Perspective taking and prejudice reduction: The mediational role of empathy arousal and situational attributions

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 455-472

  Vescio, Theresa K ^b   Sechrist, Gretchen B ^a   Paolucci, Matthew P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041809074     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.163     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Aderman, D., Brehm, S. S., & Katz, L. (1974). Empathic observation of an innocent victim: The just world revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 342-247.
2. Amir, Y. (1969). Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations. Psychological Bulletin, 71, 319-342.
3. Amir, Y. (1976). The role of intergroup contact in change of prejudice and race relations. In P. Katz (Ed.), Towards the elimination of racism (pp. 245-380). New York: Pergamon.
4. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
5. Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question: Toward a social-psychological answer. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
6. Batson, C. D., Polycarpou, M. P., Harmon-Jones, E., Imhoff, H. J., Mitchener, E. C., Bednar, L. L., Klein, T. R., & Highberger, L. (1997). Empathy and Attitudes: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group improve feelings toward the group? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 105-118.
7. Brehm, S. S., & Aderman, D. (1977). On the relationship between empathy and the actor versus observer hypothesis. Journal of Research in Personality, 11, 340-346.
8. Cohen, L. L., & Swim, J. K. (1995). The differential impact of gender ratios on women and men: Tokenism, self-confidence, and expectations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 876-884.
9. Cook, S. W. (1985). Experimenting on social issues: The case of school desegregation. American Psychologist, 40, 452-460.
10. Finlay, K., & Stephan, W. (2000). Improving intergroup relations: The effects of empathy on racial attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 1720-1737.
11. Galinsky, A. D., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Perspective-taking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 708-724.
12. Galper, R. E. (1976). Turning observers into actors: Differential causal attributions as a function of 'empathy.' Journal of Research in Personality, 10, 328-335.
13. Gould, R., & Sigall, H. (1977). The effects of empathy and outcome on attribution: An examination of the divergent-perspectives hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 480-491.
14. Green, S. K., & Bobele, M. (1994). Family therapists' responses to AIDS: An examination of attitudes, knowledge, and contact. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 20, 349-367.
15. Hewstone, M. (1990). The 'ultimate attribution error'? A review of the literature on intergroup causal attribution. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 311-335.
16. Johnston, L., & Hewstone, M. (1992). Cognitive models of stereotype change: (3) Subtyping and the perceived typicality of disconfirming group members. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 360-386.
17. Jones, E. E., & Nisbett, R. E. (1972). The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, S. Valins, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior (pp. 79-94). Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
18. Katz, I., & Haas, R. G. (1988). Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 7893-905.
19. Larsen, K. S., Reed, M., & Hoffman, S. (1980). Attitudes of heterosexuals toward homosexuality: A Likert-type scale and construct validity. Journal of Sex Research, 16, 245-257.
20. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Milne, A. B. (1995). The dissection of selection in person perception: Inhibitory processes in social stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 397-407.
21. McConahay, J. B., Hardee, B. B., & Batts, V. (1981). Has racism declined in America? It depends on who is asking and what is asked. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25, 563-579.
22. O'Hea, E. L., Systsma, S. E., Copeland, A., & Brantley, P. J. (2001). The attitudes toward women with HIV/AIDS scale (ATWAS): Development and validation. AIDS Education and Prevention, 13, 120-130.
23. Pettigrew, T. F. (1979). The ultimate attribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 461-476.
24. Pettigrew, T. F. (1986). The contact hypothesis revisited. In M. Hewstone, & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters (pp. 169-195). Oxford, ULK: Basil Blackwell.
25. Pettigrew, T. F. (1997). Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 173-185.
26. Regan, D. T., & Totten, J. (1975). Empathy and attribution: Turning observers into actors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 850-856.
27. Rothbart, M., & John, O. P. (1985). Social categorization and behavioral episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 81-104.
28. Stephan, W. G., & Finlay, K. (1999). The role of empathy in improving intergroup relations. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 729-743.
29. Swim, J. K., Aikin, K. J., Hall, W. S., & Hunter, B. A. (1995). Sexism and racism: Old fashioned and modern prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 199-214.
30. Vescio, T. K., & Biernat, M. (1999). When stereotype-based expectancies impair performance: The effect of prejudice, race, and target quality on judgments and perceiver performance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 961-969.
31. Vescio, T. K., Snyder, M., & Butz, D. A. (in press). Power in stereotypically masculine domains: A social influence strategy × stereotype match model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
32. Watson, D. (1982). The actor and the observer: How are their perceptions of causality different? Psychological Bulletin, 92, 682-700.
33. Weber, R., & Crocker, J. (1983). Cognitive processes in the revision of Stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 961-977.
34. Wittenbrink, B., Gist, P. L., & Hilton, J. L. (1997). Structural properties of Stereotypic knowledge and their influences on the construal of social situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 526-543.
35. Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997). The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 73-90.