Inhaled nitric oxide: Current clinical concepts

Nitric Oxide - Biology and Chemistry

Volumn 50, Issue , 2015, Pages 114-128

  Bhatraju, Pavan ^a   Crawford, Jack ^b   Hall, Michael ^a   Lang, John D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

ARDS; Inhaled nitric oxide; Injury; Ischemia; Lung injury; Nitric oxide; Nitrite; Pulmonary hypertension; Reperfusion; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

NITRIC OXIDE;

ACUTE CHEST SYNDROME; ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATION; HEART ARREST; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE; LUNG ARTERY PRESSURE; LUNG DYSPLASIA; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; NONHUMAN; OXYGENATION; PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SICKLE CELL ANEMIA; SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE;

EID: 84943419652     PISSN: 10898603     EISSN: 10898611     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.08.007     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. R.M. Palmer, A.G. Ferrige, and S. Moncada Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor Nature 327 1987 524 526
2. H. Rubbo, V. Darley-Usmar, and B.A. Freeman Nitric oxide regulation of tissue free radical injury Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9 1996 809 820
3. J.E. Lee, S.C. Hillier, and C.A. Knoderer Use of sildenafil to facilitate weaning from inhaled nitric oxide in children with pulmonary hypertension following surgery for congenital heart disease J. Intensiv. Care Med. 23 2008 329 334
4. M. Mathru, R. Huda, D.R. Solanki, S. Hays, and J.D. Lang Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates reperfusion inflammatory responses in humans Anesthesiology 106 2007 275 282
5. Y. Abe, I. Hines, G. Zibari, and M.B. Grisham Hepatocellular protection by nitric oxide or nitrite in ischemia and reperfusion injury Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 484 2009 232 237
6. Inhaled nitric oxide in full-term and nearly full-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure N. Engl. J. Med. 336 1997 597 604
7. S. Moncada, M.W. Radomski, and R.M. Palmer Endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Identification as nitric oxide and role in the control of vascular tone and platelet function Biochem. Pharmacol. 37 1988 2495 2501
8. G.M. Sokol, K.P. Van Meurs, L.L. Wright, O. Rivera, W.J. Thorn 3rd, P.M. Chu, and R.L. Sams Nitrogen dioxide formation during inhaled nitric oxide therapy Clin. Chem. 45 1999 382 387
9. A. Tripathi, and A. Sodhi Production of nitric oxide by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro on treatment with prolactin and growth hormone: involvement of protein tyrosine kinases, Ca(++), and MAP kinase signal transduction pathways Mol. Immunol. 44 2007 3185 3194
10. P. Tripathi, L. Kashyap, and V. Singh The role of nitric oxide in inflammatory reactions FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 51 2007 443 452
11. E.S. Ng, D. Jourd'heuil, J.M. McCord, D. Hernandez, M. Yasui, D. Knight, and P. Kubes Enhanced S-nitroso-albumin formation from inhaled NO during ischemia/reperfusion Circ. Res. 94 2004 559 565
12. C. Manktelow, L.M. Bigatello, D. Hess, and W.E. Hurford Physiologic determinants of the response to inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome Anesthesiology 87 1997 297 307
13. C.E. Cooper Nitric oxide and iron proteins Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1411 1999 290 309
14. C. Frostell, M.D. Fratacci, J.C. Wain, R. Jones, and W.M. Zapol Inhaled nitric oxide. A selective pulmonary vasodilator reversing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction Circulation 83 1991 2038 2047
15. A.M. Rudolph Fetal and neonatal pulmonary circulation Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 115 1977 11 18
16. R. Dhillon The management of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Archives of disease in childhood Fetal Neonatal Ed. 97 2012 F223 F228
17. G.G. Konduri, and U.O. Kim Advances in the diagnosis and management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 56 2009 579 600 Table of Contents
18. Y. Gao, and J.U. Raj Regulation of the pulmonary circulation in the fetus and newborn Physiol. Rev. 90 2010 1291 1335
19. J.D. Roberts, D.M. Polaner, P. Lang, and W.M. Zapol Inhaled nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Lancet 340 1992 818 819
20. J.P. Kinsella, S.R. Neish, E. Shaffer, and S.H. Abman Low-dose inhalation nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Lancet 340 1992 819 820
21. R.H. Clark, T.J. Kueser, M.W. Walker, W.M. Southgate, J.L. Huckaby, J.A. Perez, B.J. Roy, M. Keszler, and J.P. Kinsella Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Clinical inhaled nitric oxide research group N. Engl. J. Med. 342 2000 469 474
22. D. Davidson, E.S. Barefield, J. Kattwinkel, G. Dudell, M. Damask, R. Straube, J. Rhines, and C.T. Chang Inhaled nitric oxide for the early treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the term newborn: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, dose-response, multicenter study. The I-NO/PPHN study group Pediatrics 101 1998 325 334
23. K.J. Barrington, and N.N. Finer Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006 CD000509
24. A.H. Jobe, and E. Bancalari Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163 2001 1723 1729
25. B. Thebaud, F. Ladha, E.D. Michelakis, M. Sawicka, G. Thurston, F. Eaton, K. Hashimoto, G. Harry, A. Haromy, G. Korbutt, and S.L. Archer Vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy increases survival, promotes lung angiogenesis, and prevents alveolar damage in hyperoxia-induced lung injury: evidence that angiogenesis participates in alveolarization Circulation 112 2005 2477 2486
26. V. Balasubramaniam, A.M. Maxey, D.B. Morgan, N.E. Markham, and S.H. Abman Inhaled NO restores lung structure in eNOS-deficient mice recovering from neonatal hypoxia. American journal of physiology Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 291 2006 L119 L127
27. J.R. Tang, G. Seedorf, V. Balasubramaniam, A. Maxey, N. Markham, and S.H. Abman Early inhaled nitric oxide treatment decreases apoptosis of endothelial cells in neonatal rat lungs after vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 293 2007 L1271 L1280
28. Y.J. Lin, N.E. Markham, V. Balasubramaniam, J.R. Tang, A. Maxey, J.P. Kinsella, and S.H. Abman Inhaled nitric oxide enhances distal lung growth after exposure to hyperoxia in neonatal rats Pediatr. Res. 58 2005 22 29
29. D. Field, D. Elbourne, A. Truesdale, R. Grieve, P. Hardy, A.C. Fenton, N. Subhedar, J. Ahluwalia, H.L. Halliday, J. Stocks, K. Tomlin, and C. Normand Neonatal ventilation with inhaled nitric oxide versus ventilatory support without inhaled nitric oxide for preterm infants with severe respiratory failure: the INNOVO multicentre randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN 17821339) Pediatrics 115 2005 926 936
30. M.D. Schreiber, K. Gin-Mestan, J.D. Marks, D. Huo, G. Lee, and P. Srisuparp Inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants with the respiratory distress syndrome N. Engl. J. Med. 349 2003 2099 2107
31. K.K. Mestan, J.D. Marks, K. Hecox, D. Huo, and M.D. Schreiber Neurodevelopmental outcomes of premature infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide N. Engl. J. Med. 353 2005 23 32
32. K.P. Van Meurs, L.L. Wright, R.A. Ehrenkranz, J.A. Lemons, M.B. Ball, W.K. Poole, R. Perritt, R.D. Higgins, W. Oh, M.L. Hudak, A.R. Laptook, S. Shankaran, N.N. Finer, W.A. Carlo, K.A. Kennedy, J.H. Fridriksson, R.H. Steinhorn, G.M. Sokol, G.G. Konduri, J.L. Aschner, B.J. Stoll, C.T. D'Angio, and D.K. Stevenson Inhaled nitric oxide for premature infants with severe respiratory failure N. Engl. J. Med. 353 2005 13 22
33. F.S. Cole, C. Alleyne, J.D. Barks, R.J. Boyle, J.L. Carroll, D. Dokken, W.H. Edwards, M. Georgieff, K. Gregory, M.V. Johnston, M. Kramer, C. Mitchell, J. Neu, D.M. Pursley, W.M. Robinson, and D.H. Rowitch NIH consensus development conference statement: inhaled nitric-oxide therapy for premature infants Pediatrics 127 2011 363 369
34. K.J. Barrington, and N. Finer Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2010 CD000509
35. J.C. Mercier, H. Hummler, X. Durrmeyer, M. Sanchez-Luna, V. Carnielli, D. Field, A. Greenough, B. Van Overmeire, B. Jonsson, M. Hallman, and J. Baldassarre Inhaled nitric oxide for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature babies (EUNO): a randomised controlled trial Lancet 376 2010 346 354
36. M. Wind, and A. Stern Comparison of human adult and fetal hemoglobin: aminophenol-induced methemoglobin formation Experientia 33 1977 1500 1501
37. D.L. Wessel, I. Adatia, T.M. Giglia, J.E. Thompson, and T.J. Kulik Use of inhaled nitric oxide and acetylcholine in the evaluation of pulmonary hypertension and endothelial function after cardiopulmonary bypass Circulation 88 1993 2128 2138
38. R.D. Curran, C. Mavroudis, C.L. Backer, M. Sautel, V.R. Zales, and D.L. Wessel Inhaled nitric oxide for children with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension Ann. Thorac. Surg. 60 1995 1765 1771
39. O.I. Miller, S.F. Tang, A. Keech, N.B. Pigott, E. Beller, and D.S. Celermajer Inhaled nitric oxide and prevention of pulmonary hypertension after congenital heart surgery: a randomised double-blind study Lancet 356 2000 1464 1469
40. M. Bizzarro, and I. Gross Inhaled nitric oxide for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with congenital heart disease Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2005 CD005055
41. D.T. Balzer, H.W. Kort, R.W. Day, H.M. Corneli, J.P. Kovalchin, B.C. Cannon, S.F. Kaine, D.D. Ivy, S.A. Webber, A. Rothman, R.D. Ross, S. Aggarwal, M. Takahashi, and J.D. Waldman Inhaled nitric oxide as a preoperative test (INOP Test I): the INOP test study group Circulation 106 2002 I76 I81
42. A.P. Goldman, R.E. Delius, J.E. Deanfield, O.I. Miller, M.R. de Leval, P.E. Sigston, and D.J. Macrae Pharmacological control of pulmonary blood flow with inhaled nitric oxide after the fenestrated Fontan operation Circulation 94 1996 II44 II48
43. A. Gamillscheg, G. Zobel, B. Urlesberger, J. Berger, D. Dacar, J.I. Stein, B. Rigler, H. Metzler, and A. Beitzke Inhaled nitric oxide in patients with critical pulmonary perfusion after Fontan-type procedures and bidirectional Glenn anastomosis J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 113 1997 435 442
44. R. Rossaint, K.J. Falke, F. Lopez, K. Slama, U. Pison, and W.M. Zapol Inhaled nitric oxide for the adult respiratory distress syndrome N. Engl. J. Med. 328 1993 399 405
45. G.R. Bernard, A. Artigas, K.L. Brigham, J. Carlet, K. Falke, L. Hudson, M. Lamy, J.R. Legall, A. Morris, and R. Spragg The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149 1994 818 824
46. V.M. Ranieri, G.D. Rubenfeld, B.T. Thompson, N.D. Ferguson, E. Caldwell, E. Fan, L. Camporota, and A.S. Slutsky Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition JAMA 307 2012 2526 2533
47. R. Rossaint, H. Gerlach, H. Schmidt-Ruhnke, D. Pappert, K. Lewandowski, W. Steudel, and K. Falke Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with severe ARDS Chest 107 1995 1107 1115
48. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The acute respiratory distress syndrome network N. Engl. J. Med. 342 2000 1301 1308
49. R.G. Brower, P.N. Lanken, N. MacIntyre, M.A. Matthay, A. Morris, M. Ancukiewicz, D. Schoenfeld, and B.T. Thompson Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome N. Engl. J. Med. 351 2004 327 336
50. H.P. Wiedemann, A.P. Wheeler, G.R. Bernard, B.T. Thompson, D. Hayden, B. deBoisblanc, A.F. Connors Jr., R.D. Hite, and A.L. Harabin Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury N. Engl. J. Med. 354 2006 2564 2575
51. K.P. Steinberg, L.D. Hudson, R.B. Goodman, C.L. Hough, P.N. Lanken, R. Hyzy, B.T. Thompson, and M. Ancukiewicz Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome N. Engl. J. Med. 354 2006 1671 1684
52. M.J. Griffiths, and T.W. Evans Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in adults N. Engl. J. Med. 353 2005 2683 2695
53. U. Pison, F.A. Lopez, C.F. Heidelmeyer, R. Rossaint, and K.J. Falke Inhaled nitric oxide reverses hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction without impairing gas exchange J. Appl. Physiol. 74 1993 1287 1292
54. U. Scherrer, L. Vollenweider, A. Delabays, M. Savcic, U. Eichenberger, G.R. Kleger, A. Fikrle, P.E. Ballmer, P. Nicod, and P. Bartsch Inhaled nitric oxide for high-altitude pulmonary edema N. Engl. J. Med. 334 1996 624 629
55. D.A. Wink, J.A. Cook, R. Pacelli, J. Liebmann, M.C. Krishna, and J.B. Mitchell Nitric oxide (NO) protects against cellular damage by reactive oxygen species Toxicol. Lett. 82-83 1995 221 226
56. D.A. Wink, I. Hanbauer, M.C. Krishna, W. DeGraff, J. Gamson, and J.B. Mitchell Nitric oxide protects against cellular damage and cytotoxicity from reactive oxygen species Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90 1993 9813 9817
57. P. Kubes, M. Suzuki, and D.N. Granger Nitric oxide: an endogenous modulator of leukocyte adhesion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88 1991 4651 4655
58. H. Arndt, C.W. Smith, and D.N. Granger Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats Hypertension 21 1993 667 673
59. M.W. Radomski, and S. Moncada The biological and pharmacological role of nitric oxide in platelet function Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 344 1993 251 264
60. A. Gries, C. Bode, K. Peter, A. Herr, H. Bohrer, J. Motsch, and E. Martin Inhaled nitric oxide inhibits human platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression, and fibrinogen binding in vitro and in vivo Circulation 97 1998 1481 1487
61. L.M. Bigatello, W.E. Hurford, R.M. Kacmarek, J.D. Roberts Jr., and W.M. Zapol Prolonged inhalation of low concentrations of nitric oxide in patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. Effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygenation Anesthesiology 80 1994 761 770
62. L. Puybasset, T. Stewart, J.J. Rouby, P. Cluzel, E. Mourgeon, M.F. Belin, M. Arthaud, C. Landault, and P. Viars Inhaled nitric oxide reverses the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance induced by permissive hypercapnia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome Anesthesiology 80 1994 1254 1267
63. J.D. Young, W.J. Brampton, J.D. Knighton, and S.R. Finfer Inhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory failure in adults Br. J. Anaesth. 73 1994 499 502
64. R.C. McIntyre Jr., F.A. Moore, E.E. Moore, F. Piedalue, J.S. Haenel, and D.A. Fullerton Inhaled nitric oxide variably improves oxygenation and pulmonary hypertension in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome J. Trauma 39 1995 418 425
65. M. Wysocki, C. Delclaux, E. Roupie, O. Langeron, N. Liu, B. Herman, F. Lemaire, and L. Brochard Additive effect on gas exchange of inhaled nitric oxide and intravenous almitrine bismesylate in the adult respiratory distress syndrome Intensiv. Care Med. 20 1994 254 259
66. R.W. Taylor, J.L. Zimmerman, R.P. Dellinger, R.C. Straube, G.J. Criner, K. Davis Jr., K.M. Kelly, T.C. Smith, and R.J. Small Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 291 2004 1603 1609
67. R.P. Dellinger, J.L. Zimmerman, R.W. Taylor, R.C. Straube, D.L. Hauser, G.J. Criner, K. Davis Jr., T.M. Hyers, and P. Papadakos Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: results of a randomized phase II trial. Inhaled nitric oxide in ards study group Crit. Care Med. 26 1998 15 23
68. S. Beloucif, and D. Payen A European survey of the use of inhaled nitric oxide in the ICU. Working group on inhaled NO in the ICU of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Intensiv. Care Med. 24 1998 864 877
69. S. Lundin, H. Mang, M. Smithies, O. Stenqvist, and C. Frostell Inhalation of nitric oxide in acute lung injury: results of a European multicentre study. The European study group of inhaled nitric oxide Intensiv. Care Med. 25 1999 911 919
70. E. Troncy, J.P. Collet, S. Shapiro, J.G. Guimond, L. Blair, T. Ducruet, M. Francoeur, M. Charbonneau, and G. Blaise Inhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 157 1998 1483 1488
71. D.N. Hager, J.A. Krishnan, D.L. Hayden, and R.G. Brower Tidal volume reduction in patients with acute lung injury when plateau pressures are not high Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172 2005 1241 1245
72. N.K. Adhikari, K.E. Burns, J.O. Friedrich, J.T. Granton, D.J. Cook, and M.O. Meade Effect of nitric oxide on oxygenation and mortality in acute lung injury: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ 334 2007 779
73. A. Afshari, J. Brok, A.M. Moller, and J. Wetterslev Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury in adults and children: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis Anesth. Analg. 112 2011 1411 1421
74. N.K. Adhikari, R.P. Dellinger, S. Lundin, D. Payen, B. Vallet, H. Gerlach, K.J. Park, S. Mehta, A.S. Slutsky, and J.O. Friedrich Inhaled nitric oxide does not reduce mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome regardless of severity: systematic review and meta-analysis Crit. Care Med. 42 2014 404 412
75. R.P. Dellinger, S.W. Trzeciak, G.J. Criner, J.L. Zimmerman, R.W. Taylor, H. Usansky, J. Young, and B. Goldstein Association between inhaled nitric oxide treatment and long-term pulmonary function in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome Crit. Care 16 2012 R36
76. R.D. Stapleton, B.M. Wang, L.D. Hudson, G.D. Rubenfeld, E.S. Caldwell, and K.P. Steinberg Causes and timing of death in patients with ARDS Chest 128 2005 525 532
77. L.B. Ware Prognostic determinants of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: impact on clinical trial design Crit. Care Med. 33 2005 S217 S222
78. B. Guery, R. Neviere, N. Viget, C. Foucher, P. Fialdes, F. Wattel, and G. Beaucaire Inhaled NO preadministration modulates local and remote ischemia-reperfusion organ injury in a rat model J. Appl. Physiol. 87 1999 47 53
79. E.A. Bacha, H. Sellak, S. Murakami, G.M. Mazmanian, H. Detruit, V. de Montpreville, A.R. Chapelier, J.M. Libert, P.G. Dartevelle, and P. Herve Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates reperfusion injury in non-heartbeating-donor lung transplantation. Paris-Sud University Lung Transplantation Group Transplantation 63 1997 1380 1386
80. H. Date, A.N. Triantafillou, E.P. Trulock, M.S. Pohl, J.D. Cooper, and G.A. Patterson Inhaled nitric oxide reduces human lung allograft dysfunction J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 111 1996 913 919
81. R. Hataishi, A.C. Rodrigues, T.G. Neilan, J.G. Morgan, E. Buys, S. Shiva, R. Tambouret, D.S. Jassal, M.J. Raher, E. Furutani, F. Ichinose, M.T. Gladwin, A. Rosenzweig, W.M. Zapol, M.H. Picard, K.D. Bloch, and M. Scherrer-Crosbie Inhaled nitric oxide decreases infarction size and improves left ventricular function in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 291 2006 H379 H384
82. X. Liu, Y. Huang, P. Pokreisz, P. Vermeersch, G. Marsboom, M. Swinnen, E. Verbeken, J. Santos, M. Pellens, H. Gillijns, F. Van de Werf, K.D. Bloch, and S. Janssens Nitric oxide inhalation improves microvascular flow and decreases infarction size after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 50 2007 808 817
83. K. Kida, and F. Ichinose Preventing ischemic brain injury after sudden cardiac arrest using NO inhalation Crit. Care 18 2014 212
84. E.P. Vichinsky, L.D. Neumayr, A.N. Earles, R. Williams, E.T. Lennette, D. Dean, B. Nickerson, E. Orringer, V. McKie, R. Bellevue, C. Daeschner, and E.A. Manci Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. National Acute Chest Syndrome Study Group N. Engl. J. Med. 342 2000 1855 1865
85. M.M. Reagan, M.R. DeBaun, and M.J. Frei-Jones Multi-modal intervention for the inpatient management of sickle cell pain significantly decreases the rate of acute chest syndrome Pediatr. Blood Cancer 56 2011 262 266
86. O.S. Platt, D.J. Brambilla, W.F. Rosse, P.F. Milner, O. Castro, M.H. Steinberg, and P.P. Klug Mortality in sickle cell disease. Life expectancy and risk factors for early death N. Engl. J. Med. 330 1994 1639 1644
87. C.A. Head, C. Brugnara, R. Martinez-Ruiz, R.M. Kacmarek, K.R. Bridges, D. Kuter, K.D. Bloch, and W.M. Zapol Low concentrations of nitric oxide increase oxygen affinity of sickle erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo J. Clin. Investig. 100 1997 1193 1198
88. A.N. Schechter NO therapy? J. Clin. Investig. 100 1997 955 956
89. M.J. Stuart, and B.N. Setty Acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease: new light on an old problem Curr. Opin. Hematol. 8 2001 111 122
90. R. De Caterina, P. Libby, H.B. Peng, V.J. Thannickal, T.B. Rajavashisth, M.A. Gimbrone Jr., W.S. Shin, and J.K. Liao Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines J. Clin. Investig. 96 1995 60 68
91. A. Al Hajeri, G.R. Serjeant, and Z. Fedorowicz Inhaled nitric oxide for acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2008 CD006957
92. K.J. Sullivan, S.R. Goodwin, J. Evangelist, R.D. Moore, and P. Mehta Nitric oxide successfully used to treat acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease in a young adolescent Crit. Care Med. 27 1999 2563 2568
93. A.M. Atz, and D.L. Wessel Inhaled nitric oxide in sickle cell disease with acute chest syndrome Anesthesiology 87 1997 988 990
94. M. Oppert, A. Jorres, D. Barckow, K.U. Eckardt, U. Frei, and U. Kaisers Inhaled nitric oxide for ARDS due to sickle cell disease Swiss Med. Wkly. 134 2004 165 167
95. M.T. Gladwin, G.J. Kato, D. Weiner, O.C. Onyekwere, C. Dampier, L. Hsu, R.W. Hagar, T. Howard, R. Nuss, M.M. Okam, C.K. Tremonti, B. Berman, A. Villella, L. Krishnamurti, S. Lanzkron, O. Castro, V.R. Gordeuk, W.A. Coles, M. Peters-Lawrence, J. Nichols, M.K. Hall, M. Hildesheim, W.C. Blackwelder, J. Baldassarre, and J.F. Casella Nitric oxide for inhalation in the acute treatment of sickle cell pain crisis: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 305 2011 893 902
96. Y. Katayama, T.W. Higenbottam, M.J. Diaz de Atauri, G. Cremona, S. Akamine, J.A. Barbera, and R. Rodriguez-Roisin Inhaled nitric oxide and arterial oxygen tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe pulmonary hypertension Thorax 52 1997 120 124
97. M.N. Melsom, T. Flatebo, and G. Nicolaysen Low concentrations of inhaled nitric oxide do not improve oxygenation in patients with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 51 2007 559 564
98. D.S. Ma, J.B. Kim, S.H. Jung, S.J. Choo, C.H. Chung, and J.W. Lee Outcomes of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults Korean J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 45 2012 91 94
99. C. Smith, R. Bellomo, J.S. Raman, G. Matalanis, A. Rosalion, J. Buckmaster, G. Hart, W. Silvester, G.A. Gutteridge, B. Smith, L. Doolan, and B.F. Buxton An extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-based approach to cardiogenic shock in an older population Ann. Thorac. Surg. 71 2001 1421 1427
100. G.J. Peek, D. Elbourne, M. Mugford, R. Tiruvoipati, A. Wilson, E. Allen, F. Clemens, R. Firmin, P. Hardy, C. Hibbert, N. Jones, H. Killer, M. Thalanany, and A. Truesdale Randomised controlled trial and parallel economic evaluation of conventional ventilatory support versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure (CESAR) Health Technol. Assess. 14 2010 1 46
101. B.W. Roberts, J. Mitchell, J.H. Kilgannon, M.E. Chansky, and S. Trzeciak Nitric oxide donor agents for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury in human subjects: a systematic review Shock 39 2013 229 239
102. K. Fattouch, F. Sbraga, R. Sampognaro, G. Bianco, M. Gucciardo, C. Lavalle, C.D. Vizza, F. Fedele, and G. Ruvolo Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized, prospective, double-blind study J. Cardiovasc. Med. 7 2006 119 123
103. J. Gianetti, P. Del Sarto, S. Bevilacqua, C. Vassalle, R. De Filippis, M. Kacila, P.A. Farneti, A. Clerico, M. Glauber, and A. Biagini Supplemental nitric oxide and its effect on myocardial injury and function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 127 2004 44 50
104. M. Licker, P. Fauconnet, Y. Villiger, and J.M. Tschopp Acute lung injury and outcomes after thoracic surgery Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. 22 2009 61 67
105. K. Fattouch, F. Sbraga, G. Bianco, G. Speziale, M. Gucciardo, R. Sampognaro, and G. Ruvolo Inhaled prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and nitroprusside in pulmonary hypertension after mitral valve replacement J. Cardiac Surg. 20 2005 171 176
106. J.L. Fernandes, R.O. Sampaio, C.M. Brandao, T.A. Accorsi, L.F. Cardoso, G.S. Spina, F. Tarasoutchi, P. Pomerantzeff, J.O. Auler Jr., and M. Grinberg Comparison of inhaled nitric oxide versus oxygen on hemodynamics in patients with mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary hypertension after mitral valve surgery Am. J. Cardiol. 107 2011 1040 1045
107. P.A. Checchia, R.A. Bronicki, J.T. Muenzer, D. Dixon, S. Raithel, S.K. Gandhi, and C.B. Huddleston Nitric oxide delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces postoperative morbidity in children-a randomized trial J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 146 2013 530 536
108. A.N. Tavare, and T. Tsakok Does prophylactic inhaled nitric oxide reduce morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation? Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 13 2011 516 520
109. D. Pasero, E.L. Martin, A. Davi, L. Mascia, M. Rinaldi, and V.M. Ranieri The effects of inhaled nitric oxide after lung transplantation Miner. Anestesiol. 76 2010 353 361
110. I. Moreno, R. Vicente, A. Mir, I. Leon, F. Ramos, J.L. Vicente, and M. Barbera Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on primary graft dysfunction in lung transplantation Transplant. Proc. 41 2009 2210 2212
111. I. George, S. Xydas, V.K. Topkara, C. Ferdinando, E.C. Barnwell, L. Gableman, R.N. Sladen, Y. Naka, and M.C. Oz Clinical indication for use and outcomes after inhaled nitric oxide therapy Ann. Thorac. Surg. 82 2006 2161 2169
112. E. Potapov, D. Meyer, M. Swaminathan, M. Ramsay, A. El Banayosy, C. Diehl, B. Veynovich, I.D. Gregoric, M. Kukucka, T.W. Gromann, N. Marczin, K. Chittuluru, J.S. Baldassarre, M.J. Zucker, and R. Hetzer Inhaled nitric oxide after left ventricular assist device implantation: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial J. Heart LungTransplant. Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant. 30 2011 870 878
113. H. Urakami, and M.B. Grisham Divergent roles of superoxide and nitric oxide in reduced-size liver ischemia and reperfusion injury: Implications for partial liver transplantation Pathophysiol. Off. J. Int. Soc. Pathophysiol. ISP 13 2006 183 193
114. J. Li, and T.R. Billiar Nitric oxide. IV. Determinants of nitric oxide protection and toxicity in liver Am. J. Physiol. 276 1999 G1069 G1073
115. A. Fox-Robichaud, D. Payne, S.U. Hasan, L. Ostrovsky, T. Fairhead, P. Reinhardt, and P. Kubes Inhaled NO as a viable antiadhesive therapy for ischemia/reperfusion injury of distal microvascular beds J. Clin. Investig. 101 1998 2497 2505
116. R.O. Cannon 3rd, A.N. Schechter, J.A. Panza, F.P. Ognibene, M.E. Pease-Fye, M.A. Waclawiw, J.H. Shelhamer, and M.T. Gladwin Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on regional blood flow are consistent with intravascular nitric oxide delivery J. Clin. Investig. 108 2001 279 287
117. M.T. Gladwin, A.N. Schechter, D.B. Kim-Shapiro, R.P. Patel, N. Hogg, S. Shiva, R.O. Cannon 3rd, M. Kelm, D.A. Wink, M.G. Espey, E.H. Oldfield, R.M. Pluta, B.A. Freeman, J.R. Lancaster Jr., M. Feelisch, and J.O. Lundberg The emerging biology of the nitrite anion Nat. Chem. Biol. 1 2005 308 314
118. T.J. McMahon, and A. Doctor Extrapulmonary effects of inhaled nitric oxide: role of reversible S-nitrosylation of erythrocytic hemoglobin Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 3 2006 153 160
119. J.O. Lundberg, F.J. Larsen, and E. Weitzberg Supplementation with nitrate and nitrite salts in exercise: a word of caution J. Appl. Physiol. 111 2011 616 617
120. J.D. Lang Jr., X. Teng, P. Chumley, J.H. Crawford, T.S. Isbell, B.K. Chacko, Y. Liu, N. Jhala, D.R. Crowe, A.B. Smith, R.C. Cross, L. Frenette, E.E. Kelley, D.W. Wilhite, C.R. Hall, G.P. Page, M.B. Fallon, J.S. Bynon, D.E. Eckhoff, and R.P. Patel Inhaled NO accelerates restoration of liver function in adults following orthotopic liver transplantation J. Clin. Investig. 117 2007 2583 2591
121. J.D. Lang Jr., A.B. Smith, A. Brandon, K.M. Bradley, Y. Liu, W. Li, D.R. Crowe, N.C. Jhala, R.C. Cross, L. Frenette, K. Martay, Y.L. Vater, A.A. Vitin, G.A. Dembo, D.A. Dubay, J.S. Bynon, J.M. Szychowski, J.D. Reyes, J.B. Halldorson, S.C. Rayhill, A.A. Dick, R. Bakthavatsalam, J. Brandenberger, J.A. Broeckel-Elrod, L. Sissons-Ross, T. Jordan, L.Y. Chen, A. Siriussawakul, D.E. Eckhoff, and R.P. Patel A randomized clinical trial testing the anti-inflammatory effects of preemptive inhaled nitric oxide in human liver transplantation PLoS One 9 2014 e86053
122. P.K. Srinivasan, S. Yagi, B. Doorschodt, K. Nagai, M. Afify, S. Uemoto, and R. Tolba Impact of venous systemic oxygen persufflation supplemented with nitric oxide gas on cold-stored, warm ischemia-damaged experimental liver grafts Liver Transplant. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Study Liver Dis. Int. Liver Transplant. Soc. 18 2012 219 225
123. K. Nagai, S. Yagi, M. Afify, C. Bleilevens, S. Uemoto, and R.H. Tolba Impact of venous-systemic oxygen persufflation with nitric oxide gas on steatotic grafts after partial orthotopic liver transplantation in rats Transplantation 95 2013 78 84
124. C. Dezfulian, N. Raat, S. Shiva, and M.T. Gladwin Role of the anion nitrite in ischemia-reperfusion cytoprotection and therapeutics Cardiovasc. Res. 75 2007 327 338
125. C.J. Hunter, A. Dejam, A.B. Blood, H. Shields, D.B. Kim-Shapiro, R.F. Machado, S. Tarekegn, N. Mulla, A.O. Hopper, A.N. Schechter, G.G. Power, and M.T. Gladwin Inhaled nebulized nitrite is a hypoxia-sensitive NO-dependent selective pulmonary vasodilator Nat. Med. 10 2004 1122 1127
126. T. Okamoto, X. Tang, A. Janocha, C.F. Farver, M.T. Gladwin, and K.R. McCurry Nebulized nitrite protects rat lung grafts from ischemia reperfusion injury J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 145 2013 1108 1116
127. H. Haugaa, H. Gomez, D.R. Maberry, A. Holder, O. Ogundele, A.M. Quintero, D. Escobar, T.I. Tonnessen, H. Airgood, C. Dezfulian, E. Kenny, S. Shiva, B. Zuckerbraun, and M.R. Pinsky Effects of inhalation of low-dose nitrite or carbon monoxide on post-reperfusion mitochondrial function and tissue injury in hemorrhagic shock swine Crit. Care 19 2015 184