메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 957-982

Comparison of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation between 1960 and 2007 in six ocean reanalysis products

Author keywords

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC); Decadal prediction; Ocean data assimilation; Ocean reanalysis; Ocean reconstruction; Ocean synthesis

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL VARIATION; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; DATA ASSIMILATION; DECADAL VARIATION; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; OVERTURN; PREDICTION; RECONSTRUCTION;

EID: 84942040321     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-015-2787-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (88)

References (107)
  • 1
    • 11844285712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model on the expanded spherical cube
    • Adcroft A, Campin J, Hill C, Marshall J (2004) Implementation of an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model on the expanded spherical cube. Mon Weather Rev 132(12):2845–2863
    • (2004) Mon Weather Rev , vol.132 , Issue.12 , pp. 2845-2863
    • Adcroft, A.1    Campin, J.2    Hill, C.3    Marshall, J.4
  • 2
    • 0042821672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A local least squares framework for ensemble filtering
    • Anderson J (2003) A local least squares framework for ensemble filtering. Mon Weather Rev 131:634–642
    • (2003) Mon Weather Rev , vol.131 , pp. 634-642
    • Anderson, J.1
  • 3
    • 36849056617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Ocean Atlas 2005, volume 2: salinity
    • Levitus S, (ed), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington
    • Antonov J, Locarnini R, Boyer T, Mishonov A, Garcia H (2006) World Ocean Atlas 2005, volume 2: salinity. In: Levitus S (ed) NOAA Atlas NESDIS 62. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington
    • (2006) NOAA Atlas NESDIS 62
    • Antonov, J.1    Locarnini, R.2    Boyer, T.3    Mishonov, A.4    Garcia, H.5
  • 4
    • 39049089465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from the ECMWF operational ocean reanalysis
    • Balmaseda M, Smith G, Haines K, Anderson D (2007a) Historical reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from the ECMWF operational ocean reanalysis. Geophys Res Lett 34(L23):615. doi:10.1029/2007GL031,645
    • (2007) Geophys Res Lett , vol.34 , Issue.L23 , pp. 615
    • Balmaseda, M.1    Smith, G.2    Haines, K.3    Anderson, D.4
  • 5
    • 33947219505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate treatment of bias for sequential data assimilation: application to the tropical oceans
    • Balmaseda M, Dee D, Vidard A, Anderson D (2007b) Multivariate treatment of bias for sequential data assimilation: application to the tropical oceans. Q J R Meteorol Soc 133:167–170
    • (2007) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.133 , pp. 167-170
    • Balmaseda, M.1    Dee, D.2    Vidard, A.3    Anderson, D.4
  • 6
    • 84880703032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the ECMWF ocean reanalysis system ORAS4
    • Balmaseda M, Mogensen K, Weaver A (2012) Evaluation of the ECMWF ocean reanalysis system ORAS4. Q J R Meteorol Soc 139(674):1132–1161
    • (2012) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.139 , Issue.674 , pp. 1132-1161
    • Balmaseda, M.1    Mogensen, K.2    Weaver, A.3
  • 7
    • 4944256959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of the meridional overturning circulation of the North Atlantic: sensitivity to overflows of dense water masses
    • Beismann J, Barnier B (2004) Variability of the meridional overturning circulation of the North Atlantic: sensitivity to overflows of dense water masses. Ocean Dyn 54(5):537–537
    • (2004) Ocean Dyn , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 537
    • Beismann, J.1    Barnier, B.2
  • 8
    • 3142606906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    • Bentsen M, Drange H, Furevik T, Zhou T (2004) Simulated variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Clim Dyn 22:6–7
    • (2004) Clim Dyn , vol.22 , pp. 6-7
    • Bentsen, M.1    Drange, H.2    Furevik, T.3    Zhou, T.4
  • 9
    • 0037110288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic oscillation-induced changes of the upper layer circulation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean
    • Bersch M (2002) North Atlantic oscillation-induced changes of the upper layer circulation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. J Geophys Res. doi:10.1029/2001jc000901
    • (2002) J Geophys Res
    • Bersch, M.1
  • 10
    • 39049122591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meridional coherence of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    • Bingham R, Hughes C, Roussenov V, Williams R (2007) Meridional coherence of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Geophys Res Lett 34(L23):606
    • (2007) Geophys Res Lett , vol.34 , Issue.L23 , pp. 606
    • Bingham, R.1    Hughes, C.2    Roussenov, V.3    Williams, R.4
  • 11
    • 0000112970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data assimilation using incremental analysis updates
    • Bloom S, Takacs L, da Silva A, Ledvina D (1996) Data assimilation using incremental analysis updates. Mon Weather Rev 124:1256–1271
    • (1996) Mon Weather Rev , vol.124 , pp. 1256-1271
    • Bloom, S.1    Takacs, L.2    da Silva, A.3    Ledvina, D.4
  • 12
    • 33847386518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variability of subpolar gyre transport and its reverberation in the North Atlantic overturning
    • Böning C, Scheinert M, Dengg J, Biastoch A, Funk A (2006) Decadal variability of subpolar gyre transport and its reverberation in the North Atlantic overturning. Geophys Res Lett. doi:10.1029/2006GL026,906
    • (2006) Geophys Res Lett
    • Böning, C.1    Scheinert, M.2    Dengg, J.3    Biastoch, A.4    Funk, A.5
  • 13
    • 79651474120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World ocean database 2009
    • Levitus S, (ed), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington
    • Boyer T et al (2010) World ocean database 2009. In: Levitus S (ed) NOAA Atlas NESDIS 66. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington
    • (2010) NOAA Atlas NESDIS 66
    • Boyer, T.1
  • 14
    • 71849085926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models
    • Brodeau L, Barnier B, Treguier A, Penduff T, Gulev S (2010) An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models. Ocean Model 31:88–104
    • (2010) Ocean Model , vol.31 , pp. 88-104
    • Brodeau, L.1    Barnier, B.2    Treguier, A.3    Penduff, T.4    Gulev, S.5
  • 15
    • 28444480226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25N
    • Bryden H, Longworth H, Cunningham S (2005) Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25N. Nature 438(7068):655–657
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , Issue.7068 , pp. 655-657
    • Bryden, H.1    Longworth, H.2    Cunningham, S.3
  • 16
    • 53249113639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reanalysis of ocean climate using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)
    • Carton J, Giese B (2008) A reanalysis of ocean climate using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA). Mon Weather Rev 136:2999–3017
    • (2008) Mon Weather Rev , vol.136 , pp. 2999-3017
    • Carton, J.1    Giese, B.2
  • 17
    • 84891969656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The past, present and future of the AVHRR pathfinder SST program
    • Barale V, Gower J, Alberotanza L, (eds), Springer, New York
    • Casey K, Brandon T, Cornillon P, Evans R (2010) The past, present and future of the AVHRR pathfinder SST program. In: Barale V, Gower J, Alberotanza L (eds) Oceanography from space. Springer, New York. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8681-5-16
    • (2010) Oceanography from space
    • Casey, K.1    Brandon, T.2    Cornillon, P.3    Evans, R.4
  • 18
    • 79960509337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of salinity representation in an ensemble coupled data assimilation system using pseudo salinity profiles
    • Chang YS, Zhang S (2011) Improvement of salinity representation in an ensemble coupled data assimilation system using pseudo salinity profiles. Geophys Res Lett. doi:10.1029/2011GL048,064
    • (2011) Geophys Res Lett
    • Chang, Y.S.1    Zhang, S.2
  • 19
    • 84874949113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of oceanic variability for 1960–2010 from the GFDL ensemble coupled data assimilation
    • Chang YS, Zhang S, Rosati A, Delworth T, Stern W (2012) An assessment of oceanic variability for 1960–2010 from the GFDL ensemble coupled data assimilation. Clim Dyn 40(3):775–803
    • (2012) Clim Dyn , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 775-803
    • Chang, Y.S.1    Zhang, S.2    Rosati, A.3    Delworth, T.4    Stern, W.5
  • 20
    • 79954585763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate model errors, feedbacks and forcings: a comparison of perturbed physics and multi-model ensembles
    • Collins M, Booth B, Bhaskaran B, Harris G, Murphy J, Sexton D, Webb M (2010) Climate model errors, feedbacks and forcings: a comparison of perturbed physics and multi-model ensembles. Clim Dyn 36:1737–1766
    • (2010) Clim Dyn , vol.36 , pp. 1737-1766
    • Collins, M.1    Booth, B.2    Bhaskaran, B.3    Harris, G.4    Murphy, J.5    Sexton, D.6    Webb, M.7
  • 21
    • 79251484956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The twentieth century reanalysis project
    • Compo G et al (2011) The twentieth century reanalysis project. Q J R Meteor Soc 137:1–28
    • (2011) Q J R Meteor Soc , vol.137 , pp. 1-28
    • Compo, G.1
  • 22
    • 34548134146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N
    • Cunningham S et al (2007) Temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N. Science 317:935–938
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 935-938
    • Cunningham, S.1
  • 23
    • 0032484899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking subtropical deep water climate signals to North Atlantic subpolar convection variability
    • Curry R, McCartney M, Joyce T (1998) Linking subtropical deep water climate signals to North Atlantic subpolar convection variability. Nature 391:575–577
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 575-577
    • Curry, R.1    McCartney, M.2    Joyce, T.3
  • 24
    • 70149107817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble estimation of background-error variances in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system for the global ocean
    • Daget N, Weaver A, Balmaseda M (2009) Ensemble estimation of background-error variances in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system for the global ocean. Q J R Meteorol Soc 135(641):1071–1094
    • (2009) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.135 , Issue.641 , pp. 1071-1094
    • Daget, N.1    Weaver, A.2    Balmaseda, M.3
  • 25
    • 84894033258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: mean states
    • Danabasoglu G et al (2014) North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: mean states. Ocean Model 73:76–107
    • (2014) Ocean Model , vol.73 , pp. 76-107
    • Danabasoglu, G.1
  • 26
    • 85026892917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Inter-Annual to Decadal Variability, Part II
    • in press
    • Danabasoglu G et al (2015) North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Inter-Annual to Decadal Variability, Part II. Ocean Model (in press)
    • (2015) Ocean Model
    • Danabasoglu, G.1
  • 29
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • Dee D et al (2011) The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q J R Meteorol Soc 137(656):553–597
    • (2011) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.137 , Issue.656 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.1
  • 30
    • 33645219567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GFDL’s CM2 global coupled climate model. Part I: formulation and simulation characteristics
    • Delworth T et al (2006) GFDL’s CM2 global coupled climate model. Part I: formulation and simulation characteristics. J Clim 19:643–674
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 643-674
    • Delworth, T.1
  • 31
    • 0033809760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed and simulated multidecadal variability in the northern hemisphere
    • Delworth T, Mann M (2000) Observed and simulated multidecadal variability in the northern hemisphere. Clim Dyn 16(9):661–676
    • (2000) Clim Dyn , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 661-676
    • Delworth, T.1    Mann, M.2
  • 32
    • 0027706605 scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean–atmosphere model
    • Delworth T, Manabe S, Stouffer R (1993) Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean–atmosphere model. J Clim 6:1993–2010
    • (1993) J Clim , vol.6 , pp. 1993-2010
    • Delworth, T.1    Manabe, S.2    Stouffer, R.3
  • 33
    • 56349157053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated variability of the circulation in the North Atlantic from 1953 to 2003
    • Deshayes J, Frankignoul C (2008) Simulated variability of the circulation in the North Atlantic from 1953 to 2003. J Clim 21(19):4919–4933
    • (2008) J Clim , vol.21 , Issue.19 , pp. 4919-4933
    • Deshayes, J.1    Frankignoul, C.2
  • 34
    • 34547257397 scopus 로고
    • The Great Salinity Anomaly in the northern North Atlantic 1968–1982
    • Dickson R, Meincke J, Malmberg S, Lee A (1988) The Great Salinity Anomaly in the northern North Atlantic 1968–1982. Prog Oceanogr 20:103–151
    • (1988) Prog Oceanogr , vol.20 , pp. 103-151
    • Dickson, R.1    Meincke, J.2    Malmberg, S.3    Lee, A.4
  • 35
    • 0035872227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of interannual to decadal variability of the North Atlantic circulation
    • Eden C, Willebrand J (2001) Mechanisms of interannual to decadal variability of the North Atlantic circulation. J Clim 14:2266–2280
    • (2001) J Clim , vol.14 , pp. 2266-2280
    • Eden, C.1    Willebrand, J.2
  • 36
    • 0348155632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional analysis of temperature and salinity in the equatorial Pacific using a variational method with vertical coupled temperature-salinity empirical orthogonal function modes
    • Fujii Y, Kamachi M (2003) Three dimensional analysis of temperature and salinity in the equatorial Pacific using a variational method with vertical coupled temperature-salinity empirical orthogonal function modes. J Geophys Res 108(C9):3297. doi:10.1029/2002JC001,745
    • (2003) J Geophys Res , vol.108 , Issue.C9 , pp. 3297
    • Fujii, Y.1    Kamachi, M.2
  • 37
    • 84861128868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barrier layer and relevant variability of the salinity field in the equatorial Pacific estimated in an ocean reanalysis experiment
    • Fujii Y, Kamachi M, Matsumoto S, Ishizaki S (2012) Barrier layer and relevant variability of the salinity field in the equatorial Pacific estimated in an ocean reanalysis experiment. Pure Appl Geophys 169:579–594
    • (2012) Pure Appl Geophys , vol.169 , pp. 579-594
    • Fujii, Y.1    Kamachi, M.2    Matsumoto, S.3    Ishizaki, S.4
  • 38
    • 84939211698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of the southward return flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation by data assimilation and its influence in an assimilative ocean simulation forced by CORE-II atmospheric forcing
    • Fujii Y, Tsujino H, Toyoda T, Nakano H (2015) Enhancement of the southward return flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation by data assimilation and its influence in an assimilative ocean simulation forced by CORE-II atmospheric forcing. Clim Dyn. doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2780-1
    • (2015) Clim Dyn
    • Fujii, Y.1    Tsujino, H.2    Toyoda, T.3    Nakano, H.4
  • 39
    • 0034707034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data
    • Ganachaud A, Wunsch C (2000) Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data. Nature 408(6811):453–457
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , Issue.6811 , pp. 453-457
    • Ganachaud, A.1    Wunsch, C.2
  • 40
    • 79958294849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Community Climate System Model Version 4
    • Gent P et al (2011) The Community Climate System Model Version 4. J Clim 24:4973–4991
    • (2011) J Clim , vol.24 , pp. 4973-4991
    • Gent, P.1
  • 41
    • 79951926963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño variability in simple ocean data assimilation (SODA), 1871–2008
    • Giese B, Ray S (2011) El Niño variability in simple ocean data assimilation (SODA), 1871–2008. J Geophys Res. doi:10.1029/2010jc006,695
    • (2011) J Geophys Res
    • Giese, B.1    Ray, S.2
  • 42
    • 0035919625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: causes and implications
    • Goldenberg S, Landsea C, Mestas-Nunẽz A, Gray W (2001) The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: causes and implications. Science 293:474–479
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 474-479
    • Goldenberg, S.1    Landsea, C.2    Mestas-Nunẽz, A.3    Gray, W.4
  • 43
    • 0034025893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments
    • Gordon C, Cooper C, Senior C, Banks H, Gregory J, Johns T, Mitchell J, Wood R (2000) The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim Dyn 16:147–168
    • (2000) Clim Dyn , vol.16 , pp. 147-168
    • Gordon, C.1    Cooper, C.2    Senior, C.3    Banks, H.4    Gregory, J.5    Johns, T.6    Mitchell, J.7    Wood, R.8
  • 46
    • 0032717396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation of thermohaline effects of a Great Salinity Anomaly
    • Häkkinen S (1999) A simulation of thermohaline effects of a Great Salinity Anomaly. J Clim 12:1781–1795
    • (1999) J Clim , vol.12 , pp. 1781-1795
    • Häkkinen, S.1
  • 47
    • 2142650072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990’s
    • Häkkinen S, Rhines P (2004) Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990’s. Science 304(5670):555–559
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , Issue.5670 , pp. 555-559
    • Häkkinen, S.1    Rhines, P.2
  • 48
    • 0003000664 scopus 로고
    • GTSPP builds an ocean temperature-salinity database
    • Hamilton D (1994) GTSPP builds an ocean temperature-salinity database. Earth Syst Monit 4(4):4–5
    • (1994) Earth Syst Monit , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 4-5
    • Hamilton, D.1
  • 49
    • 79960298555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timescales and regions of the sensitivity of Atlantic meridional volume and heat transport: toward observing system design
    • Heimbach P, Wunsch C, Ponte R, Forget G, Hill C, Utke J (2011) Timescales and regions of the sensitivity of Atlantic meridional volume and heat transport: toward observing system design. Deep-Sea Res II 58(17):1858–1879
    • (2011) Deep-Sea Res II , vol.58 , Issue.17 , pp. 1858-1879
    • Heimbach, P.1    Wunsch, C.2    Ponte, R.3    Forget, G.4    Hill, C.5    Utke, J.6
  • 50
    • 33947535921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing the meridional overturning circulation from boundary densities and the zonal wind stress
    • Hirschi J, Marotzke J (2007) Reconstructing the meridional overturning circulation from boundary densities and the zonal wind stress. J Phys Oceanogr 37:743–763
    • (2007) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.37 , pp. 743-763
    • Hirschi, J.1    Marotzke, J.2
  • 51
    • 84869507233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of resolution on the adjustment and decadal variability of the atlantic meridional overturning circulation in a coupled climate model
    • Hodson D, Sutton R (2012) The impact of resolution on the adjustment and decadal variability of the atlantic meridional overturning circulation in a coupled climate model. Clim Dyn 39:3057–3073
    • (2012) Clim Dyn , vol.39 , pp. 3057-3073
    • Hodson, D.1    Sutton, R.2
  • 52
    • 84858256145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved sea ice shortwave radiation physics in CCSM4: the impact of melt ponds and aerosols on Arctic sea ice
    • Holland M, Bailey D, Briegleb B, Light B, Hunke E (2012) Improved sea ice shortwave radiation physics in CCSM4: the impact of melt ponds and aerosols on Arctic sea ice. J Clim 25(5):1413–1430
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 1413-1430
    • Holland, M.1    Bailey, D.2    Briegleb, B.3    Light, B.4    Hunke, E.5
  • 54
    • 33846934645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality control of ocean temperature and salinity profiles—historical and real-time data
    • Ingleby B, Huddleston M (2007) Quality control of ocean temperature and salinity profiles—historical and real-time data. J Mar Syst 65(1–4):158–175
    • (2007) J Mar Syst , vol.65 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 158-175
    • Ingleby, B.1    Huddleston, M.2
  • 55
    • 79958087823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous, array-based estimates of Atlantic Ocean heat transport at 26.5°N
    • Johns W et al (2011) Continuous, array-based estimates of Atlantic Ocean heat transport at 26.5°N. J Clim 24:2429–2449
    • (2011) J Clim , vol.24 , pp. 2429-2449
    • Johns, W.1
  • 56
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project
    • Kalnay E et al (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77:437–471
    • (1996) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 59
    • 67949109531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability and propagation of Labrador Sea water in the southern subpolar North Atlantic
    • Kieke D, Klein B, Strammac L, Rhein M, Koltermann K (2009) Variability and propagation of Labrador Sea water in the southern subpolar North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res I 56:1656–1674
    • (2009) Deep-Sea Res I , vol.56 , pp. 1656-1674
    • Kieke, D.1    Klein, B.2    Strammac, L.3    Rhein, M.4    Koltermann, K.5
  • 60
    • 28944441534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate
    • Knight J, Allan R, Folland C, Vellinga M, Mann M (2005) A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate. Geophys Res Lett 32:L20708. doi:10.1029/2005GL024,233
    • (2005) Geophys Res Lett , vol.32 , pp. L20708
    • Knight, J.1    Allan, R.2    Folland, C.3    Vellinga, M.4    Mann, M.5
  • 61
    • 84922762720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the GECCO2 ocean synthesis: transports of volume, heat and freshwater in the Atlantic
    • Köhl A (2015) Evaluation of the GECCO2 ocean synthesis: transports of volume, heat and freshwater in the Atlantic. Q J R Meteorol Soc 141(686):166–181
    • (2015) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.141 , Issue.686 , pp. 166-181
    • Köhl, A.1
  • 62
    • 45249100329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of the meridional overturning in the North Atlantic from the 50-year GECCO state estimation
    • Köhl A, Stammer D (2008) Variability of the meridional overturning in the North Atlantic from the 50-year GECCO state estimation. J Phys Oceanogr 38:1913–1930
    • (2008) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.38 , pp. 1913-1930
    • Köhl, A.1    Stammer, D.2
  • 63
    • 67649159670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global climatology of an interannually varying air–sea flux data set
    • Large W, Yeager S (2009) The global climatology of an interannually varying air–sea flux data set. Clim Dyn 33:341–364
    • (2009) Clim Dyn , vol.33 , pp. 341-364
    • Large, W.1    Yeager, S.2
  • 64
    • 67449142923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global ocean heat content 1955–2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems
    • Levitus S, Antonov J, Boyer T, Locarnini R, Garcia H, Mishonov A (2009) Global ocean heat content 1955–2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems. Geophys Res Lett 36:L03706. doi:10.1029/2008GL037,155
    • (2009) Geophys Res Lett , vol.36 , pp. L03,706
    • Levitus, S.1    Antonov, J.2    Boyer, T.3    Locarnini, R.4    Garcia, H.5    Mishonov, A.6
  • 66
    • 70350014991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible mechanism for the strong weakening of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in the mid-1990s
    • Lohmann K, Drange H, Bentsen M (2009) A possible mechanism for the strong weakening of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in the mid-1990s. Geophys Res Lett. doi:10.1029/2009gl039,166
    • (2009) Geophys Res Lett
    • Lohmann, K.1    Drange, H.2    Bentsen, M.3
  • 68
    • 84870049578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two tales of initializing decadal climate prediction experiments with the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model
    • Matei D, Pohnmann H, Jungclas J, Müller W, Haak H, Marotzke J (2012) Two tales of initializing decadal climate prediction experiments with the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model. J Clim 25:8502–8522
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 8502-8522
    • Matei, D.1    Pohnmann, H.2    Jungclas, J.3    Müller, W.4    Haak, H.5    Marotzke, J.6
  • 70
    • 0027804175 scopus 로고
    • Transequatorial flow of Antarctic Bottom Water in the western Atlantic Ocean: abyssal geostrophy at the equator
    • McCartney M, Curry R (1993) Transequatorial flow of Antarctic Bottom Water in the western Atlantic Ocean: abyssal geostrophy at the equator. J Phys Oceanogr 23:1264–1276
    • (1993) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.23 , pp. 1264-1276
    • McCartney, M.1    Curry, R.2
  • 71
    • 68749111016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal prediction: can it be skillful?
    • Meehl G et al (2009) Decadal prediction: can it be skillful? Bull Am Meteorol Soc 90:1467–1485
    • (2009) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.90 , pp. 1467-1485
    • Meehl, G.1
  • 72
    • 84893858451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal climate prediction: an update from the trenches
    • Meehl G et al (2014) Decadal climate prediction: an update from the trenches. Bull Am Met Soc 95(2):243–267
    • (2014) Bull Am Met Soc , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 243-267
    • Meehl, G.1
  • 74
    • 0032125065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The arrival of recently formed Labrador Sea water in the Deep Western Boundary Current at 26.5n
    • Molinari R, Fine R, Wilson W, Curry R, Abell J, McCartney M (1998) The arrival of recently formed Labrador Sea water in the Deep Western Boundary Current at 26.5n. Geophys Res Lett 25:2249–2252
    • (1998) Geophys Res Lett , vol.25 , pp. 2249-2252
    • Molinari, R.1    Fine, R.2    Wilson, W.3    Curry, R.4    Abell, J.5    McCartney, M.6
  • 75
    • 84906333388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting a decadal shift in North Atlantic Climate variability using the GFDL forecast system
    • Msadek R et al (2014) Predicting a decadal shift in North Atlantic Climate variability using the GFDL forecast system. J Clim 27(17):6472–6496
    • (2014) J Clim , vol.27 , Issue.17 , pp. 6472-6496
    • Msadek, R.1
  • 76
    • 79960309119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varied representation of the Atlantic meridional overturning across multidecadal ocean reanalysis
    • Munoz E, Kirtman B, Weijer W (2011) Varied representation of the Atlantic meridional overturning across multidecadal ocean reanalysis. Deep-Sea Res II 58:1848–1857
    • (2011) Deep-Sea Res II , vol.58 , pp. 1848-1857
    • Munoz, E.1    Kirtman, B.2    Weijer, W.3
  • 77
    • 84891024966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The three-dimensional overturning circulation of the Southern Ocean during the WOCE era
    • Naveira-Garabato A, Williams A, Bacon S (2014) The three-dimensional overturning circulation of the Southern Ocean during the WOCE era. Prog Oceanogr 120:41–78
    • (2014) Prog Oceanogr , vol.120 , pp. 41-78
    • Naveira-Garabato, A.1    Williams, A.2    Bacon, S.3
  • 78
    • 34250692537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic–Arctic Mediterranean exchanges in an ensemble hindcast experiment
    • Olsen S, Schmith T (2007) North Atlantic–Arctic Mediterranean exchanges in an ensemble hindcast experiment. J Geophys Res 112:C04,010. doi:10.1029/2006JC003,838
    • (2007) J Geophys Res , vol.112 , pp. C04,010
    • Olsen, S.1    Schmith, T.2
  • 79
    • 33645230218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in sea surface temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century: the HadSST2 data set
    • Rayner N, Brohan P, Parker D, Folland C, Kennedy J, Vanicek M, Ansell T, Tett S (2006) Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in sea surface temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century: the HadSST2 data set. J Clim 19:446–496
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 446-496
    • Rayner, N.1    Brohan, P.2    Parker, D.3    Folland, C.4    Kennedy, J.5    Vanicek, M.6    Ansell, T.7    Tett, S.8
  • 80
    • 0036648346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved in-situ and satellite SST analysis for climate
    • Reynolds R, Rayner N, Smith T, Stokes D, Wang W (2002) An improved in-situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J Clim 15:1609–1625
    • (2002) J Clim , vol.15 , pp. 1609-1625
    • Reynolds, R.1    Rayner, N.2    Smith, T.3    Stokes, D.4    Wang, W.5
  • 81
    • 0032052312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spreading of Antarctic bottom water in the tropical Atlantic
    • Rhein M, Stramma L, Krahmann G (1998) The spreading of Antarctic bottom water in the tropical Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res I 45:507–527
    • (1998) Deep-Sea Res I , vol.45 , pp. 507-527
    • Rhein, M.1    Stramma, L.2    Krahmann, G.3
  • 82
    • 84867520757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initialized decadal predictions of the rapid warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the mid 1990’s
    • Robson J, Sutton R, Smith D (2012) Initialized decadal predictions of the rapid warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the mid 1990’s. Geophys Res Lett 39(L19):713
    • (2012) Geophys Res Lett , vol.39 , Issue.L19 , pp. 713
    • Robson, J.1    Sutton, R.2    Smith, D.3
  • 83
    • 84899932131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal predictions of the cooling and freshening of the North Atlantic in the 1960s and the role of ocean circulation
    • Robson J, Sutton R, Smith D (2014) Decadal predictions of the cooling and freshening of the North Atlantic in the 1960s and the role of ocean circulation. Clim Dyn 42(9–10):2353–2365
    • (2014) Clim Dyn , vol.42 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 2353-2365
    • Robson, J.1    Sutton, R.2    Smith, D.3
  • 84
    • 34547855836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An objective ocean temperature and salinity analysis using covariances from a global climate model
    • Smith D, Murphy J (2007) An objective ocean temperature and salinity analysis using covariances from a global climate model. J Geophys Res. doi:10.1029/2005JC003,172
    • (2007) J Geophys Res
    • Smith, D.1    Murphy, J.2
  • 85
    • 34547903564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved surface temperature prediction for the coming decade from a global climate model
    • Smith D, Cusack S, Colman A, Holland C, Harris G, Murphy J (2007) Improved surface temperature prediction for the coming decade from a global climate model. Science 317:796–799
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 796-799
    • Smith, D.1    Cusack, S.2    Colman, A.3    Holland, C.4    Harris, G.5    Murphy, J.6
  • 87
    • 84888051177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of full-field and anomaly initialization for seasonal to decadal climate prediction
    • Smith D, Eade R, Pohlmann H (2013) A comparison of full-field and anomaly initialization for seasonal to decadal climate prediction. Clim Dyn 41:3325–3338
    • (2013) Clim Dyn , vol.41 , pp. 3325-3338
    • Smith, D.1    Eade, R.2    Pohlmann, H.3
  • 89
    • 21644449084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic Ocean forcing of North American and European summer climate
    • Sutton R, Hodson D (2005) Atlantic Ocean forcing of North American and European summer climate. Science 309:115–118
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 115-118
    • Sutton, R.1    Hodson, D.2
  • 90
    • 52149098404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freshwater transport estimates and the global overturning circulation: shallow, deep and throughflow components
    • Talley L (2008) Freshwater transport estimates and the global overturning circulation: shallow, deep and throughflow components. Prog Oceanogr 78(4):257–303
    • (2008) Prog Oceanogr , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 257-303
    • Talley, L.1
  • 91
    • 84905915925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much has the North Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation changed in the last 50 years?
    • Tett S, Sherwin T, Shravat A, Browne O (2014) How much has the North Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation changed in the last 50 years? J Clim 27:6325–6342
    • (2014) J Clim , vol.27 , pp. 6325-6342
    • Tett, S.1    Sherwin, T.2    Shravat, A.3    Browne, O.4
  • 93
    • 80052025069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating present climate of the global ocean–ice system using the Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM): simulation characteristics and variability in the Pacific sector
    • Tsujino H, Hirabara M, Nakano H, Yasuda T, Motoi T, Yamanaka G (2011) Simulating present climate of the global ocean–ice system using the Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM): simulation characteristics and variability in the Pacific sector. J Oceanogr 67:449–479
    • (2011) J Oceanogr , vol.67 , pp. 449-479
    • Tsujino, H.1    Hirabara, M.2    Nakano, H.3    Yasuda, T.4    Motoi, T.5    Yamanaka, G.6
  • 94
    • 27144554835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-40 re-analysis
    • Uppala S et al (2005) The ERA-40 re-analysis. Q J R Meteorol Soc 131(612):2961–3012
    • (2005) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.131 , Issue.612 , pp. 2961-3012
    • Uppala, S.1
  • 95
    • 33748273127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Institute Multivariate Ocean Variational Estimation (MOVE) system: some early results
    • Usui N, Ishizaki S, Fujii Y, Tsujino H, Yasuda T, Kamachi M (2006) Research Institute Multivariate Ocean Variational Estimation (MOVE) system: some early results. J Adv Space Res 37:806–822
    • (2006) J Adv Space Res , vol.37 , pp. 806-822
    • Usui, N.1    Ishizaki, S.2    Fujii, Y.3    Tsujino, H.4    Yasuda, T.5    Kamachi, M.6
  • 96
    • 77955476077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the global ocean volume transports during 1960 through 2001
    • Wang W, Köhl A, Stammer D (2010) Estimates of the global ocean volume transports during 1960 through 2001. Geophys Res Lett 37:L15,601. doi:10.1029/2010GL043,949
    • (2010) Geophys Res Lett , vol.37 , pp. L15,601
    • Wang, W.1    Köhl, A.2    Stammer, D.3
  • 97
    • 2442668784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reanalysis without radiosondes using ensemble data assimilation
    • Whitaker J, Compo G, Wei X, Hamill T (2004) Reanalysis without radiosondes using ensemble data assimilation. Mon Weather Rev 132:1190–1200
    • (2004) Mon Weather Rev , vol.132 , pp. 1190-1200
    • Whitaker, J.1    Compo, G.2    Wei, X.3    Hamill, T.4
  • 98
    • 77957174270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICOADS Release 2.5: extensions and enhancements to the surface marine meteorological archive
    • Woodruff S et al (2011) ICOADS Release 2.5: extensions and enhancements to the surface marine meteorological archive. Int J Clim 31:951–967
    • (2011) Int J Clim , vol.31 , pp. 951-967
    • Woodruff, S.1
  • 99
    • 33845726146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated decadal changes in the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and heat flux 1993–2004
    • Wunch C, Heimbach P (2006) Estimated decadal changes in the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and heat flux 1993–2004. J Phys Oceanogr 36:2012–2024
    • (2006) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.36 , pp. 2012-2024
    • Wunch, C.1    Heimbach, P.2
  • 100
    • 34250193281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrographic changes in the labrador sea, 1960–2005
    • Yashayaev I (2007) Hydrographic changes in the labrador sea, 1960–2005. Prog Oceanogr 73:242–276
    • (2007) Prog Oceanogr , vol.73 , pp. 242-276
    • Yashayaev, I.1
  • 101
    • 84899091293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of late-twentieth-century variations in the large-scale North Atlantic circulation
    • Yeager S, Danabasoglu G (2014) The origins of late-twentieth-century variations in the large-scale North Atlantic circulation. J Clim 27(9):3222–3247
    • (2014) J Clim , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 3222-3247
    • Yeager, S.1    Danabasoglu, G.2
  • 102
    • 84865093809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decadal prediction case study: late 20th century North Atlantic Ocean heat content
    • Yeager S, Karspeck A, Danabasoglu G, Tribbia J, Teng H (2012) A decadal prediction case study: late 20th century North Atlantic Ocean heat content. J Clim 25:5173–5189
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 5173-5189
    • Yeager, S.1    Karspeck, A.2    Danabasoglu, G.3    Tribbia, J.4    Teng, H.5
  • 103
    • 24644517485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated tropical response to a substantial weakening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation
    • Zhang R, Delworth T (2005) Simulated tropical response to a substantial weakening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. J Clim 18(12):1853–1860
    • (2005) J Clim , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 1853-1860
    • Zhang, R.1    Delworth, T.2
  • 104
    • 33845622400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Atlantic multidecadal oscillations on India/Sahel rainfall and Atlantic hurricanes
    • Zhang R, Delworth T (2006) Impact of Atlantic multidecadal oscillations on India/Sahel rainfall and Atlantic hurricanes. Geophys Res Lett 33(L17):712
    • (2006) Geophys Res Lett , vol.33 , Issue.L17 , pp. 712
    • Zhang, R.1    Delworth, T.2
  • 105
    • 77958497926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inflated ensemble filter for ocean data assimilation with a biased coupled GCM
    • Zhang S, Rosati A (2010) An inflated ensemble filter for ocean data assimilation with a biased coupled GCM. Mon Weather Rev 138:3905–3931
    • (2010) Mon Weather Rev , vol.138 , pp. 3905-3931
    • Zhang, S.1    Rosati, A.2
  • 106
    • 35748930572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • System design and evaluation of coupled ensemble data assimilation for global oceanic climate studies
    • Zhang S, Harrison M, Rosati A, Wittenberg A (2007) System design and evaluation of coupled ensemble data assimilation for global oceanic climate studies. Mon Weather Rev 135:3541–3564
    • (2007) Mon Weather Rev , vol.135 , pp. 3541-3564
    • Zhang, S.1    Harrison, M.2    Rosati, A.3    Wittenberg, A.4
  • 107
    • 77958090944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adequacy of observing systems in monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the North American climate
    • Zhang S, Rosati A, Delworth T (2010) The adequacy of observing systems in monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the North American climate. J Clim 23:5311–5324
    • (2010) J Clim , vol.23 , pp. 5311-5324
    • Zhang, S.1    Rosati, A.2    Delworth, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.