메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue , 2015, Pages 493-501

New developments in atherosclerosis: Clinical potential of PCSK9 inhibition

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk; LDLR; Monoclonal antibodies; PCSK9; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ALIROCUMAB; ATORVASTATIN; BOCOCIZUMAB; EVOLOCUMAB; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN KEXIN 9; SERINE PROTEINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PCSK9 PROTEIN, HUMAN; PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE 9; SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

EID: 84940106915     PISSN: 11766344     EISSN: 11782048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S74692     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 24944466615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type PCSK9 inhibits LDL clearance but does not affect apoB-containing lipoprotein production in mouse and cultured cells
    • Lalanne F, Lambert G, Amar MJ, et al. Wild-type PCSK9 inhibits LDL clearance but does not affect apoB-containing lipoprotein production in mouse and cultured cells. J Lipid Res. 2005;46(6):1312–1319.
    • (2005) J Lipid Res , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 1312-1319
    • Lalanne, F.1    Lambert, G.2    Amar, M.J.3
  • 2
    • 70350746156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissection of the endogenous cellular pathways of PCSK9-induced low density lipoprotein receptor degradation: Evidence for an intracellular route
    • Poirier S, Mayer G, Poupon V, et al. Dissection of the endogenous cellular pathways of PCSK9-induced low density lipoprotein receptor degradation: evidence for an intracellular route. J Biol Chem. 2009; 284(42):28856–28864.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , Issue.42 , pp. 28856-28864
    • Poirier, S.1    Mayer, G.2    Poupon, V.3
  • 3
    • 49649128629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): Hepatocyte-specific low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation and critical role in mouse liver regeneration
    • Zaid A, Roubtsova A, Essalmani R, et al. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): hepatocyte-specific low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation and critical role in mouse liver regeneration. Hepatology. 2008;48(2):646–654.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 646-654
    • Zaid, A.1    Roubtsova, A.2    Essalmani, R.3
  • 4
    • 84871587036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Furin-cleaved proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is active and modulates low density lipoprotein receptor and serum cholesterol levels
    • Lipari MT, Li W, Moran P, et al. Furin-cleaved proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is active and modulates low density lipoprotein receptor and serum cholesterol levels. J Biol Chem. 2012; 287(52):43482–43491.
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , Issue.52 , pp. 43482-43491
    • Lipari, M.T.1    Li, W.2    Moran, P.3
  • 5
    • 79953022875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo evidence that furin from hepatocytes inactivates PCSK9
    • Essalmani R, Susan-Resiga D, Chamberland A, et al. In vivo evidence that furin from hepatocytes inactivates PCSK9. The J Biol Chem. 2011; 286(6):4257–4263.
    • (2011) The J Biol Chem , vol.286 , Issue.6 , pp. 4257-4263
    • Essalmani, R.1    Susan-Resiga, D.2    Chamberland, A.3
  • 6
    • 33750090075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proprotein convertase (PC) PCSK9 is inactivated by furin and/or PC5/6A: Functional consequences of natural mutations and post-translational modifications
    • Benjannet S, Rhainds D, Hamelin J, Nassoury N, Seidah NG. The proprotein convertase (PC) PCSK9 is inactivated by furin and/or PC5/6A: functional consequences of natural mutations and post-translational modifications. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(41):30561–30572.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , Issue.41 , pp. 30561-30572
    • Benjannet, S.1    Rhainds, D.2    Hamelin, J.3    Nassoury, N.4    Seidah, N.G.5
  • 7
    • 84903977790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and Characterization of the Circulating Truncated Form of PCSK9
    • Han B, Eacho PI, Knierman MD, et al. Isolation and Characterization of the Circulating Truncated Form of PCSK9. J Lipid Res. 2014;55(7): 1505–1514.
    • (2014) J Lipid Res , vol.55 , Issue.7 , pp. 1505-1514
    • Han, B.1    Eacho, P.I.2    Knierman, M.D.3
  • 8
    • 38949103409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-association of human PCSK9 correlates with its LDLR-degrading activity
    • Fan D, Yancey PG, Qiu S, et al. Self-association of human PCSK9 correlates with its LDLR-degrading activity. Biochemistry. 2008; 47(6):1631–1639.
    • (2008) Biochemistry , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 1631-1639
    • Fan, D.1    Yancey, P.G.2    Qiu, S.3
  • 9
    • 85027929193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 interacts with apolipoprotein B and prevents its intracellular degradation, irrespective of the low-density lipoprotein receptor
    • Sun H, Samarghandi A, Zhang N, Yao Z, Xiong M, Teng BB. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 interacts with apolipoprotein B and prevents its intracellular degradation, irrespective of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012; 32(7):1585–1595.
    • (2012) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.32 , Issue.7 , pp. 1585-1595
    • Sun, H.1    Samarghandi, A.2    Zhang, N.3    Yao, Z.4    Xiong, M.5    Teng, B.B.6
  • 10
    • 84879287631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and cell surface low-density lipoprotein receptor: Evidence for a reciprocal regulation
    • Tavori H, Fan D, Blakemore JL, et al. Serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and cell surface low-density lipoprotein receptor: evidence for a reciprocal regulation. Circulation. 2013;127(24): 2403–2413.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , Issue.24 , pp. 2403-2413
    • Tavori, H.1    Fan, D.2    Blakemore, J.L.3
  • 11
    • 84890425649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) after lipoprotein apheresis
    • Tavori H, Giunzioni I, Linton MF, Fazio S. Loss of plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) after lipoprotein apheresis. Circ Res. 2013;113(12):1290–1295.
    • (2013) Circ Res , vol.113 , Issue.12 , pp. 1290-1295
    • Tavori, H.1    Giunzioni, I.2    Linton, M.F.3    Fazio, S.4
  • 12
    • 34547108600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 to epidermal growth factor-like repeat A of low density lipoprotein receptor decreases receptor recycling and increases degradation
    • Zhang DW, Lagace TA, Garuti R, et al. Binding of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 to epidermal growth factor-like repeat A of low density lipoprotein receptor decreases receptor recycling and increases degradation. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(25):18602–18612.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , Issue.25 , pp. 18602-18612
    • Zhang, D.W.1    Lagace, T.A.2    Garuti, R.3
  • 13
    • 0037603589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
    • Abifadel M, Varret M, Rabès JP, et al. Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Nat Genet. 2003;34(2):154–156.
    • (2003) Nat Genet , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 154-156
    • Abifadel, M.1    Varret, M.2    Rabès, J.P.3
  • 14
    • 13944265645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9
    • Cohen J, Pertsemlidis A, Kotowski IK, Graham R, Garcia CK, Hobbs HH. Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat Genet. 2005;37(2):161–165.
    • (2005) Nat Genet , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-165
    • Cohen, J.1    Pertsemlidis, A.2    Kotowski, I.K.3    Graham, R.4    Garcia, C.K.5    Hobbs, H.H.6
  • 15
    • 33645103550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease
    • Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH Jr, Hobbs HH. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(12):1264–1272.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , Issue.12 , pp. 1264-1272
    • Cohen, J.C.1    Boerwinkle, E.2    Mosley, T.H.3    Hobbs, H.H.4
  • 16
    • 73849114174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9 dominant negative mutant results in increased LDL catabolic rate and familial hypobet alipoproteinemia
    • Cariou B, Ouguerram K, Zaïr Y, et al. PCSK9 dominant negative mutant results in increased LDL catabolic rate and familial hypobet alipoproteinemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29(12): 2191–2197.
    • (2009) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 2191-2197
    • Cariou, B.1    Ouguerram, K.2    Zaïr, Y.3
  • 17
    • 33748661502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 and identification of a compound heterozygote
    • Zhao Z, Tuakli-Wosornu Y, Lagace TA, et al. Molecular characterization of loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 and identification of a compound heterozygote. Am J Hum Genet. 2006;79(3):514–523.
    • (2006) Am J Hum Genet , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 514-523
    • Zhao, Z.1    Tuakli-Wosornu, Y.2    Lagace, T.A.3
  • 18
    • 34447299120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The C679X mutation in PCSK9 is present and lowers blood cholesterol in a Southern African population
    • Hooper AJ, Marais AD, Tanyanyiwa DM, Burnett JR. The C679X mutation in PCSK9 is present and lowers blood cholesterol in a Southern African population. Atherosclerosis. 2007;193(2):445–448.
    • (2007) Atherosclerosis , vol.193 , Issue.2 , pp. 445-448
    • Hooper, A.J.1    Marais, A.D.2    Tanyanyiwa, D.M.3    Burnett, J.R.4
  • 19
    • 44249122796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PCSK9 missense variant associated with a reduced risk of early-onset myocardial infarction
    • Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium
    • Kathiresan S; Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium. A PCSK9 missense variant associated with a reduced risk of early-onset myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(21):2299–2300.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , Issue.21 , pp. 2299-2300
    • Kathiresan, S.1
  • 20
    • 84897970506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S1–S45.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.129 , Issue.25 , pp. SS1-S45
    • Stone, N.J.1    Robinson, J.G.2    Lichtenstein, A.H.3
  • 21
    • 0033984436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linton MF. Current perspectives on statins
    • Maron DJ, Fazio S, Linton MF. Current perspectives on statins. Circulation. 2000;101(2):207–213.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-213
    • Maron, D.J.1    Fazio, S.2
  • 22
    • 0242613116 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in human fibroblasts by lipoproteins
    • Brown MS, Dana SE, Goldstein JL. Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in human fibroblasts by lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973;70(7):2162–2166.
    • (1973) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.70 , Issue.7 , pp. 2162-2166
    • Brown, M.S.1    Dana, S.E.2    Goldstein, J.L.3
  • 23
    • 3943060193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins upregulate PCSK9, the gene encoding the proprotein convertase neural apoptosis-regulated convertase-1 implicated in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Dubuc G, Chamberland A, Wassef H, et al. Statins upregulate PCSK9, the gene encoding the proprotein convertase neural apoptosis-regulated convertase-1 implicated in familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(8):1454–1459.
    • (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 1454-1459
    • Dubuc, G.1    Chamberland, A.2    Wassef, H.3
  • 24
    • 38949137409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sterol-dependent regulation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression by sterol-regulatory element binding protein-2
    • Jeong HJ, Lee HS, Kim KS, Kim YK, Yoon D, Park SW. Sterol-dependent regulation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression by sterol-regulatory element binding protein-2. J Lipid Res. 2008; 49(2):399–409.
    • (2008) J Lipid Res , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 399-409
    • Jeong, H.J.1    Lee, H.S.2    Kim, K.S.3    Kim, Y.K.4    Yoon, D.5    Park, S.W.6
  • 25
    • 84928026823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of naturally random allocation to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on the risk of coronary heart disease mediated by polymorphisms in NPC1L1, HMGCR, or both: A 2 × 2 factorial mendelian randomization study
    • Ference BA, Majeed F, Penumetcha R, Flack JM, Brook RD. Effect of naturally random allocation to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on the risk of coronary heart disease mediated by polymorphisms in NPC1L1, HMGCR, or both: a 2 × 2 factorial mendelian randomization study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(15):1552–1561.
    • (2015) J am Coll Cardiol , vol.65 , Issue.15 , pp. 1552-1561
    • Ference, B.A.1    Majeed, F.2    Penumetcha, R.3    Flack, J.M.4    Brook, R.D.5
  • 26
    • 84937814512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ezetimibe plus moderate-dose simvastatin after acute coronary syndrome: What are we IMPROVEing on?
    • DiNicolantonio JJ, Chatterjee S, Lavie CJ, Bangalore S, O’Keefe JH. Ezetimibe plus moderate-dose simvastatin after acute coronary syndrome: what are we IMPROVEing on? Am J Med. 2015;128(8):914.e1–914.e4.
    • (2015) Am J Med , vol.128 , Issue.8 , pp. 914.e1-914.e4
    • Dinicolantonio, J.J.1    Chatterjee, S.2    Lavie, C.J.3    Bangalore, S.4    O’Keefe, J.H.5
  • 27
    • 84923843937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tavori H. Targeting PCSK9 for therapeutic gains
    • Shapiro MD, Fazio S, Tavori H. Targeting PCSK9 for therapeutic gains. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2015;17(4):499.
    • (2015) Curr Atheroscler Rep , vol.17 , Issue.4
    • Shapiro, M.D.1    Fazio, S.2
  • 28
    • 84900814036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety profile of evolocumab (AMG145), an injectable inhibitor of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: The available clinical evidence
    • Cicero AF, Tartagni E, Ertek S. Efficacy and safety profile of evolocumab (AMG145), an injectable inhibitor of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: the available clinical evidence. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014;14(6):863–868.
    • (2014) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 863-868
    • Cicero, A.F.1    Tartagni, E.2    Ertek, S.3
  • 29
    • 84925351969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid lowering with PCSK9 inhibitors
    • Dadu RT, Ballantyne CM. Lipid lowering with PCSK9 inhibitors. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11(10):563–575.
    • (2014) Nat Rev Cardiol , vol.11 , Issue.10 , pp. 563-575
    • Dadu, R.T.1    Ballantyne, C.M.2
  • 30
    • 84904472197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of injectable lipid-lowering drugs: A review of available clinical data
    • Cicero AF, Tartagni E, Ertek S. Safety and tolerability of injectable lipid-lowering drugs: a review of available clinical data. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(8):1023–1030.
    • (2014) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 1023-1030
    • Cicero, A.F.1    Tartagni, E.2    Ertek, S.3
  • 31
    • 84897889156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9: A key modulator of cardiovascular health
    • Seidah NG, Awan Z, Chrétien M, Mbikay M. PCSK9: a key modulator of cardiovascular health. Circ Res. 2014;114(6):1022–1036.
    • (2014) Circ Res , vol.114 , Issue.6 , pp. 1022-1036
    • Seidah, N.G.1    Awan, Z.2    Chrétien, M.3    Mbikay, M.4
  • 32
    • 84899112104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by monoclonal antibody inhibition of PCSK9
    • Stein EA, Raal F. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by monoclonal antibody inhibition of PCSK9. Annu Rev Med. 2014;65: 417–431.
    • (2014) Annu Rev Med , vol.65 , pp. 417-431
    • Stein, E.A.1    Raal, F.2
  • 33
    • 84921262461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the function and homeostasis of PCSK9: Reciprocal interaction with LDLR and additional lipid effects
    • Tavori H, Rashid S, Fazio S. On the function and homeostasis of PCSK9: reciprocal interaction with LDLR and additional lipid effects. Atherosclerosis. 2015;238(2):264–270.
    • (2015) Atherosclerosis , vol.238 , Issue.2 , pp. 264-270
    • Tavori, H.1    Rashid, S.2    Fazio, S.3
  • 34
    • 3242817535 scopus 로고
    • Localization of low density lipoprotein receptors on plasma membrane of normal human fibroblasts and their absence in cells from a familial hypercholesterolemia homozygote
    • Anderson RG, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Localization of low density lipoprotein receptors on plasma membrane of normal human fibroblasts and their absence in cells from a familial hypercholesterolemia homozygote. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976;73(7):2434–2438.
    • (1976) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.73 , Issue.7 , pp. 2434-2438
    • Anderson, R.G.1    Goldstein, J.L.2    Brown, M.S.3
  • 35
    • 0019926159 scopus 로고
    • Surface distribution and recycling of the low density lipoprotein receptor as visualized with antireceptor antibodies
    • Anderson RG, Brown MS, Beisiegel U, Goldstein JL. Surface distribution and recycling of the low density lipoprotein receptor as visualized with antireceptor antibodies. J Cell Biol. 1982;93(3):523–531.
    • (1982) J Cell Biol , vol.93 , Issue.3 , pp. 523-531
    • Anderson, R.G.1    Brown, M.S.2    Beisiegel, U.3    Goldstein, J.L.4
  • 36
    • 0017334127 scopus 로고
    • Role of the coated endocytic vesicle in the uptake of receptor-bound low density lipoprotein in human fibroblasts
    • Anderson RG, Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Role of the coated endocytic vesicle in the uptake of receptor-bound low density lipoprotein in human fibroblasts. Cell. 1977;10(3):351–364.
    • (1977) Cell , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 351-364
    • Anderson, R.G.1    Brown, M.S.2    Goldstein, J.L.3
  • 38
    • 34547129121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pH and low density lipoprotein (LDL) on PCSK9-dependent LDL receptor regulation
    • Fisher TS, Lo Surdo P, Pandit S, et al. Effects of pH and low density lipoprotein (LDL) on PCSK9-dependent LDL receptor regulation. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(28):20502–20512.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , Issue.28 , pp. 20502-20512
    • Fisher, T.S.1    Lo Surdo, P.2    Pandit, S.3
  • 39
    • 34247605063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and biophysical studies of PCSK9 and its mutants linked to familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Cunningham D, Danley DE, Geoghegan KF, et al. Structural and biophysical studies of PCSK9 and its mutants linked to familial hypercholesterolemia. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007;14(5):413–419.
    • (2007) Nat Struct Mol Biol , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 413-419
    • Cunningham, D.1    Danley, D.E.2    Geoghegan, K.F.3
  • 40
    • 77955810437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New hypotheses about the structure-function of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: Analysis of the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A docking site using WaterMap
    • Pearlstein RA, Hu QY, Zhou J, et al. New hypotheses about the structure-function of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: analysis of the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A docking site using WaterMap. Proteins. 2010;78(12):2571–2586.
    • (2010) Proteins , vol.78 , Issue.12 , pp. 2571-2586
    • Pearlstein, R.A.1    Hu, Q.Y.2    Zhou, J.3
  • 41
    • 34247892364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crystal structure of PCSK9: A regulator of plasma LDL-cholesterol
    • Piper DE, Jackson S, Liu Q, et al. The crystal structure of PCSK9: a regulator of plasma LDL-cholesterol. Structure. 2007;15(5):545–552.
    • (2007) Structure , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 545-552
    • Piper, D.E.1    Jackson, S.2    Liu, Q.3
  • 42
    • 51349161358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural requirements for PCSK9-mediated degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor
    • Zhang DW, Garuti R, Tang WJ, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH. Structural requirements for PCSK9-mediated degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(35):13045–13050.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , Issue.35 , pp. 13045-13050
    • Zhang, D.W.1    Garuti, R.2    Tang, W.J.3    Cohen, J.C.4    Hobbs, H.H.5
  • 43
    • 79961027581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affinity and kinetics of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 binding to low-density lipoprotein receptors on HepG2 cells
    • Mousavi SA, Berge KE, Berg T, Leren TP. Affinity and kinetics of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 binding to low-density lipoprotein receptors on HepG2 cells. FEBS J. 2011;278(16):2938–2950.
    • (2011) FEBS J , vol.278 , Issue.16 , pp. 2938-2950
    • Mousavi, S.A.1    Berge, K.E.2    Berg, T.3    Leren, T.P.4
  • 44
    • 34548175537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secreted PCSK9 downregulates low density lipoprotein receptor through receptor-mediated endocytosis
    • Qian YW, Schmidt RJ, Zhang Y, et al. Secreted PCSK9 downregulates low density lipoprotein receptor through receptor-mediated endocytosis. J Lipid Res. 2007;48(7):1488–1498.
    • (2007) J Lipid Res , vol.48 , Issue.7 , pp. 1488-1498
    • Qian, Y.W.1    Schmidt, R.J.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 45
    • 2342451128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenoviral-mediated expression of Pcsk9 in mice results in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout phenotype
    • Maxwell KN, Breslow JL. Adenoviral-mediated expression of Pcsk9 in mice results in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(18):7100–7105.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , Issue.18 , pp. 7100-7105
    • Maxwell, K.N.1    Breslow, J.L.2
  • 46
    • 84879315149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated PCSK9 levels in untreated patients with heterozygous or homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and the response to high-dose statin therapy
    • Raal F, Panz V, Immelman A, Pilcher G. Elevated PCSK9 levels in untreated patients with heterozygous or homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and the response to high-dose statin therapy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(2):e000028.
    • (2013) J am Heart Assoc , vol.2 , Issue.2
    • Raal, F.1    Panz, V.2    Immelman, A.3    Pilcher, G.4
  • 47
    • 48349092091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma PCSK9 preferentially reduces liver LDL receptors in mice
    • Grefhorst A, McNutt MC, Lagace TA, Horton JD. Plasma PCSK9 preferentially reduces liver LDL receptors in mice. J Lipid Res. 2008; 49(6):1303–1311.
    • (2008) J Lipid Res , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 1303-1311
    • Grefhorst, A.1    McNutt, M.C.2    Lagace, T.A.3    Horton, J.D.4
  • 48
    • 84876241355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) trafficking reveals a novel lysosomal targeting mechanism via amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2)
    • DeVay RM, Shelton DL, Liang H. Characterization of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) trafficking reveals a novel lysosomal targeting mechanism via amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2). J Biol Chem. 2013;288(15):10805–10818.
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , Issue.15 , pp. 10805-10818
    • Devay, R.M.1    Shelton, D.L.2    Liang, H.3
  • 49
    • 84875460859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-density lipoprotein binds to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) in human plasma and inhibits PCSK9-mediated LDL receptor degradation
    • Kosenko T, Golder M, Leblond G, Weng W, Lagace TA. Low-density lipoprotein binds to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) in human plasma and inhibits PCSK9-mediated LDL receptor degradation. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(12):8279–8288.
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , Issue.12 , pp. 8279-8288
    • Kosenko, T.1    Golder, M.2    Leblond, G.3    Weng, W.4    Lagace, T.A.5
  • 50
    • 84929493809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein(A) catabolism is regulated by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 through the low density lipoprotein receptor
    • Romagnuolo R, Scipione CA, Boffa MB, Marcovina SM, Seidah NG, Koschinsky ML. Lipoprotein(a) catabolism is regulated by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 through the low density lipoprotein receptor. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(18):11649–11662.
    • (2015) J Biol Chem , vol.290 , Issue.18 , pp. 11649-11662
    • Romagnuolo, R.1    Scipione, C.A.2    Boffa, M.B.3    Marcovina, S.M.4    Seidah, N.G.5    Koschinsky, M.L.6
  • 51
    • 54249138516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    • Wang W, Wang EQ, Balthasar JP. Monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;84(5): 548–558.
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.84 , Issue.5 , pp. 548-558
    • Wang, W.1    Wang, E.Q.2    Balthasar, J.P.3
  • 52
    • 0025287316 scopus 로고
    • Effect of molecular weight on the lymphatic absorption of water-soluble compounds following subcutaneous administration
    • Supersaxo A, Hein WR, Steffen H. Effect of molecular weight on the lymphatic absorption of water-soluble compounds following subcutaneous administration. Pharm Res. 1990;7(2):167–169.
    • (1990) Pharm Res , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-169
    • Supersaxo, A.1    Hein, W.R.2    Steffen, H.3
  • 53
    • 8644234910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    • Lobo ED, Hansen RJ, Balthasar JP. Antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J Pharm Sci. 2004;93(11):2645–2668.
    • (2004) J Pharm Sci , vol.93 , Issue.11 , pp. 2645-2668
    • Lobo, E.D.1    Hansen, R.J.2    Balthasar, J.P.3
  • 54
    • 84877057389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of monoclonal antibodies
    • Dostalek M, Gardner I, Gurbaxani BM, Rose RH, Chetty M. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of monoclonal antibodies. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2013;52(2):83–124.
    • (2013) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-124
    • Dostalek, M.1    Gardner, I.2    Gurbaxani, B.M.3    Rose, R.H.4    Chetty, M.5
  • 55
    • 0014450553 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of immunoglobulins
    • Waldmann TA, Strober W. Metabolism of immunoglobulins. Prog Allergy. 1969;13:1–110.
    • (1969) Prog Allergy , vol.13 , pp. 1-110
    • Waldmann, T.A.1    Strober, W.2
  • 56
    • 0024350429 scopus 로고
    • Receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (Fc gamma R) on human monocytes and macrophages
    • Comber PG, Gomez F, Rossman MD, Schreiber AD. Receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (Fc gamma R) on human monocytes and macrophages. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989;297:273–285.
    • (1989) Prog Clin Biol Res , vol.297 , pp. 273-285
    • Comber, P.G.1    Gomez, F.2    Rossman, M.D.3    Schreiber, A.D.4
  • 57
    • 34547866682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting EGFR and HER-2 with cetuximab- and trastuzumab-mediated immunotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
    • Kawaguchi Y, Kono K, Mimura K, et al. Targeting EGFR and HER-2 with cetuximab- and trastuzumab-mediated immunotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2007;97(4):494–501.
    • (2007) Br J Cancer , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 494-501
    • Kawaguchi, Y.1    Kono, K.2    Mimura, K.3
  • 58
    • 84878550146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and emergence of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: What cardiologists need to know
    • Foltz IN, Karow M, Wasserman SM. Evolution and emergence of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: what cardiologists need to know. Circulation. 2013;127(22):2222–2230.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , Issue.22 , pp. 2222-2230
    • Foltz, I.N.1    Karow, M.2    Wasserman, S.M.3
  • 59
    • 0023911890 scopus 로고
    • Endocytosis and degradation of murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibodies by normal and malignant T-lymphocytes
    • Press OW, Hansen JA, Farr A, Martin PJ. Endocytosis and degradation of murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibodies by normal and malignant T-lymphocytes. Cancer Res. 1988;48(8):2249–2257.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , Issue.8 , pp. 2249-2257
    • Press, O.W.1    Hansen, J.A.2    Farr, A.3    Martin, P.J.4
  • 61
    • 0029891262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protection receptor for IgG catabolism is the beta2-microglobulin-containing neonatal intestinal transport receptor
    • Junghans RP, Anderson CL. The protection receptor for IgG catabolism is the beta2-microglobulin-containing neonatal intestinal transport receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(11):5512–5516.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , Issue.11 , pp. 5512-5516
    • Junghans, R.P.1    Erson, C.L.2
  • 62
    • 84862908949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprotein convertase substilisin/kexin type 9 antagonism reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic nonhuman primates
    • Liang H, Chaparro-Riggers J, Strop P, et al. Proprotein convertase substilisin/kexin type 9 antagonism reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic nonhuman primates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012;340(2):228–236.
    • (2012) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.340 , Issue.2 , pp. 228-236
    • Liang, H.1    Chaparro-Riggers, J.2    Strop, P.3
  • 63
    • 67649834056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates
    • Chan JC, Piper DE, Cao Q, et al. A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(24): 9820–9825.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , Issue.24 , pp. 9820-9825
    • Chan, J.C.1    Piper, D.E.2    Cao, Q.3
  • 64
    • 84859510090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing serum half-life and extending cholesterol lowering in vivo by engineering antibody with pH-sensitive binding to PCSK9
    • Chaparro-Riggers J, Liang H, DeVay RM, et al. Increasing serum half-life and extending cholesterol lowering in vivo by engineering antibody with pH-sensitive binding to PCSK9. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(14): 11090–11097.
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , Issue.14 , pp. 11090-11097
    • Chaparro-Riggers, J.1    Liang, H.2    Devay, R.M.3
  • 65
    • 78149320579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody recycling by engineered pH-dependent antigen binding improves the duration of antigen neutralization
    • Igawa T, Ishii S, Tachibana T, et al. Antibody recycling by engineered pH-dependent antigen binding improves the duration of antigen neutralization. Nat Biotechnol. 2010;28(11):1203–1207.
    • (2010) Nat Biotechnol , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 1203-1207
    • Igawa, T.1    Ishii, S.2    Tachibana, T.3
  • 66
    • 84928926586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-PCSK9 antibody pharmacokinetics and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol pharmacodynamics in nonhuman primates are antigen affinity-dependent and exhibit limited sensitivity to neonatal Fc receptor-binding enhancement
    • Henne KR, Ason B, Howard M, et al. Anti-PCSK9 antibody pharmacokinetics and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol pharmacodynamics in nonhuman primates are antigen affinity-dependent and exhibit limited sensitivity to neonatal Fc receptor-binding enhancement. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015;353(1):119–131.
    • (2015) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.353 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-131
    • Henne, K.R.1    Ason, B.2    Howard, M.3
  • 67
    • 84911411495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized study of the relative pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of alirocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, after single subcutaneous administration at three different injection sites in healthy subjects
    • Lunven C, Paehler T, Poitiers F, et al. A randomized study of the relative pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of alirocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, after single subcutaneous administration at three different injection sites in healthy subjects. Cardiovasc Ther. 2014;32(6):297–301.
    • (2014) Cardiovasc Ther , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 297-301
    • Lunven, C.1    Paehler, T.2    Poitiers, F.3
  • 68
    • 84858638369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol
    • Stein EA, Mellis S, Yancopoulos GD, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(12): 1108–1118.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , Issue.12 , pp. 1108-1118
    • Stein, E.A.1    Mellis, S.2    Yancopoulos, G.D.3
  • 69
    • 84860290100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of PCSK9 and phenotypic variability in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Huijgen R, Fouchier SW, Denoun M, et al. Plasma levels of PCSK9 and phenotypic variability in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res. 2012;53(5):979–983.
    • (2012) J Lipid Res , vol.53 , Issue.5 , pp. 979-983
    • Huijgen, R.1    Fouchier, S.W.2    Denoun, M.3
  • 70
    • 84933277172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 concentrations correlate with coronary artery disease atheroma burden in a Pakistani cohort with chronic chest pain
    • Walton TA, Nishtar S, Lumb PJ, et al. Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 concentrations correlate with coronary artery disease atheroma burden in a Pakistani cohort with chronic chest pain. Int J Clin Pract. 2015;69(7):738–742.
    • (2015) Int J Clin Pract , vol.69 , Issue.7 , pp. 738-742
    • Walton, T.A.1    Nishtar, S.2    Lumb, P.J.3
  • 72
    • 84907525325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alirocumab inhibits atherosclerosis, improves the plaque morphology, and enhances the effects of a statin
    • Kuhnast S, van der Hoorn JW, Pieterman EJ, et al. Alirocumab inhibits atherosclerosis, improves the plaque morphology, and enhances the effects of a statin. J Lipid Res. 2014;55(10):2103–2112.
    • (2014) J Lipid Res , vol.55 , Issue.10 , pp. 2103-2112
    • Kuhnast, S.1    Van Der Hoorn, J.W.2    Pieterman, E.J.3
  • 74
    • 0037541585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review on the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia
    • Marks D, Thorogood M, Neil HA, Humphries SE. A review on the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis. 2003;168(1):1–14.
    • (2003) Atherosclerosis , vol.168 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Marks, D.1    Thorogood, M.2    Neil, H.A.3    Humphries, S.E.4
  • 75
    • 84921459685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TESLA Investigators. Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (TESLA Part B): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Raal FJ, Honarpour N, Blom DJ, et al; TESLA Investigators. Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (TESLA Part B): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9965):341–350.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.385 , Issue.9965 , pp. 341-350
    • Raal, F.J.1    Honarpour, N.2    Blom, D.J.3
  • 76
    • 84887164358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody, AMG 145, in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
    • Stein EA, Honarpour N, Wasserman SM, Xu F, Scott R, Raal FJ. Effect of the PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody, AMG 145, in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 2013;128(19):2113–2120.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.128 , Issue.19 , pp. 2113-2120
    • Stein, E.A.1    Honarpour, N.2    Wasserman, S.M.3    Xu, F.4    Scott, R.5    Raal, F.J.6
  • 77
    • 84902096056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated plasma PCSK9 level is equally detrimental for patients with nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, irrespective of low-density lipoprotein receptor defects
    • Lambert G, Petrides F, Chatelais M, et al. Elevated plasma PCSK9 level is equally detrimental for patients with nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, irrespective of low-density lipoprotein receptor defects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63(22):2365–2373.
    • (2014) J am Coll Cardiol , vol.63 , Issue.22 , pp. 2365-2373
    • Lambert, G.1    Petrides, F.2    Chatelais, M.3
  • 78
    • 84961288617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalization of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in receptor defective homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia by inhibition of PCSK9 with alirocumab
    • Lambert G, Chatelais M, Petrides F, et al. Normalization of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in receptor defective homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia by inhibition of PCSK9 with alirocumab. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(21):2299–2300.
    • (2014) J am Coll Cardiol , vol.64 , Issue.21 , pp. 2299-2300
    • Lambert, G.1    Chatelais, M.2    Petrides, F.3
  • 79
    • 84926206074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-Label Study of Long-Term Evaluation against LDL Cholesterol (OSLER) Investigators. Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events
    • Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Wiviott SD, et al; Open-Label Study of Long-Term Evaluation against LDL Cholesterol (OSLER) Investigators. Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(16):1500–1509.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , Issue.16 , pp. 1500-1509
    • Sabatine, M.S.1    Giugliano, R.P.2    Wiviott, S.D.3
  • 80
    • 84926191670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ODYSSEY LONG TERM Investigators. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events
    • Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, et al; ODYSSEY LONG TERM Investigators. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(16):1489–1499.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , Issue.16 , pp. 1489-1499
    • Robinson, J.G.1    Farnier, M.2    Krempf, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.