Addressing disparities in academic medicine moving forward

JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association

Volumn 314, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 1139-1141

  Byington, Carrie L ^a   Lee, Vivian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAREER PLANNING; ETHNIC GROUP; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HUMAN; INTERGROUP BIAS; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL SCHOOL; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; RACISM; RESIDENCY EDUCATION; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXISM; SOCIAL NETWORK; UNITED STATES; CAREER MOBILITY; FEMALE; MALE; MANPOWER; SEX RATIO; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

CAREER MOBILITY; FACULTY, MEDICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SCHOOLS, MEDICAL; SEX DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 84942801097     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: 15383598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.10664     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. National Institutes of Health. Draft report of the advisory committee to the director working group on diversity in the biomedical research workforce. http://acd.od.nih.gov/dbr.htm. Published 2012. Accessed August 20, 2015.
2. Seabury SA, Chandra A, Jena AB. Trends in the earnings of male and female health care professionals in the United States, 1987 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(18):1748-1750.
3. Jagsi R, Griffith KA, Stewart A, Sambuco D, DeCastro R, Ubel PA. Gender differences in the salaries of physician researchers. JAMA. 2012;307 (22):2410-2417.
4. Alexander H, Lang J. The long-term retention and attrition of US medical school faculty. Assoc Am Med Coll Analysis Brief. 2008;8:1-2. https://www.aamc.org/download/67968/data/aibvol8no4.pdf. Accessed August 20, 2015.
5. Jagsi R, Guancial EA, Worobey CC, et al. The "gender gap" in authorship of academic medical literature-a 35-year perspective. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(3):281-287.
6. National Institutes of Health. Research project grants, competing applications, and awards by gender. http://report.nih.gov/NIHDatabook/Charts/Default.aspx?showm=Y&chartId=176&catId=15. Published 2014. Accessed August 20, 2015.
7. Tesch BJ, Wood HM, Helwig AL, Nattinger AB. Promotion of women physicians in academic medicine: glass ceiling or sticky floor? JAMA. 1995; 273(13):1022-1025.
8. Jena AB, Khullar D, Ho O, Olenski AR, Blumenthal D. Sex differences in academic rank in US medical schools in 2014. JAMA. 10.1001/jama .2015.10680.
9. Sege R, Nykiel-Bub L, Selk S. Sex differences in institutional support for junior biomedical researchers. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8517.
10. Rotbart HA, McMillen D, Taussig H, Daniels SR. Assessing gender equity in a large academic department of pediatrics. Acad Med. 2012;87(1):98- 104.
11. Martinez ED, Botos J, Dohoney KM, et al. Falling off the academic bandwagon: Women are more likely to quit at the postdoc to principal investigator transition. EMBO Rep. 2007;8(11):977-981.
12. Moss-Racusin CA, Dovidio JF, Brescoll VL, Graham MJ, Handelsman J. Science faculty's subtle gender biases favor male students. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(41):16474-16479.
13. Sheltzer JM, Smith JC. Elite male faculty in the life sciences employ fewer women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(28):10107-10112.
14. Blood EA, Ullrich NJ, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, et al. Academic women faculty: Are they finding the mentoring they need? J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012;21(11):1201-1208.
15. Bowles H, Babcock L, Lai L. Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: sometimes it does hurt to ask. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2007;103:84-103.
16. Ginther DK, Schaffer WT, Schnell J, et al. Race, ethnicity, and NIH research awards. Science. 2011; 333(6045):1015-1019.
17. Pololi LH, Evans AT, Gibbs BK, et al. The experience of minority faculty who are underrepresented in medicine, at 26 representative US medical schools. Acad Med. 2013;88(9):1308- 1314.
18. Baker RB, Washington HA, Olakanmi O, et al. African American physicians and organized medicine, 1846-1968: origins of a racial divide. JAMA. 2008;300(3):306-313.
19. Sánchez JP, Peters L, Lee-Rey E, et al. Racial and ethnicminority medical students' perceptions of and interest in careers in academic medicine. Acad Med. 2013;88(9):1299-1307.
20. Marrast LM, Zallman L, Woolhandler S, et al. Minority physicians' role in the care of underserved patients: diversifying the physician workforcemay be key in addressing health disparities. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(2):289-291.
21. Banaji M.. Greenwald A. Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People. New York, NY: Delacorte Press; 2013.
22. Project Implicit website. https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit. Accessed August 1, 2015.
23. Sheridan JT, Fine E, Pribbenow CM, et al. Searching for excellence & diversity: increasing the hiring of women faculty at one academic medical center. Acad Med. 2010;85(6):999-1007.
24. Jagsi R, Butterton JR, Starr R, Tarbell NJ. A targeted intervention for the career development of women in academic medicine. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(4):343-345.
25. Byington C, Keenan H, Phillips J, et al. Preserving science in medical schools: sustaining funding, alignining investigation, valuing teaching. Paper presented at: The Association of American Medical Colleges Learn Serve Lead 2014; November 9, 2014; Chicago, IL.