Understanding the Link Between Low Self-Esteem and Depression

Current Directions in Psychological Science

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 455-460

  Orth, Ulrich ^a   Robins, Richard W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

depression; longitudinal; self esteem; vulnerability model

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889685156     PISSN: 09637214     EISSN: 14678721     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0963721413492763     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Abramson L. Y.,Seligman M. E. P.,Teasdale J. D.Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1978;87:49-74.
2. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.Washington, DC: Author; 2000:.
3. Baumeister R. F.,Campbell J. D.,Krueger J. I.,Vohs K. D.Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?.Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2003;4:1-44.
4. Beck A. T.Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York, NY: Harper & Row; 1967:.
5. Coyne J. C.,Gallo S. M.,Klinkman M. S.,Calarco M. M.Effects of recent and past major depression and distress on self-concept and coping.Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1998;107:86-96.
6. Handbook of depression. Gotlib I. H.Hammen C. L., ed. New York, NY: Guilford; 2009:.
7. Hammen C.Stress and depression.Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2005;1:293-319.
8. Hankin B. L.,Fraley R. C.,Lahey B. B.,Waldman I. D.Is depression best viewed as a continuum or discrete category? A taxometric analysis of childhood and adolescent depression in a population-based sample.Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2005;114:96-110.
9. Hankin B. L.,Lakdawalla Z.,Carter I. L.,Abela J. R. Z.,Adams P.Are neuroticism, cognitive vulnerabilities and self-esteem overlapping or distinct risks for depression? Evidence from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology. 2007;26:29-63.
10. Kernis M. H.,Whisenhunt C. R.,Waschull S. B.,Greenier K. D.,Berry A. J.,Herlocker C. E.,Anderson C. A.Multiple facets of self-esteem and their relations to depressive symptoms.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1998;24:657-668.
11. Klein D. N.,Kotov R.,Bufferd S. J.Personality and depression: Explanatory models and review of the evidence.Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2011;7:269-295.
12. Kuster F.,Orth U.,Meier L. L.Rumination mediates the prospective effect of low self-esteem on depression: A five-wave longitudinal study.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2012;38:747-759.
13. Kwan V. S. Y.,Bond M. H.,Singelis T. M.Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction: Adding relationship harmony to self-esteem.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1997;73:1038-1051.
14. Metalsky G. I.,Joiner T. E.,Hardin T. S.,Abramson L. Y.Depressive reactions to failure in a naturalistic setting: A test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression.Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1993;102:101-109.
15. O'Mara A. J.,Marsh H. W.,Craven R. G.,Debus R. L.Do self-concept interventions make a difference? A synergistic blend of construct validation and meta-analysis.Educational Psychologist. 2006;41:181-206.
16. Ormel J.,Oldehinkel A.J.,Vollebergh W.Vulnerability before, during, and after a major depressive episode.Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004;61:990-996.
17. Orth U.,Robins R. W.,Meier L. L.Disentangling the effects of low self-esteem and stressful events on depression: Findings from three longitudinal studies.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;97:307-321.
18. Orth U.,Robins R. W.,Roberts B. W.Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2008;95:695-708.
19. Orth U.,Robins R. W.,Trzesniewski K. H.,Maes J.,Schmitt M.Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depressive symptoms from young adulthood to old age.Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2009;118:472-478.
20. Orth U.,Robins R. W.,Widaman K. F.Life-span development of self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2012;102:1271-1288.
21. Orth U.,Robins R. W.,Widaman K. F.,Conger R. D.Is low self-esteem a risk factor for depression? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.Developmental Psychology. in press;:.
22. Ottenbreit N. D.,Dobson K. S.Avoidance and depression: The construction of the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale.Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2004;42:293-313.
23. Roberts J. E.,Gotlib I. H.Temporal variability in global self-esteem and specific self-evaluation as prospective predictors of emotional distress: Specificity in predictors and outcome.Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1997;106:521-529.
24. Roberts J. E.,Monroe S. M.The interactional nature of depression: Advances in interpersonal approaches. Joiner T.Coyne J. C., ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 1999:149-187.
25. Shahar G.,Davidson L.Depressive symptoms erode self-esteem in severe mental illness: A three-wave, cross-lagged study.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2003;71:890-900.
26. Shahar G.,Henrich C. C.Do depressive symptoms erode self-esteem in early adolescence?.Self and Identity. 2010;9:403-415.
27. Sowislo J. F.,Orth U.Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Psychological Bulletin. 2013;139:213-240.
28. Sowislo J. F.,Orth U.,Meier L. L.Comparing the effects of low, unstable, and contingent self-esteem on depression: Two longitudinal studies. 2012;:.
29. Steiger A. E.,Allemand M.,Robins R. W.,Fend H. A.Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predicts adult depression two decades later. 2012;:.
30. Swann W. B.,Chang-Schneider C.,McClarty K. L.Do people's self-views matter?.American Psychologist. 2007;62:84-94.
31. Trzesniewski K. H.,Donnellan M. B.,Moffitt T. E.,Robins R. W.,Poulton R.,Caspi A.Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood.Developmental Psychology. 2006;42:381-390.
32. Trzesniewski K. H.,Donnellan M. B.,Robins R. W.Stability of self-esteem across the life span.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;84:205-220.
33. Watson D.,Suls J.,Haig J.Global self-esteem in relation to structural models of personality and affectivity.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;83:185-197.
34. Wood J. V.,Heimpel S. A.,Manwell L. A.,Whittington E. J.This mood is familiar and I don't deserve to feel better anyway: Mechanisms underlying self-esteem differences in motivation to repair sad moods.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;96:363-380.
35. Wood J. V.,Heimpel S. A.,Michela J. L.Savoring versus dampening: Self-esteem differences in regulating positive affect.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;85:566-580.
36. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, Switzerland: Author; 2008:.
37. Zeigler-Hill V.The connections between self-esteem and psychopathology.Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 2011;41:157-164.