Integration of electric vehicles in smart grid: A review on vehicle to grid technologies and optimization techniques

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Volumn 53, Issue , 2016, Pages 720-732

  Tan, Kang Miao ^a   Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K ^a   Yong, Jia Ying ^a  

^a Universiti Tenaga Nasional   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Bidirectional charger; Electric vehicle; Optimization; Renewable energy; Vehicle to grid

Indexed keywords

CHARGING (BATTERIES); ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORKS; ELECTRIC VEHICLES; ENERGY POLICY; INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; REACTIVE POWER;

BI-DIRECTIONAL CHARGERS; ENERGY CRISIS; GRID OPTIMIZATION; GRID TECHNOLOGIES; OPTIMISATIONS; OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES; POWER GRIDS; RENEWABLE ENERGIES; SMART GRID; VEHICLE TO GRIDS;

VEHICLE-TO-GRID;

EID: 84943279578     PISSN: 13640321     EISSN: 18790690     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.012     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) International Energy Outlook, Report No.: DOE/EIA-0484(2013) 2013 Office of Energy Analysis, U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585
2. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries World Oil Outlook, Report No.: ISBN 978-3-9502722-6-0 2013 OPEC Helferstorferstrasse 17, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
3. C.H. Lin, C.Y. Hsieh, and K.H. Chen A Li-ion battery charger with smooth control circuit and built-in resistance compensator for achieving stable and fast charging IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I 57 2 2010 506 517
4. A. Affanni, A. Bellini, G. Franceschini, P. Guglielmi, and C. Tassoni Battery choice and management for new-generation electric vehicles IEEE Trans Ind Electron 52 5 2005 1343 1349
5. D.B. Richardson Electric vehicles and the electric grid: a review of modeling approaches, impacts, and renewable energy integration Renew Sustain Energy Rev 19 2013 247 254
6. F. De Ridder, R. D'Hulst, L. Knapen, and D. Janssens Applying an activity based model to explore the potential of electrical vehicles in the smart grid Proc Comput Sci 19 2013 847 853
7. Shi L, Xu H, Li D, Zhang Z, Han Y. The photovoltaic charging station for electric vehicle to grid application in smart grids. In: Proceedings of the IEEE ICIAfS 2012: 6th international conference on information and automation for sustainability; 2012 Sep 27-29. p. 279-84.
8. M. Yilmaz, and P.T. Krein Review of the impact of vehicle-to-grid technologies on distribution systems and utility interfaces IEEE Trans Power Electron 28 12 2013 5673 5689
9. Yilmaz M, Krein PT. Review of benefits and challenges of vehicle-to-grid technology. In: Proceedings of the IEEE ECCE 2012: energy conversion congress and exposition; 2012 Sep 15-20. p. 3082-89.
10. Sortomme E. Combined bidding of regulation and spinning reserves for unidirectional vehicle-to-grid. IEEE PES ISGT 2012: innovative smart grid technologies. 16-20: 2012. p. 1-7.
11. Fasugba MA, Krein PT. Cost benefits and vehicle-to-grid regulation services of unidirectional charging of electric vehicles. In: Proceedings of the IEEE ECCE 2011: energy conversion congress and exposition; 2011 Sep 17-22. p. 827-34
12. J. Gallardo-Lozano, M.I. Milanés-Montero, M.A. Guerrero-Martínez, and E. Romero-Cadaval Electric vehicle battery charger for smart grids Electr Power Syst Res 90 2012 18 29
13. Verma AK, Singh B, Shahani DT. Grid to vehicle and vehicle to grid energy transfer using single-phase bidirectional AC-DC converter and bidirectional DC-DC converter. In: Proceedings of the international conference on energy, automation and signal, ICEAS; 2011 Dec 28-30. p. 1-5.
14. Pinto JG, Monteiro V, Goncalves H, Exposto B, Pedrosa D, Couto C, et al. Bidirectional battery charger with grid-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home technologies. In: Proceedings of the IEEE IECON: 39th annual conference of the industrial electronics society; 2013 Nov 10-13. p. 5934-39.
15. C. Liu, K.T. Chau, D. Wu, and S. Gao Opportunities and challenges of vehicle-to-home, vehicle-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-grid technologies Proc IEEE 101 11 2013 2409 2427
16. R. Pode Battery charging stations for home lighting in Mekong region countries Renew Sustain Energy Rev 44 2015 543 560
17. Wu D, Chau KT, Gao S. Multilayer framework for vehicle-to-grid operation. In: proceedings of the IEEE VPPC: vehicle power and propulsion conference; 2010 Sep 1-3. p. 1-6.
18. E. Sortomme, and M.A. El-Sharkawi Optimal charging strategies for unidirectional vehicle-to-grid IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2 1 2011 131 138
19. C. Ahn, C.T. Li, and H. Peng Optimal decentralized charging control algorithm for electrified vehicles connected to smart grid J Power Sources 196 23 2011 10369 10379
20. A.R. Hota, M. Juvvanapudi, and P. Bajpai Power quality of actual grids with plug-in electric vehicles in presence of renewables and micro-grids Renew Sustain Energy Rev 46 2015 289-200
21. C. Guille, and G. Gross A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation Energy Policy 37 11 2009 4379 4390
22. Akhtar GMA, Al-Awami, AT, Khalid, MW. Coordinating emission-aware energy trading with V2G services. IEEE EUROCON; 2013. p. 1293-98.
23. T. Sousa, H. Morais, J. Soares, and Z. Vale Day-ahead resource scheduling in smart grids considering vehicle-to-grid and network constraints Appl Energy 96 2012 183 193
24. N. O'Connell, Q. Wu, J. Stergaard, A.H. Nielsen, S.T. Cha, and Y. Ding Day-ahead tariffs for the alleviation of distribution grid congestion from electric vehicle Electr Power Syst Res 92 2012 106 114
25. C. Quinn, D. Zimmerle, and T.H. Bradley The effect of communication architecture on the availability, reliability, and economics of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle-to-grid ancillary services J Power Sources 195 5 2010 1500 1509
26. J. Tomić, and W. Kempton Using fleets of electric-drive vehicles for grid support J Power Sources 168 2 2007 459 468
27. W. Kempton, and J. Tomić Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: from stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy J Power Sources 144 1 2005 280 294
28. Ghofrani M, Arabali A, Etezadi-Amoli M. Electric drive vehicle to grid synergies with large scale wind resources. In: Proceedings of the IEEE power and energy society general meeting; 2012 Jul 22-26. p. 1-6.
29. Ferreira RJ, Miranda LM, Araujo RE, Lopes JP. A new bi-directional charger for vehicle-to-grid integration. In: Proceedings of the IEEE PES ISGT 2011: 2nd international conference and exhibition on innovative smart grid technologies Europe; 2011 Dec 5-7. p. 1-5.
30. Gould C, Colombage K, Wang J, Stone D, Foster M. A comparative study of on-board bidirectional chargers for electric vehicles to support vehicle-to-grid power transfer. In: Proceedings of the IEEE PEDS 2013: 10th international conference on power electronics and drive systems; 2013 Apr 22-25. p. 639-44.
31. Z. Wang, and S. Wang Grid power peak shaving and valley filling using vehicle-to-grid systems EEE Trans Power Deliv 28 3 2013 1822 1829
32. Ghosh DP, Thomas RJ, Wicker SB. A privacy-aware design for the vehicle-to-grid framework. In: Proceedings of the 46th hawaii international conference on system sciences, HICSS 2013; 2013 Jan 7-10. p. 2283-91.
33. Monteiro V, Pinto JG, Exposto B, Goncalves H, Ferreira JC, Couto C, et al. Assessment of a battery charger for electric vehicles with reactive power control. In: Proceedings of the IEEE IECON 2012: 38th annual conference on industrial electronics society; 2012 Oct 25-28. p. 5142-47.
34. J.R. Pillai, and B. Bak-Jensen Integration of vehicle-to-grid in the Western Danish power system IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 2 1 2011 12 19
35. J.D. Dogger, B. Roossien, and F.D.J. Nieuwenhout Characterization of Li-ion batteries for intelligent management of distributed grid-connected storage IEEE Trans Energy Convers 26 1 2011 256 263
36. J. Mullan, D. Harries, T. Bräunl, and S. Whitely The technical, economic and commercial viability of the vehicle-to-grid concept Energy Policy 48 2012 394 406
37. S. Han, S. Han, and K. Sezaki Development of an optimal vehicle-to-grid aggregator for frequency regulation IEEE Trans Smart Grid 1 1 2010 65 72
38. J.Y. Yong, V.K. Ramachandaramurthy, K.M. Tan, and N. Mithulananthan A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle Renew Sustain Energy Rev 49 2015 365 385
39. S. Lefeng, Z. Qian, and P. Yongjian The reserve trading model considering V2G reverse Energy 15 59 2013 50 55
40. A.K. Srivastava, B. Annabathina, and S. Kamalasadan The challenges and policy options for integrating plug-in hybrid electric vehicle into the electric grid Electr J 23 3 2010 83 91
41. Tu Y, Li C, Cheng L, Le L. Research on vehicle-to-grid technology. In: Proceedings of the CDCIEM 2011: international conference on computer distributed control and intelligent environmental monitoring; 2011 Feb 19-20. p. 1013-1016.
42. Y. Mou, X. Hao, Z Lin, and F Minyue Decentralized optimal demand-side management for PHEV charging in a smart grid. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 6 2 2014 726 736
43. W. Kempton, and J. Tomić Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: calculating capacity and net revenue J Power Sources 144 1 2005 268 279
44. M.A. Lopez, S. de la Torre, S. Martin, and J.A. Aguado Demand-side management in smart grid operation considering electric vehicles load shifting and vehicle-to-grid support Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 64 2015 689 698
45. E. Sortomme, and M.A. El-Sharkawi Optimal combined bidding of vehicle-to-grid ancillary services IEEE Trans Smart Grid 3 1 2012 70 79
46. Han S, Aki H, Han S. A practical battery wear model for electric vehicle charging applications. In: Proceedings of the IEEE power and energy society general meeting; 2013 Jul 21-25. p. 1-5.
47. Bandyopadhyay A, Wang L, Devabhaktuni VK, Green RC. Aggregator analysis for efficient day-time charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In: Proceedings of the IEEE power and energy society general meeting; 2011 Jul 24-29. p. 1-8.
48. D.B. Richardson Encouraging vehicle-to-grid (V2G) participation through premium tariff rates J Power Sources 243 2013 219 224
49. M. Ansari, A.T. Al-Awami, E. Sortomme, and M.A. Abidoeric Coordinated bidding of ancillary services for vehicle-to-grid using fuzzy optimization IEEE Trans Smart Grid 6 1 2015 261 270
50. Turker H, Hably A, Bacha S. Housing peak shaving algorithm (HPSA) with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): vehicle-to-home (V2H) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concepts. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on power engineering, energy and electrical drives, POWERENG 2013; 2013 May 13-17. p. 753-59.
51. J. Soares, T. Sousa, H. Morais, Z. Vale, B. Canizes, and A. Silva Application-specific modified particle swarm optimization for energy resource scheduling considering vehicle-to-grid Appl Soft Comput 13 11 2013 4264 4280
52. Mets K, Verschueren T, De Turck F, Develder C. Exploiting V2G to optimize residential energy consumption with electrical vehicle (dis)charging. In: Procedings of the IEEE SGMS 2011: first international workshop on smart grid modeling and simulation; 2011 Oct 17. p. 7-12.
53. A. Sheikhi, S. Bahrami, A.M. Ranjbar, and H. Oraee Strategic charging method for plugged in hybrid electric vehicles in smart grids; a game theoretic approach Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 53 2013 499 506
54. E. Baker, H. Chon, and J. Keisler Battery technology for electric and hybrid vehicles: expert views about prospects for advancement Technol Forecast Soc Chang 77 7 2010 1139 1146
55. B. Ramachandran, S.K. Srivastava, and D.A. Cartes Intelligent power management in micro grids with EV penetration Expert Syst Appl 40 16 2013 6631 6640
56. Silvestre C, Sousa DM, Roque A. Reactive power compensation using on board stored energy in electric vehicles. In: Proceedings of the IEEE IECON 2012: 38th annual conference on industrial electronics society; 2012 Oct 25-28. p. 5227-32.
57. Zhao D, Zhu L, Wang W, Chen N, Zhang H, Ni F. Calculation of harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation device's capacity configuration in electric vehicle charging stations. In: Proceedings of the CICED 2012: international conference on electricity distribution China; 2012 Sep 10-14. p. 1-4.
58. S. Bolognani, and S. Zampieri A distributed control strategy for reactive power compensation in smart microgrids IEEE Trans Autom Control 58 11 2013 2818 2833
59. P.N. Vovos, A.E. Kiprakis, A.R. Wallace, and G.P. Harrison Centralized and distributed voltage control: impact on distributed generation penetration IEEE Trans Power Syst 22 1 2007 476 483
60. Jiang B, Fei Y. Decentralized scheduling of PEV on-street parking and charging for smart grid reactive power compensation. IEEE PES ISGT 2013: innovative smart grid technologies; 2013 Feb 24-27. p. 1-6.
61. S.Y. Lee, C.J. Wu, and W.N. Chang A compact control algorithm for reactive power compensation and load balancing with static Var compensator Electr Power Syst Res 58 2 2001 63 70
62. Kisacikoglu MC, Ozpineci B, Tolbert LM. Examination of a PHEV bidirectional charger system for V2G reactive power compensation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE APEC 2010: twenty-fifth annual applied power electronics conference and exposition; 2010 Feb 21-25. p. 458-65.
63. Kisacikoglu MC, Ozpineci B, Tolbert LM. Reactive power operation analysis of a single-phase EV/PHEV bidirectional battery charger. In: Proceedings of the IEEE ICPE & ECCE 2011: 8th international conference on power electronics and ECCE Asia; 2011 May 30-Jun 3. p. 585-92.
64. J.Y. Yong, V.K. Ramachandaramurthy, and K.M. Tan Bi-directional electric vehicle fast charging station with novel reactive power compensation for voltage regulation Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 64 2015 300 310
65. M. Kesler, M.C. Kisacikoglu, and L.M. Tolbert Vehicle-to-grid reactive power operation using plug-in electric vehicle bidirectional offboard charger IEEE Trans Ind Electron 61 12 2014 6778 6784
66. P. Romo, and O. Micheloud Issues and solution approaches in PHEV integration to smart grid Renew Sustain Energy Rev 30 2015 217 229
67. Jin C, Sheng X, Ghosh P. Energy efficient algorithms for electric vehicle charging with intermittent renewable energy sources. In: Proceedings of the IEEE PES 2013: power and energy society general meeting; 2013 Jul 21-25. p. 1-5.
68. F. Fazelpour, M. Vafaeipour, O. Rahbari, and M.A. Rosen Intelligent optimization to integrate a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle smart parking lot with renewable energy resources and enhance grid characteristics Energy Convers Manag 77 2014 250 261
69. Rao S, Berthold F, Pandurangavittal K, Blunier B, Bouquain D, Williamson S, et al. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy system using home-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-home: optimization of power converter operation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE ITEC 2013: transportation electrification conference and expo; 2013 Jun 16-19. p. 1-6.
70. C. Goebel, and D.S. Callaway Using ICT-controlled plug-in electric vehicles to supply grid regulation in California at different renewable integration levels IEEE Trans Smart Grid 4 2 2013 729 740
71. Peas Lopes JA, Almeida PMR, Soares FJ. Using vehicle-to-grid to maximize the integration of intermittent renewable energy resources in islanded electric grids. In: Proceedings of the international conference on clean electrical power; 2009 Jun 9-11. p. 290-95.
72. L. Raslavicius, B. Azzopardi, M. Kersys AStarevicius, Z. Bazaras, and R. Makaras Electric vehicles challenges and opportunities Lithuanian review 42 2015 786 800 Feb
73. M. Ghofrani, A. Arabali, M. Etezadi-Amoli, and M.S. Fadali Smart schedulling and cost-benefit analysis of grid-enabled electric vehicles for wind power integration IEEE Trans Smart Grid 5 5 2014 2306 2313
74. A. El-Zonkoly Intelligent energy management of optimally located renewable energy systems incorporating PHEV Energy Convers Manag 84 2014 427 435
75. S.B. Peterson, J. Apt, and J.F. Whitacre Lithium-ion battery cell degradation resulting from realistic vehicle and vehicle-to-grid utilization J Power Sources 195 8 2010 2385 2392
76. Krein PT. Battery management for maximum performance in plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles. In: Proceedings of the IEEE VPPC 2007: vehicle power and propulsion conference; 2007 Sep 9-12. p. 2-5.
77. Han S, Han S, Sezaki K. Economic assessment on V2G frequency regulation regarding the battery degradation. IEEE PES ISGT 2012: innovative smart grid technologies; 2012 Jan 16-20. p. 1-6.
78. Millner A. Modeling Lithium Ion battery degradation in electric vehicles. In: Proceedings of the IEEE CITRES 2010 conference on innovative technologies for an efficient and reliable electricity supply; 2010 Sep 27-29. p. 349-56.
79. Dehaghani ES, Williamson SS. On the inefficiency of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power flow: potential barriers and possible research directions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE ITEC 2012: transportation electrification conference and expo; 2012 Jun 18-20. p. 1-5.
80. X. Yuan, X. Liu, and J. Zuo The development of new energy vehicles for a sustainable future: a review Renew Sustain Energy Rev 42 2015 298 305
81. Bashash S, Fathy HK. Optimizing demand response of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using quadratic programming. In: Proceedings of the ACC 2013 American control conference; 2013 Jun 17-19. p. 716-21.
82. Soares J, Vale Z, Canizes B, Morais H. Multi-objective parallel particle swarm optimization for day-ahead vehicle-to-grid scheduling. In: Proceedings of the IEEE CIASG 2013 symposium on computational intelligence applications in smart grid; 2013 Apr 16-19. p. 138-45.
83. Saber AY, Venayagamoorthy GK. Optimization of vehicle-to-grid scheduling in constrained parking lots. In: Proceedings of the IEEE power & energy society general meeting; 2009 Jul 26-30. p. 1-8.
84. A.Y. Saber, and G.K. Venayagamoorthy Unit commitment with vehicle-to-grid using particle swarm optimization IEEE Power Tech 2009 1 8
85. E. Sortomme, and M.A. El-Sharkawi Optimal scheduling of vehicle-to-grid energy and ancillary services IEEE Trans Smart Grid 3 1 2012 351 359
86. A.Y. Saber, and G.K. Venayagamoorthy Intelligent unit commitment with vehicle-to-grid-a cost-emission optimization J Power Sources 195 3 2010 898 911
87. Han HY, He JH, Wang XJ, Tian WQ. Optimal control strategy of vehicle-to-grid for modifying the load curve based on discrete particle swarm algorithm. In: Proceedings of the DRPT 2011: 4th international conference on electric utility deregulation and restructuring and power technologies; 2011 Jul 6-9. p. 1523-27.
88. Celli G, Ghiani E, Pilo F, Pisano G, Soma GG. Particle swarm optimization for minimizing the burden of electric vehicles in active distribution networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE power and energy society general meeting; 2012 Jul 22-26. p. 1-7.
89. S. Kiranyaz, T. Ince, and M. Gabbouj Multidimensional particle swarm optimization for machine learning and pattern recognition 15 vol 2012
90. Ghanbarzadeh T, Goleijani S, Moghaddam MP. Reliability constrained unit commitment with electric vehicle to grid using hybrid particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE power and energy society general meeting; 2011 Jul 24-29. p. 1-7.
91. Y. Ma, T. Houghton, A. Cruden, and D. Infield Modeling the benefits of vehicle-to-grid technology to a Power System IEEE Trans Power Syst 27 2 2012 1012 1020
92. M.A. Rostami, A. Kavousi-Fard, and T. Niknam Expected cost minimization of smart grids with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using optimal distribution feeder reconfiguration IEEE Trans Ind Inform 11 2 2015 388 397
93. L. Igualada, C. Corchero, M. Cruz-Zambrano, and F.J. Heredia Optimal energy management for a residential microgrid including a vehicle-to-grid system IEEE Trans Smart Grid 5 4 2014 2163 2172
94. X. Bai, and W. Qiao Robust optimization for bidirectional dispatch coordination of large-scale V2G IEEE Trans Smart Grid 6 4 2015 1944 1954
95. E. Akhavan-Rezai, M.F. Shaaban, E.F. El-Saadany, and F. Karray Online intelligent demand management of plug-in electric vehicles in future smart parking lots IEEE Syst J 99 2015 1 12