Detection, enumeration and isolation of yeasts

Yeasts in Food

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 39-68

  Deak, Tibor ^a  

^a SZENT ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84942088078     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-85573-706-8.50007-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (160)

1. ABDUL-RAOUF H.M., HWANG C.A., BEUCHAT L.R. Comparison of combinations of diluents and media for enumerating Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in intermediate water activity foods. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1994, 19:28-31.
2. ANDREWS S. Comparative study on WL nutrient agar with DRBC and OGY for yeast enumeration in foods. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 61-65. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.A. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
3. ANDREWS S., DE GRAAF H., STAMATIN H. Optimization of methodology for enumeration of xerophilic yeasts from foods. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1997, 35:109-116.
4. ATTFIELD P.V., KLETSAS S., VEAL D.A., VAN ROOIJEN R., BELL P.J.L. Use of flow cytometry to monitor cell damage and predict fermentation activity of dried yeasts. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2000, 89:207-214.
5. AUTIO K., MATTILA-SANDHOLM T. Detection of active yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in frozen dough section. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992, 58:2153-2157.
6. BACK W. Nachweis und Identifizierung von Fremdhefen in der Braurei. Brauwelt 1987, 127:735-737.
7. Quality assurance and quality control of microbiological media. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1995, 2:1-136.
8. BANKS J.G., BOARD R.G. Some factors influencing the recovery of yeasts and moulds from chilled foods. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1987, 4:197-206.
9. BANKS J.G., BOARD R.G., CARTER J., DODGE A.D. The cytotoxic and photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms by Rose Bengal. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1985, 58:391-400.
10. BAUMGARTNER C., FREYDIERE A.-M., GILLE Y. Direct identification and recognition of yeast species from clinical material by using Albicans ID and CHROMagar Candida plates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1996, 34:454-456.
11. BECKERS H.J., DE BOER E., DIJKMAN K.E., HARTOG B.J., VAN KOOIJ J.A., KUIK D., MOL N., NOOITGEDAGT A.J., NORTHOLT M.D., SAMSON R.A. Comparison of various media for the enumeration of yeasts and molds in food. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 66-76. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
12. BEUCHAT L.R. Comparison of acidified and antibiotic supplemented potato dextrose agar from three manufacturers for its capacity to recover fungi from foods. J. Fd Prot. 1979, 42:427-428.
13. BEUCHAT L.R. Injury and repair of yeasts and moulds. The Revival of Injured Microbes 1984, 293-308. Academic Press, London, U.K. M.H.E. ANDREWS, A.P. RUSSEL (Eds.).
14. BEUCHAT L.R. Consideration of media for enumerating injured fungi. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 168-171. Plenum, New York. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
15. BEUCHAT L.R. Media for detecting and enumerating yeasts and moulds. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1992, 17:145-158.
16. BEUCHAT L.R. Enumeration of fungi in grain flours and meals as influenced by settling time in diluent and by the recovery medium. J. Fd Prot. 1992, 55:899-901.
17. BEUCHAT L.R. Selective media for detecting and enumerating foodborne yeasts. Int. J. Fd. Microbiol. 1993, 19:1-14.
18. BEUCHAT L.R. Progress in conventional methods for detection and enumeration of foodborne yeasts. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 1998, 36:267-272.
19. BEUCHAT L.R. Influence of pH and temperature on performance of tryptone yeast extract (TY10G) agar in supporting colony development by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. J. Fd Mycol. 1998, 1:181-186.
20. BEUCHAT L.R., COUSIN M.A. Yeasts and molds. Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods 2001, 209-215. Am. Publ. Health Assoc., Washington, DC, U.S.A. F. POUCH-DOWNES, K. ITO (Eds.).
21. BEUCHAT L.R., FRÄNDBERG E., DEAK T., ALZAMORA S.M., GUERRO S., LÓPEZ-MALO A., OHLSSON I., OLSEN H., PEINADO J.M., SCHNÜRER J., DE SILONIZ M.I., TORNAI-LEHOCZKI J. Performance of mycological media for supporting colony formation by desiccated food-spoilage yeasts: An inter-laboratory study. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 2001, 70:89-96.
22. BEUCHAT L.R., HOCKING A.D. Some considerations when analysing foods for the presence of xerophilic fungi. J. Fd Prot. 1990, 53:984-989.
23. BEUCHAT L.R., HWANG C.-A. Comparison of dilution schemes for enumerating fungi in ground pepper: a collaborative study. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1996, 29:157-160.
24. BEUCHAT L.R., JUNG Y., DEAK T., KEFFLER T., GOLDEN D.A., PEINADO J.M., GONZALO P., DE SILONIZ M.I., VALDERRAMA M.J. An interlaboratory study on the suitability of diluents and recovery media for enumeration of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in high sugar foods. J. Fd Mycol. 1998, 1:117-130.
25. BEUCHAT L.R., NAIL B.V. Evaluation of medium for enumerating yeasts and moulds in fresh and frozen fruit purees. J. Fd Protect. 1985, 48:312-315.
26. TM YM) method for enumerating yeasts and molds in selected dairy and high-acid foods. J. Fd Protect. 1990, 53:864. 869-874.
27. TM yeast and mold culture film method to conventional methods for enumerating yeast and molds in foods. J. Fd Protect. 1991, 54:443-447.
28. TM yeast and mold plate for enumeration of fungi in foods. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 21-25. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
29. BEUCHAT L.R., NAIL B.V., BRACKETT R.E., FOX T.L. Comparison of pour and spread plating for enumeration of fungi in foods. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 27-30. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
30. BEUCHAT L.R., TAPIA DE DAZA M.S. Evaluation of chemicals for restricting colony spreading by a xerophilic mold, Eurotiwn amstelodami, on dichloran 18% glycerol agar. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992, 58:2093-2095.
31. BOBEY D.G., EDERER G.M. Rapid detection of yeast enzymes by using 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1981, 13:393-394.
32. BOVILL R., BEW J., ROBINSON S. Comparison of selective media for the recovery and enumeration of probiotic yeasts from animal feed. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 2001, 67:55-61.
33. BOUIX M., GRABOWSKI A., CARPENTIER M., LEVEAU J.Y., DUTEURTE B. Rapid detection of microbial contamination in grape juice by flow cytometry. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin 1999, 33:31-38.
34. BRAENDLIN V. Enumeration of xerophilic yeasts in the presence of xerophilic molds. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1996, 29:185-192.
35. BRAGULAT M.R., ABARCA M.L., CASTELLA G., CABAÑES F.J. Dyes as fungal inhibitors: effect on colony enumeration. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1995, 79:578-582.
36. BRODSKY M.H., ENTIS P., ENTIS M.P., SHARPE A.N., JARVIS G.A. Determination of aerobic plate and yeast and mold counts in foods using an automated hydrophobic grid-membrane filter technique. J. Fd Protect. 1982, 45:301-304.
37. CAMPBELL I. Wild yeast in brewing and distillery. Brewing microbiology 1996, 193-208. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K. 2nd ed. F.G. PRIEST, I. CAMPBELL (Eds.).
38. CARREIRA A., LOUREIRO V. A differential medium to detect Yarrowia lipolytica within 24 hours. J. Fd Mycol. 1998, 1:3-12.
39. CAVA R.R., HERNÁNDEZ P.S. Comparison of media for enumerating osmotolerant yeasts in orange juice concentrates. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1994, 22:291-295.
40. CHASKES S., TYNDALL R.L. Pigment production by Cryptococcus neoformans and other Cryptococcus species from aminophenols and diaminobenzenes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1978, 7:146-152.
41. CHILVERS K.F., REED R.H., PERRY J.D. Phototoxicity of rose bengal in mycological media - implications for laboratory practice. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1999, 28:103-107.
42. Laboratory Quality Assurance and Validation of Methods in Food Microbiology. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1998, 45:1-81. (special issue).
43. Progr. Industr. Microbiol. Culture Media for Food Microbiology 1995, 34. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. J.E.L. CORRY, G.D.W. CURTIS, R.M. BAIRD (Eds.).
44. CURTIS G.D.W., BEUCHAT L.R. Quality control of culture media - perspectives and problems. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1998, 45:3-6.
45. DAVENPORT R.R. An outline guide to media and methods for studying yeasts and yeast-like organisms. Biology and activities of yeasts 1980, 261-278. Academic Press, London, U.K. F.A. SKINNER, S.M. SM PASSMORE, R.R. DAVENPORT (Eds.).
46. DEAK T. Foodborne yeasts. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 1991, 36:179-278.
47. DEAK T. Media for enumerating spoilage yeasts - a collaborative study. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 31-38. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
48. DEAK T. Rapid methods in food mycology. Rapid methods and automatization in microbiology and immunology 1994, 327-345. Intercept, Andover, U.K. R.C. SPENCER, E.P. WRIGHT, S.W.B. NEWSON (Eds.).
49. DEAK T. Methods for the rapid detection and identification of yeasts in foods. Trends Fd Sci. Technol. 1995, 6:287-292.
50. DEAK T., BEUCHAT L.R. Comparison of conductimetric and traditional plating techniques for detecting yeasts in fruit juices. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1993, 75:546-550.
51. DEAK T., BEUCHAT L.R. Modified indirect conductimetric technique for detecting low populations of yeasts in beverage concentrates and carbonated beverages. Fd Microbiol. 1995, 12:165-172.
52. DEAK T., BEUCHAT L.R. Evaluation of the Microscan enzyme based system for the identification of foodborne yeasts. J. Appl. Microbiol. 1995, 79:439-446.
53. DEAK T., BEUCHAT L.R. Handbook of food spoilage yeasts 1996, CRC Press, Boca Raton, U.S.A.
54. DEAK T., BEUCHAT L.R., GUERZONI M.E., LILLIE A., PETER G., ROHM H., SCHNÜRER F., TABAJDI P.V., WESTPHAL S. A collaborative study on media for the enumeration of yeasts in foods. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1998, 43:91-95.
55. DEAK T., CHEN J., GOLDEN D.A., TAPIA M.S., TORNAI-LEHOCZKI J., VILJOEN B.L., BEUCHAT L.R. Comparison of dichloran glycerol (DG18) agar with general purpose mycological media for enumerating food-spoilage yeasts. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 2001, 67:49-53.
56. DEAK T., REICHART O., SZAKMÁR K., PÉTER G. Spoilage yeasts of unusual sorbate resistance. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 55-59. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
57. DEAK T., TÖRÖK T., LEHOCZKI J., REICHART O., TABAJDI-PINTÉR V., FÁBRI I. Comparison of general purpose media for the enumeration of molds and yeasts. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 114-119. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
58. DEAK T., TABAJDI-PINTÉR V., FÁBRI I. Evaluation of blending, stomaching and shaking for mold counts in flour. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 10-11. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
59. DE BOER E., BEUMER R.R. Methodology for detection and typing of foodborne microorganisms. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1999, 50:119-130.
60. DEERE D., SHEN J., VESEY G., BELL P., BISSINGER P., VEAL D. Flow cytometry and cell sorting for yeast viability assessment and selection. Yeast 1998, 14:147-160.
61. DIJKMAN K.E. Merits and shortcoming of DG18, OGY, OGGY and DRBC media for the examination of raw meats. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 120-123. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
62. DILLON V.M., BOARD R.G. A medium for detecting sulphite-binding yeasts in meat products. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1989, 8:165-167.
63. DIRIYE F.V., SCORZETTI G., MARTINI A. Methods for the separation of yeast cells from the surfaces of processed, frozen foods. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1993, 19:27-37.
64. DULL C.L., BEALE H., BLINDER K., DRESSE J., GOMES H., GONZALEZ M., HAYASHI N., HUIJBERTS G., JOHNSON B., MIYAJIMA K., MOTOYAMA Y., RODRIGUEZ G., SMART K., SOBCZAK J., SPEERS A., THOMPSON A., TOMPKINS T., VAUGHAN K., BENDIAK D. CLEN medium for the detection of wild yeast. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 1998, 56:202-208.
65. ERICKSON J.P. Hydrophobic membrane filtration method for the selective recovery and differentiation of Zygosaccharomyces bailii in acidified ingredients. J. Fd Protect. 1993, 56:234-238.
66. VAN ESCH F. Yeast in soft drinks and concentrated fruit juices. Quest International 1990 June.
67. FERGUSON R.B. Comparison of spread and pour plate methods for enumerating yeasts and molds in dry foods using OGY medium. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 53-55. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
68. FIRSTENBERG-EDEN R., SHARPE A.N. Impact of biotechnology and new methodology on microbial testing of foods. Biotechnology and food ingredients 1991, 507-535. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, U.S.A. I. GOLDBERG, K. WILLIAMS (Eds.).
69. FLEET G.H. Food spoilage yeasts. Yeast technology 1990, 124-166. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. J.F.T. SPENCER, D.M. SPENCER (Eds.).
70. FLEET G. Spoilage yeasts. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 1992, 12:1-44.
71. FLEET G.H., MIAN M.A. Induction and repair of sublethal injury in food spoilage yeasts. J. Fd Mycol. 1998, 1:85-93.
72. FRÄNDBERG E., OLSEN M. Performance of DG18 media, a collaborative study. J. Fd Mycol. 1999, 2:239-249.
73. FRICKER-HIDALGO H., ORENGA S., LEBEAN B., PELLOUX H., BREMIER-PRICHART M.P., AMBROISE-THOMAS P., GRILLOT R. Evaluation of Candida ID, a new chromogenic medium for fungal isolation and preliminary identification of some yeast species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2001, 39:1647-1649.
74. FUNG D.Y.C. Rapid methods and automation for food microbiology. Instrumental methods for quality assurance in foods 1991, 1-38. Marcel Dekker, New York, U.S.A. D.Y.C. FUNG, R.F. MATTHEWS (Eds.).
75. FUNG D.Y.C., DEAK T., VASAVADA P.C., PETER G. Evaluation of Candida isolation medium in food hygiene in Hungary. J. Rapid Methods 1996, 4:279-284.
76. FUNG D.Y.C., LIANG C. Critical review of isolation, detection, and identification of yeasts from meat products. Crit. Revs. Fd Sci. Nutr. 1990, 29:341-379.
77. GOLDEN D.A., BEUCHAT L.R. Colony formation by sublethally heat-injured Zygosaccharomyces rouxii as affected by solutes in the recovery medium and procedure for sterilizing medium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1990, 56:2319-2326.
78. GOLDSCHMIDT M.C., FUNG D.Y.C., GRANT R., WHITE J., BROWN I. New aniline blue dye medium for rapid identification and isolation of Candida albicans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1991, 29:1095-1099.
79. GOMES L.H., DUARTE K.M.R., ARGUESO J.L., ECHEVERRIGARAY S., TAVARES F.C.A. Methods for yeast characterization from industrial products. Fd Microbiol. 2000, 17:217-223.
80. HASTINGS J.W., TSAI W.Y.J., BULLERMAN L.B. Comparison of stomaching versus blending in sample preparation for mold enumeration. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 7-9. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
81. HAWRONSKYJ J.-M., HOLAH J. ATP: a universal hygiene monitor. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 1997, 8:79-84.
82. HENSON O.E. Dichloran as an inhibitor of mold spreading in fungal plating media: effects on colony diameter and enumeration. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1981, 42:656-660.
83. HEARD G.M., FLEET G.H. Evaluation of selective media for enumeration of yeasts during wine fermentation. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1986, 60:477-481.
84. HERNANDEZ P., BEUCHAT L.R. Evaluation of diluents and media for enumerating Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in blueberry syrup. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1995, 25:11-18.
85. HOCKING A.D. Media for preservative resistant yeasts: a collaborative study. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1996, 29:167-175.
86. HOCKING A.D., PITT J.I. Dichloran-glycerol medium for enumeration of xerophilic fungi from low-moisture foods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1980, 39:488-492.
87. HOCKING A.D., PITT J.I. Introduction and summary of the first international workshop on standardisation of methods for the mycological examination of foods. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 3-7. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
88. HOCKING A.D., PITT J.I., SAMSON R.A., KING A.D. Recommendations from the closing session of SMMEF II. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 359-368. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
89. ISO TC 34/SC 9N 7954. General guidance for enumeration of yeasts and molds: colony count technique at 25 °C. ISO: International Organization for Standardisation (1987).
90. JARVIS B. Comparison of an improved rose bengal chlortetracycline agar with other media for the selective isolation and enumeration of moulds and yeasts in foods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1973, 36:723-727. 1973.
91. JARVIS B. Methods for detecting fungi in foods and beverages. Food and beverage mycology 1978, 471-504. AVI Publ. Inc., Westport, CT, U.S.A. L.R. BEUCHAT (Ed.).
92. JARVIS B., WILLIAMS A.P. Methods for detecting fungi in foods and beverages. Food and Beverage Mycology 1987, 599-636. Van Rostrand, New York, U.S.A. 2nd ed. L.R. BEUCHAT (Ed.).
93. JESPERSEN L., JAKOBSEN M. Specific spoilage organisms in breweries and laboratory media for their detection. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1996, 33:139-155.
94. JESPERSEN L., LASSEN S., JAKOBSEN M. Flow cytometric detection of wild yeast in lager breweries. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1993, 17:321-328.
95. 2S-producing potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts under enological conditions. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1995, 46:269-273.
96. JOOSTEN H.M.L.J., VAN DICK W.G.F.M., SPIKKER J.W.M., TRAA H.M. Detection of yeasts in quark by flow cytometry. Milchwiss. 1996, 51:202-204.
97. KENNEDY J.E., PHILIPS J.R., OBLINGER J.R. Effect of stored pre-pour plates on microbial enumeration using the surface plate method. J. Fd Protect. 1980, 43:592-594.
98. KING A.D. Comparison of fungal counts on foods prepared by blending or stomaching. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 11-12. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
99. KING A.D. Methodology for routine mycological examination of food - a collaborative study. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 11-20. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
100. KING A.D., HOCKING A.D., PITT J.I. Dichloran-rose bengal medium for enumeration and isolation of molds from foods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1979, 37:959-964.
101. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
102. KISH S., SHARF R., MARGALITH P. A note on a selective medium for wine yeasts. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1983, 55:177-179.
103. KOBURGER J.A., NORDEN A.R. Fungi in foods VII. A comparison of the surface, pour plate and most probable number methods for the enumeration of yeasts and molds. J. Milk Fd Technol. 1975, 38:745-756.
104. KOBURGER J.A., RODGERS M.F. Single multiple antibiotic amended media to enumerate yeasts and molds. J. Fd Protect 1978, 41:367-369.
105. KWON-CHUNG L.J., POLACHECK I., BENNETT J.E. An improved diagnostic medium for separation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C). J. Clin. Microbiol. 1982, 15:535-537.
106. LIN C.C.S., FUNG D.Y.C. Effect of dyes on the growth of food yeast. J. Fd Sci. 1985, 50:241-244.
107. LOUREIRO V. Spoilage yeasts in foods and beverages: characterization and ecology for improved diagnosis and control. Fd Res. Internat. 2000, 33:247-256.
108. MAKDESI A.K., BEUCHAT L.R. Performance of selective media for enumerating Zygosaccharomyces bailii in acidic foods and beverages. J. Fd Sci. 1996, 59:652-656.
109. MAKDESI A.K., BEUCHAT L.R. Improved selective medium for enumeration of benzoate-resistant, heat-stressed Zygosaccharomyces bailii. Fd Microbiol. 1996, 13:281-290.
110. MANAFI M. New developments in chromogenic and fluorogenic media. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 2000, 60:205-218.
111. MARTINI A., CIANI M., SCORZETTI G. Direct enumeration and isolation of wine yeasts from grape surfaces. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1996, 47:435-440.
112. MARTINI A., FREDERICHI F., ROSINI G. A new approach to the study of yeast ecology of natural substrates. Can. J. Microbiol. 1980, 26:856-859.
113. MIAN M.A., FLEET G.H., HOCKING A. Effect of diluent type on viability of yeasts enumerated from foods on pure culture. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1997, 35:103-107.
114. MIDDELHOVEN W.J., NOTERMANS S. Immuno-assay techniques for detecting yeasts in foods. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1993, 19:53-62.
115. MILLARD P.J., ROTH B.L., TRUONG THI H.-P., YUE S.T., HAUGLAND R.P. Development of the FUN-1 family of fluorescent probes for vacuole labeling and viability testing of yeasts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997, 63:2897-2905.
116. MOSSEL D.A.A., VEGA C.L., PUT H.M.C. Further studies on the suitability of various media containing antibacterial antibiotics for the enumeration of moulds in food and food environments. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1975, 39:15-22.
117. MOSSEL D.A.A., DIJKMANN K.E., KOOPMANS M. Experiments with methods for enumeration and identification of yeasts occurring in foods. Biology and activities of yeasts 1980, 279-288. Academic Press, London, U.K. F.A.S. SKINNER, S. PASSMORE, R.R. DAVENPORT (Eds.).
118. MOSSEL D.A.A., KLEYNEN-SEMMELING A.M.C., VINCENTIE H.M., BEERENS H., CATSARAS M. Oxytetracycline-glucose-yeast extract agar for selective enumeration of moulds and yeasts in foods and clinical material. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1970, 33:454-457.
119. NGUYEN H.V., PULVIRENTI A., GAILLARDIN C. Rapid differentiation of the closely related Ktuyveromyces lactis var. lactis and Kluyveromyces marxianus strains isolated from dairy products using selective media and PCR/RFLP of the rDNA non transcribed spacer 2. Can. J. Microbiol. 2000, 46:1115-1122.
120. NÚÑEZ F., RODRÍGUEZ M.M., CÓRDOBA J.J., BERMÚDEZ M.E., ASENSIÓ M.A. Yeast population during ripening of dry-cured Iberian ham. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1996, 29:271-280.
121. ODDS F., BERNAERTS R. CHROMagar Candida, a new differential isolation medium for the presumptive identification of clinically important Candida species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1994, 32:1923-1929.
122. OLSEN M., ANDERSSON K., ÅKERSTRAND K. Quality control of two rose bengal and modified DRBC and DG18 media. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1997, 35:163-168.
123. PETTIPHER G.L., WATTS Y.B., LANGFORD S.A., KROLL R.G. Preliminary evaluation of COBRA, an automated DEFT instrument, for the rapid enumeration of micro-organisms in cultures, raw milk, meat and fish. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1992, 14:206-209.
124. PFALLER M.A., HOUSTON A., COFFMANN S. Application of CHROMagar Candida for rapid screening of clinical specimens for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1996, 34:58-61.
125. PITT J.I. Properties of the ideal fungal enumeration medium. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 63-65. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
126. PITT J.I. Collaborative studies on methods in food mycology. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1996, 29:137-139.
127. PITT J.I. Contributions to methods in food mycology. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1997, 35:99-101.
128. PITT J.I., HOCKING A.D. Fungi and Food Spoilage 1997, Blackie Academic, London, U.K. 2nd ed.
129. QUEROL A., RAMON P. The application of molecular techniques in wine microbiology. Trends Fd Sci. Technol. 1996, 7:73-78.
130. QUINDÓS G., FERNÁNDES-RODRIGUEZ M., BURGOS A., TELLAETEXE M., CISTERNA R., PONTÓN J. Colony morphotype on Sabouraud-triphenyltetrazolium agar: a simple and inexpensive method for Candida subspecies discrimination. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1992, 30:2748-2752.
131. RALE V.B., VAKIL J.R. A note on an improved molybdate agar for the selective isolation of yeasts from tropical fruits. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1984, 56:409-413.
132. RODRIGUES N., GONCALVES G., PEREIRE-DA-SILVA S., MALFEITO-FERREIRA M., LOUREIRO V. Development and use of a new medium to detect yeasts of the genera Dekkera/Brettanomyces. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2000, 90:588-599.
133. ROSINI G., FREDERICHI F., MARTINI A. Yeast flora of grape berries during ripening. Microb. Ecol. 1982, 8:83-89.
134. ROUSELLE P., FREYDIERE A.M., COUILLEROT P.J., DE MONTELOS H., GILLE Y. Rapid identification of Candida albicans by using Albicans ID and fluoroplate agar plates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1994, 32:3034-3036.
135. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
136. SCHULLER D., CORTE-REAL M., LEAO C. A differential medium for the enumeration of the spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii. J. Fd Protect. 2000, 63:1570-1575.
137. SEILER D.A.L. Monitoring mycological media. Modern methods in food mycology 1992, 73-77. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.A. SAMSON, A.D. HOCKING, J.I. PITT, A.D. KING (Eds.).
138. Seiler, D.A.L.: Report on a collaborative study on the effect of presoaking and mixing time on the recovery of fungi from foods. In: Modern methods in food mycology (edited by Samson, R.A.; Hocking, A.D.; Pitt, J.I.; King, A.D.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier (1992) 79-88.
139. SEILER D.A.L. Effect of diluent and medium water activity on recovery of yeasts from hugh sugar coatings and fillings. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 162-163. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
140. SEILER H., WENDT A. Methodenvergleich für Hefennachweis in Fruchtzubereitungen. Dtsch. Milk Z. 1992, 44:1348-1360.
141. SILLEY P., FORSITHE S. Impedance microbiology - a rapid change for microbiologists. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1996, 80:233-243.
142. DE SILONIZ M.I., VALDERRAMA M.J., PEINADO J.M. Advances in methodology to isolate and identify osmotolerant yeasts in food. Fd Technol. Biotechnol. 1999, 37:277-280.
143. DE SILONIZ M.I., VALDERRAMA M.J., PEINADO J.M. A chromogenic medium for the detection of yeasts with β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase activities from intermediate moisture foods. J. Fd Protect. 2000, 63:651-654.
144. SKAAR I., STENWIG H. Malt-yeast extract-sucrose agar, a suitable medium for enumeration and isolation of fungi from silage. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996, 62:3614-3619.
145. SMART K.A., CHAMBERS K.M., LAMBERT I., JENKINS C. Use of methylene violet staining procedures to determine yeast viability and vitality. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 1999, 57:18-23.
146. SMOLE MOZINA S., RASPOR P. Molecular techniques for yeast identification in food processing. Fd Technol. Biotechnol. 1997, 35:55-61.
147. SORENSEN B.B., JAKOBSEN M. The combined effects of temperature, pH and NaCl on growth of Debaryomyces hansenii analyzed by flow cytometry and predictive microbiology. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1997, 34:209-220.
148. STEVENSON K.A., GRAUMLICH T.R. Injury and recovery of yeasts and moulds. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 1978, 23:203-217.
149. THOMSON G.F. Enumeration of yeasts and molds: media trial. Fd Microbiol. 1984, 1:223-227.
150. TOKOIJKA K. Sugar- and salt-tolerant yeasts. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1993, 74:101-110.
151. TORNAI-LEHOCZKI J., PETER G. Typing of foodborne, food spoilage and oportunistic pathogenic yeasts on CHROMagar Candida medium. The rising Power of yeasts in science and industry 2000, 404. Delft Univ. Press, Delft, The Netherlands. J.P. VAN DIJKEN, W.A. SCHEFFERS (Eds.).
152. VALDERRAMA M.J., DE SILONIZ M.I., GONZALO P., PEINADO J.M. A differential medium for the isolation of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Kluyveromyces lactis from dairy products. J. Fd Prot. 1999, 62:189-193.
153. VAN DER AA KÜHLE A., JESPERSEN L. Detection and identification of wild yeasts in lager breweries. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1998, 43:205-213.
154. VAN DER VOSSEN J.M.B.M., HOFSTRA H. DNA based typing, identification and detection systems for food spoilage microorganisms. Development and implementation. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1996, 33:35-49.
155. VILJOEN B.C., LUES J.F.R. The microbial populations associated with post-fermented dough and compressed baker's yeast. Fd Microbiol. 1993, 10:379-386.
156. TM and plate count methods for enumerating molds and yeasts in cheese and yoghurt. J. Fd Protect. 1994, 57:913-914.
157. WELTHAGEN J.J., VILJOEN B.C. Comparison of ten media for the enumeration of yeasts in dairy products. Fd Res. Internat. 1997, 30:207-211.
158. WENK G.H. Microbiological assesment of culture media: comparison and statistical evaluation of methods. Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 1992, 17:159-181.
159. WILLIAMS A.P. A comparison of DRBC, RBC and MEA media for enumeration of molds and yeasts in pure culture and in foods. Methods for the mycological examination of food 1986, 85-89. Plenum, New York, U.S.A. A.D. KING, J.I. PITT, L.R. BEUCHAT, J.E.L. CORRY (Eds.).
160. WILLINGER B., MANAFI M., ROTTER M.L. Comparison of rapid methods using fluorogenic-chromogenic assays for detecting Candida albicans. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1994, 18:47-49.