A review of exfoliated graphite

Journal of Materials Science

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 554-568

  Chung, D D L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELLULAR MANUFACTURING;

CELLULAR STRUCTURE; DEGREE OF SEPARATION; EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE; EXFOLIATION PROCESS; GRAPHITE NANOPLATELETS; LIQUID PERMEABILITY; MECHANICAL AGITATION; RELATIVE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT;

GRAPHITE;

EID: 84946488596     PISSN: 00222461     EISSN: 15734803     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-015-9284-6     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. Chung DDL (1987) Exfoliation of graphite. J Mater Sci 22(12):4190–4198. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8267-6_4
2. Boehm H (2010) Graphene-how a laboratory curiosity suddenly became extremely interesting. Angew Chem Int Ed 49(49):9332–9335
3. Ahmadi-Moghadam B, Taheri F (2014) Effect of processing parameters on the structure and multi-functional performance of epoxy/GNP-nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 49(18):6180–6190. doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8332-y
4. Inagaki M, Qiu J, Guo Q (2015) Carbon foam: preparation and application. Carbon 87:128–152
5. Herold A, Petitjean D, Furdin G, Klatt M (1994) Exfoliation of graphite intercalation compounds: classification and discussion of the processes from new experimental data relative to graphite-acid compounds. Mater Sci Forum 152–153(Soft Chemistry Routes to New Materials):281–287
6. Anderson SH, Chung DDL (1984) Exfoliation of intercalated graphite. Carbon 22(3):253–263
7. Anderson SH, Chung DDL (1983) Exfoliation of single crystal graphite and graphite fibers intercalated with halogens. Synth Met 8:343–349
8. Chung DDL (1987) Intercalate vaporization during the exfoliation of graphite intercalated with bromine. Carbon 25(3):361–365
9. Chung DDL (2002) Review graphite. J Mater Sci 37(8):1475–1489. doi:10.1023/A:1014915307738
10. Dresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G (2002) Intercalation compounds of graphite. Adv Phys 51(1):1–186
11. Inagaki M, Kang F, Toyoda M (2004) Exfoliation of graphite via intercalation compounds. Chem Phys Carbon 29:1–69
12. Flandrois S, Hauw C, Mathur RB (1989–1990) Charge transfer in acceptor graphite intercalation compounds. Synth Met 34(1–3):399–404
13. van Heerden X, Badenhorst H (2015) The influence of three different intercalation techniques on the microstructure of exfoliated graphite. Carbon 88:173–184
14. Terence MC, Silva EE, Carrio JAG (2014) Electrochemically exfoliated graphene. J. Nano Res 29:29–33
15. Park S, Kim S (2014) Preparation and capacitive property of graphene nanosheets prepared by using an electrostatic method. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14(10):7784–7787
16. Zhang C, Lv W, Xie X, Tang D, Liu C, Yang Q (2013) Towards low temperature thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide for graphene production. Carbon 62:11–24
17. Mishra AK, Srinath C, Jain PK, Padya B, Chopkar M (2013) Characterization of intermediates in the synthesis of reduced graphene-oxide through sequential de-oxygenation. NanoTrends 14(2):1–9
18. Owens FJ (2015) Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy evidence for oxidation-induced decomposition of graphite. Mol Phys 113(11):1280–1283
19. Anderson SH, Chung DDL (1984) Graphite ribbons formed from graphite fibers. Carbon 22(6):613–614
20. Daumas N, Herold A (1969) Relations between phase concept and reaction mechanics in graphite insertion compounds. C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci C 268:373–382
21. Heerschap M, Delavignette P, Amelinckx S (1964) Electron microscope study of interlamellar compounds of graphite with bromine, iodine monochloride and ferric chloride. Carbon 1:235–238
22. Heerschap M, Delavignette P (1967) Electron-microscopy study of the ferric chloride/graphite compound. Carbon 5:383–384
23. Saidaminov MI, Maksimova NV, Sorokina NE, Avdeev VV (2013) Effect of graphite nitrate exfoliation conditions on the released gas composition and properties of exfoliated graphite. Inorg Mater 49(9):883–888
24. Yu K (2011) Preparation of exfoliated graphite by microwave using natural graphite with different particle sizes. Adv Mater Res (Zuerich, Switzerland) 163–167(Pt. 3, Advances in Structures):2333–2336
25. Zhao Q, Cheng X, Wu J, Yu X (2014) Sulfur-free exfoliated graphite with large exfoliated volume: Preparation, characterization and its adsorption performance. J Ind Eng Chem (Amst Neth) 20(6):4028–4032
26. Sykam Nagaraju, Kar Kamal K (2014) Rapid synthesis of exfoliated graphite by microwave irradiation and oil sorption studies. Mater Lett 117:150–152
27. Huczko A, Dabrowska A, Labedz O, Soszynski M, Bystrzejewski M, Baranowski P, Bhatta R, Pokhrel B, Kafle BP, Stelmakh S, Gierlotka S, Dyjak S (2014) Facile and fast combustion synthesis and characterization of novel carbon nanostructures. Phys Status Solidi B 251(12):2563–2568
28. Tanaike O, Yamada Y, Kodama M, Miyajima N (2012) Exfoliation of graphite by pyrolysis of bromine-graphite intercalation compounds in a vacuum glass tube. J Phys Chem Solids 73(12):1420–1423
29. Kovtyukhova NI, Wang Y, Berkdemir A, Cruz-Silva R, Terrones M, Crespi VH, Mallouk TE (2014) Non-oxidative intercalation and exfoliation of graphite by Bronsted acids. Nat Chem 6(11):957–963
30. Celzard A, Mareche JF, Furdin G (2005) Modelling of exfoliated graphite. Prog Mater Sci 50(1):93–179
31. Chen P, Chung DDL (2013) Viscoelastic behavior of the cell wall of exfoliated graphite. Carbon 61:305–312
32. Wang A, Chung DDL (2014) Dielectric and electrical conduction behavior of carbon paste electrochemical electrodes, with decoupling of carbon, electrolyte and interface contributions. Carbon 72:135–151
33. Bardhan KK, Wu JC, Culik JS, Anderson SH, Chung DDL (1980) Kinetics of intercalation and desorption in graphite. Synth Met 2:57
34. Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Sattar H, Brown NW, Roberts EPL (2014) Environmentally friendly preparation of exfoliated graphite. J Ind Eng Chem (Amst Neth) 20(4):1936–1941
35. Liu D, Liang J (2014) Preparation of expandable graphite by ozone oxidation method. Adv Mater Res (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) 1051(Applied Engineering Decisions in the Context of Sustainable Development):121–124
36. Zhao J, Li X, Guo Y, Ma D (2014) Preparation and microstructure of exfoliated graphite with large expanding volume by two-step intercalation. Adv Mater Res (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) 852:101–105
37. Zhao J, Li X, Guo Y, Ma D, Li Y (2014) Microstructure and millimeter-wave attenuation performance of exfoliated graphite with different expanding volume. Key Eng Mater 609–610(Micro-Nano Technology XV):3–7
38. Zhao J, Li X, Guo Y, Ma D (2014) Preparation and microstructure of exfoliated graphite with large expanding volume by two-step intercalation. Adv Mater Res (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) 852(Material Science and Advanced Technologies in Manufacturing):101–105
39. Hong X, Chung DDL (2015) Exfoliated graphite with relative dielectric constant reaching 360, obtained by exfoliation of acid-intercalated graphite flakes without subsequent removal of the residual acidity. Carbon 91:1–10
40. Ndlovu T, Arotiba OA, Sampath S, Krause RW, Mamba BB (2012) Reactivities of modified and unmodified exfoliated graphite electrodes in selected redox systems. Int J Electrochem Sci 7(10):9441–9453
41. 4-graphite intercalation compounds. Mater Lett 64(9):1007–1009
42. 2-graphite intercalation compound effected by thermal treatment. Solid State Ionics 181(13–14):653–658
43. Ovsiienko I, Lazarenko O, Matzui L, Brusylovets O, Le Normand F, Shames A (2014) Influence of chemical treatment on the microstructure of nanographite. Phys Status Solidi A 211(12):2765–2772
44. Guadagno L, Raimondo M, Vertuccio L, Mauro M, Guerra G, Lafdi K, De Vivo B, Lamberti P, Spinelli G, Tucci V (2015) Optimization of graphene-based materials outperforming host epoxy matrices. RSC Adv 5(46):36969–36978
45. She Y, Lu Z, Ni M, Li L, Leung MKH (2015) Facile synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon from ionic liquid as metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(13):7214–7221
46. Mar M, Ahmad Y, Dubois M, Guerin K, Batisse N, Hamwi A (2015) Dual C-F bonding in fluorinated exfoliated graphite. J Fluor Chem 174:36–41
47. Wang G, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Fan J, Ma L (2010) Sorption and regeneration of magnetic exfoliated graphite as a new sorbent for oil pollution. Desalination 263(1–3):183–188
48. Ionov SG, Avdeev VV, Kuvshinnikov SV, Pavlova EP (2000) Physical and chemical properties of flexible graphite foils. Mol Cryst Liquid Cryst Sci Technol A 340(349–54):29
49. Wei XH, Liu L, Zhang JX, Shi JL, Guo QG (2010) Mechanical, electrical, thermal performances and structure characteristics of flexible graphite sheets. J Mater Sci 45:2449–2455. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4216-y
50. Chung DDL (2000) Flexible graphite for gasketing, adsorption, electromagnetic interference shielding, vibration damping, electrochemical applications, and stress sensing. J Mater Eng Perform 9(2):161–163
51. Chugh R, Chung DDL (2002) Flexible graphite as a heating element. Carbon 40(13):2285–2289
52. Chen P, Chung DDL (2012) Dynamic mechanical properties of flexible graphite made from exfoliated graphite. Carbon 50:283–289
53. Luo X, Chugh R, Biller BC, Hoi YM, Chung DDL (2002) Electronic applications of flexible graphite. J Electron Mater 31(5):535–544
54. Luo X, Chung DDL (1996) Electromagnetic interference shielding reaching 130 dB using flexible graphite. Carbon 34(10):1293–1294
55. Chung DDL (2001) Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon materials. Carbon 39(2):279–285
56. Kitaoka S, Wada M, Nagai T, Osa N, Konno T (2011) Increasing the thermal diffusivity of flexible graphite sheets by superheated steam treatment. J Mater Sci 46(4):1132–1135. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4991-5
57. Kobayashi M, Toda H, Takeuchi A, Uesugi K, Suzuki Y (2012) Three-dimensional evaluation of the compression and recovery behavior in a flexible graphite sheet by synchrotron radiation microtomography. Mater Charact 69:52–62
58. Chung DDL (2012) Carbon materials for structural self-sensing, electromagnetic shielding and thermal interfacing. Carbon 50:3342–3353
59. Chung DDL, Takizawa Y (2012) Performance of isotropic and anisotropic heat spreaders. J Electron Mater 41(9):2580–2587
60. Rogacheva AE, Kharitonov AP, Vinogradov AS, Teplyakov VV (2010) Gas permeability properties of modified membranes based on exfoliated graphite. Desalin Water Treat 14(1–3):192–195
61. Chen P, Chung DDL (2014) Thermal and electrical conduction in the compaction direction of exfoliated graphite and their relation to the structure. Carbon 77:538–550
62. Chung DDL (2014) Interface-derived extraordinary viscous behavior of exfoliated graphite. Carbon 68:646–652
63. Chen P, Chung DDL (2015) Elastomeric behavior of exfoliated graphite, as shown by instrumented indentation testing. Carbon 81:505–513
64. Fu W, Chung DDL (2001) Vibration reduction ability of polymers, particularly polymethylmethacrylate and polytetrafluoroethylene. Polym Polym Compos 9(6):423–426
65. Muthusamy S, Wang S, Chung DDL (2010) Unprecedented vibration damping with high values of loss modulus and loss tangent, exhibited by cement-matrix graphite network composite. Carbon 48(5):1457–1464
66. Chen P, Chung DDL (2013) Comparative evaluation of cement-matrix composites with distributed versus networked exfoliated graphite. Carbon 63:446–453
67. Filimonov SV, Sorokina NE, Yashchenko NV, Malakho AP, Avdeev VV (2013) Thermal properties of high-porosity monoliths based on exfoliated graphite. Inorg Mater 49(4):340–346
68. Gao L, Tu H (2014) Research on oilfield produced water treatment by moderately compressed exfoliated graphite blocks. Appl Mech Mater 468(Research on Material Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering):53–56
69. Ndlovu T, Arotiba OA, Sampath S, Krause RW, Mamba BB (2011) Electrochemical detection and removal of lead in water using poly(propylene imine) modified re-compressed exfoliated graphite electrodes. J Appl Electrochem 41(12):1389–1396
70. Lin C, Chung DDL (2009) Graphite nanoplatelet pastes versus carbon black pastes as thermal interface materials. Carbon 47(1):295–305
71. Xiang J, Drzal LT (2011) Thermal conductivity of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet paper. Carbon 49(3):773–778
72. Ferreira CI, Bianchi O, Oviedo MAS, Bof-de-Oliveira RV, Mauler RS (2013) Morphological, viscoelastic and mechanical characterization of polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanocomposites. Polimeros Ciencia e Tecnologia 23(4):456–461
73. Sykam N, Gautam RK, Kar KK (2015) Electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of exfoliated graphite/phenolic resin composite bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Polym Eng Sci 55(4):917–923
74. Valentini M, Piana F, Pionteck J, Lamastra FR, Nanni F (2015) Electromagnetic properties and performance of exfoliated graphite (EG)—thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites at microwaves. Compos Sci Technol 114:26–33
75. Boehle M, Lafdi K, Zinsser E, Collins P (2010) Exfoliated graphite as a filler to enhance the electromagnetic interference shielding of polymers. J Sci Conf Proc 2(1):3–7
76. Avila AF, Munhoz VC, de Oliveira AM, Santos MCG, Lacerda GRBS, Goncalves CP (2014) Nano-based systems for oil spills control and cleanup. J Hazard Mater 272:20–27
77. Kujawski M, Pearse JD, Smela E (2010) Elastomers filled with exfoliated graphite as compliant electrodes. Carbon 48(9):2409–2417
78. Yu L, Zhang Y, Shang J, Ke S, Tong W, Shen B, Huang H (2012) Electrical and dielectric properties of exfoliated graphite/polyimide composite films with low percolation threshold. J Electron Mater 41(9):2439–2446
79. Yu L, Zhang Y, Tong W, Shang J, Lv F, Chu PK, Guo W (2012) Hierarchical composites of conductivity controllable polyaniline layers on the exfoliated graphite for dielectric application. Composites A 43(11):2039–2045
80. 2/exfoliated graphite synthesized by ultrasonic vibration. J Electroanal Chem 719:98–105
81. 2/exfoliated graphite composite electrode as supercapacitors. J Alloys Compd 487(1–2):564–567
82. Focke WW, Badenhorst H, Ramjee S, Kruger HJ, Van Schalkwyk R, Rand B (2014) Graphite foam from pitch and expandable graphite. Carbon 73:41–50
83. Jana P, Fierro V, Pizzi A, Celzard A (2014) Biomass-derived, thermally conducting, carbon foams for seasonal thermal storage. Biomass Bioenergy 67:312–318
84. Tikhomirov AS, Sorokina NE, Shornikova ON, Morozov VA, Van Tendeloo G, Avdeev VV (2010) The chemical vapor infiltration of exfoliated graphite to produce carbon/carbon composites. Carbon 49(1):147–153
85. Chen P, Chung DDL (2013) Mechanical energy dissipation using cement-based materials with admixtures. ACI Mater J 110(3):279–290
86. Fu X, Chung DDL (1996) Vibration damping admixtures for cement. Cem Concr Res 26(1):69–75
87. Chung DDL (2002) Improving cement-based materials by using silica fume. J Mater Sci 37(4):673–682. doi:10.1023/A:1013889725971
88. Song X, Shi Z, Tan X, Zhang S, Liu G, Wu K (2014) One-step solvent exfoliation of graphite to produce a highly-sensitive electrochemical sensor for tartrazine. Sens Actuators B 197:104–108
89. Ma C, Ma C, Wang J, Wang H, Shi J, Song Y, Guo Q, Liu L (2014) Exfoliated graphite as a flexible and conductive support for Si-based Li-ion battery anodes. Carbon 72:38–46
90. 2-exfoliated graphite (EG) and its catalytic performance. Ceramics Int 40(10 Part B):16183–16187
91. 3+) composites: preparation, characterization and catalytic performance in CO conversion. Materials 3:572–584
92. Savchenko DV, Ionov SG, Sizov AI (2010) Properties of carbon-carbon composites based on exfoliated graphite. Inorg Mater 46(2):132–138
93. Sharma M, Chung DDL (2015) Solder-graphite network composite sheets as high-performance thermal interface materials. J Electron Mater 44(3):929–947
94. Leong C, Aoyagi Y, Chung DDL (2006) Carbon black pastes as coatings for improving thermal gap-filling materials. Carbon 44(3):435–440
95. Wang H, Liu Z, Chen X, Han P, Dong S, Cui G (2011) Exfoliated graphite nanosheets/carbon nanotubes hybrid materials for superior performance supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 15(6):1179–1184
96. Kim M, Hwang S, Kim B, Baek J, Shin H, Park HW, Park Y, Bae I, Lee S (2014) Modeling, processing, and characterization of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet-nylon 6 composite fibers. Composites B 66:511–517
97. Karevan M, Kalaitzidou K (2013) Understanding the property enhancement mechanism in exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Compos Interfaces 20(4):255–268
98. Duguay AJ, Kiziltas A, Nader JW, Gardner DJ, Dagher HJ (2014) Impact properties and rheological behavior of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet-filled impact modified polypropylene nanocomposites. J Nanopart Res 16(3):2307/1–2307/11
99. King JA, Via MD, Morrison FA, Wiese KR, Beach EA, Cieslinski MJ, Bogucki GR (2012) Characterization of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets/polycarbonate composites: electrical and thermal conductivity, and tensile, flexural, and rheological properties. J Compos Mater 46(9):1029–1039
100. Alzari V, Mariani A, Monticelli O, Valentini L, Nuvoli D, Piccinini M, Scognamillo S, Bon SB, Illescas J (2010) Stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels containing partially exfoliated graphite. J Polym Sci A 48(23):5375–5381
101. Patsidis AC, Kalaitzidou K, Psarras GC (2014) Graphite nanoplatelets/polymer nanocomposites: thermomechanical, dielectric, and functional behavior. J Therm Anal Calorim 116(1):41–49
102. Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Solamy F, Al-Ghamdi AA, El-Tantawy F (2013) Electromagnetic wave shielding and microwave absorbing properties of hybrid epoxy resin/foliated graphite nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 127(3):2227–2234
103. Kim M, Yan J, Joo K, Pandey JK, Kang Y, Ahn S (2013) Synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets for electromagnetic interference shielding and soundproofing. J Appl Polym Sci 130(6):3947–3951
104. Shui X, Chung DDL (1997) Nickel filament polymer-matrix composites with low surface impedance and high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. J Electron Mater 26(8):928–934
105. He F, Lam K, Fan J, Chan LH (2014) Improved dielectric properties for chemically functionalized exfoliated graphite nanoplates/syndiotactic polystyrene composites prepared by a solution-blending method. Carbon 80:496–503
106. Patsidis AC, Kalaitzidou K, Psarras GC (2012) Dielectric response, functionality and energy storage in epoxy nanocomposites: barium titanate vs. exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. Mater Chem Phys 135(2–3):798–805
107. Cho D, Hwang JH (2013) Elastomeric coating of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets with amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile): characterization and its epoxy toughening effect. Adv Polymer Technol 32(4):21366/1–21366/8
108. Song SH, Jeong HK, Kang YG (2010) Preparation and characterization of exfoliated graphite and its styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites. J Ind Eng Chem (Amst Neth) 16(6):1059–1065
109. Jeong S, Chang SJ, We S, Kim S (2015) Energy efficient thermal storage montmorillonite with phase change material containing exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 139:65–70
110. Wu C, Pu N, Liao C, Wu B, Liu Y, Ger M (2015) High-electrical-resistivity thermally-conductive phase change materials prepared by adding nanographitic fillers into paraffin. Microelectron Eng 138:91–96
111. Mallow A, Abdelaziz O, Kalaitzidou K, Graham S (2012) Investigation of the stability of paraffin-exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet composites for latent heat thermal storage systems. J Mater Chem 22(46):24469–24476
112. Huang J, Wang TY, Wang CH, Rao ZH (2011) Exfoliated graphite/paraffin nanocomposites as phase change materials for thermal energy storage application. Mater Res Innov 15(6):422–427
113. Xiang J, Drzal LT (2011) Investigation of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) in improving thermal conductivity of paraffin wax-based phase change material. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 95(7):1811–1818
114. Jeong S, Jeon J, Chung O, Kim S, Kim S (2013) Evaluation of PCM/diatomite composites using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) to improve thermal properties. J Therm Anal Calorim 114(2):689–698
115. Jeong S, Chung O, Yu S, Kim S, Kim S (2013) Improvement of the thermal properties of Bio-based PCM using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 117:87–92
116. Idumah CI, Hassan A, Affam AC (2015) A review of recent developments in flammability of polymer nanocomposites. Rev Chem Eng 31(2):149–177
117. Inuwa IM, Hassan A, Wang D, Samsudin SA, Mohamad Haafiz MK, Wong SL, Jawaid M (2014) Influence of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets on the flammability and thermal properties of polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 110:137–148
118. Pedrazzoli D, Pegoretti A, Kalaitzidou K (2014) Synergistic effect of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets and short glass fiber on the mechanical and interfacial properties of epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 98:15–21
119. Kim M, Kang G, Park HW, Park Y, Park Y, Yoon KH (2012) Design, manufacturing, and characterization of high-performance lightweight bipolar plates based on carbon nanotube-exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet hybrid nanocomposites. J Nanomater 2012:115
120. Yang Y, Wang C, Chen M, Shi Z, Zheng J (2010) Facile synthesis of mesophase pitch/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets nanocomposite and its application as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Chem 183(9):2116–2120
121. Sherif EM, Latief FH, Junaedi H, Almajid AA (2012) Influence of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets particles additions and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites. Int J Electrochem Sci 7(5):4352–4361
122. Latief FH, Sherif EM, Almajid AA, Junaedi H (2011) Fabrication of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets-reinforced aluminum composites and evaluating their mechanical properties and corrosion behavior. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 92(2):485–492
123. Sherif EM, Almajid AA, Latif FH, Junaedi H (2011) Effects of graphite on the corrosion behavior of aluminum-graphite composite in sodium chloride solutions. Int J Electrochem Sci 6(4):1085–1099
124. Kim J, Lee J, Choi Y, Kim S, Moon HJ, Yoon D (2013) Confirmation of the performance of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets for pollutant reduction rate on wood panel. J Compos Mater 47(8):1039–1044, 6
125. Lee J, Kim J, Kim S, Kim JT (2013) Thermal extractor analysis of VOCs emitted from building materials and evaluation of the reduction performance of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. Indoor Built Environ 22(1):68–76, 9
126. 2 onto exfoliated graphite oxide sheets and its application for removal of amaranth. Appl Surf Sci 317:1080–1089
127. Rider AN, An Q, Thostenson ET, Brack N (2014) Ultrasonicated-ozone modification of exfoliated graphite for stable aqueous graphitic nanoplatelet dispersions. Nanotechnology 25(49):495607/1–495607/12
128. Ion I, Sirbu F, Ion AC (2015) Thermophysical investigations of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets and active carbon in binary aqueous environments at different temperatures. J Mater Sci 50(2):587–598. doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8616-2
129. Ion AC, Alpatova A, Ion I, Culetu A (2011) Study on phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions on exfoliated graphitic nanoplatelets. Mater Sci Eng B 176(7):588–595
130. Park EJ, Park SD, Bang IC, ParkY Park HW (2012) Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluids based on exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnPs). Mater Lett 81:193–197
131. Do I, Drzal LT (2014) Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of Pt nanoparticles onto exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets for fuel cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(15):12126–12136
132. Lin C, Chung DDL (2007) Effect of carbon black structure on the effectiveness of carbon black thermal interface pastes. Carbon 45(15):2922–2931