Control of the Ovarian Cycle of the Sheep

Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction: Two-Volume Set

Volumn 2, Issue , 2015, Pages 1259-1305

  Goodman, Robert L ^a   Inskeep, E Keith ^b  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anestrus; Estradiol; Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH); Inhibin; Luteinizing hormone (LH); Ovarian cycle; Pheromones; Progesterone; Prostaglandin F2 (PGF2 ); Sheep

Indexed keywords

EID: 84942941536     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397175-3.00027-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (334)

1. Goodman R.L., Inskeep E.K. Control of the ovarian cycle of the sheep. Knobil and Neill's physiology of reproduction 2006, 2389-2447. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 3rd ed. J.D. Neill (Ed.).
2. Marshall F.H.A. The oestrous cycle and the formation of the corpus luteum in the sheep. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 1904, 196:47-97.
3. McKenzie F.F., Terrill C.E. Estrus, ovulation, and related phenomena in the ewe. Mo Agr Exp Sta Res Bull 1937, 264:5-88.
4. Hafez E.S.E. Studies on the breeding season and reproduction of the ewe. J Agric Sci 1952, 42:189-265.
5. Fabre-Nys C., Gelez H. Sexual behavior in ewes and other domestic ruminants. Horm Behav 2007, 52:18-25.
6. Fabre-Nys C., Martin G.B. Hormonal control of proceptive and receptive sexual behavior and the preovulatory LH surge in the ewe: reassessment of the respective roles of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. Horm Behav 1991, 25:295-312.
7. Papargiris M.M., Rivalland E.T., Hemsworth P.H., Morrissey A.D., Tilbrook A.J. Acute and chronic stress-like levels of cortisol inhibit the oestradiol stimulus to induce sexual receptivity but have no effect on sexual attractivity or proceptivity in female sheep. Horm Behav 2011, 60:336-345.
8. Robertson H.A. The endogenous control of estrus and ovulation in sheep, cattle, and swine. Vitam Horm 1969, 27:91-130.
9. Moenter S.M., Caraty A., Locatelli A., Karsch F.J. Pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion leading up to ovulation in the ewe: existence of a preovulatory GnRH surge. Endocrinology 1991, 129:1175-1182.
10. Goodman R.L., Pickover S.M., Karsch F.J. Ovarian feedback control of follicle-stimulating hormone in the ewe: evidence for selective suppression. Endocrinology 1981, 108:772-777.
11. Knight P.G., Feist S.A., Tannetta D.S., et al. Measurement of inhibin-A (alpha beta A dimer) during the oestrous cycle, after manipulation of ovarian activity and during pregnancy in ewes. J Reprod Fertil 1998, 113:159-166.
12. Inskeep E.K., Murdoch W.J. Relation of ovarian functions to uterine and ovarian secretion of prostaglandins during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the ewe and cow. Int Rev Physiol 1980, 22:325-356.
13. Hauger R.L., Karsch F.J., Foster D.L. A new concept for control of the estrous cycle of the ewe based on the temporal relationships between luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone in peripheral serum and evidence that progesterone inhibits tonic LH secretion. Endocrinology 1977, 101:807-817.
14. Baird D.T., Scaramuzzi R.J. Changes in the secretion of ovarian steroid and pituitary luteinizing hormone in the peri-ovulatory period in the ewe: the effect of progesterone. J Endocrinol 1976, 70:237-245.
15. Karsch F.J., Foster D.L., Legan S.J., Ryan K.D., Peter G.K. Control of the preovulatory endocrine events in the ewe: interrelationship of estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone. Endocrinology 1979, 105:421-426.
16. Clarke I.J., Thomas G.B., Yao B., Cummins J.T. GnRH secretion throughout the ovine estrous cycle. Neuroendocrinology 1987, 46:82-88.
17. Moenter S.M., Brand R.C., Karsch F.J. Dynamics of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion during the GnRH surge: insights into the mechanism of GnRH surge induction. Endocrinology 1992, 130:2978-2984.
18. Evans N.P., Dahl G.E., Mauger D.T., Padmanabhan V., Thrun L.A., Karsch F.J. Does estradiol induce the preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) surge in the ewe by inducing a progressive change in the mode of operation of the GnRH neurosecretory system. Endocrinology 1995, 136:5511-5519.
19. Souza C.J., Campbell B.K., Webb R., Baird D.T. Secretion of inhibin A and follicular dynamics throughout the estrous cycle in the sheep with and without the Booroola gene (FecB). Endocrinology 1997, 138:5333-5340.
20. Souza C.J., Campbell B.K., Baird D.T. Follicular waves and concentrations of steroids and inhibin A in ovarian venous blood during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in ewes with an ovarian autotransplant. J Endocrinol 1998, 156:563-572.
21. Toosi B.M., Seekallu S.V., Barrett D.M., et al. Characteristics of peaks in serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol, and follicular wave dynamics during the interovulatory interval in cyclic ewes. Theriogenology 2010, 73:1192-1201.
22. Scaramuzzi R.J., Baird D.T., Campbell B.K., et al. Regulation of folliculogenesis and the determination of ovulation rate in ruminants. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011, 23:444-467.
23. Sawyer H.R., Smith P., Heath D.A., Juengel J.L., Wakefield S.J., McNatty K.P. Formation of ovarian follicles during fetal development in sheep. Biol Reprod 2002, 66:1134-1150.
24. Rawlings N.C., Evans A.C., Honaramooz A., Bartlewski P.M. Antral follicle growth and endocrine changes in prepubertal cattle, sheep and goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2003, 78:259-270.
25. Evans A.C. Ovarian follicle growth and consequences for fertility in sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 2003, 78:289-306.
26. Bartlewski P.M., Beard A.P., Cook S.J., Chandolia R.K., Honaramooz A., Rawlings N.C. Ovarian antral follicular dynamics and their relationships with endocrine variables throughout the oestrous cycle in breeds of sheep differing in prolificacy. J Reprod Fertil 1999, 115:111-124.
27. Johnson S.K., Dailey R.A., Inskeep E.K., Lewis P.E. Effect of peripheral concentrations of progesterone on follicular growth and fertility in ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1996, 13:69-79.
28. Seekallu S.V., Toosi B.M., Duggavathi R., et al. Ovarian antral follicular dynamics in sheep revisited: comparison among estrous cycles with three or four follicular waves. Theriogenology 2010, 73:670-680.
29. Seekallu S.V., Barrett D.M., Toosi B.M., et al. Pulsatile LH secretion and ovarian follicular wave emergence and growth in anestrous ewes. Theriogenology 2010, 74:912-921.
30. Souza C.J., Campbell B.K., Baird D.T. Follicular dynamics and ovarian steroid secretion in sheep during anoestrus. J Reprod Fertil 1996, 108:101-106.
31. Duggavathi R., Bartlewski P.M., Barrett D.M., Rawlings N.C. Use of high-resolution transrectal ultrasonography to assess changes in numbers of small ovarian antral follicles and their relationships to the emergence of follicular waves in cyclic ewes. Theriogenology 2003, 60:495-510.
32. Lopez-Sebastian A., Gonzalez de Bulnes A., Santiago Moreno J., Gomez-Brunet A., Townsend E.C., Inskeep E.K. Patterns of follicular development during the estrous cycle in monovular Merino del Paris ewes. Anim Reprod Sci 1997, 48:279-291.
33. Toosi B.M., Davies K.L., Seekallu S.V., et al. Ovarian follicular dominance and the induction of daily follicular waves in the ewe. Biol Reprod 2010, 83:122-129.
34. Landau S., Houghton J.A., Mawhinney J.R., Inskeep E.K. Protein sources affect follicular dynamics in ewes near the onset of the breeding season. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996, 8:1021-1028.
35. Gonzalez-Anover P., Encinas T., Veiga-Lopez A., et al. Effects of breed on follicular dynamics and oestradiol secretion during the follicular phase in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2007, 42:29-33.
36. Murdoch W.J., Murphy C.J., Van Kirk E.A., Shen Y. Mechanisms and pathobiology of ovulation. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2010, 67:189-201.
37. Murdoch W.J., Gottsch M.L. Proteolytic mechanisms in the ovulatory folliculo-luteal transformation. Connect Tissue Res 2003, 44:50-57.
38. Smith J.F. Immunisation of ewes against steroids: a review. Proc NZ Soc Anim Prod 1985, 45:171-179.
39. Davies K.L., Bartlewski P.M., Pierson R.A., Rawlings N.C. Computer assisted image analyses of corpora lutea in relation to peripheral concentrations of progesterone: a comparison between breeds of sheep with different ovulation rates. Anim Reprod Sci 2006, 96:165-175.
40. Baird D.T., Land R.B., Scaramuzzi R.J., Wheeler A.G. Endocrine changes associated with luteal regression in the ewe: the secretion of ovarian oestradiol, progesterone and androstenedione and uterine prostaglandin F2alpha throughout the oestrous cycle. J Endocrinol 1976, 69:275-286.
41. Engelhardt H., Smith K.B., McNeilly A.S., Baird D.T. Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for inhibin subunits and ovarian secretion of inhibin and estradiol at various stages of the sheep estrous cycle. Biol Reprod 1993, 49:281-294.
42. Young J.M., Henderson S., Souza C., Ludlow H., Groome N., McNeilly A.S. Activin B is produced early in antral follicular development and suppresses thecal androgen production. Reproduction 2012, 143:637-650.
43. Silva P.J., Juengel J.L., Rollyson M.K., Niswender G.D. Prostaglandin metabolism in the ovine corpus luteum: catabolism of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) coincides with resistance of the corpus luteum to PGF(2alpha). Biol Reprod 2000, 63:1229-1236.
44. Ottobre J.S., Lewis G.S., Thayne W.V., Inskeep E.K. Mechanism by which progesterone shortens the estrous cycle of the ewe. Biol Reprod 1980, 23:1046-1053.
45. Lehman M.N., Robinson J.E., Karsch F.J., Silverman A.J. Immunocytochemical localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) pathways in the sheep brain during anestrus and the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. J Comp Neurol 1986, 244:19-35.
46. Boukhliq R., Goodman R.L., Berriman S.J., Adrian B., Lehman M.N. A subset of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the ovine medial basal hypothalamus is activated during increased pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 1999, 140:5929-5936.
47. Moenter S.M., Karsch F.J., Lehman M.N. Fos expression during the estradiol-induced gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) surge of the ewe: induction in GnRH and other neurons. Endocrinology 1993, 133:896-903.
48. Lehman M.N., Karsch F.J., Robinson J.E., Silverman A.J. Ultrastructure and synaptic organization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in the anestrous ewe. J Comp Neurol 1988, 273:447-458.
49. Jansen H.T., Cutter C., Hardy S., Lehman M.N., Goodman R.L. Seasonal plasticity within the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system of the ewe: changes in identified GnRH inputs and glial association. Endocrinology 2003, 144:3663-3676.
50. Jansen H.T., Hileman S.M., Lubbers L.S., Kuehl D.E., Jackson G.L., Lehman M.N. Identification and distribution of neuroendocrine gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the ewe. Biol Reprod 1997, 56:655-662.
51. Tobin V.A., Pompolo S., Clarke I.J. The percentage of pituitary gonadotropes with immunoreactive oestradiol receptors increases in the follicular phase of the ovine oestrous cycle. J Neuroendocrinol 2001, 13:846-854.
52. Lehman M.N., Karsch F.J. Do gonadotropin-releasing hormone, tyrosine hydroxylase-, and beta-endorphin-immunoreactive neurons contain estrogen receptors? A double-label immunocytochemical study in the Suffolk ewe. Endocrinology 1993, 133:887-895.
53. Herbison A.E., Robinson J.E., Skinner D.C. Distribution of estrogen receptor-immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area of the ewe: co-localization with glutamic acid decarboxylase but not luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology 1993, 57:751-759.
54. Skinner D.C., Caraty A., Allingham R. Unmasking the progesterone receptor in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of the ewe: no colocalization with gonadotropin-releasing neurons. Endocrinology 2001, 142:573-579.
55. Skinner D.C., Dufourny L. Oestrogen receptor beta-immunoreactive neurones in the ovine hypothalamus: distribution and colocalisation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 2005, 17:29-39.
56. Goodman R.L., Lehman M.N. Kisspeptin neurons from mice to men: similarities and differences. Endocrinology 2012, 153:5015-5018.
57. Tillet Y., Tourlet S., Picard S., Sizaret P.Y., Caraty A. Morphofunctional interactions between galanin and GnRH-containing neurones in the diencephalon of the ewe. The effect of oestradiol. J Chem Neuroanat 2012, 43:14-19.
58. Foradori C.D., Amstalden M., Coolen L.M., et al. Orphanin FQ: evidence for a role in the control of the reproductive neuroendocrine system. Endocrinology 2007, 148:4993-5001.
59. Smith J.T., Clarke I.J. Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone function in mammals. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010, 21:255-260.
60. Skinner D.C., Herbison A.E. Effects of photoperiod on estrogen receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the ewe hypothalamus. Endocrinology 1997, 138:2585-2595.
61. Pompolo S., Pereira A., Scott C.J., Fujiyma F., Clarke I.J. Evidence for estrogenic regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons by glutamatergic neurons in the ewe brain: an immunohistochemical study using an antibody against vesicular glutamate transporter-2. J Comp Neurol 2003, 465:136-144.
62. Scott C.J., Rawson J.A., Pereira A.M., Clarke I.J. Oestrogen receptors in the brainstem of the female sheep: relationship to noradrenergic cells and cells projecting to the medial preoptic area. J Neuroendocrinol 1999, 11:745-755.
63. Simonian S.X., Delaleu B., Caraty A., Herbison A.E. Estrogen receptor expression in brainstem noradrenergic neurons of the sheep. Neuroendocrinology 1998, 67:392-402.
64. Foradori C.D., Coolen L.M., Fitzgerald M.E., Skinner D.C., Goodman R.L., Lehman M.N. Colocalization of progesterone receptors in parvicellular dynorphin neurons of the ovine preoptic area and hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2002, 143:4366-4374.
65. Goubillon M.L., Forsdike R.A., Robinson J.E., Ciofi P., Caraty A., Herbison A.E. Identification of neurokinin B-expressing neurons as an highly estrogen-receptive, sexually dimorphic cell group in the ovine arcuate nucleus. Endocrinology 2000, 141:4218-4225.
66. Scanlan N., Dufourny L., Skinner D.C. Somatostatin-14 neurons in the ovine hypothalamus: colocalization with estrogen receptor alpha and somatostatin-28(1-12) immunoreactivity, and activation in response to estradiol. Biol Reprod 2003, 69:1318-1324.
67. Pompolo S., Pereira A., Kaneko T., Clarke I.J. Seasonal changes in the inputs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurones in the ewe brain: an assessment by conventional fluorescence and confocal microscopy. J Neuroendocrinol 2003, 15:538-545.
68. Goodman R.L., Jansen H.T., Billings H.J., Coolen L.M., Lehman M.N. Neural systems mediating seasonal breeding in the ewe. J Neuroendocrinol 2010, 22:674-681.
69. Goodman R.L., Coolen L.M., Anderson G.M., et al. Evidence that dynorphin plays a major role in mediating progesterone negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in sheep. Endocrinology 2004, 145:2959-2967.
70. Tourlet S., Ziyazetdinova G., Caraty A., Tramu G., Delsol G., Tillet Y. Oestradiol effect on galanin-immunoreactive neurones in the diencephalon of the ewe. J Neuroendocrinol 2005, 17:145-151.
71. Merkley CM, Coolen LM, Goodman RL, Lehman MN. Direct projections of arcuate KNDy (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin) neurons to GnRH neurons in the sheep. Program, Annual Meeting Society for Neuroscience 2011: Abstr. 712.05.
72. Franceschini I., Lomet D., Cateau M., Delsol G., Tillet Y., Caraty A. Kisspeptin immunoreactive cells of the ovine preoptic area and arcuate nucleus co-express estrogen receptor alpha. Neurosci Lett 2006, 401:225-230.
73. Lehman M.N., Coolen L.M., Goodman R.L. Minireview: kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) cells of the arcuate nucleus: a central node in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 2010, 151:3479-3489.
74. Nestor C.C., Coolen L.M., Nesselrod G.L., et al. Evidence that orphanin FQ mediates progesterone negative feedback in the ewe. Endocrinology 2013, 154:4249-4258.
75. Smith J.T., Coolen L.M., Kriegsfeld L.J., et al. Variation in kisspeptin and RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) expression and terminal connections to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the brain: a novel medium for seasonal breeding in the sheep. Endocrinology 2008, 149:5770-5782.
76. Robinson J.E., Birch R.A., Grindrod J.A., Taylor J.A., Unsworth W.P. Sexually differentiated regulation of GnRH release by gonadal steroid hormones in sheep. Reprod Suppl 2003, 61:299-310.
77. Goodman R.L., Lehman M.N., Smith J.T., et al. Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the ewe express both dynorphin A and neurokinin B. Endocrinology 2007, 148:5752-5760.
78. Qi Y., Oldfield B.J., Clarke I.J. Projections of RFamide-related peptide-3 neurones in the ovine hypothalamus, with special reference to regions regulating energy balance and reproduction. J Neuroendocrinol 2009, 21:690-697.
79. Jansen H.T., Hileman S.M., Lubbers L.S., Jackson G.L., Lehman M.N. A subset of estrogen receptor-containing neurons project to the median eminence in the ewe. J Neuroendocrinol 1996, 8:921-927.
80. Smith J.T., Li Q., Yap K.S., et al. Kisspeptin is essential for the full preovulatory LH surge and stimulates GnRH release from the isolated ovine median eminence. Endocrinology 2011, 152:1001-1012.
81. Goubillon M., Delaleu B., Tillet Y., Caraty A., Herbison A.E. Localization of estrogen-receptive neurons projecting to the GnRH neuron-containing rostral preoptic area of the ewe. Neuroendocrinology 1999, 70:228-236.
82. Dufourny L., Caraty A., Clarke I.J., Robinson J.E., Skinner D.C. Progesterone-receptive beta-endorphin and dynorphin B neurons in the arcuate nucleus project to regions of high gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron density in the ovine preoptic area. Neuroendocrinology 2005, 81:139-149.
83. Dufourny L., Caraty A., Clarke I.J., Robinson J.E., Skinner D.C. Progesterone-receptive dopaminergic and neuropeptide Y neurons project from the arcuate nucleus to gonadotropin-releasing hormone-rich regions of the ovine preoptic area. Neuroendocrinology 2005, 82:21-31.
84. Rawson J.A., Scott C.J., Pereira A., Jakubowska A., Clarke I.J. Noradrenergic projections from the A1 field to the preoptic area in the brain of the ewe and Fos responses to oestrogen in the A1 cells. J Neuroendocrinol 2001, 13:129-138.
85. Tillet Y., Batailler M., Thibault J. Neuronal projections to the medial preoptic area of the sheep, with special reference to monoaminergic afferents: immunohistochemical and retrograde tract tracing studies. J Comp Neurol 1993, 330:195-220.
86. Goubillon M.L., Caraty A., Herbison A.E. Evidence in favour of a direct input from the ventromedial nucleus to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurones in the ewe: an anterograde tracing study. J Neuroendocrinol 2002, 14:95-100.
87. Pompolo S., Rawson J.A., Clarke I.J. Projections from the arcuate/ventromedial region of the hypothalamus to the preoptic area and bed nucleus of stria terminalis in the brain of the ewe; lack of direct input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Brain Res 2001, 904:1-12.
88. Pereira A., Rawson J., Jakubowska A., Clarke I.J. Estradiol-17beta-responsive A1 and A2 noradrenergic cells of the brain stem project to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the ewe brain: a possible route for regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone cells. Neuroscience 2010, 165:758-773.
89. Dufourny L., Skinner D.C. Influence of estradiol on NADPH diaphorase/neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity and colocalization with progesterone or type II glucocorticoid receptors in ovine hypothalamus. Biol Reprod 2002, 67:829-836.
90. Dufourny L., Schofield N., Skinner D.C. Immunoreactive galanin expression in ovine gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurones: no effects of gender or reproductive status. J Neuroendocrinol 2003, 15:1062-1069.
91. Chaillou E., Tramu G., Thibault J., Tillet Y. Presence of galanin in dopaminergic neurons of the sheep infundibular nucleus: a double staining immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 1998, 15:251-259.
92. Whitelaw C.M., Robinson J.E., Hastie P.M., Padmanabhan V., Evans N.P. Effects of cycle stage on regionalised galanin, galanin receptors 1-3, GnRH and GnRH receptor mRNA expression in the ovine hypothalamus. J Endocrinol 2012, 212:353-361.
93. Dufourny L., Skinner D.C. Distribution of galanin receptor 1-immunoreactive neurons in the ovine hypothalamus: colocalization with GnRH. Brain Res 2005, 1054:73-81.
94. Chambers G., Whitelaw C.M., Robinson J.E., Evans N.P. Distribution of galanin receptor-2 immunoreactive neurones in the ovine hypothalamus: no evidence for involvement in the control of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion. J Neuroendocrinol 2007, 19:966-973.
95. Dardente H., Birnie M., Lincoln G.A., Hazlerigg D.G. RFamide-related peptide and its cognate receptor in the sheep: cDNA cloning, mRNA distribution in the hypothalamus and the effect of photoperiod. J Neuroendocrinol 2008, 20:1252-1259.
96. Clarke I.J., Sari I.P., Qi Y., et al. Potent action of RFamide-related peptide-3 on pituitary gonadotropes indicative of a hypophysiotropic role in the negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion. Endocrinology 2008, 149:5811-5821.
97. Weesner G.D., Malven P.V. Intracerebral immunoneutralization of beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin disinhibits release of pituitary luteinizing hormone in sheep. Neuroendocrinology 1990, 52:382-388.
98. Scott C.J., Clarke I.J. Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized ewes during the breeding season by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is mediated by GABA-A receptors, but not GABA-B receptors. Endocrinology 1993, 132:1789-1796.
99. Pillon D., Caraty A., Fabre-Nys C., Lomet D., Cateau M., Bruneau G. Regulation by estradiol of hypothalamic somatostatin gene expression: possible involvement of somatostatin in the control of luteinizing hormone secretion in the ewe. Biol Reprod 2004, 71:38-44.
100. Estienne M.J., Schillo K.K., Hileman S.M., Green M.A., Hayes S.H. Effect of N-methyl-d,l-aspartate on luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized ewes in the absence and presence of estradiol. Biol Reprod 1990, 42:126-130.
101. Messager S., Chatzidaki E.E., Ma D., et al. Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:1761-1766.
102. Billings H.J., Connors J.M., Altman S.N., et al. Neurokinin B acts via the neurokinin-3 receptor in the retrochiasmatic area to stimulate luteinizing hormone secretion in sheep. Endocrinology 2010, 151:3836-3846.
103. Amstalden M., Alves B.R., Liu S., Cardoso R.C., Williams G.L. Neuroendocrine pathways mediating nutritional acceleration of puberty: insights from ruminant models. Front Endocrinol 2011, 2:109.
104. Advis J.P., Klein J., Kuljis R.O., Sarkar D.K., McDonald J.M., Conover C.A. Regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone release by neuropeptide Y at the median eminence during the preovulatory period in ewes. Neuroendocrinology 2003, 77:246-257.
105. Goodman R.L., Maltby M.J., Millar R.P., et al. Evidence that dopamine acts via kisspeptin to hold GnRH pulse frequency in check in anestrous ewes. Endocrinology 2012, 153:5918-5927.
106. Anderson S.T., Walsh J.P., Tillet Y., Clarke I.J., Curlewis J.D. Dopaminergic input to the ventromedial hypothalamus facilitates the oestrogen-induced luteinizing hormone surge in ewes. Neuroendocrinology 2001, 73:91-101.
107. Goodman R.L., Gibson M., Skinner D.C., Lehman M.N. Neuroendocrine control of pulsatile GnRH secretion during the ovarian cycle: evidence from the ewe. Reprod Suppl 2002, 59:41-56.
108. Scott C.J., Cumminst J.T., Clarke I.J. Effects on plasma luteinizing hormone levels of microinjection of noradrenaline and adrenaline into the septo-preoptic area of the brain of the ovariectomized ewe: changes with season and chronic oestrogen treatment. J Neuroendocrinol 1992, 4:131-141.
109. Sari I.P., Rao A., Smith J.T., Tilbrook A.J., Clarke I.J. Effect of RF-amide-related peptide-3 on luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis and secretion in ovine pituitary gonadotropes. Endocrinology 2009, 150:5549-5556.
110. Smith J.T., Young I.R., Veldhuis J.D., Clarke I.J. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) secretion into the ovine hypophyseal portal system. Endocrinology 2012, 153:3368-3375.
111. Clarke I.J., Smith J.T., Henry B.A., et al. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone is a hypothalamic peptide that provides a molecular switch between reproduction and feeding. Neuroendocrinology 2012, 95:305-316.
112. Caraty A., Blomenrohr M., Vogel G.M., Lomet D., Briant C., Beltramo M. RF9 powerfully stimulates gonadotrophin secretion in the ewe: evidence for a seasonal threshold of sensitivity. J Neuroendocrinol 2012, 24:725-736.
113. Maeda K., Ohkura S., Uenoyama Y., et al. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying GnRH pulse generation by the hypothalamus. Brain Res 2010, 1364:103-115.
114. Moenter S.M., Brand R.M., Midgley A.R., Karsch F.J. Dynamics of gonadotropin-releasing hormone release during a pulse. Endocrinology 1992, 130:503-510.
115. Pau K.F., Kuehl D.E., Jackson G.L. Effect of frontal hypothalamic deafferentation on luteinizing hormone secretion and seasonal breeding in the ewe. Biol Reprod 1982, 27:999-1009.
116. Jackson G.L., Kuehl D., McDowell K., Zaleski A. Effect of hypothalamic deafferentation on secretion of luteinizing hormone in the ewe. Biol Reprod 1978, 18:808-819.
117. Thiery J.C., Pelletier J. Multiunit activity in the anterior median eminence and adjacent areas of the hypothalamus of the ewe in relation to LH secretion. Neuroendocrinology 1981, 32:217-224.
118. Roseweir A.K., Kauffman A.S., Smith J.T., et al. Discovery of potent kisspeptin antagonists delineate physiological mechanisms of gonadotropin regulation. J Neurosci 2009, 29:3920-3929.
119. Foradori C.D., Amstalden M., Goodman R.L., Lehman M.N. Colocalisation of dynorphin A and neurokinin B immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of the sheep. J Neuroendocrinol 2006, 18:534-541.
120. Wakabayashi Y., Yamamura T., Sakamoto K., Mori Y., Okamura H. Electrophysiological and morphological evidence for synchronized GnRH pulse generator activity among kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin a (KNDy) neurons in goats. J Reprod Dev 2012, 59:40-48.
121. Ohkura S., Takase K., Matsuyama S., et al. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity in the hypothalamus of the goat. J Neuroendocrinol 2009, 21:813-821.
122. Smith J.T., Li Q., Pereira A., Clarke I.J. Kisspeptin neurons in the ovine arcuate nucleus and preoptic area are involved in the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. Endocrinology 2009, 150:5530-5538.
123. Amstalden M., Coolen L.M., Hemmerle A.M., et al. Neurokinin 3 receptor immunoreactivity in the septal region, preoptic area and hypothalamus of the female sheep: colocalisation in neurokinin B cells of the arcuate nucleus but not in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones. J Neuroendocrinol 2010, 22:1-12.
124. Wakabayashi Y., Nakada T., Murata K., et al. Neurokinin B and dynorphin A in kisspeptin neurons of the arcuate nucleus participate in generation of periodic oscillation of neural activity driving pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in the goat. J Neurosci 2010, 30:3124-3132.
125. Sakamoto K., Murata K., Wakabayashi Y., et al. Central administration of neurokinin B activates kisspeptin/NKB neurons in the arcuate nucleus and stimulates luteinizing hormone secretion in ewes during the non-breeding season. J Reprod Dev 2012, 58:700-706.
126. Goodman R.L., Hileman S.M., Nestor C.C., et al. Kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin act in the ovine arcuate nucleus to control the activity of the GnRH pulse generator. Endocrinology 2013, 154:4259-4269.
127. Goodman R.L., Parfitt D.B., Evans N.P., Dahl G.E., Karsch F.J. Endogenous opioid peptides control the amplitude and shape of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses in the ewe. Endocrinology 1995, 136:2412-2420.
128. Padmanabhan V., Evans N.P., Dahl G.E., McFadden K.L., Mauger D.T., Karsch F.J. Evidence for short or ultrashort loop negative feedback of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Neuroendocrinology 1995, 62:248-258.
129. Caraty A., Locatelli A., Delaleu B., Spitz I.M., Schatz B., Bouchard P. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and GnRH antagonists do not alter endogenous GnRH secretion in short-term castrated rams. Endocrinology 1990, 127:2523-2529.
130. Karsch F.J., Legan S.J., Ryan K.D., Foster D.L. Importance of estradiol and progesterone in regulating LH secretion and estrous behavior during the sheep estrous cycle. Biol Reprod 1980, 23:404-413.
131. Legan S.J., Karsch F.J., Foster D.L. The endocrine control of seasonal reproductive function in the ewe: a marked change in response to the negative feedback action of estradiol on luteinizing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 1977, 101:818-824.
132. Rispoli L.A., Nett T.M. Pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor: structure, distribution and regulation of expression. Anim Reprod Sci 2005, 88:57-74.
133. Robinson J.E., Kendrick K.M. Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion in the ewe by progesterone: associated changes in the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid and noradrenaline in the preoptic area as measured by intracranial microdialysis. J Neuroendocrinol 1992, 4:231-236.
134. Caraty A., Skinner D.C., Huyghe B., et al. The GnRH increase following progesterone withdrawal is associated with an increased glutamatergic tone in the preoptic area of the ovariectomized ewe. Ann NY Acad Sci 1998, 839:363-364.
135. Smith J.T., Clay C.M., Caraty A., Clarke I.J. KiSS-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the hypothalamus of the ewe is regulated by sex steroids and season. Endocrinology 2007, 148:1150-1157.
136. Skinner D.C., Evans N.P., Delaleu B., Goodman R.L., Bouchard P., Caraty A. The negative feedback actions of progesterone on gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion are transduced by the classical progesterone receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998, 95:10978-10983.
137. Foradori C.D., Goodman R.L., Adams V.L., Valent M., Lehman M.N. Progesterone increases dynorphin a concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and preprodynorphin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in a subset of dynorphin neurons in the sheep. Endocrinology 2005, 146:1835-1842.
138. Goodman R.L., Holaskova I., Nestor C.C., et al. Evidence that the arcuate nucleus is an important site of progesterone negative feedback in the ewe. Endocrinology 2011, 152:3451-3460.
139. Goodman R.L., Bittman E.L., Foster D.L., Karsch F.J. The endocrine basis of the synergistic suppression of luteinizing hormone by estradiol and progesterone. Endocrinology 1981, 109:1414-1417.
140. Evans N.P., Dahl G.E., Glover B.H., Karsch F.J. Central regulation of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by estradiol during the period leading up to the preovulatory GnRH surge in the ewe. Endocrinology 1994, 134:1806-1811.
141. Karsch F.J., Foster D.L., Bittman E.L., Goodman R.L. A role for estradiol in enhancing luteinizing hormone pulse frequency during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle of sheep. Endocrinology 1983, 113:1333-1339.
142. Evans N.P., Dahl G.E., Mauger D., Karsch F.J. Estradiol induces both qualitative and quantitative changes in the pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion during the presurge period in the ewe. Endocrinology 1995, 136:1603-1609.
143. Clarke I.J. Multifarious effects of estrogen on the pituitary gonadotrope with special emphasis on studies in the ovine species. Arch Physiol Biochem 2002, 110:62-73.
144. Arreguin-Arevalo J.A., Ashley R.L., Wagenmaker E.R., Oakley A.E., Karsch F.J., Nett T.M. Membrane-initiated actions of estradiol (E2) in the regulation of LH secretion in ovariectomized (OVX) ewes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010, 8:40.
145. Arreguin-Arevalo J.A., Nett T.M. A nongenomic action of 17beta-estradiol as the mechanism underlying the acute suppression of secretion of luteinizing hormone. Biol Reprod 2005, 73:115-122.
146. Arreguin-Arevalo J.A., Nett T.M. A nongenomic action of estradiol as the mechanism underlying the acute suppression of secretion of luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized ewes. Biol Reprod 2006, 74:202-208.
147. Iqbal J., Latchoumanin O., Sari I.P., et al. Estradiol-17beta inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced Ca2+ in gonadotropes to regulate negative feedback on luteinizing hormone release. Endocrinology 2009, 150:4213-4220.
148. Clarke I.J., Cummins J.T. GnRH pulse frequency determines LH pulse amplitude by altering the amount of releasable LH in the pituitary glands of ewes. J Reprod Fertil 1985, 73:425-431.
149. Merkley C.M., Porter K.L., Coolen L.M., et al. KNDy (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin) neurons are activated during both pulsatile and surge secretion of LH in the ewe. Endocrinology 2012, 153:5406-5415.
150. Domanski E., Chomicka L.K., Ostrowska A., Gajewska A., Mateusiak K. Release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, beta-endorphin and noradrenaline by the nucleus infundibularis/median eminence during periovulatory period in the sheep. Neuroendocrinology 1991, 54:151-158.
151. Conover C.D., Kuljis R.O., Rabii J., Advis J.P. Beta-endorphin regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release at the median eminence in ewes: immunocytochemical and physiological evidence. Neuroendocrinology 1993, 57:1182-1195.
152. Evans N.P., Richter T.A., Skinner D.C., Robinson J.E. Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the effects of progesterone on the oestradiol-induced GnRH/LH surge. Reprod Suppl 2002, 59:57-66.
153. Goodman R.L., Legan S.J., Ryan K.D., Foster D.L., Karsch F.J. Importance of variations in behavioural and feedback actions of oestradiol to the control of seasonal breeding in the ewe. J Endocrinol 1981, 89:229-240.
154. Skinner D.C., Harris T.G., Evans N.P. Duration and amplitude of the luteal phase progesterone increment times the estradiol-induced luteinizing hormone surge in ewes. Biol Reprod 2000, 63:1135-1142.
155. Caraty A., Skinner D.C. Progesterone priming is essential for the full expression of the positive feedback effect of estradiol in inducing the preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone surge in the ewe. Endocrinology 1999, 140:165-170.
156. Clarke I.J., Tobin V.A., Pompolo S., Pereira A. Effects of changing gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency and estrogen treatment on levels of estradiol receptor-alpha and induction of Fos and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in pituitary gonadotropes: studies in hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected ewes. Endocrinology 2005, 146:1128-1137.
157. Caraty A., Fabre-Nys C., Delaleu B., et al. Evidence that the mediobasal hypothalamus is the primary site of action of estradiol in inducing the preovulatory gonadotropin releasing hormone surge in the ewe. Endocrinology 1998, 139:1752-1760.
158. Jackson G.L. Effect of adrenergic blocking drugs on secretion of luteinizing hormone in the ovariectomized ewe. Biol Reprod 1977, 16:543-548.
159. Fabre-Nys C., Chesneau D., de la Riva C., et al. Biphasic role of dopamine on female sexual behaviour via D2 receptors in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Neuropharmacology 2003, 44:354-366.
160. Pillon D., Caraty A., Fabre-Nys C., Bruneau G. Early decrease of proopiomelanocortin but not neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the ewe, during the estradiol-induced preovulatory LH surge. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2003, 134:264-272.
161. Clarke I.J., Pompolo S., Scott C.J., et al. Cells of the arcuate nucleus and ventromedial nucleus of the ovariectomized ewe that respond to oestrogen: a study using Fos immunohistochemistry. J Neuroendocrinol 2001, 13:934-941.
162. Currie W.D., Joseph I.B., Rawlings N.C. Morphine, naloxone and the gonadotrophin surge in ewes. J Reprod Fertil 1991, 92:407-414.
163. Walsh J.P., Clarke I.J. Effects of central administration of highly selective opioid mu-, delta- and kappa-receptor agonists on plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and the estrogen-induced LH surge in ovariectomized ewes. Endocrinology 1996, 137:3640-3648.
164. Robinson J.E., Kendrick K.M., Lambart C.E. Changes in the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid and catecholamines in the preoptic/septal area prior to and during the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone in the ewe. J Neuroendocrinol 1991, 3:393-399.
165. Hoffman G.E., Le W.W., Franceschini I., Caraty A., Advis J.P. Expression of fos and in vivo median eminence release of LHRH identifies an active role for preoptic area kisspeptin neurons in synchronized surges of LH and LHRH in the ewe. Endocrinology 2011, 152:214-222.
166. Estrada K.M., Clay C.M., Pompolo S., Smith J.T., Clarke I.J. Elevated KiSS-1 expression in the arcuate nucleus prior to the cyclic preovulatory gonadotrophin-releasing hormone/lutenising hormone surge in the ewe suggests a stimulatory role for kisspeptin in oestrogen-positive feedback. J Neuroendocrinol 2006, 18:806-809.
167. Clarke I.J., Scott C.J., Pereira A., Rawson J. Levels of dopamine beta hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the preoptic hypothalamus of the ovariectomised ewe following injection of oestrogen: evidence for increased noradrenaline release around the time of the oestrogen-induced surge in luteinizing hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 1999, 11:503-512.
168. Pillon D., Caraty A., Fabre-Nys C., Bruneau G. Short-term effect of oestradiol on neurokinin B mRNA expression in the infundibular nucleus of ewes. J Neuroendocrinol 2003, 15:749-753.
169. Porter K.L., Hileman S.M., Hardy S.L., Connors J.M., Goodman R.L. Neurokinin B signaling in the retrochiasmatic is essential for the full preovulatory LH surge in the ewe. Program, Annual Meeting Society for Neuroscience 2013, Abstr 247.03.
170. Estrada K.M., Pompolo S., Morris M.J., Tilbrook A.J., Clarke I.J. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) delays the oestrogen-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in the ovariectomized ewe: further evidence that NPY has a predominant negative effect on LH secretion in the ewe. J Neuroendocrinol 2003, 15:1011-1020.
171. Robinson J.E., Grindrod J., Jeurissen S., Taylor J.A., Unsworth W.P. Prenatal exposure of the ovine fetus to androgens reduces the proportion of neurons in the ventromedial and arcuate nucleus that are activated by short-term exposure to estrogen. Biol Reprod 2010, 82:163-170.
172. Horton R.J., Clarke I.J. Lack of an effect of morphine or naloxone on the oestrogen-induced LH surge in anoestrous ewes. J Endocrinol 1988, 119:89-93.
173. Pineda R., Garcia-Galiano D., Roseweir A., et al. Critical roles of kisspeptins in female puberty and preovulatory gonadotropin surges as revealed by a novel antagonist. Endocrinology 2010, 151:722-730.
174. Fergani C, Routly JE, Pickavance LC, Smith RF, Dobson H. Activation of estrogen receptor alpha-containing cells in the medial preoptic area, arcuate nucleus and ventromedial nucleus of intact ewes during the follicular phase and its alteration after endotoxin. Program, 94th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society 2012: Abstr. SUN-689.
175. Richter T.A., Robinson J.E., Evans N.P. Progesterone treatment that either blocks or augments the estradiol-induced gonadotropin-releasing hormone surge is associated with different patterns of hypothalamic neural activation. Neuroendocrinology 2001, 73:378-386.
176. Kasa-Vubu J.Z., Dahl G.E., Evans N.P., et al. Progesterone blocks the estradiol-induced gonadotropin discharge in the ewe by inhibiting the surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 1992, 131:208-212.
177. Skinner D.C., Bouchard P., Caraty A. The progesterone blockade of the luteinizing hormone surge is overcome by RU486. J Neuroendocrinol 1999, 11:637-641.
178. Richter T.A., Robinson J.E., Evans N.P. Progesterone blocks the estradiol-stimulated luteinizing hormone surge by disrupting activation in response to a stimulatory estradiol signal in the ewe. Biol Reprod 2002, 67:119-125.
179. Harris T.G., Dye S., Robinson J.E., Skinner D.C., Evans N.P. Progesterone can block transmission of the estradiol-induced signal for luteinizing hormone surge generation during a specific period of time immediately after activation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone surge-generating system. Endocrinology 1999, 140:827-834.
180. Blache D., Fabre-Nys C., Venier G. Inhibition of sexual behaviour and the luteinizing hormone surge by intracerebral progesterone implants in the female sheep. Brain Res 1996, 741:117-122.
181. Richter T.A., Robinson J.E., Lozano J.M., Evans N.P. Progesterone can block the preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinising hormone surge in the ewe by a direct inhibitory action on oestradiol-responsive cells within the hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2005, 17:161-169.
182. Richter T.A., Spackman D.S., Robinson J.E., et al. Role of endogenous opioid peptides in mediating progesterone-induced disruption of the activation and transmission stages of the GnRH surge induction process. Endocrinology 2001, 142:5212-5219.
183. Currie W.D., Ravindra J., Kingsbury D.L., Rawlings N.C. Independence of progesterone blockade of the luteinizing hormone surge in ewes from opioid activity at naloxone-sensitive receptors. J Reprod Fertil 1992, 95:249-255.
184. Duggavathi R., Bartlewski P.M., Agg E., Flint S., Barrett D.M., Rawlings N.C. The effect of the manipulation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-peak characteristics on follicular wave dynamics in sheep: does an ovarian-independent endogenous rhythm in FSH secretion exist?. Biol Reprod 2005, 72:1466-1474.
185. Fafioffe A., Ethier J.F., Fontaine J., JeanPierre E., Taragnat C., Dupont J. Activin and inhibin receptor gene expression in the ewe pituitary throughout the oestrous cycle. J Endocrinol 2004, 182:55-68.
186. Sallon C., Faure M.O., Fontaine J., Taragnat C. Dynamic regulation of pituitary mRNAs for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, BMP receptors, and activin/inhibin subunits in the ewe during the estrous cycle and in cultured pituitary cells. J Endocrinol 2010, 207:55-65.
187. Sharma T.P., Nett T.M., Karsch F.J., et al. Neuroendocrine control of FSH secretion: IV. Hypothalamic control of pituitary FSH-regulatory proteins and their relationship to changes in FSH synthesis and secretion. Biol Reprod 2012, 86:1-9.
188. Faure M.O., Nicol L., Fabre S., et al. BMP-4 inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in ewe pituitary. J Endocrinol 2005, 186:109-121.
189. Young J.M., Juengel J.L., Dodds K.G., et al. The activin receptor-like kinase 6 Booroola mutation enhances suppressive effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), BMP4, BMP6 and growth and differentiation factor-9 on FSH release from ovine primary pituitary cell cultures. J Endocrinol 2008, 196:251-261.
190. Huang H.J., Wu J.C., Su P., Zhirnov O., Miller W.L. A novel role for bone morphogenetic proteins in the synthesis of follicle-stimulating hormone. Endocrinology 2001, 142:2275-2283.
191. Fabre-Nys C., Martin G.B. Roles of progesterone and oestradiol in determining the temporal sequence and quantitative expression of sexual receptivity and the preovulatory LH surge in the ewe. J Endocrinol 1991, 130:367-379.
192. Ben Said S., Lomet D., Chesneau D., et al. Roles of progesterone and oestradiol in determining the temporal sequence and quantitative expression of sexual receptivity and the preovulatory LH surge in the ewe. Biol Reprod 2007, 76:673-680.
193. Fabre-Nys C., Martin G.B., Venier G. Analysis of the hormonal control of female sexual behavior and the preovulatory LH surge in the ewe: roles of quantity of estradiol and duration of its presence. Horm Behav 1993, 27:108-121.
194. Blache D., Fabre-Nys C.J., Venier G. Ventromedial hypothalamus as a target for oestradiol action on proceptivity, receptivity and luteinizing hormone surge of the ewe. Brain Res 1991, 546:241-249.
195. Blache D., Batailler M., Fabre-Nys C. Oestrogen receptors in the preoptico-hypothalamic continuum: immunohistochemical study of the distribution and cell density during induced oestrous cycle in ovariectomized ewe. J Neuroendocrinol 1994, 6:329-339.
196. Fabre-Nys C., Blache D., Hinton M.R., Goode J.A., Kendrick K.M. Microdialysis measurement of neurochemical changes in the mediobasal hypothalamus of ovariectomized ewes during oestrus. Brain Res 1994, 649:282-296.
197. Skinner D.C., Malpaux B., Delaleu B., Caraty A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone in third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of the ewe: correlation with LH pulses and the LH surge. Endocrinology 1995, 136:3230-3237.
198. Caraty A., Delaleu B., Chesneau D., Fabre-Nys C. Sequential role of e2 and GnRH for the expression of estrous behavior in ewes. Endocrinology 2002, 143:139-145.
199. Barrett D.M., Bartlewski P.M., Duggavathi R., Davies K.L., Rawlings N.C. Suppression of follicle wave emergence in cyclic ewes by supraphysiologic concentrations of estradiol-17beta and induction with a physiologic dose of exogenous ovine follicle-stimulating hormone. Biol Reprod 2006, 75:633-641.
200. Evans A.C., Flynn J.D., Duffy P., Knight P.G., Boland M.P. Effects of ovarian follicle ablation on FSH, oestradiol and inhibin A concentrations and growth of other follicles in sheep. Reproduction 2002, 123:59-66.
201. Campbell B.K., Dobson H., Scaramuzzi R.J. Ovarian function in ewes made hypogonadal with GnRH antagonist and stimulated with FSH in the presence or absence of low amplitude LH pulses. J Endocrinol 1998, 156:213-222.
202. Gonzalez-Bulnes A., Souza C.J., Campbell B.K., Baird D.T. Systemic and intraovarian effects of dominant follicles on ovine follicular growth. Anim Reprod Sci 2004, 84:107-119.
203. Devonish E.H., Knights M., Inskeep E.K. Effect of the expected peripheral concentration of progesterone on ovulation rate and litter size in Barbados blackbelly ewes. Sheep Goat Res J 2009, 24:17-25.
204. Campbell B.K., Kendall N.R., Baird D.T. The effect of the presence and pattern of luteinizing hormone stimulation on ovulatory follicle development in sheep. Biol Reprod 2007, 76:719-727.
205. Keisler D.H., Inskeep E.K., Dailey R.A. Roles of pattern of secretion of luteinizing hormone and the ovary in attainment of puberty in ewe lambs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1985, 2:125-132.
206. Webb R., Nicholas B., Gong J.G., et al. Mechanisms regulating follicular development and selection of the dominant follicle. Reprod Suppl 2003, 61:71-90.
207. Knights M., Baptiste Q.S., Dixon A.B., et al. Effects of dosage of FSH, vehicle and time of treatment on ovulation rate and prolificacy in ewes during the anestrous season. Small Rumin Res 2003, 50:1-9.
208. Montgomery G.W., Galloway S.M., Davis G.H., McNatty K.P. Genes controlling ovulation rate in sheep. Reproduction 2001, 121:843-852.
209. Fabre S., Pierre A., Mulsant P., et al. Regulation of ovulation rate in mammals: contribution of sheep genetic models. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006, 4:20.
210. Otsuka F., McTavish K.J., Shimasaki S. Integral role of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in ovarian function. Mol Reprod Dev 2011, 78:9-21.
211. Juengel J.L., Hudson N.L., Whiting L., McNatty K.P. Effects of immunization against bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 on ovulation rate, fertilization, and pregnancy in ewes. Biol Reprod 2004, 70:557-561.
212. Juengel J.L., Quirke L.D., Lun S., Heath D.A., Johnstone P.D., McNatty K.P. Effects of immunizing ewes against bone morphogenetic protein 15 on their responses to exogenous gonadotrophins to induce multiple ovulations. Reproduction 2011, 142:565-572.
213. Davis G.H., Dodds K.G., Wheeler R., Jay N.P. Evidence that an imprinted gene on the X chromosome increases ovulation rate in sheep. Biol Reprod 2001, 64:216-221.
214. McNatty K.P., Moore L.G., Hudson N.L., et al. The oocyte and its role in regulating ovulation rate: a new paradigm in reproductive biology. Reproduction 2004, 128:379-386.
215. Nicol L., Bishop S.C., Pong-Wong R., et al. Homozygosity for a single base-pair mutation in the oocyte-specific GDF9 gene results in sterility in Thoka sheep. Reproduction 2009, 138:921-933.
216. Silva B.D., Castro E.A., Souza C.J., et al. A new polymorphism in the growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) gene is associated with increased ovulation rate and prolificacy in homozygous sheep. Anim Genet 2011, 42:89-92.
217. Crawford J.L., Heath D.A., Reader K.L., et al. Oocytes in sheep homozygous for a mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B express lower mRNA levels of bone morphogenetic protein 15 but not growth differentiation factor 9. Reproduction 2011, 142:53-61.
218. Memon G.N., Antoniewicz R.J., Benevenga N.J., Pope A.L., Casida L.E. Some effects of differences in dietary energy and protein levels on the ovary and the anterior pituitary gland of the ewe. J Anim Sci 1969, 28:57-62.
219. Coop I.E. Effect of flushing on reproductive performance of ewes. J Agric Sci 1966, 67:307-323.
220. Viñoles C., Paganoni B., Glover K.M., et al. The use of a "first-wave" model to study the effect of nutrition on ovarian follicular dynamics and ovulation rate in the sheep. Reproduction 2010, 140:865-874.
221. Picton H.M., McNeilly A.S. Effect of basal and pulsatile LH release on FSH-stimulated follicle growth in ewes chronically treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist. J Endocrinol 1991, 128:449-456.
222. Campbell B.K., Baird D.T. Inhibin A is a follicle stimulating hormone-responsive marker of granulosa cell differentiation, which has both autocrine and paracrine actions in sheep. J Endocrinol 2001, 169:333-345.
223. Souza C.J., Campbell B.K., McNeilly A.S., Baird D.T. Effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) on oestradiol and inhibin A production by sheep granulosa cells, and localization of BMP receptors in the ovary by immunohistochemistry. Reproduction 2002, 123:363-369.
224. Campbell B.K., Kendall N.R., Baird D.T. Effect of direct ovarian infusion of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) on ovarian function in sheep. Biol Reprod 2009, 81:1016-1023.
225. Kendall N.R., Gutierrez C.G., Scaramuzzi R.J., Baird D.T., Webb R., Campbell B.K. Direct in vivo effects of leptin on ovarian steroidogenesis in sheep. Reproduction 2004, 128:757-765.
226. Campbell B.K., Clinton M., Webb R. The role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) during follicle development in a monovulatory species (sheep). Endocrinology 2012, 153:4533-4543.
227. Niswender G.D., Schwall R.H., Fitz T.A., Farin C.E., Sawyer H.R. Regulation of luteal function in domestic ruminants: new concepts. Recent Prog Horm Res 1985, 41:101-151.
228. Niswender G.D., Juengel J.L., Silva P.J., Rollyson M.K., McIntush E.W. Mechanisms controlling the function and life span of the corpus luteum. Physiol Rev 2000, 80:1-29.
229. Niswender G.D., Davis T.L., Griffith R.J., et al. Judge, jury and executioner: the auto-regulation of luteal function. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2007, 64:191-206.
230. Miyamoto A., Shirasuna K., Shimizu T., Bollwein H., Schams D. Regulation of corpus luteum development and maintenance: specific roles of angiogenesis and action of prostaglandin F2alpha. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2010, 67:289-304.
231. Stocco C., Telleria C., Gibori G. The molecular control of corpus luteum formation, function, and regression. Endocr Rev 2007, 28:117-149.
232. Benoit A.M., Inskeep E.K., Dailey R.A. Effect of a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor on in vitro and in vivo secretion of estradiol and on the estrous cycle in ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1992, 9:313-327.
233. Juengel J.L., Nett T.M., Anthony R.V., Niswender G.D. Effects of luteotrophic and luteolytic hormones on expression of mRNA encoding insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor in the ovine corpus luteum. J Reprod Fertil 1997, 110:291-298.
234. Perks C.M., Denning-Kendall P.A., Gilmour R.S., Wathes D.C. Localization of messenger ribonucleic acids for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, and the type 1 IGF receptor in the ovine ovary throughout the estrous cycle. Endocrinology 1995, 136:5266-5273.
235. Sayre B.L., Taft R., Inskeep E.K., Killefer J. Increased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 during induced regression of bovine corpora lutea. Biol Reprod 2000, 63:21-29.
236. Niswender G.D. Molecular control of luteal secretion of progesterone. Reproduction 2002, 123:333-339.
237. Borowczyk E., Johnson M.L., Bilski J.J., et al. Role of gap junctions in regulation of progesterone secretion by ovine luteal cells in vitro. Reproduction 2007, 133:641-651.
238. McCracken J.A. Prostaglandin F2alpha: the luteolytic hormone. The eicosanoids 2004, 525-545. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken,NJ. P. Curtis-Prior (Ed.).
239. Bonnin P., Huynh L., L'Haridon R., Chene N., Martal J. Transport of uterine PGF2 alpha to the ovaries by systemic circulation and local lymphovenous-arterial diffusion during luteolysis in sheep. J Reprod Fertil 1999, 116:199-210.
240. Stone G.M., Murphy L., Miller B.G. Hormone receptor levels and metabolic activity in the uterus of the ewe: regulation by oestradiol and progesterone. Aust J Biol Sci 1978, 31:395-403.
241. Banu S.K., Lee J., Satterfield M.C., Spencer T.E., Bazer F.W., Arosh J.A. Molecular cloning and characterization of prostaglandin (PG) transporter in ovine endometrium: role for multiple cell signaling pathways in transport of PGF2alpha. Endocrinology 2008, 149:219-231.
242. Ginther O.J., Beg M.A. Dynamics of circulating progesterone concentrations before and during luteolysis: a comparison between cattle and horses. Biol Reprod 2012, 86:170.
243. Ginther O.J., Beg M.A. The hour of transition into luteolysis in horses and cattle: a species comparison. Theriogenology 2012, 77:1731-1740.
244. Juengel J.L., Haworth J.D., Rollyson M.K., Silva P.J., Sawyer H.R., Niswender G.D. Effect of dose of prostaglandin F(2alpha) on steroidogenic components and oligonucleosomes in ovine luteal tissue. Biol Reprod 2000, 62:1047-1051.
245. Davis T.L., Bott R.C., Slough T.L., Bruemmer J.E., Niswender G.D. Progesterone inhibits oxytocin- and prostaglandin F2alpha-stimulated increases in intracellular calcium concentrations in small and large ovine luteal cells. Biol Reprod 2010, 82:282-288.
246. Lamsa J.C., Kot S.J., Eldering J.A., Nay M.G., McCracken J.A. Prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated release of ovarian oxytocin in the sheep in vivo: threshold and dose dependency. Biol Reprod 1989, 40:1215-1223.
247. Ricke W.A., Smith G.W., McIntush E.W., Smith M.F. Analysis of luteal tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3 during prostaglandin F(2alpha)-induced luteolysis. Biol Reprod 2002, 66:1387-1394.
248. Towle T.A., Tsang P.C., Milvae R.A., Newbury M.K., McCracken J.A. Dynamic in vivo changes in tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, during prostaglandin F(2alpha)-induced luteolysis in sheep. Biol Reprod 2002, 66:1515-1521.
249. Vonnahme K.A., Redmer D.A., Borowczyk E., et al. Vascular composition, apoptosis, and expression of angiogenic factors in the corpus luteum during prostaglandin F2alpha-induced regression in sheep. Reproduction 2006, 131:1115-1126.
250. Hinckley S.T., Milvae R.A. Endothelin-1 mediates prostaglandin F(2alpha)-induced luteal regression in the ewe. Biol Reprod 2001, 64:1619-1623.
251. Ohtani M., Takase S., Wijayagunawardane M.P., Tetsuka M., Miyamoto A. Local interaction of prostaglandin F 2alpha with endothelin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the release of progesterone and oxytocin in ovine corpora lutea in vivo: a possible implication for a luteolytic cascade. Reproduction 2004, 127:117-124.
252. Ji I., Slaughter R.G., Ellis J.A., Ji T.H., Murdoch W.J. Analyses of ovine corpora lutea for tumor necrosis factor mRNA and bioactivity during prostaglandin-induced luteolysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991, 81:77-80.
253. Heap R.B., Fleet I.R., Davis A.J., et al. Neurotransmitters and lymphatic-vascular transfer of prostaglandin F2 alpha stimulate ovarian oxytocin output in sheep. J Endocrinol 1989, 122:147-159.
254. Skarzynski D.J., Okuda K. Inter- and intra-cellular mechanisms of prostaglandin F2alpha action during corpus luteum regression in cattle. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2010, 67:305-324.
255. Smith G.W., McCrone S., Petersen S.L., Smith M.F. Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 within ovine follicles and corpora lutea. Endocrinology 1995, 136:570-576.
256. Ricke W.A., Smith G.W., Reynolds L.P., Redmer D.A., Smith M.F. Matrix metalloproteinase (2, 9, and 14) expression, localization, and activity in ovine corpora lutea throughout the estrous cycle. Biol Reprod 2002, 66:1083-1094.
257. Ashley R.L., Clay C.M., Farmerie T.A., Niswender G.D., Nett T.M. Cloning and characterization of an ovine intracellular seven transmembrane receptor for progesterone that mediates calcium mobilization. Endocrinology 2006, 147:4151-4159.
258. Rothchild I. The regulation of the mammalian corpus luteum. Recent Prog Horm Res 1981, 37:183-298.
259. Peluso J.J., Pappalardo A., Losel R., Wehling M. Progesterone membrane receptor component 1 expression in the immature rat ovary and its role in mediating progesterone's antiapoptotic action. Endocrinology 2006, 147:3133-3140.
260. Goyeneche A.A., Deis R.P., Gibori G., Telleria C.M. Progesterone promotes survival of the rat corpus luteum in the absence of cognate receptors. Biol Reprod 2003, 68:151-158.
261. Flint A.P., Sheldrick E.L., McCann T.J., Jones D.S. Luteal oxytocin: characteristics and control of synchronous episodes of oxytocin and PGF2 alpha secretion at luteolysis in ruminants. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1990, 7:111-124.
262. Atli M.O., Bender R.W., Mehta V., et al. Patterns of gene expression in the bovine corpus luteum following repeated intrauterine infusions of low doses of prostaglandin F2alpha. Biol Reprod 2012, 86:130.
263. Pate J.L., Toyokawa K., Walusimbi S., Brzezicka E. The interface of the immune and reproductive systems in the ovary: lessons learned from the corpus luteum of domestic animal models. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010, 64:275-286.
264. Pate J.L., Johnson-Larson C.J., Ottobre J.S. Life or death decisions in the corpus luteum. Reprod Domest Anim 2012, 47:297-303.
265. Poole D.H., Pate J.L. Luteal microenvironment directs resident T lymphocyte function in cows. Biol Reprod 2012, 86:29. 1-10.
266. Ndiaye K., Poole D.H., Walusimbi S., et al. Progesterone effects on lymphocytes may be mediated by membrane progesterone receptors. J Reprod Immunol 2012, 95:15-26.
267. Ndiaye K., Poole D.H., Pate J.L. Expression and regulation of functional oxytocin receptors in bovine T lymphocytes. Biol Reprod 2008, 78:786-793.
268. Doerr M.D., Goravanahally M.P., Rhinehart J.D., Inskeep E.K., Flores J.A. Effects of endothelin receptor type-A and type-B antagonists on prostaglandin F2alpha-induced luteolysis of the sheep corpus luteum. Biol Reprod 2008, 78:688-696.
269. Shirasuna K., Shimizu T., Hayashi K.G., Nagai K., Matsui M., Miyamoto A. Positive association, in local release, of luteal oxytocin with endothelin 1 and prostaglandin F2alpha during spontaneous luteolysis in the cow: a possible intermediatory role for luteolytic cascade within the corpus luteum. Biol Reprod 2007, 76:965-970.
270. Perea-Ganchou F., Mankey J.E., Goravanahally M.P., Inskeep E.K., Flores J.A. Effect of chronic administration of endothelin receptor type A antagonist (BQ-610) on functional lifespan of the corpus luteum in sheep. Rev Cient 2012, 22:321-331.
271. Weems Y.S., Johnson D., Uchima T., et al. Is endothelin-1 luteolytic or antiluteolytic in ewes?. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009, 90:63-68.
272. Weems Y.S., Lennon E., Uchima T., et al. Mechanism whereby nitric oxide (NO) infused chronically intrauterine in ewes is antiluteolytic rather than being luteolytic. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2008, 85:33-41.
273. Bazer F.W., Burghardt R.C., Johnson G.A., Spencer T.E., Wu G. Interferons and progesterone for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy: interactions among novel cell signaling pathways. Reprod Biol 2008, 8:179-211.
274. Weems Y.S., Bridges P.J., Jeoung M., et al. In vivo intra-luteal implants of prostaglandin (PG) E1 or E2 (PGE1, PGE2) prevent luteolysis in cows. II: mRNA for PGF2alpha, EP1, EP2, EP3 (A-D), EP3A, EP3B, EP3C, EP3D, and EP4 prostanoid receptors in luteal tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012, 97:60-65.
275. Weems Y.S., Arreguin-Arevalo J.A., Nett T.M., et al. In vivo intra-luteal implants of prostaglandin (PG) E(1) or E(2) (PGE(1), PGE(2)) prevent luteolysis in cows. I. Luteal weight, circulating progesterone, mRNA for luteal luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor, and occupied and unoccupied luteal receptors for LH. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011, 95:35-44.
276. Weems C.W., Weems Y.S., Randel R.D. Prostaglandins and reproduction in female farm animals. Vet J 2006, 171:206-228.
277. Spencer T.E., Stagg A.G., Ott T.L., Johnson G.A., Ramsey W.S., Bazer F.W. Differential effects of intrauterine and subcutaneous administration of recombinant ovine interferon tau on the endometrium of cyclic ewes. Biol Reprod 1999, 61:464-470.
278. Bott R.C., Ashley R.L., Henkes L.E., et al. Uterine vein infusion of interferon tau (IFNT) extends luteal life span in ewes. Biol Reprod 2010, 82:725-735.
279. Hansen T.R., Henkes L.K., Ashley R.L., Bott R.C., Antoniazzi A.Q., Han H. Endocrine actions of interferon-tau in ruminants. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2010, 67:325-340.
280. Lee J., McCracken J.A., Stanley J.A., Nithy T.K., Banu S.K., Arosh J.A. Intraluteal prostaglandin biosynthesis and signaling are selectively directed towards PGF2alpha during luteolysis but towards PGE2 during the establishment of pregnancy in sheep. Biol Reprod 2012, 87:97. 1-14.
281. Weems Y.S., Nett T.M., Rispoli L.A., et al. Effects of prostaglandin E and F receptor agonists in vivo on luteal function in ewes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2010, 92:67-72.
282. Sen A., Choudhary E., Inskeep E.K., Flores J.A. Effects of selective protein kinase c isozymes in prostaglandin2alpha-induced Ca2+ signaling and luteinizing hormone-induced progesterone accumulation in the mid-phase bovine corpus luteum. Biol Reprod 2005, 72:976-984.
283. Goravanahally M.P., Salem M., Yao J., Inskeep E.K., Flores J.A. Differential gene expression in the bovine corpus luteum during transition from early phase to midphase and its potential role in acquisition of luteolytic sensitivity to prostaglandin F2 alpha. Biol Reprod 2009, 80:980-988.
284. Wright M.F., McDermott E.L., Tate S., Pareso S., Inskeep E.K., Flores J.A. Intracellular calcium homeostatic mechanisms of early and mid-phase bovine corpora lutea. Biol Reprod 2011, 85:213. (abstr).
285. Diaz F.J., Luo W., Wiltbank M.C. Effect of decreasing intraluteal progesterone on sensitivity of the early porcine corpus luteum to the luteolytic actions of prostaglandin F2alpha. Biol Reprod 2011, 84:26-33.
286. Luo W., Diaz F.J., Wiltbank M.C. Induction of mRNA for chemokines and chemokine receptors by prostaglandin F2alpha is dependent upon stage of the porcine corpus luteum and intraluteal progesterone. Endocrinology 2011, 152:2797-2805.
287. Knobil E. On the control of gonadotropin secretion in the rhesus monkey. Recent Prog Horm Res 1974, 30:1-46.
288. Hansel W., Echternkamp S.E. Control of ovarian function in domestic animals. Am Zoologist 1972, 12:225-243.
289. McCracken J.A., Glew M.E., Scaramuzzi R.J. Corpus luteum regression induced by prostagland in F2-alpha. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1970, 30:544-546.
290. Cumming I.A. The first James Russel Goding Memorial Lecture of the Australian Society for Reproductive Biology. The ovine and bovine oestrous cycle. An appreciation of J. R. Goding's contribution to the understanding of the oestrous cycle. J Reprod Fertil 1975, 43:583-596.
291. Goding J.R., Buckmaster J.M., Cerini J.C., et al. Gonadotrophins in the ovine oestrous cycle. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1973, 18:31-37.
292. Karsch F.J. Twenty-fifth Annual Bowditch Lecture. Seasonal reproduction: a stage of reversible fertility. Physiologist 1980, 23:29-38.
293. Baird D.T., McNeilly A.S. Gonadotrophic control of follicular development and function during the oestrous cycle of the ewe. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1981, 30:119-133.
294. Lehman M.N., Ladha Z., Coolen L.M., Hileman S.M., Connors J.M., Goodman R.L. Neuronal plasticity and seasonal reproduction in sheep. Eur J Neurosci 2010, 32:2152-2164.
295. Marshall F.H.A. On change over in oestrous cycle in animals after transference across equator, with further observations on incidence of breeding season and factors controlling sexual periodicity. Proc R Soc Lond B 1937, 122:413-428.
296. Yeates N.T.M. The breeding season of the sheep with particular reference to its modification by artificial means using light. J Agric Sci 1949, 39:1-43.
297. Goldman B.D. Mammalian photoperiodic system: formal properties and neuroendocrine mechanisms of photoperiodic time measurement. J Biol Rhythms 2001, 16:283-301.
298. Karsch F.J., Goodman R.L., Legan S.J. Feedback basis of seasonal breeding: test of an hypothesis. J Reprod Fertil 1980, 58:521-535.
299. Malpaux B., Daveau A., Maurice-Mandon F., Duarte G., Chemineau P. Evidence that melatonin acts in the premammillary hypothalamic area to control reproduction in the ewe: presence of binding sites and stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion by in situ microimplant delivery. Endocrinology 1998, 139:1508-1516.
300. Hanon E.A., Lincoln G.A., Fustin J.M., et al. Ancestral TSH mechanism signals summer in a photoperiodic mammal. Curr Biol 2008, 18:1147-1152.
301. Karsch F.J., Dahl G.E., Hachigian T.M., Thrun L.A. Involvement of thyroid hormones in seasonal reproduction. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1995, 49:409-422.
302. Anderson G.M., Hardy S.L., Valent M., Billings H.J., Connors J.M., Goodman R.L. Evidence that thyroid hormones act in the ventromedial preoptic area and the premammillary region of the brain to allow the termination of the breeding season in the ewe. Endocrinology 2003, 144:2892-2901.
303. Revel F.G., Masson-Pevet M., Pevet P., Mikkelsen J.D., Simonneaux V. Melatonin controls seasonal breeding by a network of hypothalamic targets. Neuroendocrinology 2009, 90:1-14.
304. Nakao N., Ono H., Yoshimura T. Thyroid hormones and seasonal reproductive neuroendocrine interactions. Reproduction 2008, 136:1-8.
305. Billings H.J., Viguie C., Karsch F.J., Goodman R.L., Connors J.M., Anderson G.M. Temporal requirements of thyroid hormones for seasonal changes in LH secretion. Endocrinology 2002, 143:2618-2625.
306. Thiery J.C., Martin G.B., Tillet Y., et al. Role of hypothalamic catecholamines in the regulation of luteinizing hormone and prolactin secretion in the ewe during seasonal anestrus. Neuroendocrinology 1989, 49:80-87.
307. Anderson G.M., Connors J.M., Hardy S.L., Valent M., Goodman R.L. Oestradiol microimplants in the ventromedial preoptic area inhibit secretion of luteinizing hormone via dopamine neurones in anoestrous ewes. J Neuroendocrinol 2001, 13:1051-1058.
308. Gallegos-Sanchez J., Delaleu B., Caraty A., Malpaux B., Thiery J.C. Estradiol acts locally within the retrochiasmatic area to inhibit pulsatile luteinizing-hormone release in the female sheep during anestrus. Biol Reprod 1997, 56:1544-1549.
309. Hardy S.L., Anderson G.M., Valent M., Connors J.M., Goodman R.L. Evidence that estrogen receptor alpha, but not beta, mediates seasonal changes in the response of the ovine retrochiasmatic area to estradiol. Biol Reprod 2003, 68:846-852.
310. Adams V.L., Goodman R.L., Salm A.K., Coolen L.M., Karsch F.J., Lehman M.N. Morphological plasticity in the neural circuitry responsible for seasonal breeding in the ewe. Endocrinology 2006, 147:4843-4851.
311. Bogusz A.L., Hardy S.L., Lehman M.N., et al. Evidence that gamma-aminobutyric acid is part of the neural circuit mediating estradiol negative feedback in anestrous ewes. Endocrinology 2008, 149:2762-2772.
312. Singh S.R., Hileman S.M., Connors J.M., et al. Estradiol negative feedback regulation by glutamatergic afferents to A15 dopaminergic neurons: variation with season. Endocrinology 2009, 150:4663-4671.
313. Chalivoix S., Bagnolini A., Caraty A., Cognie J., Malpaux B., Dufourny L. Effects of photoperiod on kisspeptin neuronal populations of the ewe diencephalon in connection with reproductive function. J Neuroendocrinol 2010, 22:110-118.
314. Caraty A., Smith J.T., Lomet D., et al. Kisspeptin synchronizes preovulatory surges in cyclical ewes and causes ovulation in seasonally acyclic ewes. Endocrinology 2007, 148:5258-5267.
315. Sebert M.E., Lomet D., Said S.B., et al. Insights into the mechanism by which kisspeptin stimulates a preovulatory LH surge and ovulation in seasonally acyclic ewes: potential role of estradiol. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010, 38:289-298.
316. Gelez H., Fabre-Nys C. Role of the olfactory systems and importance of learning in the ewes' response to rams or their odors. Reprod Nutr Dev 2006, 46:401-415.
317. Hawken P.A., Martin G.B. Sociosexual stimuli and gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinizing hormone secretion in sheep and goats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012, 43:85-94.
318. Okamura H., Murata K., Sakamoto K., et al. Male effect pheromone tickles the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse generator. J Neuroendocrinol 2010, 22:825-832.
319. Ungerfeld R., Forsberg M., Rubianes E. Overview of the response of anoestrous ewes to the ram effect. Reprod Fertil Dev 2004, 16:479-490.
320. Jorre de St Jorre T., Hawken P.A., Martin G.B. Role of male novelty and familiarity in male-induced LH secretion in female sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012, 24:523-530.
321. Walkden-Brown S.W., Martin G.B., Restall B.J. Role of male-female interaction in regulating reproduction in sheep and goats. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1999, 54:243-257.
322. Gelez H., Fabre-Nys C. Neural pathways involved in the endocrine response of anestrous ewes to the male or its odor. Neuroscience 2006, 140:791-800.
323. Gelez H., Fabre-Nys C. The "male effect" in sheep and goats: a review of the respective roles of the two olfactory systems. Horm Behav 2004, 46:257-271.
324. Cohen-Tannoudji J., Lavenet C., Locatelli A., Tillet Y., Signoret J.P. Non-involvement of the accessory olfactory system in the LH response of anoestrous ewes to male odour. J Reprod Fertil 1989, 86:135-144.
325. Gelez H., Archer E., Chesneau D., Magallon T., Fabre-Nys C. Inactivation of the olfactory amygdala prevents the endocrine response to male odour in anoestrus ewes. Eur J Neurosci 2004, 19:1581-1590.
326. Hawken P.A., Esmaili T., Scanlan V., Blache D., Martin G.B. Can audio-visual or visual stimuli from a prospective mate stimulate a reproductive neuroendocrine response in sheep?. Animal 2009, 3:690-696.
327. Gelez H., Archer E., Chesneau D., Campan R., Fabre-Nys C. Importance of learning in the response of ewes to male odor. Chem Senses 2004, 29:555-563.
328. Chanvallon A., Fabre-Nys C. In sexually naive anestrous ewes, male odour is unable to induce a complete activation of olfactory systems. Behav Brain Res 2009, 205:272-279.
329. Hawken P.A., Jorre T.J., Rodger J., Esmaili T., Blache D., Martin G.B. Rapid induction of cell proliferation in the adult female ungulate brain (Ovis aries) associated with activation of the reproductive axis by exposure to unfamiliar males. Biol Reprod 2009, 80:1146-1151.
330. Hawken P.A., Beard A.P., Esmaili T., et al. The introduction of rams induces an increase in pulsatile LH secretion in cyclic ewes during the breeding season. Theriogenology 2007, 68:56-66.
331. Martin G.B., Scaramuzzi R.J., Lindsay D.R. Effect of the introduction of rams during the anoestrous season on the pulsatile secretion of LH in ovariectomized ewes. J Reprod Fertil 1983, 67:47-55.
332. De Bond J.A., Li Q., Millar R.P., Clarke I.J., Smith J.T. Kisspeptin signaling is required for the luteinizing hormone response in anestrous ewes following the introduction of males. PLoS One 2013, 8:e57972.
333. Murata K., Sakamoto K., et al. Effects of brief exposure of male pheromone on multiple-unit activity at close proximity to kisspeptin neurons in the goat arcuate nucleus. J Reprod Dev 2011, 57:197-202.
334. Hamada T., Nakajima M., Takeuchi Y., Mori Y. Pheromone-induced stimulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed goats. Neuroendocrinology 1996, 64:313-319.