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Volumn 309, Issue 5731, 2005, Pages 115-118

Ocean science: Atlantic Ocean forcing of North American and European summer climate

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATOLOGY; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; OCEANOGRAPHY; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 21644449084     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1109496     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1112)

References (30)
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  • 10
    • 32644486510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Figure 1 is derived from annual mean data, but the AMO time series is extremely similar whether derived only from summer data or only from winter data. This finding indicates that air-sea interactions in summer are insufficient to erase from the summer mixed-layer memory of the AMO phase.
  • 12
    • 32644486316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
  • 13
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    • note
    • Individual ensemble members differed only with respect to the atmospheric initial conditions. To isolate the role of ocean changes, no time variation in radiatively active gases was included. For further details of the simulations, see (12). SAT fields from these simulations are unfortunately not available.
  • 15
    • 4143112257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. Koster et al., Science 305, 1138 (2004).
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 1138
    • Koster, R.1
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    • personal communication
    • J. W. Hurrell, personal communication.
    • Hurrell, J.W.1
  • 17
    • 32644463768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • However, early individual basin experiments (28) with a different atmosphere model indicate that SSTs in individual ocean basins may have less influence on Sahel rainfall than the tropics as a whole.
  • 19
    • 0037104714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y. Kushnir et al., J. Clim. 15, 2233 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clim. , vol.15 , pp. 2233
    • Kushnir, Y.1
  • 29
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    • N. Rayner et al., J. Geophys. Res. 108, 4407; 10.1029/2002JD002670 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4407
    • Rayner, N.1
  • 30
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    • note
    • R.T.S. is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. D.L.R.H. is supported by the NERC Centres for Atmospheric Science. We are grateful to colleagues at the Met Office Hadley Centre for providing the HadISST and HadSLP data sets and results from the C20 global SST experiments. We thank J. Hurrell for valuable comments on the paper.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.