The membrane: Transertion as an organizing principle in membrane heterogeneity

Frontiers in Microbiology

Volumn 6, Issue JUN, 2015, Pages

  Matsumoto, Kouji ^a   Hara, Hiroshi ^a   Fishov, Itzhak ^b   Mileykovskaya, Eugenia ^c   Norris, Vic ^d  

^a SAITAMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITÉ DE ROUEN   (France)

Author keywords

Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; Hyperstructures; Lipid domain; Membrane; Transertion

Indexed keywords

CARDIOLIPIN; PHOSPHOLIPID;

CELL CYCLE; CELL DIVISION; CELL STRUCTURE; CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE; DNA REPLICATION; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN LIPID INTERACTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ESCHERICHIA COLI;

EID: 84936989979     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1664302X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00572     Document Type: Review

References (237)

1. Adams, D. W., Wu, L. J., and Errington, J. (2015). Nucleoid occlusion protein Noc recruit DNA to the bacterial cell membrane. EMBO J. 34, 491-501. doi: 10.15252/embj.201490177
2. Alley, M. R. K., Maddock, J. R., and Shapiro, L. (1992). Polar localization of a bacterial chemoreceptor. Genes Dev. 6, 825-836. doi: 10.1101/gad.6.5.825
3. Arechaga, I., Miroux, B., Karrasch, S., Huijbregts, R., de Kruijff, B., Runswick, M. J., et al. (2000). Characterization of new intracellular membranes in Escherichia coli accompanying large scale over-production of the b subunit of F(1)F(o) ATP synthase. FEBS Lett. 482, 215-219. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02054-8
4. Bach, J. N., and Bramkamp, M. (2013). Flotillins functionally organize the bacterial membrane. Mol. Microbiol. 88, 1205-1217. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12252
5. Bakshi, S., Choi, H., Mondai, J., and Weisshaar, J. C. (2014). Time-dependent effects of transcription- and translation-halting drugs on the spatial distributions of the Escherichia coli chromosome and ribosomes. Mol. Microbiol. 94, 871-887. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12805
6. Bakshi, S., Siryaporn, A., Goulian, M., and Weisshaar, J. C. (2012). Superresolution imaging of ribosomes and RNA polymerase in live Escherichia coli cells. Mol. Microbiol. 85, 21-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08081.x
7. Barák, I., Muchová, K., Wilkinson, A. J., O'Toole, P. J., and Pavlendova, N. (2008). Lipid spirals in Bacillus subtilis and their role in cell division. Mol. Microbiol. 68, 1315-1327. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06236.x
8. Bendezú, F. O., and de Boer, P. A. (2008). Conditional lethality, division defects, membrane involution, and endocytosis in mre and mrd shape mutants of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 190, 1792-1811. doi: 10.1128/JB.01322-07
9. Bernsel, A., and Daley, D. O. (2009). Exploring the inner membrane proteome of Escherichia coli: which proteins are eluding detection and why? Trends Microbiol. 17, 444-449. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2009.07.005
10. Binenbaum, Z., Parola, A. H., Zaritsky, A., and Fishov, I. (1999). Transcription- and translation- dependent changes in membrane dynamics in bacteria: testing the transertion model for domain formation. Mol. Microbiol. 32, 1173-1182. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01426.x
11. Boggs, J. M. (1987). Lipid intermolecular hydrogen bonding: influence on structural organization and membrane function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 906, 353-404. doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(87)90017-7
12. Bramkamp, M., Emmins, R., Weston, L., Donovan, C., Daniel, R. A., and Errington, J. (2008). A novel component of the division-site selection system of Bacillus sutilis and a new mode of action for the division inhibitor MinCD. Mol. Microbiol. 70, 1556-1569. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06501.x
13. Bramkamp, M., and Lopez, D. (2015). Exploring the existence of lipid rafts in bacteria. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 79, 81-100. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00036-14
14. Bray, D., Levin, M. D., and Morton-Firth, C. J. (1998). Receptor clustering as a cellular mechanism to control sensitivity. Nature 393, 85-88. doi :10.1038/30018
15. Brokx, S. J., Ellison, M., Locke, T., Bottorff, D., Frost, L., and Weiner, J. H. (2004). Genome-wide analysis of lipoprotein expression in Escherichia coli MG1655. J. Bacteriol. 186, 3254-3258. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.10.3254-3258.2004
16. Cabin-Flaman, A., Ripoll, C., Saier, M. H. Jr., and Norris, V. (2005). Hypothesis: chemotaxis in Escherichia coli results from hyperstructure dynamics. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 10, 1-14. doi: 10.1159/000090343
17. Cabrera, J. E., Cagliero, C., Quan, S., Squires, C. L., and Jin, D. J. (2009). Active transcription of rRNA operons condenses the nucleoid in Escherichia coli: examining the effect of transcription on nucleoid structure in the absence of transertion. J. Bacteriol. 191, 4180-4185. doi: 10.1128/JB.01707-08
18. Campo, N., Tjalsma, H., Buist, G., Stepniak, D., Meijer, M., Veenhuis, M., et al. (2004). Subcellular sites for bacterial protein export. Mol. Microbiol. 53, 1583-1599. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04278.x
19. Cannon, B., Hermansson, M., Gyorke, S., Somerharju, P., Virtanen, J. A., and Cheng, K. H. (2003). Regulation of calcium channel activity by lipid domain formation in planar lipid bilayers. Biophys. J. 85, 933-942. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74532-9
20. Carballido-Lopez, R., Formstone, A., Li, Y., Ehrlich, S. D., Noirot, P., and Errington, J. (2006). Actin homolog MreBH governs cell morphogenesis by localization of the cell wall hydrolase LytE. Dev. Cell 11, 399-409. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.07.017
21. Castuma, C. E., Crooke, E., and Kornberg, A. (1993). Fluid membranes with acidic domains activate DnaA, the initiator protein of replication in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 24665-24668.
22. Catucci, L., Depalo, N., Lattanzio, V. M. T., Agostiano, A., and Corcelli, A. (2004). Neosynthesis of cardiolipin in Rhodobacter sphaeroides under osmotic stress. Biochemistry 43, 15066-15072. doi: 10.1021/bi048802k
23. Chastanet, A., and Carballido-Lopez, R. (2012). The actin-like MreB proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a new turn. Front. Biosci. S4:1582-1606. doi: 10.2741/S354
24. Chien, A. C., Zareh, S. K., Wang, Y. M., and Levin, P. A. (2012). Changes in the oligomerization potential of the division inhibitor UgtP co-ordinate Bacillus subtilis cell size with nutrient availability. Mol. Microbiol. 86, 594-610. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12007
25. Christensen, H., Garton, N. J., Horobin, R. W., Minnikin, D. E., and Barer, M. R. (1999). Lipid domains of mycobacteria studied with fluorescent molecular probes. Mol. Microbiol. 31, 1561-1572. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01304.x
26. Cook, W. R., de Boer, P. A. J., and Rothfield, L. I. (1989). Differentiation of the bacterial cell division site. Int. Rev. Cytol. 118, 1-31.
27. Cornell, R. B., and Taneva, S. G. (2006). Amphipathic helices as mediators of the membrane interaction of amphitropic proteins, and as modulators of bilayer physical properties. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci 7, 539-552. doi: 10.2174/138920306779025675
28. Cullis, P. R., de Kruijff, B., Hope, M. J., Verkleij, A. J., Nayar, R., Farren, S. B., et al. (1983). "Structure properties of lipids and their functional roles in biological membranes," in Membrane Fluidity in Biology, ed. R. C. Aloia (New York, NY: Academic Press), 39-81.
29. Deana, A., and Belasco, J. G. (2005). Lost in translation: the influence of ribosomes on bacterial mRNA decay. Genes Dev. 19, 2526-2533. doi: 10.1101/gad.1348805
30. Deneke, C., Lipowsky, R., and Valleriani, A. (2013). Effect of ribosome shielding on mRNA stability. Phys. Biol. 10, 046008. doi: 10.1088/1478-3975/10/4/046008
31. Dominguez-Escobar, J., Chastanet, A., Crevenna, A. H., Fromion, V., Wedlich-Soldner, R., and Carballido-Lopez, R. (2011). Processive movement of MreB-associated cell wall biosynthetic complexes in bacteria. Science 333, 225-228. doi: 10.1126/science.1203466
32. Donovan, C., and Bramkamp, M. (2009). Characterization and subcellular localization of a bacterial flotillin homologue. Microbiology 155, 1786-1799. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.025312-0
33. Dowhan, W. (2013). A retrospective: use of Escherichia coli as a vehicle to study phospholipid synthesis and function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1831, 471-494. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.007
34. Edidin, M. (1997). Lipid microdomains in cell surface membranes. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7, 528-532. doi: 10.1016/S0959-440X(97)80117-0
35. Elder, M., Hitchcock, P., Mason, F. R. S., and Shipley, G. G. (1977). A refinement analysis of crystallography of the phospholipid, 1,2-dilauroyl-DL-phosphatidylethanolamine, and some remarks on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions. Proc. R. Soc. London A 354, 157-170. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1977.0062
36. Eliasson, A., and Nordström, K. (1997). Replication of minichromosomes in a host in which chromosome replication is random. Mol. Microbiol. 23, 1215-1220. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.2981663.x
37. Erhardt, H., Dempwolff, F., Pfreundschuh, M., Riehle, M., Schäfer, C., Pohl, T., et al. (2014). Organization of the Escherichia coli aerobic enzyme complexes of oxidative phosphorylation in dynamic domains within the cytoplasmic membrane. Microbiol. Open 3, 316-326. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.163
38. Eriksson, H. M., Wessman, P., Ge, C., Edwards, K., and Wieslander, Å. (2009). Massive formation of intracellular membrane vesicles in Escherichia coli by a monotopic membrane-bound lipid glycosyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 33904-33914. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.021618
39. Errington, J. (2015). Bacterial morphogenesis and the enigmatic MreB helix. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 13, 241-248. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3398
40. Feng, X., Hu, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhu, W., Li, K., Guo, R. T., et al. (2014). Structural and functional analysis of Bacillus subtilis YisP reveals a role of its product in biofilm production. Chem. Biol. 21, 1557-1563. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.08.018
41. Fishov, I., and Norris, V. (2012a). "Membrane structure and heterogeneity," in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis: The Frontiers of Molecular Microbiology Revisited, eds Y. Sadaie and K. Matsumoto (Kerara: Research Signpost), 93-113.
42. Fishov, I., and Norris, V. (2012b). Membrane heterogeneity created by transertion is a global regulator in bacteria. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 15, 724-730. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.11.001
43. Fishov, I., and Woldringh, C. L. (1999). Visualization of membrane domains in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 32, 1166-1172. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01425.x
44. Fralick, J. A., and Lark, K. G. (1973). Evidence for the involvement of unsaturated fatty acids in the initiation of chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 80, 459-475. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90416-6
45. French, S. L., and Miller, O. L. Jr. (1989). Transcription mapping of the Escherichia coli chromosome by electron microscopy. J. Bacteriol. 171, 4207-4216.
46. Gahlmann, A., and Moerner, W. E. (2014). Exploring bacterial cell biology with single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 12, 9-22. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3154
47. Garner, E. C., Bernard, R., Wang, W., Zhuang, X., Rudner, D. Z., and Mitchison, T. (2011). Coupled, circumferential motions of the cell wall synthesis machinery and MreB filaments in B. subtilis. Science 333, 222-225. doi: 10.1126/science.1203285
48. Garner, J., and Crook, E. (1996). Membrane regulation of the chromosomal replication activity of E. coli DnaA requires a discrete site on the protein. EMBO J. 15, 1313-2321.
49. Gennis, R. (1989). Biomembranes. New York: Springer-Verlag. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-2065-5
50. Gerding, M. A., Ogata, Y., Pecora, N. D., Niki, H., and de Boer, P. A. J. (2007). The trans-envelope Tol-Pal complex is part of the cell division machinery and required for proper outer-membrane invagination during cell constriction in E. coli. Mol. Microbiol. 63, 1008-1025. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05571.x
51. Gill, R. L. Jr., Castaing, J.-P., Hsin, J., Tan, I. S., Wang, X., Huang, K. C., et al. (2015). Structural basis for the geometry-driven localization of a small protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, E1908-E1915. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1423868112
52. Gold, V. A. M., Robson, A., Bao, H., Romantsov, T., Duong, F., and Collinson, I. (2010). The action of cardiolipin on the bacterial translocon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 10044-10049. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0914680107
53. Govindarajan, S., Elisha, Y., Nevo-Dinur, K., and Amster-Choder, O. (2013). The general phosphotransferase system proteins localize to sites of strong negative curvature in bacterial cells. mBio 4:e00443-13. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00443-13
54. Govindarajan, S., Nevo-Dinur, K., and Amster-Choder, O. (2012). Compartmentalization and spatiotemporal organization of macromolecules in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 36, 1005-1022. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00348.x
55. Gründling, A., and Schneewind, O. (2007). Synthesis of glycerol phosphate lipoteichoic acid in Staphylococcus aureus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 8478-8483. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701821104
56. Gully, D., and Bouveret, E. (2006). A protein network for phospholipid synthesis uncovered by a variant of the tandem affinity purification method in Escherichia coli. Proteomis 6, 282-293. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200500115
57. Gutierrez-Ríos, R. M., Freyre-Gonzalez, J. A., Resendis, O., Collado-Vides, J., Saier, M., and Gosset, G. (2007). Identification of regulatory network topological units coordinating the genome-wide transcriptional response to glucose in Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol. 7:53. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-53
58. Hahne, H., Wolff, S., Hecker, M., and Becher, D. (2008). From complementarity to comprehensiveness-targeting the membrane proteome of growing Bacillus subtilis by divergent approaches. Proteomics 8, 4123-4136. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200800258
59. Haines, T. H., and Dencher, N. A. (2002). Cardiolipin: a proton trap for oxidative phosphorylation. FEBS Lett. 528, 35-39. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03292-1
60. Halbedel, S., Kawai, M., Breitling, R., and Hamoen, L. (2014). SecA is required for membrane targeting of the cell division protein DivIVA in vivo. Front. Microbiol. 5:58. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00058
61. Hara, H., Yasuda, S., Horiuchi, K., and Park, J. T. (1997). A promoter for the first nine genes of the Escherichia coli mra cluster of cell division and cell envelope biosynthesis genes, including ftsI and ftsW. J. Bacteriol. 179, 5802-5811.
62. Hara, Y., Seki, M., Matsuoka, S., Hara, H., Yamashita, A., and Matsumoto, K. (2008). Involvement of PlsX and the acyl-phosphate dependent sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase PlsY in the initial stage of glycerolipid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Genes Genet. Syst. 83, 433-442. doi: 10.1266/ggs.83.433
63. Hashimoto, M., Seki, T., Matsuoka, S., Hara, H., Asai, K., Sadaie, Y., et al. (2013). Induction of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors in Bacillus subtilis cells with defects in lipoteichoic acid synthesis. Microbiology 159, 23-35. doi. 10.1099/mic.0.063420-0
64. Hashimoto, M., Takahashi, H., Hara, Y., Hara, H., Asai, K., Sadaie, Y., et al. (2009). Induction of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors in Bacillus subtilis cells with membranes of reduced phosphatidylglycerol content. Genes Genet. Syst. 84, 191-198. doi: 10.1266/ggs.84.191
65. Hauser, H., Pascher, I., Pearson, R. H., and Sundell, S. (1981). Preferred conformation and molecular packing of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 650, 21-51. doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(81)90007-1
66. Haverstick, D. M., and Glaser, M. (1987). Visualization of Ca2+-induced phospholipid domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 4475-4479. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.13.4475
67. Hill, N. S., Buske, P. J., Shi, Y., and Levine, P. A. (2013). A moonlighting enzyme links Escherichia coli cell size with central metabolism. PLoS Genetics 9:e1003663. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003663
68. Hu, Z., Gogol, E. P., and Lutkenhaus, J. (2002). Dynamic assembly of MinD on phospholipid vesicles regulated by ATP and MinE. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 6761-6766. doi: 10.1073/pnas.102059099
69. Huang, K. C., Mukhopadhyay, R., and Wingreen, N. S. (2006). A curvature-mediated mechanism for localization of lipids to bacterial poles. PLoS Comput. Biol. 2:e151. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020151
70. Huang, K. C., and Ramamurthi, K. S. (2010). Macromolecules that prefer their membranes curvy. Mol. Microbiol. 76, 822-832. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07168.x
71. Igarashi, K., and Kashiwagi, K. (2006). Polyamine modulon in Escherichia coli: genes involved in the stimulation of cell growth by polyamines. J. Biochem. 139, 11-16. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvj020
72. Jerga, A., Miller, D. J., White, S. W., and Rock, C. O. (2007). Molecular determinants for interfacial binding and conformational change in a soluble diacylglycerol kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 7246-7254. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M805962200
73. Jin, D. J., Cagliero, C., and Zhou, Y. N. (2013). Role of RNA polymerase and transcription in the organization of the bacterial nucleoid. Chem. Rev. 113, 8662-8682. doi: 10.1021/cr4001429
74. Johnson, J. E., and Cornell, R. B. (1999). Amphitropoic proteins: regulation by reversible membrane interactions (review). Molec. Membr. Biol. 16, 217-235. doi: 10.1080/096876899294544
75. Jouhet, J. (2013). Importance of the hexagonal lipid phase in biological membrane organization. Front. Plant Sci. 4:494. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00494
76. Kawai, F., Hara, H., Takamatsu, H., Watabe, K., and Matsumoto, K. (2006). Cardiolipin enrichment in spore membranes and its involvement in germination of Bacillus subtilis Marburg. Genes Genet. Syst. 81, 69-76. doi: 10.1266/ggs.81.69
77. Kawai, F., Shoda, M., Harashima, R., Sadaie, Y., Hara, H., and Matsumoto, K. (2004). Cardiolipin domains in Bacillus subtilis Marburg membranes. J. Bacteriol. 186, 1475-1483. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.5.1475-1483.2004
78. Kennell, D., and Riezman, H. (1977). Transcription and translation frequencies of the Escherichia coli lac operon. J. Mol. Biol. 114, 1-21. doi: 10.1016/022-2836(77)90279-0
79. Kicia, M., Janeczko, N., Lewicka, J., and Hendrich, A. B. (2012). Comparison of the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and colistin on the morphology of cardiolipin domains in Escherichia coli membranes. J. Med. Microbiol. 61, 520-524. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.037788-0
80. Kikuchi, S., Shibuya, I., and Matsumoto, K. (2000). Viability of an Escherichia coli pgsA null mutant lacking detectable phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. J. Bacteriol. 182, 371-376. doi: 10.1128/JB.182.2.371-376.2000
81. Kogoma, T. (1997). Stable DNA replication: interplay between DNA replication, homologous recombination and transcription. Microbiol. Molec. Biol. Rev. 61, 212-238.
82. Konovalova, A., Perlman, D. H., Coweles, C. E., and Silhavy, T. J. (2014). Transmembrane domain of surface-exoised outer membrane lipoprotein RcsF is threaded through the lumen of ß-barrel proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, E4350-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1417138111
83. Koppelman, C.-M., den Blaauwen, T., Duursma, M. C., Heeren, R. M. A., and Nanninga, N. (2001). Escherichia coli minicell membranes are enriched in cardiolipin. J. Bacteriol. 183, 6144-6147. doi: 10.1128/JB.183.20.6144-6147.2001
84. Kretschmer, S., and Schwille, P. (2014). Toward spatially regulated division of protocells: insights into the E. coli Min System from in vitro studies. Life (Basel) 4, 915-928. doi: 10.3390/life4040915
85. Krupka, M., Cabré, E. J., Jiménez, M., Rivas, G., Rico, A. I., and Vicente, M. (2014). Role of the FtsA C terminus as a switch for polymerization and membrane association. mBio 5:e02221-14. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02221-14
86. Lai, E. M., Nair, U., Phadke, N. D., and Maddock, J. R. (2004). Proteomic screening and identification of differentially distributed membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 52, 1029-1044. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04040.x
87. Lazarevic, V., Soldo, B., Médico, N., Pooley, H., Bron, S., and Karamata, D. (2005). Bacillus subtilis a-phosphoglucomutase is required for normal cell morphology and biofilm formation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71, 39-45. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.1.39-45.2005
88. Leaver, M., Dominguez-Cuevas, P., Coxhead, J. M., Daniel, R. A., and Errington, J. (2009). Life without a wall or division machine in Bacillus subtilis. Nature 457, 849-853. doi: 10.1038/nature07742
89. Lemmon, M. A. (2008). Membrane recognition by phospholipid-binding domains. Nat. Rev. Molec. Cell Biol. 9, 99-111. doi: 10.1038/nrm2328
90. Lenarcic, R., Halbedel, S., Visser, L., Shaw, M., Wu, L. J., and Errington, J. (2009). Localization of DivIVA by targeting to negatively curved membranes. EMBO J. 28, 2272-2282. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.129
91. Li, G., and Young, K. (2012). Isolation and identification of new inner membrane-associated proteins that localize to cell poles in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 84, 276-295. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08021.x
92. Li, Y., Lipowsky, R., and Dimova, R. (2011). Membrane nanotubes induced by aqueous phase separation and stabilized by spontaneous curvature. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 4731-4736. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015892108
93. Libby, E., Roggiani, M., and Goulian, M. (2012). Membrane protein expression triggers chromo-somal locus repositioning in bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 7445-7450. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1109479109
94. Llopis, P. M., Jackson, A. F., Sliusarenko, O., Surovtsev, I., Heinritz, J., Emonet, T., et al. (2010). Spatial organization of the flow of genetic information in bacteria. Nature 466, 77-82. doi: 10.1038/nature09152
95. Llorente-Garcia, I., Lenn, T., Erhardt, H., Harriman, O. L., Liu, L. N., Robson, A., et al. (2014). Single-molecule in vivo imaging of bacterial respiratory complexes indicates delocalized oxidative phosphorylation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1837, 811-824. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.01.020
96. Lobasso, S., Palese, L. L., Angelini, R., and Corcelli, A. (2013). Relationship between cardiolipin metabolism and oxygen availability in Bacillus subtilis. FEBS Open Bio 3, 151-155. doi: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.02.002
97. Lobasso, S., Saponetti, M. S., Polidoro, F., Lopalco, P., Urbanija, J., Kralj-Iglic, V., et al. (2009). Archaebacterial lipid membranes as models to study the interaction of 10-N-nonyl acridine orange with phospholipids. Chem. Phys. Lipids 157, 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.09.002
98. Lopez, D., and Kolter, R. (2010). Functional microdomains in bacterial membranes. Genes Dev. 24, 1893-1902. doi: 10.1101/gad.1945010
99. Lopian, L., Elisha, Y., Nussbaum-Shochat, A., and Amster-Choder, O. (2010). Spatial and temporal organization of the E. coli PTS components. EMBO J. 29, 3630-3645. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2010.240
100. Lu, Y. J., Zhang, Y. M., Grimes, K. D., Qi, J., Lee, R. E., and Rock, C. O. (2006). Acyl-phosphates initiate membrane phospholipid synthesis in gram-positive pathogens. Molec. Cell 23, 765-772. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.06.030
101. Makise, M., Mima, S., Tsuchiya, T., and Mizushima, T. (2001). Molecular mechanism for functional interaction between DnaA protein and acidic phospholipids: identification of important amino acids. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 7450-7456. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M009643200
102. Maloney, E., Madiraju, S. C., Rajagopalan, M., and Madiraju, M. (2011). Localization of acidic phospholipid cardiolipin and DnaA in mycobacteria. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 1, S150-S155. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.10.025
103. Manning, G. S. (2007). Counterion condensation on charged spheres, cylinders, and planes. J. Phys. Chem. 111, 8554-8559. doi: 10.1021/jp067084417
104. Margolin, W. (2012). The price of tags in protein localization studies. J. Bacteriol. 194, 6369-6371. doi: 10.1128/JB.01640-12
105. Marston, A. L., Thomaides, H. B., Edwards, D. H., Sharpe, M. E., and Errington, J. (1998). Polar localization of the MinD protein of Bacillus subtilis and its role in selection of the mid-cell division site. Genes Dev. 12, 3419-3430. doi: 10.1101/gad.12.21.3419
106. Matsumoto, K. (1997). Phosphatidylserine synthase from bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1348, 214-227. doi: 10.1016/S0005-2760(97)00110-0
107. Matsumoto, K. (2001). Dispensable nature of phosphatidylglycerol in Escherichia coli: dual roles of anionic phospholipids. Mol. Microbiol. 39, 1427-1433. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02320.x
108. Matsumoto, K., Kusaka, J., Nishibori, A., and Hara, H. (2006). Lipid domains in bacterial membranes. Mol. Microbiol. 61, 1110-1117. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05317.x
109. Matsumoto, K., Matsuoka, S., and Hara, H. (2012). "Membranes and lipids," in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis: The Frontiers of Molecular Microbiology Revisited, eds Y. Sadaie and K. Matsumoto (Kerala: Research Signpost), 61-91.
110. Matsuoka, S., Chiba, M., Tanimura, Y., Hashimoto, M., Hara, H., and Matsumoto, K. (2011a). Abnormal morphology of Bacillus subtilis ugtP mutant cells lacking glucolipids. Genes Genet. Syst. 86, 295-304. doi: 10.1266/ggs.86.295
111. Matsuoka, S., Hashimoto, M., Kamiya, Y., Miyazawa, T., Ishikawa, K., Hara, H., et al. (2011b). The Bacillus subtilis essential gene dgkB is dispensable in mutants with defective lipoteichoic acid synthesis. Genes Genet. Syst. 86, 365-376. doi: 10.1266/ggs.86.365
112. Mazor, S., Regev, T., Mileykovskaya, E., Margolin, W., Dowhan, W., and Fishov, I. (2008). Mutual effects of MinD-membrane interaction: II. Domain structure of the membrane enhances MinD binding. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1778, 2505-2511. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.08.004
113. McGary, K., and Nudler, E. (2013). RNA polymerase and the ribosome: the close relationship. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 16, 112-117. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.01.010
114. McGlynn, P. (2010). Linking transcription with DNA repair, damage tolerance, and genome duplication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 15314-15315. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010659107
115. Mengin-Lecreulx, D., Ayala, J., Bouhss, A., van Heijenoort, J., Parquet, C., and Hara, H. (1998). Contribution of the Pmra promoter to expression of genes in the Escherichia coli mra cluster of cell envelope biosynthesis and cell division genes. J. Bacteriol. 180, 4406-4412.
116. Meredith, D. H., Plank, M., and Lewis, P. J. (2008). Different patterns of integral membrane protein localization during cell division in Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology 154, 64-71. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/013268-0
117. Meyer, P., Cecchi, G., and Stolovitzky, G. (2014). Spatial localization of the first and last enzymes effectively connects active metabolic pathways in bacteria. BMC Syst. Biol. 8:131. doi: 10.1186/s12918-014-0131-1
118. Mileykovskaya, E. (2007). Subcellular localization of Escherichia coli osmosensory transporter ProP: focus on cardiolipin membrane domains. Mol. Microbiol. 64, 1419-1422. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05766.x
119. Mileykovskaya, E., and Dowhan, W. (2000). Visualization of phospholipid domains in Escherichia coli by using the cardiolipin-specific fluorescent dye 10-N-nonyl acridineorange. J. Bacteriol. 182, 1172-1175. doi: 10.1128/JB.182.4.1172-1175.2000
120. Mileykovskaya, E., and Dowhan, W. (2005). Role of membrane lipids in bacterial division-site selection. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 8, 135-142. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2005.02.012
121. Mileykovskaya, E., and Dowhan, W. (2009). Cardiolipin membrane domains in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1788, 2084-2091. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.04.003
122. Mileykovskaya, E., Dowhan, W., Birke, R. L., Zheng, D., Lutterodt, L., and Haines, T. H. (2001). Cardiolipin binds nonyl acridine orange by aggregating the dye at exposed hydrophobic domains on bilayer surfaces. FEBS Lett. 507, 187-190. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02948-9
123. Mileykovskaya, E., Fishov, I., Fu, X., Corbin, B. D., Margolin, W., and Dowhan, W. (2003). Effects of phospholipids composition on MinD-membrane interaction in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 22193-22198. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M302603200
124. Mileykovskaya, E., and Margolin, W. (2012). "Cell division" in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis: The frontiers of Molecular Microbiology Revisited, eds Y. Sadaie and K. Matsumoto (Kerala: Research Signpost), 149-177.
125. Mileykovskaya, E., Ryan, A. C., Mo, X., Lin, C. C., Khalaf, K. I., Dowhan, W., et al. (2009). Phosphatidic acid and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine from membrane domains in Escherichia coli mutant lacking cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 2990-3000. doi. 10.1074/jbc.M805189200
126. Mim, C., and Unger, V. M. (2012). Membrane curvature and its generation by BAR proteins. Trends Bichem. Sci. 37, 526-533. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2012.09.001
127. Mozharov, A. D., Shchipakin, V. N., Fishov, I. L., and Evtodienko, Y. V. (1985). Changes in the composition of membrane phospholipids during the cell cycle of E. coli. FEBS Lett. 186, 103-106. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)81348-X
128. Muchová, K., Wilkinson, A., and Barak, I. (2011). Change of lipid domains in Bacillus subtilis cells with disrupted cell wall peptidoglycan. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 325, 92-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02417
129. Mulder, E., and Woldringh, C. (1989). Actively replicating nucleoids influence positioning of division sites in Escherichia coli filaments forming cells lacking DNA. J. Bacteriol. 171, 4303-4314.
130. Munro, G. F., Hercules, K., Morgan, J., and Sauerbier, W. (1972). Dependence of the putrescine content of Escherichia coli on the osmotic strength of the medium. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 1272-1280.
131. Nishibori, A., Kusaka, J., Hara, H., Umeda, M., and Matsumoto, K. (2005). Phosphatidylethanolamine domains and localization of phospholipids synthases in Bacillus subtilis membranes. J. Bacteriol. 187, 2163-2174. doi: 10.1128/JB.187.6.2163-2174.2005
132. Norris, V. (1995). Hypothesis: chromosome separation in Escherichia coli involves autocatalytic gene expression, transertion and membrane-domain formation. Mol. Microbiol. 16, 1051-1057. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02330.x
133. Norris, V., and Amar, P. (2012). Chromosome replication in Escherichia coli: life on the scales. Life 2, 286-312. doi: 10.3390/life2040286
134. Norris, V., Ayala, J. A., Begg, K., Bouché, J. P., Bouloc, P., Boye, E., et al. (1994). Cell cycle control: prokaryotic solutions to eukaryotic problems? J. Theor. Biol. 168, 227-230. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.1994.1102
135. Norris, V., den Blaauwen, T., Doi, R. H., Harshey, R. M., Janniere, L., Jiménez-Sánchez, A., et al. (2007a). Toward a hyperstructure taxonomy. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 61, 309-329. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.081606.103348
136. Norris, V., den Blaauwen, T., Cabin-Flaman, A., Doi, R. H., Harshey, R., Janniere, L., et al. (2007b). Functional taxonomy of bacterial hyperstructures. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 71, 230-253. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00035-06
137. Norris, V., and Madsen, M. S. (1995). Autocatalytic gene expression occurs via transertion and membrane domain formation and underlies differentiation in bacteria: a model. J. Mol. Biol. 253, 739-748. doi: 10.1006/jmb.1995.0587
138. Norris, V., Misevic, G., Delosme, J.-M., and Oshima, A. (2002). Hypothesis: a phospholipid translocase couples lateral and transverse bilayer asymmetries in dividing bacteria. J. Mol. Biol. 318, 455-462. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00098-0
139. Norris, V., Nana, G. G., and Audinot, J. N. (2014a). New approaches to the problem of generating coherent, reproducible phenotypes. Theory Biosci. 133, 47-61. doi: 10.1007/s12064-013-0185-4
140. Norris, V., Reusch, R. N., Igarashi, K., and Root-Bernstein, R. (2014b). Molecular complementarity between simple, universal molecules and ions limited phenotype space in the precursors of cells. Biol. Direct. 10, 28. doi: 10.1186/s13062-014-0028-3
141. Norris, V., Onoda, T., Pollaert, H., and Grehan, G. (1999). The mechanical advantages of DNA. BioSystems 49, 71-78. doi: 10.1016/S0303-2647(98)00031-8
142. Norris, V., Woldringh, C. L., and Mileykovskaya, E. (2004). Hypothesis: a hypothesis to explain division site selection in Escherichia coli by combining nucleoid occlusion and min. FEBS Lett. 561, 3-10. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00135-8
143. Okada, M., Matsuzaki, H., Shibuya, I., and Matsumoto, K. (1994). Cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli of the Bacillus subtilis gene for phosphatidylserine synthase. J. Bacteriol. 176, 7456-7461.
144. Okuda, S., and Tokuda, H. (2011). Lipoprotein sorting in bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 65, 239-259. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102859
145. Oliva, M. A., Halbedel, S., Freund, S. M., Dutow, P., Leonard, T. A., Veprintsev, D. B., et al. (2010). Features critical for membrane binding reveal ed by DivIVA crystal structure. EMBO J. 29, 1988-2001. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2010.99
146. Oliver, P. M., Crooks, J. A., Leidl, M., Yoon, E. J., Saghatelian, A., and Weibel, D. B. (2014). Localization of anionic phospholipids in Escherichia coli cells. J. Bacteriol. 196, 3386-3398. doi: 10.1128/JB.01877-14
147. Onoda, T., Enokizono, J., Kaya, H., Oshima, A., Freestone, P., and Norris, V. (2000). Effects of calcium and calcium chelators on growth and morphology of Escherichia coli L-form NC-7. J. Bacteriol. 182, 1419-1422. doi: 10.1128/JB.182.5.1419-1422.2000
148. Osawa, M., Anderson, D. E., and Erickson, H. P. (2008). Reconstitution of contractile FtsZ rings in liposomes. Science 320, 792-794. doi: 10.1126/science.1154520
149. Osawa, M., and Erickson, H. P. (2013). Liposome division by a simple bacterial division machinery. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 11000-11004. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1222254110
150. Osella, M., Nugent, E., and Lagomarsino, M. C. (2014). Concerted control of Escherichia coli cell division. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 3431-3435. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1313715111
151. Otto, A., Bernhardt, J., Meyer, H., Schaffer, M., Herbst, F.-A., Siebourg, J., et al. (2010). Systems-wide temporal proteomic profiling in glucose-starved Bacillus subtilis. Nat. Commun. 1, 137. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1137
152. Paoletti, L., Lu, Y. J., Schujman, G., de Mendoza, and Rock, C. O. (2007). Coupling of fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 189, 5816-5842. doi: 10.1128/JB.00602-07
153. Papanastasiou, M., Orfanoudaki, G., Koukaki, M., Kountourakis, N., Frantzeskos Sardis, M. F., Aivaliotis, M., et al. (2013). The Escherichia coli peripheral inner membrane proteome. Molec. Cell Proteom. 12, 599-610. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M112.024711
154. Pascher, I., Sundell, S., Harlos, K., and Eibl, H. (1987). Conformation and packing properties of membrane lipids: the crystal structure of sodium dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 896, 77-88. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(87)90358-0
155. Patel, H. V., Vyas, K. A., Li, X., Savtchenko, R., and Roseman, S. (2004). Subcellular distribution of enzyme I of the Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate: glucose phosphotransferase system depends on growth conditions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 17486-17491. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0407865101
156. Patrick, J. E., and Kearns, D. B. (2008). MinJ(YvjD) is a topological determinant of cell division in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Microbiol. 70, 1166-1179. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06469.x
157. Pavlendova, N., Muchova, K., and Barak, I. (2010). Expression of Escherichia coli Min system in Bacillus subtilis and its effect on cell division. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 302, 58-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01832.x
158. Petit, J. M., Huet, O., Gallet, P. F., Maftah, A., Ratinaud, M. H., and Julien, R. (1994). Direct analysis and significance of cardiolipin transverse distribution in mitochondrial inner membranes. Eur. J. Biochem. 220, 871-879. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18690.x
159. Petit, J. M., Maftah, A., Ratinaud, M. H., and Julien, R. (1992). 10-N-nonyl acridine orange interacts with cardiolipin and allows the quantification of this phospholipid in isolated mitochondria. Eur. J. Biochem. 209, 267-273. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17285.x
160. Pichoff, S., and Lutkenhaus, J. (2005). Tethering the Z ring to the membrane through a conserved membrane targeting sequence in FtsA. Mol. Microbiol. 55, 1722-1734. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04522.x
161. Price, K. D., Roels, S., and Losick, R. (1997). A Bacillus subtilis gene encoding a protein similar to nucleotide sugar transferases influences cell shape and viability. J. Bacteriol. 179, 4959-4961.
162. Ramamurthi, K. S. (2010). Protein localization by recognition of membrane curvature. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 13, 753-757. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.09.14
163. Ramamurthi, K. S., and Losick, R. (2009). Negative membrane curvature as a cue for subcellular localization of a bacterial protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 13541-13545. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906851106
164. Raskin, D. M., and de Boer, P. A. J. (1999). Rapid pole-to-pole oscillation of a protein required for directing division to the middle of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 4971-4976. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.9.4971
165. Regev, T., Myers, N., Zarivach, R., and Fishov, I. (2012). Association of the chromosome replication initiator DnaA with the Escherichia coli inner membrane in vitro: quantity and mode of binding. PLoS ONE 7:e36441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036441
166. Renner, L. D., Eswaramoorthy, P., Ramamurthi, K. S., and Weibel, D. B. (2013). Studying biomolecule localization by engineering bacterial cell wall curvature. PLoS ONE 8:e84143. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084143
167. Renner, L. D., and Weibel, D. B. (2011). Cardiolipin microdomains localize to negatively curved regions of Escherichia coli membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 6264-6269. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015757108
168. Rilfors, L., Niemi, A., Haraldsson, S., Edwards, K., Andersson, A.-S., and Dowhan, W. (1999). Reconstituted phosphatidylserine synthase from Escherichia coli is activated by anionic phospholipids and micelle-forming amphiphiles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1438, 281-294. doi: 10.1016/S1388-1981(99)00060-8
169. Romantsov, T., Battle, A. R., Hendel, J. L., Martinac, B., and Wood, J. M. (2010). Protein localization in Escherichia coli cells: comparison of the cytoplasmic membrane protein ProP, LacY, ProW, AqpZ, MscS, and MscL. J. Bacteriol. 192, 912-924. doi: 10.1128/JB.00967-09
170. Romantsov, T., Helbig, S., Culham, D. E., Gill, C., Stalker, L., and Wood, J. (2007). Cardiolipin promotes polar localization of osmosensory transporter ProP in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 64, 1455-1465. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05727.x
171. Romantsov, T., Stalker, L., Culham, D. E., and Wood, J. M. (2008). Cardiolipin controls the osmotic stress response and the subcellular location of transporter ProP in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 12314-12323. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M709871200
172. Rosch, J. W., and Caparon, M. G. (2005). The ExPortal: an organelle dedicated to the biogenesis of secreted proteins in Streptococcus pyogenes. Mol. Microbiol. 58, 959-968. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04887.x
173. Rosch, J. W., Hsu, F. F., and Caparon, M. G. (2007). Anionic lipids enriched at the exportal of Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Bacteriol. 189, 801-806. doi: 10.1128/JB.01549-06
174. Rowlett, V. W., and Margolin, W. (2013). The bacterial Min system. Curr. Biol. 23, R553-R556. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.024
175. Saha, S. K., Furukawa, Y., Matsuzaki, H., Shibuya, I., and Matsumoto, K. (1996b). Directed mutagenesis, Ser-56 to Pro, of Bacillus subtilis phosphatidylserine synthase drastically lowers enzymatic activity and relieves amplification toxicity in Escherichia coli. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 60, 630-633. doi: 10.1271/bbb.60.630
176. Saha, S. K., Nishijima, S., Matsuzaki, H., Shibuya, I., and Matsumoto, K. (1996a). A regulatory mechanism for the balanced synthesis of membrane phospholipid species in Escherichia coli. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 60, 111-116. doi: 10.1271/bbb.60.111
177. Saier, M. H. Jr. (2013). Microcompartments and protein machines in prokaryotes. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23, 243-269. doi: 10.1271/bbb.60.630
178. Saier, M. H. Jr., Ramseier, T. M., and Reizer, J. (1996). "Regulation of carbon utilization," in Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Cellular and Molecular Biology, eds F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss, J. L. Ingraham, E.C.C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, et al. (Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology), 1325-1343.
179. Salje, J., van den Ent, F., de Boer, P., and Löwe, J. (2011). Direct membrane binding by bacterial actin MreB. Molec. Cell 43, 478-487. doi: 10.1016/j.molec.2011.07.008
180. Salzberg, L. I., and Helmann, J. D. (2008). Phenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of Bacillus subtilis mutants with grossly altered membrane composition. J. Bacteriol. 190, 7797-7807. doi: 10.1128/JB.00720-08
181. Sanamrad, A., Persson, F., Lundius, E. G., Fange, D., Gynnå, A. H., and Elf, J. (2014). Single-particle tracking reveals that free ribosomal subunits are not excluded from the Escherichia coli nucleoid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 11413-11418. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1411558111
182. Sankaran, K., and Wu, H. C. (1994). Lipid modification of bacterial prolipoprotein. Transfer of diacylglycerol moiety from phosphatidylglycerol. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 19701-19706.
183. Santos, T. M. A., Lin, T. Y., Rajendran, M., Anderson, S. M., and Weibel, D. B. (2014). Polar localization of Escherichia coli chemoreceptors requires an intact Tol-Pal complex. Moelc. Microbiol. 92, 985-1004. doi: 10.1111/mm.12609
184. Sato, S., Kawamoto, J., Sato, S. B., Watanabe, B., Hiratake, J., Esaki, N., et al. (2012). Occurrence of a bacterial membrane microdomain at the cell division site enriched in phospholipids with polyunsaturated hydrocarbon chains. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 24113-24121. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.318311
185. Schaechter, M., Maaloe, O., and Kjeldgaard, N. O. (1958). Dependency on medium and temperature of cell size and chemical composition during balanced grown of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Gen. Microbiol. 19, 592-606. doi: 10.1099/00221287-19-3-592
186. Schirner, K., Marles-Wright, J., Lewis, R. J., and Errington, J. (2009). Distinct and essential morphogenic functions for wall- and lipoteichoic acids in Bacillus subtilis. EMBO J. 28, 830-842. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.25
187. Schuber, F. J. (1989). Influence of polyamines on membrane functions. Biochemistry 260, 1-10.
188. Schulze, R. J., Komar, J., Botte, M., Allen, W. J., Whitehouse, S., Gold, V. A., et al. (2014). Membrane protein insertion and proton-motive-force-dependent secretion through the bacterial holo-translocon SecYEG-SecDF-YajC-YidC. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 4844-4849. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1315901111
189. Seddon, J. M. (1990). Structure of the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase, and non-lamellar phase transitions of lipids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1031, 1-69. doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(90)90002-T
190. Seki, T., Mineshima, R., Hashimoto, M., Matsumoto, K., Hara, H., and Matsuoka, S. (2015). Repression of the activities of extracytoplasmic function s factors, sM and sV of Bacillus subtilis by glucolipids in Escherichia coli cells. Genes Genet. Syst. (in press).
191. Shakibai, N., Ishidate, K., Reshetnyak, E., Gunji, S., Kohiyama, M., and Rothfield, L. (1998). High-affinity binding of hemimethylated oriC by Escherichia coli membranes is mediated by a multiprotein system that includes SeqA and a newly identified factor, SeqB. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 11117-11121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11117
192. Shapiro, L., McAdams, H. H., and Losick, R. (2002). Generating and exploiting polarity in bacteria. Science 298, 1942-1946. doi: 10.1126/science.1072163
193. Shiba, Y., Miyagawa, H., Nagahama, H., Matsumoto, K., Kondo, D., Matsuoka, S., et al. (2012). Exploring the relationship between lipoprotein mislocalization and activation of the Rcs signal transduction system in Escherichia coli. Microbiology 158, 1238-1248. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.056945-0
194. Shiba, Y., Yokoyama, Y., Aono, Y., Kiuchi, T., Kusaka, J., Matsumoto, K., et al. (2004). Activation of the Rcs signal transduction system is responsible for the thermosensitive growth defect of an Escherichia coli mutant lacking phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. J. Bacteriol. 186, 6526-6535. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.19.6526-6535.2004
195. Shibuya, I. (1992). Metabolic regulations and biological functions of phospholipids in Escherichia coli. Prog. Lipid Res. 31, 245-299. doi: 10.1016/0163-7827(92)90010-G
196. Shiomi, D., and Margolin, W. (2007). Sweet sensor for size-conscious bacteria. Cell 130, 21-218. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.011
197. Shiomi, D., Yoshimoto, M., Homma, M., and Kawagishi, I. (2006). Helical distribution of the bacterial chemoreceptor via colocalization with the Sec protein translocation machinery. Mol. Microbiol. 60, 894-906. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05145.x
198. Siddiqui, R. A., Hoischen, C., Holst, O., Heinze, I., Schlott, B., Gumpert, J., et al. (2006). The analysis of cell division and cell wall synthesis genes reveals mutationally inactivated ftsQ and mraY in a protoplast-type L-form of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 258, 305-311. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00237.x
199. Singer, S. J., and Nicolson, G. L. (1972). The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175, 720-731. doi: 10.1126/science.175.4023.720
200. Slater, S., Wold, S., Lu, M., Boye, E., Skarstad, K., and Kleckner, N. (1995). E. coli SeqA protein binds oriC in two different methyl-modulated reactions appropriate to its roles in DNA replication initiation and origin sequestration. Cell 82, 927-936. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90272-4
201. Sourjik, V., and Armitage, J. P. (2010). Spatial organization in bacterial chemotaxis. EMBO J. 29, 2724-2733. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2010.178
202. Strahl, H., Bürmann, F., and Hamoen, L. W. (2014). The actin homologue MreB organizes the bacterial cell membrane. Nat. Commun. 5, 3442. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4442
203. Strahl, H., Turlan, C., Khalid, S., Bond, P. J., Kebalo, J. M., Peyron, P., et al. (2015). Membrane recognition and dynamics of the RNA degradosome. PLoS Genet. 11:e1004961. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004961
204. Suefuji, K., Valluzzi, R., and RayChaudhuri, D. (2002). Dynamic assembly of MinD into filament bundles modulated by ATP, phospholipids, and MinE. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 16776-16781. doi: 10.1073/pnas.262671699
205. Suzuki, M., Hara, H., and Matsumoto, K. (2002). Envelope disorder of Escherichia coli cells lacking phosphatidylglycerol. J. Bacteriol. 184, 5418-5425. doi: 10.1128/JB.184.19.5418-5425.2002
206. Szeto, T. H., Rowland, S. L., Habrukowich, C. L., and King, G. F. (2003). The MinD membrane targeting sequence is a transdplantable lipid-binding helix. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 40050-40056. doi: 10.74/jbc.M306876200
207. Szeto, T. H., Rowland, S. L., Rothfield, L. I., and King, G. F. (2002). Membrane localization of MinD is mediated by a C-terminal motif that is conserved across eubacteria, archaea, and chloroplasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 15693-15698. doi: 10.1073/pnas.232590599
208. Szwedziak, P., Wang, Q., Bharat, T. A. M., Tsim, M., and Löwe, J. (2014). Architecture of the ring formed by the tubulin homologue FtsZ in bacterial cell division. elife 3:e04601. doi: 10.7554/eLife.04601
209. Szwedziak, P., Wang, Q., Freund, S. M. V., and Löwe, J. (2012). FtsA forms actin-like protofilaments. EMBO J. 31, 2249-2260. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.76
210. Takada, H., Fukushima-Tanaka, S., Morita, M., Kasahara, Y., Watanabe, S., Chibazakura, T., et al. (2014). An essential enzyme for phospholipid synthesis associates with the Bacillus subtilis divisome. Mol. Microbiol. 91, 242-255. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12457
211. Tan, B. K., Bogdanov, M., Zhao, J., Dowhan, W., Raetz, C. R. H., and Guan, Z. (2012). Discovery of a cardiolipin synthase utilizing phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as substrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.SA. 109, 16504-16509. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212797109
212. Terui, Y., Akiyama, M., Sakamoto, A., Tomitori, H., Yamamoto, K., Ishihama, A., et al. (2012). Increase in cell viability by polyamines through stimulation of the synthesis of ppGpp regulatory protein and ? protein of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 44, 412-422. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.11.017
213. Tran, T. T., Panesso, D., Mishra, N. N., Mileykovskaya, E., and Arias, C. A. (2013). Daptomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis diverts the antibiotic molecule from the division septum and remodels cell membrane phospholipids. mBio 4:e00281-13. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00281-13
214. Tsui, H. C. T., Keen, S., Sham, L. T., Wayne, K. J., and Winkler, M. E. (2011). Dynamic distribution of the SecA and SecY translocase subunits and septal localization of the HtrA surfacee chaperon/protease during Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 cell division. mBio 2:e00202-11. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00202-11
215. Usui, M., Sembongi, H., Matsuzaki, H., Matsumoto, K., and I Shibuya, I. (1994). Primary structures of the wild-type and mutant alleles encoding the phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 176, 3389-3392.
216. van den Brink-van der Laan, E., Boots, J. W. P., Spelbrink, R. E. J., Kool, G. M., Breukink, E. J., Killian, A., et al. (2003). Membrane interaction of the glycosyltransferase MurG: a special role for cardiolipin. J. Bacteriol. 185, 3773-23779. doi: 10.1128/JB.185.13.3773-3779.2003
217. van Dijl, J. M., Dreisbach, A., Skwark, M. J., Sibbald, M. J. J. B., Tjalsma, H., Zweers, J. C., et al. (2012). "Ins and outs of the Bacillus subtilis membrane proteome," in Bacillus Cellular and Molecular Biology, ed. P. Graumann (Norfolk: Caister Academic Press), 253-283.
218. van Teeffelen, S., Wang, S., Furchtgott, L., Huang, K. H., Wingreen, N. S., Shaevitz, J. W., et al. (2011). The bacterial actin MreB rotates, and rotation depends on cell-wall assembly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 15822-15827. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1108999108
219. Vanounou, S., Parola, A. H., and Fishov, I. (2003). Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-glycerol are segregated into different domains in bacterial membrane. A study with pyren-labelled phospholipids. Mol. Microbiol. 49, 1067-1079. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03614.x
220. Vecchiarelli, A. G., Li, M., Mizuuchi, M., and Mizuuchi, K. (2014). Differential affinities of MinD and MinE to anionic phospholipid influence Min pattering dynamics in vitro. Mol. Microbiol. 93, 453-463. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12669
221. Vereb, G., Szöllösi, J., Matkó, J., Nagy, P., Farkas, T., Vigh, L., et al. (2003). Dynamic, yet structure: the cell membrane three decades after the Singer-Nicolson model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 8053-8058. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1332550100
222. Vicente, M., Gomez, M. J., and Ayala, J. A. (1998). Regulation of transcription of cell division genes in the Escherichia coli dcw cluster. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 54, 317-324. doi: 10.1007/s000180050158
223. von Meyenburg, K., Jørgsen, B. B., and van Deurs, B. (1984). Physiological and morphological effects of overproduction of membrane-bound ATP synthase in Escherichia coli K-12. EMBO J. 3, 1791-1797.
224. Wang, X., Lesterlin, C., Reyes-Lamothe, R., Ball, G., and Sherratt, D. J. (2011). Replication and segregation of an Escherichia coli chromosome with two replication origins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, E243-E250. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1100874108
225. Weart, R. B., Lee, A. H., Chien, A. C., Haeusser, D. P., Hill, N. S., and Levin, P. A. (2007). A metabolic sensor governing cell size in bacteria. Cell 130, 335-347. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.043
226. Weiner, J. H., Lemire, B. D., Elmes, M. L., Bradley, R. D., and Scraba, D. G. (1984). Overproduction of fumarate reductase in Escherichia coli induces a novel intracellular lipid-protein organelle. J. Bacteriol. 158, 590-596.
227. Welby, M., Poquet, Y., and Tocanne, J.-F. (1996). The spatial distribution of phospholipids and glycolipids in the membrane of the bacterium Micrococcus luteus varies during the cell cycle. FEBS Lett. 384, 107-111. doi. 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00278-5
228. Wichmann, C., Naumann, P. T., Spangenberg, O., Konrad, M., Mayer, F., and Hoppert, M. (2003). Liposomes for microcompartmentation of enzymes and their influence on catalytic activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310, 1104-1110. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.128
229. Woldringh, C. L. (2002). The role of co-transcriptional translation and protein translocation (transertion) in bacterial chromosome segregation. Mol. Microbiol. 45, 17-29. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02993.x
230. Woldringh, C. L., Jensen, P. R., and Westerhoff, H. V. (1995). Structure and partitioning of bacterial DNA: determined by a balance of compaction and expansion forces? FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 131, 235-242. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07782.x
231. Woldringh, C. L., and Nanninga, N. (1985). "Structure of the nucleoid and cytoplasm in the intact cell," in Molecular Cytology of Escherichia coli. ed. N. Nanninga (London: Academic Press), 161-197.
232. Woldringh, C. L., and Nanninga, N. (2006). Structural and physical aspects of bacterial chromosome segregation. J. Struct. Biol. 156, 273-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.04.013
233. Yao, J., and Rock, C. O. (2013). Phosphatidic acid synthesis in bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1831, 495-502. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.018
234. Yoshimura, M., Oshima, T., and Ogasawara, N. (2007). Involvement of the YneS/YgiH and PlsX proteins in phospholipid biosynthesis in both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol. 7:69. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-69
235. Yung, M. W., and Green, C. (1986). The binding of polyamines to phospholipid bilayers. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35, 4037-4041. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(86)90024-9
236. Zerrouk, Z., Alexandre, S., Lafontaine, C., Norris, V., and Valleton, J. M. (2008). Inner membrane lipids of Escherichia coli form domains. Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces 63, 306-310. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.12.016
237. Zheng, M., Chiang, Y. L., Lee, H. L., Kong, L. R., Hsu, S.-T. D., Hwang, I.-S., et al. (2014). Self-assembly of MinE on the membrane underlies formation of the MinE ring to sustain function of the Escherichia coli Min system. J. Biol. Chem. 289, 21252-21266. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.571976