Improved Performance of Photomultiplication Polymer Photodetectors by Adjustment of P3HT Molecular Arrangement

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Volumn 7, Issue 40, 2015, Pages 22660-22668

  Wang, Wenbin ^a   Zhang, Fujun ^a   Li, Lingliang ^a   Gao, Mile ^a   Hu, Bin ^a,b  

^a BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b University of Tennessee   (United States)

Author keywords

mobility; photomultiplication; polymer photodetectors; self assembly; tunneling injection

Indexed keywords

BUTYRIC ACID; CARRIER MOBILITY; PHOTODETECTORS; PHOTONS; POLYMERS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

CHARGE CARRIER TUNNELING; GRAZING-INCIDENCE X-RAY DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR ARRANGEMENTS; PHOTOMULTIPLICATION; POLY (3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); POLYMER PHOTODETECTORS; SELF ASSEMBLY PROCESS; TUNNELING INJECTION;

SELF ASSEMBLY;

EID: 84944316873     PISSN: 19448244     EISSN: 19448252     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07522     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Dong, H. L.; Zhu, H. F.; Meng, Q.; Gong, X.; Hu, W. P. Organic Photoresponse Materials and Devices Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 1754-1808 10.1039/C1CS15205J
2. Baeg, K. J.; Binda, M.; Natali, D.; Caironi, M.; Noh, Y. Y. Organic Light Detectors: Photodiodes and Phototransistors Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 4267-4295 10.1002/adma.201204979
3. Rauch, T.; Boberl, M.; Tedde, S. F.; Furst, J.; Kovalenko, M. V.; Hesser, G. N.; Lemmer, U.; Heiss, W.; Hayden, O. Near-Infrared Imaging with Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Organic Photodiodes Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 332-336 10.1038/nphoton.2009.72
4. Su, Z. S.; Hou, F. H.; Wang, X.; Gao, Y.; Jin, F. M.; Zhang, G.; Li, Y. T.; Zhang, L. G.; Chu, B.; Li, W. L. High-Performance Organic Small-Molecule Panchromatic Photodetectors ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 2529-2534 10.1021/am5074479
5. Li, L. L.; Zhang, F. J.; An, Q. S.; Wang, Z. X.; Wang, J.; Tang, A. W.; Peng, H. S.; Xu, Z.; Wang, Y. S. Organic Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on Phosphorescent Material Opt. Lett. 2013, 38, 3823-3826 10.1364/OL.38.003823
6. Gong, X.; Tong, M. H.; Xia, Y. J.; Cai, W. Z.; Moon, J. S.; Cao, Y.; Yu, G.; Shieh, C. L.; Nilsson, B.; Heeger, A. J. High-Detectivity Polymer Photodetectors with Spectral Response from 300 to 1450 nm Science 2009, 325, 1665-1667 10.1126/science.1176706
7. Lee, H.; Nam, S.; Kwon, H.; Lee, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, W.; Lee, C.; Jeong, J.; Kim, H.; Shin, T. J.; Kim, Y. Solution-Processable All-Small Molecular Bulk HeterojunctionFilms for Stable Organic Ohotodetectors: Near UV and Visible Light Sensing J. Mater. Chem. C 2015, 3, 1513-1520 10.1039/C4TC02194K
8. Lin, H. W.; Ku, S. Y.; Su, H. C.; Huang, C. W.; Lin, Y. T.; Wong, K. T.; Wu, C. C. Highly Efficient Visible-Blind Organic Ultraviolet Photodetectors Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 2489-2493 10.1002/adma.200401622
9. Baierl, D.; Pancheri, L.; Schmidt, M.; Stoppa, D.; Dalla Betta, G. F.; Scarpa, G.; Lugli, P. A Hybrid CMOS-Imager with a Solution-Processable Polymer as Photoactive Layer Nat. Commun. 2012, 3, 1175 10.1038/ncomms2180
10. Konstantatos, G.; Sargent, E. H. Nanostructured Materials for Photon Detection Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 391-400 10.1038/nnano.2010.78
11. Chen, F. C.; Chien, S. C.; Cious, G. L. Highly Sensitive, Low-voltage, Organic Photomultiple Photodetectors Exhibiting Broadband Response Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 103301 10.1063/1.3488017
12. Lee, J. W.; Kim, D. Y.; So, F. Unraveling the Gain Mechanism in High Performance Solution-Processed PbS Infrared PIN Photodiodes Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 1233-1238 10.1002/adfm.201403673
13. Guo, F. W.; Yang, B.; Yuan, Y. B.; Xiao, Z. G.; Dong, Q. F.; Bi, Y.; Huang, J. S. A Nanocomposite Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on Interfacial Trap-Controlled Charge Injection Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 798-802 10.1038/nnano.2012.187
14. Saran, R.; Stolojan, V.; Curry, R. J. Ultrahigh Performance C60 Nanorod Large Area Flexible Photoconductor Devices via Ultralow Organic and Inorganic Photodoping Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5041 10.1038/srep05041
15. Nevet, A.; Hayat, A.; Orenstein, M. Ultrafast Three-Photon Counting in a Photomultiplier Tube Opt. Lett. 2011, 36, 725-727 10.1364/OL.36.000725
16. Hayden, O.; Agarwal, R.; Lieber, C. M. Nanoscale Avalanche Photodiodes for Highly Sensitive and Spatially Resolved Photon Detection Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 352-356 10.1038/nmat1635
17. Reynaert, J.; Arkhipov, V. I.; Heremans, P.; Poortmans, J. Photomultiplication in Disordered Unipolar Organic Materials Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 784-790 10.1002/adfm.200500578
18. Pettersson, L. A. A.; Roman, L. S.; Inganäs, O. Quantum Efficiency of Exciton-to-Charge Generation in Organic Photovoltaic Devices J. Appl. Phys. 2001, 89, 5564 10.1063/1.1359425
19. Hiramoto, M.; Imahigashi, T.; Yokoyama, M. Photocurrent Multiplication in Organic Pigment Films Appl. Phys. Lett. 1994, 64, 187-189 10.1063/1.111527
20. Hammond, W. T.; Xue, J. G. Organic Heterojunction Photodiodes Exhibiting Low Voltage, Imaging-Speed Photocurrent Gain Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 073302 10.1063/1.3481407
21. Chen, H. Y.; Lo, M. K. F.; Yang, G. W.; Monbouquette, H. G.; Yang, Y. Nanoparticle-Assisted High Photoconductive Gain in Composites of Polymer and Fullerene Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 543-547 10.1038/nnano.2008.206
22. 71BM Based Photodetectors by Trap-Assisted Photomultiplication Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 9181 10.1038/srep09181
23. Li, L. L.; Zhang, F. J.; Wang, W. B.; An, Q. S.; Wang, J.; Sun, Q. Q.; Zhang, M. Trap-Assisted Photomultiplication Polymer Photodetectors Obtaining an External Quantum Efficiency of 37500% ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 5890-5897 10.1021/acsami.5b00041
24. Li, G.; Yao, Y.; Yang, H.; Shrotriya, V.; Yang, G.; Yang, Y. Solvent Annealing Effect in Polymer Solar Cells Based on Poly (3-hexylthiophene) and Methanofullerenes Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17, 1636-1644 10.1002/adfm.200600624
25. Kline, R. J.; Mcgehee, M. D.; Toney, M. F. Highly Oriented Crystals at the Buried Interface in Polythiophene Thin-Film Transistors Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 222-228 10.1038/nmat1590
26. Yang, H. H.; LeFevre, S. W.; Ryu, C. Y.; Bao, Z. N. Solubility-Driven Thin Film Structures of Regioregular Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) Using Volatile Solvents Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 172116 10.1063/1.2734387
27. Lilliu, S.; Agostinelli, T.; Pires, E.; Hampton, M.; Nelson, J.; Macdonald, J. E. Dynamics of Crystallization and Disorder during Annealing of P3HT/PCBM Bulk Heterojunctions Macromolecules 2011, 44, 2725-2734 10.1021/ma102817z
28. Brinkmann, M. Structure and Morphology Control in Thin Films of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2011, 49, 1218-1233 10.1002/polb.22310
29. Chueh, C. C.; Yao, K.; Yip, H. L.; Chang, C. Y.; Xu, Y. X.; Chen, K. S.; Li, C. Z.; Liu, P.; Huang, F.; Chen, Y. W.; Chen, W. C.; Jen, A. K. Y. Non-Halogenated Solvents for Environmentally Friendly Processing of High-Performance Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 3241-3248 10.1039/c3ee41915k
30. Loiudice, A.; Rizzo, A.; Latini, G.; Nobile, C.; de Giorgi, M.; Gigli, G. Graded Vertical Phase Separation of Donor/Acceptor Species for Polymer Solar Cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 100, 147-152 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.01.006
31. Wang, W. B.; Zhang, F. J.; Li, L. L.; Zhang, M.; An, Q. S.; Wang, J.; Sun, Q. Q. Highly sensitive polymer photodetectors with a broad spectral response range from UV light to the near infrared region J. Mater. Chem. C 2015, 3, 7386-7393 10.1039/C5TC01383F
32. Kiriy, N.; Jahne, E.; Adler, H. J.; Schneider, M.; Kiriy, A.; Gorodyska, G.; Minko, S.; Jehnichen, D.; Simon, P.; Fokin, A. A.; Stamm, M. One-Dimensional Aggregation of Regioregular Polyalkylthiophenes Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 707-712 10.1021/nl0341032
33. Gurau, M. C.; Delongchamp, D. M.; Vogel, B. M.; Lin, E. K.; Fischer, D. A.; Sambasivan, S.; Richter, L. J. Measuring Molecular Order in Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Thin Films with Polarizing Spectroscopies Langmuir 2007, 23, 834-842 10.1021/la0618972
34. Li, L. G.; Lu, G. H.; Yang, X. N. Improving Performance of Polymer Photovoltaic Devices Using an Annealing-Free Approach via Construction of Ordered Aggregates in Solution J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 1984-1990 10.1039/b719945g
35. Zhang, F. J.; Zhuo, Z. L.; Zhang, J.; Wang, X.; Xu, X. W.; Wang, Z. X.; Xin, Y. S.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Tang, W. H.; Xu, Z.; Wang, Y. S. Influence of PC60BM or PC70BM as Electron Acceptor on the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 97, 71-77 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.09.006
36. Xu, X. W.; Zhang, F. J.; Zhang, J.; Wang, H.; Zhuo, Z. L.; Liu, Y.; Wang, J.; Wang, Z. X.; Xu, Z. High Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Different Annealing Treatment Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2012, 32, 685-691 10.1016/j.msec.2012.01.008
37. Li, Y.; Huang, H. H.; Wang, M. J.; Nie, W. Y.; Huang, W. X.; Fang, G. J.; Carroll, D. L. Spectral Response of Fiber-Based Organic Photovoltaics Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 98, 273-276 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.10.033
38. Cha, H.; Chung, D. S.; Bae, S. Y.; Lee, M. J.; An, T. K.; Hwang, J.; Kim, K. H.; Kim, Y. H.; Choi, D. H.; Park, C. E. Complementary Absorbing Star-Shaped Small Molecules for the Preparation of Ternary Cascade Energy Structures in Organic Photovoltaic Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 1556-1565 10.1002/adfm.201201913
39. Malliaras, G.; Salem, J.; Brock, P.; Scott, C. Electrical Characteristics and Efficiency of Single-Layer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1998, 58, R13411 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R13411
40. Campbell, I. H.; Crone, B. K. Bulk Photoconductive Gain in Poly(phenylene vinylene) Based Diodes J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 101, 024502 10.1063/1.2422909
41. Li, J. H.; Sun, Z. H.; Yan, F. Solution Processable Low-Voltage Organic Thin Film Transistors with High-k Relaxor Ferroelectric Polymer as Gate Insulator Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 88-93 10.1002/adma.201103542
42. Yang, H. C.; Shin, T. J.; Yang, L.; Cho, K.; Ryu, C. Y.; Bao, Z. N. Effect of Mesoscale Crystalline Structure on the Field-Effect Mobility of Regioregular Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) in Thin-Film Transistors Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 671-676 10.1002/adfm.200400297
43. Chang, J. F.; Sun, B. Q.; Breiby, D. W.; Nielsen, M. M.; Solling, T. I.; Giles, M.; McCulloch, I.; Sirringhaus, H. Enhanced Mobility of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Transistors by Spin-Coating From High-Boiling-Point Solvents Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 4772-4776 10.1021/cm049617w
44. Sirringhaus, H.; Brown, P. J.; Friend, R. H.; Nielsen, M. M.; Bechgaard, K.; Langeveld-Voss, B. M. W.; Spiering, A. J. H.; Janssen, R. A. J.; Meijer, E. W.; Herwig, P.; de Leeuw, D. M. Two-Dimensional Charge Transport in Self-Organized, High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers Nature 1999, 401, 685-688 10.1038/44359
45. Kim, Y.; Cook, S.; Tuladhar, S. M.; Choulis, S. A.; Nelson, J.; Durrant, J. R.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Giles, M.; Mcculloch, I.; Ha, C. S.; Ree, M. A Strong Regioregularity Effect in Self-Organizing Conjugated Polymer Films and High-Efficiency Polythiophene: Fullerene Solar Cells Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 197-203 10.1038/nmat1574
46. Tumbleston, J. R.; Collins, B. A.; Yang, L.; Stuart, A. C.; Gann, E.; Ma, W.; You, W.; Ade, H. The Influence of Molecular Orientation on Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Nat. Photonics 2014, 8, 385-391 10.1038/nphoton.2014.55
47. Dou, L. T.; Yang, Y.; You, J. B.; Hong, Z. R.; Chang, W. H.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. Solution-Processed Hybrid Perovskite Photodetectors with High Detectivity Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 5404 10.1038/ncomms6404