The spot technique the spot technique: Synthesis and screening of peptide macroarrays on cellulose membranes

Methods in Molecular Biology

Volumn 494, Issue , 2008, Pages 47-70

  Winkler, Dirk F H ^a   Campbell, William D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b Biomime Solutions Inc   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biotin labeling; Detection; HRP; Peptide array; Peptide protein interaction; POD; Probing; Screening; Spot synthesis

Indexed keywords

EID: 84934442702     PISSN: 10643745     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-419-3_4     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Frank, R. (1992) Spot-synthesis: An easy technique for the positionally addressable, parallel chemical synthesis on a membrane support. Tetrahedron 48, 9217-9232.
2. Kramer, A. and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1998) Synthesis and application of peptide libraries bound to continuous cellulose membranes. Methods Mol. Biol. 87, 25-39.
3. Gausepohl, H. and Behn, C. (2002) Automated synthesis of solid-phase bound peptides. In: Peptide Arrays on Membrane Support, eds. J. Koch and M. Mahler, pp. 55-68. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
4. Molina, F., Laune, D., Gougat, C., Pau, B., and Granier, C. (1996) Improved performances of spot multiple peptide synthesis. Peptide Res. 9, 151-155.
5. Kramer, A., Reineke, U., Dong, L., et al. (1999) Spot-synthesis: observations and optimizations. J. Peptide Res. 54, 319-327.
6. Frank, R. (2002) The SPOT-synthesis technique. Synthetic peptide arrays on membrane supports-principles and applications. J. Immunol. Methods 267, 13-26.
7. Blackwell, H.E. (2006) Hitting the SPOT: small-molecule macroarrays advance combinatorial synthesis. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 10, 203-212.
8. Frank, R., Hoffmann, S., Overwin, H., Behn, C., and Gausepohl, H. (1996) Easy preparation of synthetic peptide repertoires for immunological studies utilizing SPOT synthesis. In: Peptides in Immunology, ed. C.H. Schneider, pp. 197-204.New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
9. Wenschuh, H., Volkmer-Engert, R., Schmidt, M., Schulz, M., Schneider-Mergener, J., and Reineke, U. (2000) Coherent membrane supports for parallel microsynthesis and screening of bioactive peptides. Biopolymers (Peptide Science) 55, 188-206.
10. Reineke, U., Volkmer-Engert, R., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (2001) Applications of peptide arrays prepared by the SPOT-technology. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 12, 59-64.
11. Frank, R. and Schneider-Mergener, J. (2002) SPOT synthesis - scope of applications. In: Peptide Arrays on Membrane Support, eds. J. Koch and M. Mahler, pp 1-22. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
12. Hilpert, K., Winkler, D.F.H., and Hancock, R.E.W. (2007) Cellulose-bound peptide arrays: Preparation and applications. Biotechnol. Genetic Eng. Rev. 24, 31-106.
13. Reineke, U., Sabat, R., Volk, H.-D., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1998) Mapping of the interleukin-10/interleukin-10 receptor combining site. Protein Sci. 7, 951-960.
14. Otvos Jr., L., Pease, A.M., Bokonyi, K., et al. (2000) In situ stimulation of a T helper cell hybrodoma with a cellulose-bound peptide antigen. J. Immunol. Methods 233, 95-1051.
15. Bräuning, R., Mahler, M., Hügle-Dörr, B., Blüthner, M., Koch, J., and Petersen, G. (2002) Immobilized peptides to study protein-protein interactions - potential and pitfalls. In: Peptide Arrays on Membrane Support, eds. J. Koch and M. Mahler, pp.153-163. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
16. Martens, W., Greiser-Wilke, I., Harder, T.C., et al. (1995) Spot synthesis of overlapping peptides on paper membrane supports enables the identification of linear monoclonal antibody binding determinants on morbillivirus phosphoproteins. Vet. Microbiol. 44, 289-298.
17. Santona, A., Carta, F., Fraghi, P., and Turrini, F. (2002) Mapping antigenic sites of an immunodominant surface lipoprotein of Mycoplasma agalactiae, AvgC, with the use of synthetic peptides. Infect. Immun. 70, 171-176.
18. Fields, G.B. and Noble, R.L. (1990) Solid phase synthesis utilizing 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acids. Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 35, 161-214.
19. Zander, N. and Gausepohl, H. (2002) Chemistry of Fmoc peptide synthesis on membranes. In: Peptide Arrays on Membrane Support, eds. J. Koch and M. Mahler, pp. 23-39.Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
20. Atherton, E. and Sheppard, R.C. (1989) 7.2. Activated esters of Fmoc-amino acids. In: Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis - A Practical Approach, pp.76-78. Oxford: IRL press at Oxford University Press.
21. Zander, N. (2004) New planar substrates for the in situ synthesis of peptide arrays. Mol. Divers. 8, 189-195.
22. Ast, T., Heine, N., Germeroth, L., Schneider-Mergener, J., and Wenschuh, H. (1999) Efficient assembly of peptomers on continuous surfaces. Tetrahedron Lett. 40, 4317-4318.
23. Weiler, J., Gausepohl, H., Hauser, N., Jensen, O.N., and Hoheisel, J.D. (1997) Hybridisation based DNA screening on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomer arrays. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 2792-2799.
24. Hilpert, K., Winkler, D.F.H., and Hancock, R.E.W. (2007) Peptide arrays on cellulose support: SPOT synthesis - a time and cost efficient method for synthesis of large numbers of peptides in a parallel and addressable fashion. Nature Protocols 2, 1333-1349.
25. Krchnak, V., Wehland, J., Plessmann, U., Dodemont, H., Gerke, V., and Weber, W. (1988) Noninvasive continuous monitoring of solid phase peptide synthesis by acid-base indicator. Collect. Czechoslovak Chem. Commun. 53, 2542-2548.
26. Bhargava, S., Licha, K., Knaute, T., et al. (2002) A complete substitutional analysis of VIP for better tumor imaging properties. J. Mol. Recognition 15, 145-153.
27. Jung, G. and Beck-Sickinger, A.G. (1992) Multiple peptide synthesis methods and their applications. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (English) 31, 367-383.
28. Geysen, H.M., Meloen, R.H., and Barteling, S.J. (1984) Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 3998-4002.
29. Lebl, M. (1999) Parallel personal comments on "classical" papers in combinatorial chemistry. J. Combin. Chem. 1, 3-24.
30. Maier, T., Yu, C., Külleritz, G., and Clemens, S. (2003) Localization and functional characterization of metal-binding sites in phytochelatin synthases. Planta 218, 300-308.
31. Malin, R., Steinbrecher, R., Jannsen, J., et al. (1995) Identification of Technetium-99m binding peptides using combinatorial cellulose-bound peptide libraries. J. Am Chem. Soc. 117, 11821-11822.
32. Bialek, K., Swistowski, A., and Frank, R. (2003) Epitope-targeted proteome analysis: towards a large-scale automated protein-protein-interaction mapping utilizing synthetic peptide arrays. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 376, 1006-1013.
33. Buss, H., Dörrie, A., Schmitz, M.L., et al. (2004) Phosphorylation of serine 468 by GSK-3β negatively regulates basal p65 NF-κB activity. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 49571-49574.
34. Schutkowski, M., Reineke, U., and Reimer, U. (2005) Peptide arrays for kinase profiling. ChemBioChem 6, 513-521.
35. Hilpert, K., Elliott, M.R., Volkmer-Engert, R., et al. (2006) Sequence requirements and an optimization strategy for short antimicrobial peptides. Chem. Biol. 13, 1101-1107.
36. Piossek, C., Thierauch, K.-H., Schneider-Mergener, J., et al. (2003) Potent inhibition of angiogenesis by D, L-peptides derived from vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Thromb Haemost. 90, 501-510.
37. Grogan, J.L., Kramer, A., Nogai, A., et al. (1999) Cross-reactivity of myelin basic protein-specific T cells with multiple microbial peptides: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction in TCR transgenic mice. J. Immunol. 163, 3764-3770.
38. Frese, S., Schubert, W.-D., Findeis, A.C., et al. (2006) The phosphotyrosine peptide binding specificity of Nck1 and Nck2 SH2 domains. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 18236-18245.
39. Jobron, L. and Hummel, G. (2000) Solid-phase synthesis of unprotected N-glycopeptide building blocks for SPOT synthesis of glycopeptides. Angew. Chem. Intl Ed. 39, 1621-1624.
40. Zimmermann, J., Kühne, R., Volkmer-Engert, R., et al. (2003) Design of N-substituted peptomer ligands for EVH1 domains. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 36810-36818.
41. Hahn, M., Winkler, D., Welfle, K., et al. (2001) Cross-reactive binding of cyclic peptides to an anti-TGFα antibody Fab fragment. An X-ray structural and thermodynamic analysis. J. Mol. Biol. 314, 293-309.
42. Welschof, M., Reineke, U., Kleist, C., et al. (1999) The antigen binding domain of non-idiotypic human anti-F(ab′)2 autoantibodies: Study of their interaction with IgG hinge region epitopes. Human Immunol. 60, 282-290.
43. Reineke, U., Kramer, A., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1999) Antigen sequence- and library-based mapping of linear and discontinuous protein-protein interaction sites. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. 243, 23-36.
44. Reineke, U., Ehrhard, B., Sabat, R., Volk, H.-D., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1998) Novel strategies for the mapping of discontinuous epitopes using cellulose-bound peptide and hybritope scans. In: Peptides 1996: Proceedings of the 24th European Peptide Symposium, eds. R. Ramage and R. Epton, pp.751-752. Kingswinford: Mayflower Scientific Ltd.
45. Reineke, U., Sabat, R., Kramer, A., et al. (1996) Mapping protein-protein contact sites using cellulose-bound peptide scans. Mol. Divers. 1, 141-148.
46. Reineke, U., Sabat, R., Hoffmüller, U., et al. (2002) Identification of miniproteins using cellulose-bound duotope scans. In: Peptides for the New Millenium. Proceedings of the 16th American Peptide Symposium, eds. G.B. Fields, J.P. Tam, and G. Barany, pp. 167-169. Springer Netherlands.
47. Kramer, A., Stigler, R.-D., Knaute, T., Hoffmann, B., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1998) Stepwise transformation of a cholera toxin an a p24 (HIV-1) epitope into D-peptide analogs. Protein Eng. 11, 941-948.
48. Oggero, M., Frank, R., Etcheverrigaray, M., and Kratje, R. (2004) Defining the antigenic structure of human GM-CSF and its implications for the receptor interaction and therapeutic treatments. Mol. Divers. 8, 257-269.
49. Kramer, A., Keitel, T., Winkler, K., Stócklein, W., Höhne, W., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1997) Molecular basis for the binding promiscuity of an anti-p24 (HIV-1) monoclonal antibody. Cell 91, 799-809.
50. Bolger, G.B., Baillie, G.S., Li, X., et al. (2006) Scanning peptide array analyses identify overlapping binding sites for the signaling scaffold proteins, β-arrestin and RACK1 in the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE4D5. Biochem. J. 398, 23-36.
51. Liang, M., Mahler, M., Koch, J., et al. (2003) Generation of an HFRS patient-derived neutralizing recombinant antibody to Hantaan virus G1 protein and definition of the neutralizing domain. J. Med. Virol. 69, 99-107.
52. Espaniel, X. and Sudol, M. (2001) Yes-associated protein and p53-binding protein-2 interact through their WW and SH3 domains. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 14514-14523.
53. Houghten, R.A., Pinilla, C., Blondelle, S.E., Appel, J.R., Dooley, C.T., and Cuervo, J.H. (1991) Generation and use of synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries for basic research and drug discovery. Nature 354, 84-86.
54. Tegge, W., Frank, R., Hofmann, F., and Dostmann, R.G. (1995) Determination of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase substrate specificity by the use of peptide libraries on cellulose paper. Biochemistry 34, 10569-10577.
55. Heine, N., Ast, T., Schneider-Mergener, J., Reineke, U., Germeroth, L., and Wenschuh, H. (2003) Synthesis and screening of peptoid arrays on cellulose membranes. Tetrahedron 59, 9919-9930.
56. Frank, R., Kiess, M., Lahmann, H., Behn, C., and Gausepohl, H. (1995) Combinatorial synthesis on membrane supports by the SPOT technique. In: Peptides 1994: Proceedings of the 23rd European Peptide Symposium, ed. H.L.S. Maia, pp. 479-480. Leiden: ESCOM.
57. Frank, R. (1995) Simultaneous and combinatorial chemical synthesis techniques for the generation and screening of molecular diversity. J. Biotechnol. 41, 259-272.
58. Schneider-Mergener, J., Kramer, A., and Reineke, U. (1996) Peptide libraries bound to continuous cellulose membranes: tools to study molecular recognition. In: Combinatorial Libraries: Synthesis, Screening and Application Potential, ed. R. Cortese. New York: Walter de Gruyter.
59. Frank, R. and Overwin, H. (1996) SPOT synthesis. Epitope analysis with arrays of synthetic peptides prepared on cellulose membranes. In: Epitope Mapping Protocols, ed. G.E. Morris, pp. 149-169. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
60. Kramer, A., Vakalopoulou, E., Schleuning, W.-D., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1995) A general route to fingerprint analyses of peptide-antibody interactions using a clustered amino acid peptide library: comparison with a phage display library. Mol. Immunol. 32, 459-465.
61. Reineke, U., Ivascu, C., Schlief, M., et al. (2002) Identification of distinct antibody epitopes and mimotopes from a peptide array of 5520 randomly generated sequences. J. Immunol. Methods 267, 37-51.
62. Pulli, T., Lankinen, H., Roivainen, M., and Hyypiä, T. (1998) Antigenic sites of coxsackievirus A9. Virology 240, 202-212.
63. Mahler, M., Kessenbrock, K., Raats, J., Williams, R., Fritzler, M.J., and Blüthner, M. (2003) Characterization of the human autoimmune response to the major C-terminal epitope of the ribosomal P proteins. J. Mol. Med. 81, 194-204.
64. Winkler, D., Stigler, R.-D., Hellwig, J., Hoffmann, B., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1996) Determination of the binding conformation of peptide epitopes using cyclic peptide libraries. In: Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology: Proceedings of the 14th American Peptide Symposium, eds. P.T.P. Kaumaya and R.S. Hodges, pp. 315-316. Kingswinford: Mayflower Scientific Ltd.
65. Kamradt, T. and Volkmer-Engert, R. (2004) Cross-reactivity of T lymphocytes in infection and autoimmunity. Mol. Divers. 8, 271-280.
66. Boisguerin, P., Leben, R., Ay, B., et al. (2004) An improved method for the synthesis of cellulose membrane-bound peptides with free C termini is useful for the PDZ domain binding studies. Chem. Biol. 11, 449-459.
67. Volkmer-Engert, R., Hoffmann, B., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1997) Stable attachment of the HMB-linker to continuous cellulose membranes for parallel solid phase spot synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett. 38, 1029-1032.
68. Scharn, D., Wenschuh, H., Reineke, U., Schneider-Mergener, J., and Germeroth, L. (2000) Spatially addressed synthesis of amino- and amino-oxy-substituted 1,3,5-triazine arrays on polymeric membranes. J. Combin. Chem. 2, 361-369.
69. Przezdziak, J., Tremmel, S., Kretzschmar, I., Beyermann, M., Bienert, M., and Volkmer-Engert, R. (2006) Probing the ligand-binding specificity and analyzing the folding state of SPOT-synthesized FBP28 WW domain variants. ChemBioChem 7, 780-788.
70. Toepert, F., Pires, J.R., Landgraf, C., Oschkinat, H., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (2001) Synthesis of an array comprising 837 variants of the hYAP WW protein domain. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40, 897-900.
71. Münch, G., Schicktanz, D., Behme, A., et al. (1999) Amino acid specificity of glycation and protein-AGE crosslinking reactivities determined with a dipeptide SPOT library. Nature Biotechnol. 17, 1006-1010.