메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 122, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 411-428

An appraisal theory of empathy and other vicarious emotional experiences

Author keywords

Appraisal; Emotion; Empathy; Vicarious emotion

Indexed keywords

EMOTION; EMPATHY; HUMAN; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY;

EID: 84934840143     PISSN: 0033295X     EISSN: 19391471     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0039252     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (147)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 50849140464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisal-driven somatovisceral response patterning: Effects of intrinsic pleasantness and goal conduciveness
    • Aue, T., & Scherer, K. R. (2008). Appraisal-driven somatovisceral response patterning: Effects of intrinsic pleasantness and goal conduciveness. Biological Psychology, 79, 158-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.04.004
    • (2008) Biological Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 158-164
    • Aue, T.1    Scherer, K.R.2
  • 2
    • 78650419500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intrinsic pleasantness and goal conduciveness appraisals on somatovisceral responding: Somewhat similar, but not identical
    • Aue, T., & Scherer, K. R. (2011). Effects of intrinsic pleasantness and goal conduciveness appraisals on somatovisceral responding: Somewhat similar, but not identical. Biological Psychology, 86, 65-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.10.008
    • (2011) Biological Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 65-73
    • Aue, T.1    Scherer, K.R.2
  • 3
    • 80052870128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mirror neuron system involvement in empathy: A critical look at the evidence
    • Baird, A. D., Scheffer, I. E., & Wilson, S. J. (2011). Mirror neuron system involvement in empathy: A critical look at the evidence. Social Neuroscience, 6, 327-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2010.547085
    • (2011) Social Neuroscience , vol.6 , pp. 327-335
    • Baird, A.D.1    Scheffer, I.E.2    Wilson, S.J.3
  • 4
    • 0023508706 scopus 로고
    • Empathy with a rape victim: The role of similarity of experience
    • Barnett, M. A., Tetreault, P. A., & Masbad, I. (1987). Empathy with a rape victim: The role of similarity of experience. Violence and Victims, 2, 255-262.
    • (1987) Violence and Victims , vol.2 , pp. 255-262
    • Barnett, M.A.1    Tetreault, P.A.2    Masbad, I.3
  • 5
    • 0020595666 scopus 로고
    • Empathic understanding: A review of the concept and some theoretical considerations
    • Basch, M. (1983). Empathic understanding: A review of the concept and some theoretical considerations. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 31, 101-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306518303100104
    • (1983) Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association , vol.31 , pp. 101-126
    • Basch, M.1
  • 6
    • 0034747536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy-induced altruism in a prisoner's dilemma II: What if the target of empathy has defected?
    • Batson, C. D., & Ahmad, N. (2001). Empathy-induced altruism in a prisoner's dilemma II: What if the target of empathy has defected? European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 25-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.26
    • (2001) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 25-36
    • Batson, C.D.1    Ahmad, N.2
  • 8
    • 0031507919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imaging how you would feel
    • Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imaging how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 751-758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167297237008
    • (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.23 , pp. 751-758
    • Batson, C.D.1    Early, S.2    Salvarani, G.3
  • 9
    • 0000012260 scopus 로고
    • An attribution-empathy model of helping behavior: Behavioral intentions and judgments of help-giving
    • Betancourt, H. (1990). An attribution-empathy model of helping behavior: Behavioral intentions and judgments of help-giving. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 573-591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167290163015
    • (1990) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.16 , pp. 573-591
    • Betancourt, H.1
  • 10
    • 28544451325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responding to the emotions of others: Dissociating forms of empathy through the study of typical and psychiatric populations
    • Blair, R. J. R. (2005). Responding to the emotions of others: Dissociating forms of empathy through the study of typical and psychiatric populations. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 698-718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2005.06.004
    • (2005) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.14 , pp. 698-718
    • Blair, R.J.R.1
  • 11
    • 78651389474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should affective arousal be grounded in perceptionaction coupling?
    • Blair, R. J. R. (2011). Should affective arousal be grounded in perceptionaction coupling? Emotion Review, 3, 109-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073910384157
    • (2011) Emotion Review , vol.3 , pp. 109-110
    • Blair, R.J.R.1
  • 12
    • 0032947110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger
    • Blair, R. J. R., Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., & Dolan, R. J. (1999). Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 122, 883-893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/122.5.883
    • (1999) Brain: A Journal of Neurology , vol.122 , pp. 883-893
    • Blair, R.J.R.1    Morris, J.S.2    Frith, C.D.3    Perrett, D.I.4    Dolan, R.J.5
  • 13
    • 0034257799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison based satisfaction: Contrast and empathy
    • Brandstätter, E. (2000). Comparison based satisfaction: Contrast and empathy. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 673-703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0992(200009/10)30:5_673:AID-EJSP14_3.0.CO;2-D
    • (2000) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 673-703
    • Brandstätter, E.1
  • 14
    • 84855901398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct roles of the 'shared pain' and 'theory of mind' networks in processing others' emotional suffering
    • Bruneau, E. G., Pluta, A., & Saxe, R. (2012). Distinct roles of the 'shared pain' and 'theory of mind' networks in processing others' emotional suffering. Neuropsychologia, 50, 219-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.11.008
    • (2012) Neuropsychologia , vol.50 , pp. 219-231
    • Bruneau, E.G.1    Pluta, A.2    Saxe, R.3
  • 15
    • 80053063759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal interpersonal emotion systems: The "TIES" that form relationships
    • Butler, E. A. (2011). Temporal interpersonal emotion systems: The "TIES" that form relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 367-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868311411164
    • (2011) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.15 , pp. 367-393
    • Butler, E.A.1
  • 19
    • 84865796809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The balance between feeling and knowing: Affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional dynamics
    • Cox, C. L., Uddin, L. Q., Di Martino, A., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Kelly, C. (2012). The balance between feeling and knowing: Affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional dynamics. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 727-737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsr051
    • (2012) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 727-737
    • Cox, C.L.1    Uddin, L.Q.2    Di Martino, A.3    Castellanos, F.X.4    Milham, M.P.5    Kelly, C.6
  • 20
    • 77954728852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To what extent is the experience of empathy mediated by shared neural circuits
    • Decety, J. (2010). To what extent is the experience of empathy mediated by shared neural circuits. Emotion Review, 2, 204-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073910361981
    • (2010) Emotion Review , vol.2 , pp. 204-207
    • Decety, J.1
  • 21
    • 78650296560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting the neural mechanisms mediating empathy
    • Decety, J. (2011). Dissecting the neural mechanisms mediating empathy. Emotion Review, 3, 92-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073910374662
    • (2011) Emotion Review , vol.3 , pp. 92-108
    • Decety, J.1
  • 22
    • 0345014808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When the self represents the other: A new cognitive neuroscience view on psychological identification
    • Decety, J., & Chaminade, T. (2003). When the self represents the other: A new cognitive neuroscience view on psychological identification. Consciousness and Cognition, 12, 577-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8100(03)00076-X
    • (2003) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.12 , pp. 577-596
    • Decety, J.1    Chaminade, T.2
  • 23
    • 84907195650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friends or foes: Is empathy necessary for moral behavior?
    • Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2014a). Friends or foes: Is empathy necessary for moral behavior? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9, 525-537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691614545130
    • (2014) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.9 , pp. 525-537
    • Decety, J.1    Cowell, J.M.2
  • 24
    • 84902271208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complex relation between morality and empathy
    • Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2014b). The complex relation between morality and empathy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18, 337-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.008
    • (2014) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.18 , pp. 337-339
    • Decety, J.1    Cowell, J.M.2
  • 25
    • 33646723052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A social-neuroscience perspective on empathy
    • Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2006). A social-neuroscience perspective on empathy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 54-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00406.x
    • (2006) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.15 , pp. 54-58
    • Decety, J.1    Jackson, P.L.2
  • 26
    • 38349140436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: Implications for intervention across different clinical conditions
    • Decety, J., & Moriguchi, Y. (2007). The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: Implications for intervention across different clinical conditions. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1, 22-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-1-22
    • (2007) BioPsychoSocial Medicine , vol.1 , pp. 22-65
    • Decety, J.1    Moriguchi, Y.2
  • 27
    • 77950594043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians down-regulate their pain empathy response: An event-related brain potential study
    • Decety, J., Yang, C.-Y., & Cheng, Y. (2010). Physicians down-regulate their pain empathy response: An event-related brain potential study. NeuroImage, 50, 1676-1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.025
    • (2010) NeuroImage , vol.50 , pp. 1676-1682
    • Decety, J.1    Yang, C.-Y.2    Cheng, Y.3
  • 29
    • 84891382959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading people's minds from emotion expressions in interdependent decision making
    • de Melo, C. M., Carnevale, P. J., Read, S. J., & Gratch, J. (2014). Reading people's minds from emotion expressions in interdependent decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 73-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034251
    • (2014) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.106 , pp. 73-88
    • de Melo, C.M.1    Carnevale, P.J.2    Read, S.J.3    Gratch, J.4
  • 30
    • 33748798763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empathic brain: How, when and why?
    • de Vignemont, F., & Singer, T. (2006). The empathic brain: How, when and why? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 435-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.08.008
    • (2006) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.10 , pp. 435-441
    • de Vignemont, F.1    Singer, T.2
  • 32
    • 0028419234 scopus 로고
    • The relations of emotionality and regulation to dispositional and situational empathy-related responding
    • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Murphy, B., Karbon, M., Maszk, P., Smith, M., . . . Suh, K. (1994). The relations of emotionality and regulation to dispositional and situational empathy-related responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 776-797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.776
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 776-797
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Fabes, R.A.2    Murphy, B.3    Karbon, M.4    Maszk, P.5    Smith, M.6    Suh, K.7
  • 33
    • 84989431574 scopus 로고
    • Sympathy and personal distress: Development, gender differences, and interrelations of indexes
    • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Schaller, M., & Miller, P. A. (1989). Sympathy and personal distress: Development, gender differences, and interrelations of indexes. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1989, 107-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219894408
    • (1989) New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development , vol.1989 , pp. 107-126
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Fabes, R.A.2    Schaller, M.3    Miller, P.A.4
  • 34
    • 0002400056 scopus 로고
    • Empathyrelated responding and cognition: A "chicken and the egg" dilemma
    • W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Eisenberg, N., Shea, C. L., Carlo, G., & Knight, G. P. (1991). Empathyrelated responding and cognition: A "chicken and the egg" dilemma. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (pp. 63-88). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1991) Handbook of moral behavior and development , pp. 63-88
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Shea, C.L.2    Carlo, G.3    Knight, G.P.4
  • 35
    • 0141924546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion
    • Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302, 290-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 290-292
    • Eisenberger, N.I.1    Lieberman, M.D.2    Williams, K.D.3
  • 36
    • 84889960454 scopus 로고
    • An argument for basic emotions
    • Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6(3/4), 169-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068
    • (1992) Cognition and Emotion , vol.6 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 169-200
    • Ekman, P.1
  • 37
    • 85127786672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many faces of emotional contagion: An affective process theory of affective linkage
    • Elfenbein, H. A. (2014). The many faces of emotional contagion: An affective process theory of affective linkage. Organizational Psychology Review, 4, 326-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041386614542889
    • (2014) Organizational Psychology Review , vol.4 , pp. 326-362
    • Elfenbein, H.A.1
  • 38
    • 0038742793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisal processes in emotion
    • R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), New York: Oxford University Press
    • Ellsworth, P. C., & Scherer, K. R. (2003). Appraisal processes in emotion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 572-595). New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2003) Handbook of affective sciences , pp. 572-595
    • Ellsworth, P.C.1    Scherer, K.R.2
  • 40
    • 33750289090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When perspective taking increases taking: Reactive egoism in social interaction
    • Epley, N., Caruso, E., & Bazerman, M. H. (2006). When perspective taking increases taking: Reactive egoism in social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 872-889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.872
    • (2006) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 872-889
    • Epley, N.1    Caruso, E.2    Bazerman, M.H.3
  • 41
    • 84933675043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of group membership on the neural correlates involved in empathy
    • Eres, R., & Molenberghs, P. (2013). The influence of group membership on the neural correlates involved in empathy. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00176
    • (2013) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 176
    • Eres, R.1    Molenberghs, P.2
  • 42
    • 38149080540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal dynamic of neural mechanisms involved in empathy for pain: An event-related brain potential study
    • Fan, Y., & Han, S. (2008). Temporal dynamic of neural mechanisms involved in empathy for pain: An event-related brain potential study. Neuropsychologia, 46, 160-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.023
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , pp. 160-173
    • Fan, Y.1    Han, S.2
  • 43
    • 0024003903 scopus 로고
    • The laws of emotion
    • Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.43.5.349
    • (1988) American Psychologist , vol.43 , pp. 349-358
    • Frijda, N.H.1
  • 44
    • 0012641568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roots of empathy: The shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity
    • Gallese, V. (2003). The roots of empathy: The shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity. Psychopathology, 36, 171-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000072786
    • (2003) Psychopathology , vol.36 , pp. 171-180
    • Gallese, V.1
  • 46
    • 4444374692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unifying view of the basis of social cognition
    • Gallese, V., Keysers, C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2004). A unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 396-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.07.002
    • (2004) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.8 , pp. 396-403
    • Gallese, V.1    Keysers, C.2    Rizzolatti, G.3
  • 47
    • 0017157077 scopus 로고
    • Turning observers into actors: Differential causal attributions as a function of "empathy."
    • Galper, R. E. (1976). Turning observers into actors: Differential causal attributions as a function of "empathy." Journal of Research in Personality, 10, 328-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(76)90022-2
    • (1976) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.10 , pp. 328-335
    • Galper, R.E.1
  • 48
    • 77953156856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review
    • Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 351-374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018807
    • (2010) Psychological Bulletin , vol.136 , pp. 351-374
    • Goetz, J.L.1    Keltner, D.2    Simon-Thomas, E.3
  • 49
    • 0001455948 scopus 로고
    • The effects of empathy and outcome on attribution: An examination of the divergent-perspectives hypothesis
    • Gould, R., & Sigall, H. (1977). The effects of empathy and outcome on attribution: An examination of the divergent-perspectives hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 480-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(77)90032-4
    • (1977) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 480-491
    • Gould, R.1    Sigall, H.2
  • 50
    • 71649089613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What emotional reactions can tell us about the nature of others: An appraisal perspective on person perception
    • Hareli, S., & Hess, U. (2010). What emotional reactions can tell us about the nature of others: An appraisal perspective on person perception. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 128-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930802613828
    • (2010) Cognition and Emotion , vol.24 , pp. 128-140
    • Hareli, S.1    Hess, U.2
  • 53
    • 62849113298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eight problems for the mirror neuron theory of action understanding in monkeys and humans
    • Hickok, G. (2009). Eight problems for the mirror neuron theory of action understanding in monkeys and humans. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1229-1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21189
    • (2009) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.21 , pp. 1229-1243
    • Hickok, G.1
  • 54
    • 77649262326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giving birth to empathy: The effects of similar experience on empathic accuracy, empathic concern, and perceived empathy
    • Hodges, S. D., Kiel, K. J., Kramer, A. D. I., Veach, D., & Villanueva, B. R. (2010). Giving birth to empathy: The effects of similar experience on empathic accuracy, empathic concern, and perceived empathy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 398-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167209350326
    • (2010) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.36 , pp. 398-409
    • Hodges, S.D.1    Kiel, K.J.2    Kramer, A.D.I.3    Veach, D.4    Villanueva, B.R.5
  • 55
    • 77951230376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy
    • R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Hodges, S. D., & Myers, M. W. (2007). Empathy. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of social psychology (pp. 296-298). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412956253.n179
    • (2007) Encyclopedia of social psychology , pp. 296-298
    • Hodges, S.D.1    Myers, M.W.2
  • 57
    • 0346066514 scopus 로고
    • The conditioned reflex and the elementary social reaction
    • Humphrey, G. (1922). The conditioned reflex and the elementary social reaction. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 17, 113-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0065331
    • (1922) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 113-119
    • Humphrey, G.1
  • 58
    • 60549102296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons
    • Iacoboni, M. (2009). Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 653-670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163604
    • (2009) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 653-670
    • Iacoboni, M.1
  • 59
    • 84993804682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic emotions, natural kinds, emotion schemas, and a new paradigm
    • Izard, C. E. (2007). Basic emotions, natural kinds, emotion schemas, and a new paradigm. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 260-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00044.x
    • (2007) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.2 , pp. 260-280
    • Izard, C.E.1
  • 60
    • 11844251196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do we perceive the pain of others? A window into the neural processes involved in empathy
    • Jackson, P. L., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2005). How do we perceive the pain of others? A window into the neural processes involved in empathy. NeuroImage, 24, 771-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.006
    • (2005) NeuroImage , vol.24 , pp. 771-779
    • Jackson, P.L.1    Meltzoff, A.N.2    Decety, J.3
  • 61
    • 40749140723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do mirror neurons contribute to human social cognition?
    • Jacob, P. (2008). What do mirror neurons contribute to human social cognition? Mind & Language, 23, 190-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2007.00337.x
    • (2008) Mind & Language , vol.23 , pp. 190-223
    • Jacob, P.1
  • 62
    • 72549118011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding the mirror: Vicarious activity for actions, emotions, and sensations
    • Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2009). Expanding the mirror: Vicarious activity for actions, emotions, and sensations. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19, 666-671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2009.10.006
    • (2009) Current Opinion in Neurobiology , vol.19 , pp. 666-671
    • Keysers, C.1    Gazzola, V.2
  • 63
    • 84874400958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why the mirror neurons cannot support action understanding
    • Kosonogov, V. (2012). Why the mirror neurons cannot support action understanding. Neurophysiology, 44, 499-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11062-012-9327-4
    • (2012) Neurophysiology , vol.44 , pp. 499-502
    • Kosonogov, V.1
  • 65
    • 79953294038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy
    • Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., & Keltner, D. (2010). Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy. Psychological Science, 21, 1716-1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610387613
    • (2010) Psychological Science , vol.21 , pp. 1716-1723
    • Kraus, M.W.1    Côté, S.2    Keltner, D.3
  • 66
    • 0016054293 scopus 로고
    • Self-attribution of emotion: The effects of expressive behavior on the quality of emotional experience
    • Laird, J. D. (1974). Self-attribution of emotion: The effects of expressive behavior on the quality of emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 475-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0036125
    • (1974) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 475-486
    • Laird, J.D.1
  • 67
    • 84898413661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bodily influences on emotional feelings: Accumulating evidence and extensions of William James's theory of emotion
    • Laird, J. D., & Lacasse, K. (2014). Bodily influences on emotional feelings: Accumulating evidence and extensions of William James's theory of emotion. Emotion Review, 6, 27-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073913494899
    • (2014) Emotion Review , vol.6 , pp. 27-34
    • Laird, J.D.1    Lacasse, K.2
  • 68
    • 33846231707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural substrate of human empathy: Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal
    • Lamm, C., Batson, C. D., & Decety, J. (2007a). The neural substrate of human empathy: Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 42-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.42
    • (2007) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.19 , pp. 42-58
    • Lamm, C.1    Batson, C.D.2    Decety, J.3
  • 69
    • 75749147029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do we empathize with someone who is not like us? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Lamm, C., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2010). How do we empathize with someone who is not like us? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 362-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21186
    • (2010) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.22 , pp. 362-376
    • Lamm, C.1    Meltzoff, A.N.2    Decety, J.3
  • 70
    • 44949138435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are you feeling? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the modulation of sensory and affective responses during empathy for pain
    • Lamm, C., Nusbaum, H. C., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2007b). What are you feeling? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the modulation of sensory and affective responses during empathy for pain. PLoS ONE, 2(12), e1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001292
    • (2007) PLoS ONE , vol.2 , Issue.12 , pp. e1292
    • Lamm, C.1    Nusbaum, H.C.2    Meltzoff, A.N.3    Decety, J.4
  • 72
    • 0000552347 scopus 로고
    • Short-circuiting of threat by experimentally altering cognitive appraisal
    • Lazarus, R. S., & Alfert, E. (1964). Short-circuiting of threat by experimentally altering cognitive appraisal. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69, 195-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0044635
    • (1964) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 195-205
    • Lazarus, R.S.1    Alfert, E.2
  • 73
    • 66249129144 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge and appraisal in the cognition-emotion relationship
    • Lazarus, R. S., & Smith, C. A. (1988). Knowledge and appraisal in the cognition-emotion relationship. Cognition and Emotion, 2, 281-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699938808412701
    • (1988) Cognition and Emotion , vol.2 , pp. 281-300
    • Lazarus, R.S.1    Smith, C.A.2
  • 75
  • 76
    • 0037928289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social appraisal: The social world as object of and influence on appraisal processes
    • K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), New York: Oxford University Press
    • Manstead, A. S. R., & Fischer, A. H. (2001). Social appraisal: The social world as object of and influence on appraisal processes. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion (pp. 221-232). New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2001) Appraisal processes in emotion , pp. 221-232
    • Manstead, A.S.R.1    Fischer, A.H.2
  • 77
    • 78951481483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An fMRI investigation of empathy for 'social pain' and subsequent prosocial behavior
    • Masten, C. L., Morelli, S. A., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2011). An fMRI investigation of empathy for 'social pain' and subsequent prosocial behavior. NeuroImage, 55, 381-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.060
    • (2011) NeuroImage , vol.55 , pp. 381-388
    • Masten, C.L.1    Morelli, S.A.2    Eisenberger, N.I.3
  • 78
    • 84876841904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy for the social suffering of friends and strangers recruits distinct patterns of brain activation
    • Meyer, M. L., Masten, C. L., Ma, Y., Wang, C., Shi, Z., Eisenberger, N. I., & Han, S. (2013). Empathy for the social suffering of friends and strangers recruits distinct patterns of brain activation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8, 446-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss019
    • (2013) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience , vol.8 , pp. 446-454
    • Meyer, M.L.1    Masten, C.L.2    Ma, Y.3    Wang, C.4    Shi, Z.5    Eisenberger, N.I.6    Han, S.7
  • 79
    • 77950928915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic constructive appraisal as a candidate cause of emotion
    • Moors, A. (2010). Automatic constructive appraisal as a candidate cause of emotion. Emotion Review, 2, 139-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073909351755
    • (2010) Emotion Review , vol.2 , pp. 139-156
    • Moors, A.1
  • 80
    • 84933672702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of automaticity and attention in neural processes underlying empathy for happiness, sadness, and anxiety
    • Morelli, S. A., & Lieberman, M. D. (2013). The role of automaticity and attention in neural processes underlying empathy for happiness, sadness, and anxiety. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00160
    • (2013) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 160
    • Morelli, S.A.1    Lieberman, M.D.2
  • 81
    • 54149117429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is emotional contagion special? An fMRI study on neural systems for affective and cognitive empathy
    • Nummenmaa, L., Hirvonen, J., Parkkola, R., & Hietanen, J. K. (2008). Is emotional contagion special? An fMRI study on neural systems for affective and cognitive empathy. NeuroImage, 43, 571-580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.08.014
    • (2008) NeuroImage , vol.43 , pp. 571-580
    • Nummenmaa, L.1    Hirvonen, J.2    Parkkola, R.3    Hietanen, J.K.4
  • 82
    • 84859867618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More than skin deep: Visceral states are not projected onto dissimilar others
    • O'Brien, E., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2012). More than skin deep: Visceral states are not projected onto dissimilar others. Psychological Science, 23, 391-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611432179
    • (2012) Psychological Science , vol.23 , pp. 391-396
    • O'Brien, E.1    Ellsworth, P.C.2
  • 84
    • 80054836144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal emotion transfer: Contagion and social appraisal
    • Parkinson, B. (2011). Interpersonal emotion transfer: Contagion and social appraisal. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5, 428-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00365.x
    • (2011) Social and Personality Psychology Compass , vol.5 , pp. 428-439
    • Parkinson, B.1
  • 85
    • 84868371756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bursting with anxiety: Adult social referencing in an interpersonal balloon analogue risk task (BART)
    • Parkinson, B., Phiri, N., & Simons, G. (2012). Bursting with anxiety: Adult social referencing in an interpersonal balloon analogue risk task (BART). Emotion, 12, 817-826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026434
    • (2012) Emotion , vol.12 , pp. 817-826
    • Parkinson, B.1    Phiri, N.2    Simons, G.3
  • 86
    • 69149090080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affecting others: Social appraisal and emotion contagion in everyday decision making
    • Parkinson, B., & Simons, G. (2009). Affecting others: Social appraisal and emotion contagion in everyday decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1071-1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167209336611
    • (2009) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.35 , pp. 1071-1084
    • Parkinson, B.1    Simons, G.2
  • 87
    • 84859633518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worry spreads: Interpersonal transfer of problem-related anxiety
    • Parkinson, B., & Simons, G. (2012). Worry spreads: Interpersonal transfer of problem-related anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 462-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.651101
    • (2012) Cognition and Emotion , vol.26 , pp. 462-479
    • Parkinson, B.1    Simons, G.2
  • 88
    • 79751469758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Feeling" the pain of those who are different from us: Modulation of EEG in the mu/alpha range
    • Perry, A., Bentin, S., Bartal, I. B-A., Lamm, C., & Decety, J. (2010). "Feeling" the pain of those who are different from us: Modulation of EEG in the mu/alpha range. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, 493-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/CABN.10.4.493
    • (2010) Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 493-504
    • Perry, A.1    Bentin, S.2    Bartal, I.B.-A.3    Lamm, C.4    Decety, J.5
  • 89
    • 0030768331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust
    • Phillips, M. L., Young, A. W., Senior, C., Brammer, M., Andrew, C., Calder, A. J., . . . David, A. S. (1997). A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust. Nature, 389, 495-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/39051
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 495-498
    • Phillips, M.L.1    Young, A.W.2    Senior, C.3    Brammer, M.4    Andrew, C.5    Calder, A.J.6    David, A.S.7
  • 91
    • 73649085889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A perception-action model for empathy
    • T. Farrow & P. Woodruff (Eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Preston, S. D. (2007). A perception-action model for empathy. In T. Farrow & P. Woodruff (Eds.), Empathy in mental illness (pp. 428-447). New York: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543753.024
    • (2007) Empathy in mental illness , pp. 428-447
    • Preston, S.D.1
  • 94
    • 84856480828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many faces of empathy: Parsing empathic phenomena through a proximate, dynamic-systems view of representing the other in the self
    • Preston, S. D., & Hofelich, A. J. (2012). The many faces of empathy: Parsing empathic phenomena through a proximate, dynamic-systems view of representing the other in the self. Emotion Review, 4, 24-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073911421378
    • (2012) Emotion Review , vol.4 , pp. 24-33
    • Preston, S.D.1    Hofelich, A.J.2
  • 95
  • 96
    • 0029863586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions
    • Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3, 131-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-6410(95)00038-0
    • (1996) Cognitive Brain Research , vol.3 , pp. 131-141
    • Rizzolatti, G.1    Fadiga, L.2    Gallese, V.3    Fogassi, L.4
  • 97
    • 0035461397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action
    • Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2001). Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 661-670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35090060
    • (2001) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 661-670
    • Rizzolatti, G.1    Fogassi, L.2    Gallese, V.3
  • 98
    • 0001395278 scopus 로고
    • Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions
    • Roseman, I. J., Spindel, M. S., & Jose, P. E. (1990). Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 899-915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.899
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 899-915
    • Roseman, I.J.1    Spindel, M.S.2    Jose, P.E.3
  • 99
    • 33645771479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniquely human social cognition
    • Saxe, R. (2006). Uniquely human social cognition. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16, 235-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.001
    • (2006) Current Opinion in Neurobiology , vol.16 , pp. 235-239
    • Saxe, R.1
  • 101
    • 0001034398 scopus 로고
    • On the nature and function of emotion: A component process approach
    • K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, Inc
    • Scherer, K. R. (1984). On the nature and function of emotion: A component process approach. In K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 293-317). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, Inc.
    • (1984) Approaches to emotion , pp. 293-317
    • Scherer, K.R.1
  • 102
    • 0003010542 scopus 로고
    • Toward a concept of "modal emotions."
    • P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), New York: Oxford University Press
    • Scherer, K. R. (1994). Toward a concept of "modal emotions." In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 25-31). New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1994) The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions , pp. 25-31
    • Scherer, K.R.1
  • 103
    • 0031535330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of culture in emotion-antecedent appraisal
    • Scherer, K. R. (1997). The role of culture in emotion-antecedent appraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 902-922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.5.902
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 902-922
    • Scherer, K.R.1
  • 104
    • 84875885692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature and dynamics of relevance and valence appraisals: Theoretical advances and recent evidence
    • Scherer, K. R. (2013). The nature and dynamics of relevance and valence appraisals: Theoretical advances and recent evidence. Emotion Review, 5, 150-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912468166
    • (2013) Emotion Review , vol.5 , pp. 150-162
    • Scherer, K.R.1
  • 105
    • 47249118861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial expressions allow inference of both emotions and their components
    • Scherer, K. R., & Grandjean, D. (2008). Facial expressions allow inference of both emotions and their components. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 789-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930701516791
    • (2008) Cognition and Emotion , vol.22 , pp. 789-801
    • Scherer, K.R.1    Grandjean, D.2
  • 106
    • 78649656772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional relations of empathy and mentalizing: An fMRI study on the neural basis of cognitive empathy
    • Schnell, K., Bluschke, S., Konradt, B., & Walter, H. (2011). Functional relations of empathy and mentalizing: An fMRI study on the neural basis of cognitive empathy. NeuroImage, 54, 1743-1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.024
    • (2011) NeuroImage , vol.54 , pp. 1743-1754
    • Schnell, K.1    Bluschke, S.2    Konradt, B.3    Walter, H.4
  • 107
    • 84970143774 scopus 로고
    • Stigma controllability and coping as predictors of emotions and social support
    • Schwarzer, R., & Weiner, B. (1991). Stigma controllability and coping as predictors of emotions and social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 133-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407591081007
    • (1991) Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , vol.8 , pp. 133-140
    • Schwarzer, R.1    Weiner, B.2
  • 108
    • 64849097402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two systems for empathy: A double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions
    • Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Aharon-Peretz, J., & Perry, D. (2009). Two systems for empathy: A double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 132(Pt 3), 617-627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn279
    • (2009) Brain: A Journal of Neurology , vol.132 , pp. 617-627
    • Shamay-Tsoory, S.G.1    Aharon-Peretz, J.2    Perry, D.3
  • 109
    • 34548817035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Same situation-Different emotions: How appraisals shape our emotions
    • Siemer, M., Mauss, I., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Same situation-Different emotions: How appraisals shape our emotions. Emotion, 7, 592-600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.592
    • (2007) Emotion , vol.7 , pp. 592-600
    • Siemer, M.1    Mauss, I.2    Gross, J.J.3
  • 110
    • 63449101077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social neuroscience of empathy
    • Singer, T., & Lamm, C. (2009). The social neuroscience of empathy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156, 81-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04418.x
    • (2009) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.1156 , pp. 81-96
    • Singer, T.1    Lamm, C.2
  • 111
    • 31444439294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others
    • Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J. P., Stephan, K. E., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others. Nature, 439, 466-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04271
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 466-469
    • Singer, T.1    Seymour, B.2    O'Doherty, J.P.3    Stephan, K.E.4    Dolan, R.J.5    Frith, C.D.6
  • 112
    • 0004110659 scopus 로고
    • New York: Cambridge University Press, Original work published 1759
    • Smith, A. (1759/2002). The theory of moral sentiments. New York: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1759) http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511800153
    • (1759) The theory of moral sentiments
    • Smith, A.1
  • 114
    • 0027699989 scopus 로고
    • In search of the "hot" cognitions: Attributions, appraisals, and their relation to emotion
    • Smith, C. A., Haynes, K. N., Lazarus, R. S., & Pope, L. K. (1993). In search of the "hot" cognitions: Attributions, appraisals, and their relation to emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 916-929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.5.916
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 916-929
    • Smith, C.A.1    Haynes, K.N.2    Lazarus, R.S.3    Pope, L.K.4
  • 115
    • 0000102526 scopus 로고
    • Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice
    • D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), Academic Press
    • Smith, E. R. (1993). Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice. In D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception (pp. 297-315). Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-088579-7.50017-X
    • (1993) Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception , pp. 297-315
    • Smith, E.R.1
  • 116
    • 34548823474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria
    • Smith, E. R., Seger, C. R., & Mackie, D. M. (2007). Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 431-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.3.431
    • (2007) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.93 , pp. 431-446
    • Smith, E.R.1    Seger, C.R.2    Mackie, D.M.3
  • 117
    • 33746096133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relativistic origins of emotional reactions to events happening to others and to ourselves
    • Smith, R. H., Eyre, H. L., Powell, C. A. J., & Kim, S. H. (2006). Relativistic origins of emotional reactions to events happening to others and to ourselves. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 357-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466605X40987
    • (2006) The British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 357-371
    • Smith, R.H.1    Eyre, H.L.2    Powell, C.A.J.3    Kim, S.H.4
  • 119
    • 58149369013 scopus 로고
    • Maternal emotional signaling: Its effects on the visual cliff behavior of 1-yearolds
    • Sorce, J. F., Emde, R. N., Campos, J., & Klinnert, M. D. (1985). Maternal emotional signaling: Its effects on the visual cliff behavior of 1-yearolds. Developmental Psychology, 21, 195-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.1.195
    • (1985) Developmental Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 195-200
    • Sorce, J.F.1    Emde, R.N.2    Campos, J.3    Klinnert, M.D.4
  • 121
    • 0015653856 scopus 로고
    • Videotape and the attribution process: Reversing actors' and observers' points of view
    • Storms, M. D. (1973). Videotape and the attribution process: Reversing actors' and observers' points of view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 165-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0034782
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 165-175
    • Storms, M.D.1
  • 122
    • 0034348878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentimental stereotypes: Expectations for high-and low-status group members
    • Tiedens, L. Z., Ellsworth, P. C., & Mesquita, B. (2000). Sentimental stereotypes: Expectations for high-and low-status group members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 560-575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167200267004
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 560-575
    • Tiedens, L.Z.1    Ellsworth, P.C.2    Mesquita, B.3
  • 123
    • 85047683061 scopus 로고
    • More evidence that empathy is a source of altruistic motivation
    • Toi, M., & Batson, C. D. (1982). More evidence that empathy is a source of altruistic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 281-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.2.281
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 281-292
    • Toi, M.1    Batson, C.D.2
  • 124
    • 84956910720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ain't sure who to blame: Metacognitive influences on appraisal-emotion processes
    • Tong, E. M. W., Teo, A. Q. H., & Chia, D. Y. S. (2014). Ain't sure who to blame: Metacognitive influences on appraisal-emotion processes. Motivation and Emotion, 38, 673-686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9405-6
    • (2014) Motivation and Emotion , vol.38 , pp. 673-686
    • Tong, E.M.W.1    Teo, A.Q.H.2    Chia, D.Y.S.3
  • 126
    • 68049142279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How emotions regulate social life: The emotions as social information (EASI) model
    • van Kleef, G. (2009). How emotions regulate social life: The emotions as social information (EASI) model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 184-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01633.x
    • (2009) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.18 , pp. 184-188
    • van Kleef, G.1
  • 127
    • 57649181443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power, distress, and compassion: Turning a blind eye to the suffering of others
    • van Kleef, G. A., Oveis, C., van der Löwe, I., LuoKogan, A., Goetz, J., & Keltner, D. (2008). Power, distress, and compassion: Turning a blind eye to the suffering of others. Psychological Science, 19, 1315-1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02241.x
    • (2008) Psychological Science , vol.19 , pp. 1315-1322
    • van Kleef, G.A.1    Oveis, C.2    van der Löwe, I.3    LuoKogan, A.4    Goetz, J.5    Keltner, D.6
  • 129
    • 0041809074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective taking and prejudice reduction: The mediational role of empathy arousal and situational attributions
    • Vescio, T. K., Sechrist, G. B., & Paolucci, M. P. (2003). Perspective taking and prejudice reduction: The mediational role of empathy arousal and situational attributions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 455-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.163
    • (2003) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 455-472
    • Vescio, T.K.1    Sechrist, G.B.2    Paolucci, M.P.3
  • 130
    • 0345016925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing a new dimension of empathy: Empathic anger as a predictor of helping and punishing desires
    • Vitaglione, G. D., & Barnett, M. A. (2003). Assessing a new dimension of empathy: Empathic anger as a predictor of helping and punishing desires. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 301-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026231622102
    • (2003) Motivation and Emotion , vol.27 , pp. 301-325
    • Vitaglione, G.D.1    Barnett, M.A.2
  • 132
    • 0344688231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both of us disgusted in my insula: The common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust
    • Wicker, B., Keysers, C., Plailly, J., Royet, J.-P., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (2003). Both of us disgusted in my insula: The common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron, 40, 655-664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00679-2
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.40 , pp. 655-664
    • Wicker, B.1    Keysers, C.2    Plailly, J.3    Royet, J.-P.4    Gallese, V.5    Rizzolatti, G.6
  • 133
    • 0024694105 scopus 로고
    • Feeling and facial efference: Implications of the vascular theory of emotion
    • Zajonc, R. B., Murphy, S. T., & Inglehart, M. (1989). Feeling and facial efference: Implications of the vascular theory of emotion. Psychological Review, 96, 395-416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.395
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 395-416
    • Zajonc, R.B.1    Murphy, S.T.2    Inglehart, M.3
  • 134
    • 84926411292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy: A motivated account
    • Zaki, J. (2014). Empathy: A motivated account. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1608-1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037679
    • (2014) Psychological Bulletin , vol.140 , pp. 1608-1647
    • Zaki, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.