (2003). A Monte Carlo study investigating the impact of item parceling on measures of fit in confirmatory factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63, 729-757
36. Nesselroade, J. R., Gerstorf, D., Hardy, S. A., & Ram, N. (2007). Idiographic filters for psychological constructs. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 5, 217-235.
37. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
38. Pornprasertmanit, S., Miller, P. J., & Schoemann, A. M. (2013). semTools: Useful tools for structural equation modeling Version 0.3-2 [Computer software]. Comprehensive R Archive Network. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas.
39. Rogers, W. M., & Schmitt, N. (2004). Parameter recovery and model fit using multidimensional composites: A comparison of four empirical parceling algorithms. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 379-412
40. Rushton, J. P., Brainerd, C. J., & Pressley, M. (1983). Behavioral development and construct validity: The principle of aggregation. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 18-38
41. Sass, D. A., & Smith, P. L. (2006). The effects of parceling unidimensional scales on structural parameter estimates in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 566-586
42. Sterba, S., & MacCallum, R. C. (2010). Variability in parameter estimates and model fit across repeated allocations of items to parcels. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45, 322-358
43. Williams, L. J., & O'Boyle, E. H., Jr. (2008). Measurement models for linking latent variables and indicators: A review of human resource management research using parcels. Human Resource Management Review, 18, 233-242
44. Yang, C., Nay, S., & Hoyle, R. H. (2010). Three approaches to using lengthy ordinal scales in structural equation models: Parceling, latent scoring, and shortening scales. Applied Psychological Measurement, 34, 122-142
45. Yuan, K.-H., Bentler, P. M., & Kano, Y. (1997). On averaging variables in a confirmatory factor analysis model. Behaviormetrika, 24, 71-83
46. Yuan, K.-H., & Schuster, C. (2013). Overview of statistical estimation methods. In T. D. Little (Ed.), Oxford handbook of quantitative methods in psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 361-387). New York, NY: Oxford University Press