Molybdenum and tungsten oxide: High work function wide band gap contact materials for hole selective contacts of silicon solar cells

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 142, Issue , 2015, Pages 34-41

  Bivour, Martin ^a   Temmler, Jan ^a   Steinkemper, Heiko ^a   Hermle, Martin ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS ISE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Heterojunction; Induced junction; Metal oxides; Work function

Indexed keywords

AMORPHOUS FILMS; AMORPHOUS MATERIALS; CONTACTS (FLUID MECHANICS); ELECTRIC CONTACTS; ENERGY GAP; FILMS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; MOLYBDENUM OXIDE; OXIDES; SILICON; SILICON SOLAR CELLS; SOLAR CELLS; TUNGSTEN; TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS; WORK FUNCTION;

AMORPHOUS SILICON THIN FILMS; CONTACT CHARACTERISTICS; CRYSTALLINE SILICONS; HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS; HIGH-WORK-FUNCTION METAL; INDUCED JUNCTION; METAL OXIDES; MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN;

AMORPHOUS SILICON;

EID: 84940460381     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.05.031     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. P. Würfel Physics of Solar Cells - From Principles to New Concepts 2005 Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co KgaA Weinheim
2. U. Würfel, A. Cuevas, and P. Würfel Charge carrier separation in solar cells IEEE J. Photovolt. 5 2014 1 9
3. R.M. Swanson, Approaching the 29% limit efficiency of silicon solar cells, in: Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Orlando, USA, 2005.
4. R. Singh, M.A. Green, and K. Rajkanan Review of conductor-insulator-semiconductor (CIS) solar cell Sol. Cells 3 1981 95 148
5. S. De Wolf, A. Descoeudres, Z.C. Holman, and C. Ballif High-efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells: a review Green 2 2012 7 24
6. M. Taguchi, A. Yano, S. Tohoda, K. Matsuyama, Y. Nakamura, T. Nishiwaki, K. Fujita, and E. Maruyama 24.7% Record efficiency HIT solar cell on thin silicon wafer IEEE J. Photovolt. 2013 1 4
7. A. Richter, M. Hermle, and S.W. Glunz Reassessment of the limiting efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells IEEE J. Photovolt. 3 2013 1184 1191
8. R. Street Doping and the Fermi energy in amorphous silicon Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 1982 1187 1190
9. R. Varache, J.P. Kleider, M.E. Gueunier-Farret, and L. Korte Silicon heterojunction solar cells: optimization of emitter and contact properties from analytical calculation and numerical simulation Mater. Sci. Eng.: B 178 2013 593 598
10. M. Bivour, S. Schröer, and M. Hermle Numerical analysis of electrical TCO/a-Si:H(p) contact properties for silicon heterojunction solar cells Energy Procedia 38 2013 658 669
11. Z.C. Holman, A. Descoeudres, L. Barraud, F.Z. Fernandez, J.P. Seif, S. De Wolf, and C. Ballif Current losses at the front of silicon heterojunction solar cells IEEE J. Photovolt. 2 2012 7 15
12. S. De Wolf, and M. Kondo Boron-doped a-Si:Hc-Si interface passivation: degradation mechanism Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 2007 112109
13. L.-M. Chen, Z. Xu, Z. Hong, and Y. Yang Interface investigation and engineering - achieving high performance polymer photovoltaic devices J. Mater. Chem. 20 2010 2575 2598
14. M.T. Greiner, and Z.-H. Lu Thin-film metal oxides in organic semiconductor devices: their electronic structures, work functions and interfaces NPG Asia Mater. 5 2013 e55
15. M. Bivour, M. Reusch, F. Feldmann, M. Hermle, S. Glunz, Requirements for carrier selective silicon heterojunctions, in: 24th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes, Breckenride, Colorado, 2014.
16. K.-U. Ritzau, M. Bivour, S. Schröer, H. Steinkemper, P. Reinecke, F. Wagner, and M. Hermle TCO work function related transport losses at the a-Si:H/TCO-contact in SHJ solar cells Sol. Energy Mater Sol. Cells 131 2014 9 13 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.06.026
17. x contact Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 2014 113902
18. x: a versatile hole contact for silicon solar cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 2014 232109
19. M. Bivour, M. Reusch, S. Schroer, F. Feldmann, J. Temmler, H. Steinkemper, and M. Hermle Doped layer optimization for silicon heterojunctions by injection-level dependent open-circuit voltage measurements IEEE J. Photovolt. 4 2014 566 574
20. M. Bivour, S. Schröer, M. Hermle, and S.W. Glunz Silicon heterojunction rear emitter solar cells: less restrictions on the optoelectrical properties of front side TCOs Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 122 2013 120 129
21. pv-tools. (http://www.pv-tools.de/products/loana-system/loana-start.html).
22. R.A. Sinton, A. Cuevas, A quasi-steady-state open-circuit voltage method for solar cell characterization, in: Proceedings of the 16th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Glasgow, UK, 2000.
23. K. Heilig Determination of surface properties by means of large signal photovoltage pulses and the influence of trapping Surf. Sci. 44 1974 421 437
24. C. Leendertz, N. Mingirulli, T.F. Schulze, J.P. Kleider, B. Rech, and L. Korte Discerning passivation mechanisms at a-Si:H/c-Si interfaces by means of photoconductance measurements Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 2011 202108-1 202108-3
25. J. Meyer, S. Hamwi, M. Kröger, W. Kowalsky, T. Riedl, and A. Kahn Transition metal oxides for organic electronics: energetics, device physics and applications Adv. Mater. 24 2012 5408 5427
26. R. Rößler, C. Leendertz, L. Korte, N. Mingirulli, and B. Rech Impact of the transparent conductive oxide work function on injection-dependent a-Si:H/c-Si band bending and solar cell parameters J. Appl. Phys. 113 2013 144513-1 144513-8
27. S.M. Sze Semiconductor Devices, Physics and Technology 2nd ed. 2002 John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York, NY, USA
28. K.R. McIntosh Lumps, Humps and Bumps: Three Detrimental Effects in the Current-Voltage Curve of Silicon Solar Cells (Dissertation) 2001 University of New South Wales Australia
29. T.F. Schulze, L. Korte, and B. Rech Impact of a-Si:H hydrogen depth profiles on passivation properties in a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctions Thin Solid Films 520 2012 4439 4444
30. B. Demaurex, S. De Wolf, A. Descoeudres, Z. Charles Holman, and C. Ballif Damage at hydrogenated amorphous/crystalline silicon interfaces by indium tin oxide overlayer sputtering Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 2012 171604-1 171604-4
31. 3 emitter, in: Proceedings of the 29th EU PVSEC, Amsterdamm, 2014.
32. T. Desrues, P.J. Ribeyron, A. Vandeneynde, A.S. Ozanne, F. Souche, D. Muñoz, C. Denis, D. Diouf, and J.P. Kleider B-doped a-Si:H contact improvement on silicon heterojunction solar cells and interdigitated back contact structure Phys. Status Solidi C 7 2010 1011 1015
33. K.-U. Ritzau, T. Behrendt, D. Palaferri, M. Bivour, and M. Hermle Hydrogen doping of ITO due to thermal treatment of hetero-junction solar cells Thin Solid Films 2015 in preparation
34. J. Jeurink, F. Wagner, S. Park, L. Kroely, and W. Wolke MF-sputtered AZO for a-Si SHJ Solar Cells Energy Procedia 55 2014 777 785
35. M.D. McCluskey, M.C. Tarun, and S.T. Teklemichael Hydrogen in oxide semiconductors J. Mater. Res. 27 2012 2190 2198
36. F. Feldmann, K.-U. Ritzau, M. Bivour, A. Moldovan, S. Modi, J. Temmler, M. Hermle, S.W. Glunz, High and low work function materials for passivated contacts, in: Energy Procedia 5th International Conference on Silicon Photovoltaics, SiliconPV, Konstanz, Germany, 2015.