메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 427, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 1848-1860

On the pH dependence of class-1 RF-dependent termination of mRNA translation

Author keywords

conformational change; fast kinetics; nucleophile; release factor; ribosome

Indexed keywords

AMINOACYL TRANSFER RNA; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA; PEPTIDE FRAGMENT; STOP CODON; TRANSFER RNA; TRANSLATION TERMINATION FACTOR;

EID: 84932126313     PISSN: 00222836     EISSN: 10898638     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.01.007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (53)
  • 2
    • 0030949960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release factor RF3 in E. Coli accelerates the dissociation of release factors RF1 and RF2 from the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner
    • D.V. Freistroffer, M.Y. Pavlov, J. MacDougall, R.H. Buckingham, and M. Ehrenberg Release factor RF3 in E. coli accelerates the dissociation of release factors RF1 and RF2 from the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner EMBO J 16 1997 4126 4133
    • (1997) EMBO J , vol.16 , pp. 4126-4133
    • Freistroffer, D.V.1    Pavlov, M.Y.2    Macdougall, J.3    Buckingham, R.H.4    Ehrenberg, M.5
  • 3
    • 0035812714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A posttermination ribosomal complex is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for peptide release factor RF3
    • A.V. Zavialov, R.H. Buckingham, and M. Ehrenberg A posttermination ribosomal complex is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for peptide release factor RF3 Cell 107 2001 115 124
    • (2001) Cell , vol.107 , pp. 115-124
    • Zavialov, A.V.1    Buckingham, R.H.2    Ehrenberg, M.3
  • 4
    • 0036810254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of peptide promoted by the GGQ motif of class 1 release factors regulates the GTPase activity of RF3
    • A.V. Zavialov, L. Mora, R.H. Buckingham, and M. Ehrenberg Release of peptide promoted by the GGQ motif of class 1 release factors regulates the GTPase activity of RF3 Mol Cell 10 2002 789 798
    • (2002) Mol Cell , vol.10 , pp. 789-798
    • Zavialov, A.V.1    Mora, L.2    Buckingham, R.H.3    Ehrenberg, M.4
  • 5
    • 0033063428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel roles for classical factors at the interface between translation termination and initiation
    • R. Karimi, M.Y. Pavlov, R.H. Buckingham, and M. Ehrenberg Novel roles for classical factors at the interface between translation termination and initiation Mol Cell 3 1999 601 609
    • (1999) Mol Cell , vol.3 , pp. 601-609
    • Karimi, R.1    Pavlov, M.Y.2    Buckingham, R.H.3    Ehrenberg, M.4
  • 6
    • 0037439231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Termination of translation: Interplay of mRNA, rRNAs and release factors?
    • L. Kisselev, M. Ehrenberg, and L. Frolova Termination of translation: interplay of mRNA, rRNAs and release factors? EMBO J 22 2003 175 182
    • (2003) EMBO J , vol.22 , pp. 175-182
    • Kisselev, L.1    Ehrenberg, M.2    Frolova, L.3
  • 7
    • 53849146066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptide release on the ribosome: Mechanism and implications for translational control
    • E.M. Youngman, M.E. McDonald, and R. Green Peptide release on the ribosome: mechanism and implications for translational control Annu Rev Microbiol 62 2008 353 373
    • (2008) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.62 , pp. 353-373
    • Youngman, E.M.1    McDonald, M.E.2    Green, R.3
  • 8
    • 0017744989 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of reticulocyte release factor
    • D.S. Konecki, K.C. Aune, W. Tate, and C.T. Caskey Characterization of reticulocyte release factor J Biol Chem 252 1977 4514 4520
    • (1977) J Biol Chem , vol.252 , pp. 4514-4520
    • Konecki, D.S.1    Aune, K.C.2    Tate, W.3    Caskey, C.T.4
  • 9
    • 4344677977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GTP hydrolysis by eRF3 facilitates stop codon decoding during eukaryotic translation termination
    • J. Salas-Marco, and D.M. Bedwell GTP hydrolysis by eRF3 facilitates stop codon decoding during eukaryotic translation termination Mol Cell Biol 24 2004 7769 7778
    • (2004) Mol Cell Biol , vol.24 , pp. 7769-7778
    • Salas-Marco, J.1    Bedwell, D.M.2
  • 10
    • 33744993160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro reconstitution of eukaryotic translation reveals cooperativity between release factors eRF1 and eRF3
    • E.Z. Alkalaeva, A.V. Pisarev, L.Y. Frolova, L.L. Kisselev, and T.V. Pestova In vitro reconstitution of eukaryotic translation reveals cooperativity between release factors eRF1 and eRF3 Cell 125 2006 1125 1136
    • (2006) Cell , vol.125 , pp. 1125-1136
    • Alkalaeva, E.Z.1    Pisarev, A.V.2    Frolova, L.Y.3    Kisselev, L.L.4    Pestova, T.V.5
  • 11
    • 84885608524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eukaryotic release factor 3 is required for multiple turnovers of peptide release catalysis by eukaryotic release factor 1
    • D.E. Eyler, K.A. Wehner, and R. Green Eukaryotic release factor 3 is required for multiple turnovers of peptide release catalysis by eukaryotic release factor 1 J Biol Chem 288 2013 29530 29538
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , pp. 29530-29538
    • Eyler, D.E.1    Wehner, K.A.2    Green, R.3
  • 12
    • 0347517767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stop codon recognition and interactions with peptide release factor RF3 of truncated and chimeric RF1 and RF2 from Escherichia coli
    • L. Mora, A. Zavialov, M. Ehrenberg, and R.H. Buckingham Stop codon recognition and interactions with peptide release factor RF3 of truncated and chimeric RF1 and RF2 from Escherichia coli Mol Microbiol 50 2003 1467 1476
    • (2003) Mol Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 1467-1476
    • Mora, L.1    Zavialov, A.2    Ehrenberg, M.3    Buckingham, R.H.4
  • 13
    • 0032840382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the highly conserved GGQ motif of class 1 polypeptide release factors abolish ability of human eRF1 to trigger peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis
    • L.Y. Frolova, R.Y. Tsivkovskii, G.F. Sivolobova, N.Y. Oparina, O.I. Serpinsky, and V.M. Blinov Mutations in the highly conserved GGQ motif of class 1 polypeptide release factors abolish ability of human eRF1 to trigger peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis RNA 5 1999 1014 1020
    • (1999) RNA , vol.5 , pp. 1014-1020
    • Frolova, L.Y.1    Tsivkovskii, R.Y.2    Sivolobova, G.F.3    Oparina, N.Y.4    Serpinsky, O.I.5    Blinov, V.M.6
  • 16
    • 29244487090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structures of the ribosome in complex with release factors RF1 and RF2 bound to a cognate stop codon
    • S. Petry, D.E. Brodersen, F.V.t. Murphy, C.M. Dunham, M. Selmer, and M.J. Tarry Crystal structures of the ribosome in complex with release factors RF1 and RF2 bound to a cognate stop codon Cell 123 2005 1255 1266
    • (2005) Cell , vol.123 , pp. 1255-1266
    • Petry, S.1    Brodersen, D.E.2    Murphy, F.V.T.3    Dunham, C.M.4    Selmer, M.5    Tarry, M.J.6
  • 17
    • 77952685666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the 70S ribosome bound to release factor 2 and a substrate analog provides insights into catalysis of peptide release
    • H. Jin, A.C. Kelley, D. Loakes, and V. Ramakrishnan Structure of the 70S ribosome bound to release factor 2 and a substrate analog provides insights into catalysis of peptide release Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 2010 8593 8598
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 8593-8598
    • Jin, H.1    Kelley, A.C.2    Loakes, D.3    Ramakrishnan, V.4
  • 20
    • 0034603210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crystal structure of human eukaryotic release factor eRF1-mechanism of stop codon recognition and peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis
    • H. Song, P. Mugnier, A.K. Das, H.M. Webb, D.R. Evans, and M.F. Tuite The crystal structure of human eukaryotic release factor eRF1-mechanism of stop codon recognition and peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis Cell 100 2000 311 321
    • (2000) Cell , vol.100 , pp. 311-321
    • Song, H.1    Mugnier, P.2    Das, A.K.3    Webb, H.M.4    Evans, D.R.5    Tuite, M.F.6
  • 21
    • 0037223622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The essential role of the invariant GGQ motif in the function and stability in vivo of bacterial release factors RF1 and RF2
    • L. Mora, V. Heurgue-Hamard, S. Champ, M. Ehrenberg, L.L. Kisselev, and R.H. Buckingham The essential role of the invariant GGQ motif in the function and stability in vivo of bacterial release factors RF1 and RF2 Mol Microbiol 47 2003 267 275
    • (2003) Mol Microbiol , vol.47 , pp. 267-275
    • Mora, L.1    Heurgue-Hamard, V.2    Champ, S.3    Ehrenberg, M.4    Kisselev, L.L.5    Buckingham, R.H.6
  • 22
    • 35648950403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two distinct components of release factor function uncovered by nucleophile partitioning analysis
    • J.J. Shaw, and R. Green Two distinct components of release factor function uncovered by nucleophile partitioning analysis Mol Cell 28 2007 458 467
    • (2007) Mol Cell , vol.28 , pp. 458-467
    • Shaw, J.J.1    Green, R.2
  • 23
    • 34548227759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for how ribosomal release factors induce peptidyl-tRNA cleavage in termination of protein synthesis
    • S. Trobro, and J. Aqvist A model for how ribosomal release factors induce peptidyl-tRNA cleavage in termination of protein synthesis Mol Cell 27 2007 758 766
    • (2007) Mol Cell , vol.27 , pp. 758-766
    • Trobro, S.1    Aqvist, J.2
  • 24
    • 0034672060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A post-translational modification in the GGQ motif of RF2 from Escherichia coli stimulates termination of translation
    • V. Dincbas-Renqvist, A. Engstrom, L. Mora, V. Heurgue-Hamard, R. Buckingham, and M. Ehrenberg A post-translational modification in the GGQ motif of RF2 from Escherichia coli stimulates termination of translation EMBO J 19 2000 6900 6907
    • (2000) EMBO J , vol.19 , pp. 6900-6907
    • Dincbas-Renqvist, V.1    Engstrom, A.2    Mora, L.3    Heurgue-Hamard, V.4    Buckingham, R.5    Ehrenberg, M.6
  • 25
    • 0037084101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hemK gene in Escherichia coli encodes the N(5)-glutamine methyltransferase that modifies peptide release factors
    • V. Heurgue-Hamard, S. Champ, A. Engstrom, M. Ehrenberg, and R.H. Buckingham The hemK gene in Escherichia coli encodes the N(5)-glutamine methyltransferase that modifies peptide release factors EMBO J 21 2002 769 778
    • (2002) EMBO J , vol.21 , pp. 769-778
    • Heurgue-Hamard, V.1    Champ, S.2    Engstrom, A.3    Ehrenberg, M.4    Buckingham, R.H.5
  • 26
    • 13244259475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glutamine residue of the conserved GGQ motif in Saccharomyces cerevisiae release factor eRF1 is methylated by the product of the YDR140w gene
    • V. Heurgue-Hamard, S. Champ, L. Mora, T. Merkulova-Rainon, L.L. Kisselev, and R.H. Buckingham The glutamine residue of the conserved GGQ motif in Saccharomyces cerevisiae release factor eRF1 is methylated by the product of the YDR140w gene J Biol Chem 280 2005 2439 2445
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 2439-2445
    • Heurgue-Hamard, V.1    Champ, S.2    Mora, L.3    Merkulova-Rainon, T.4    Kisselev, L.L.5    Buckingham, R.H.6
  • 27
    • 77956622590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency in a glutamine-specific methyltransferase for release factor causes mouse embryonic lethality
    • P. Liu, S. Nie, B. Li, Z.Q. Yang, Z.M. Xu, and J. Fei Deficiency in a glutamine-specific methyltransferase for release factor causes mouse embryonic lethality Mol Cell Biol 30 2010 4245 4253
    • (2010) Mol Cell Biol , vol.30 , pp. 4245-4253
    • Liu, P.1    Nie, S.2    Li, B.3    Yang, Z.Q.4    Xu, Z.M.5    Fei, J.6
  • 28
    • 80051719282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of activation of methyltransferases involved in translation by the Trm112 "hub" protein
    • D. Liger, L. Mora, N. Lazar, S. Figaro, J. Henri, and N. Scrima Mechanism of activation of methyltransferases involved in translation by the Trm112 "hub" protein Nucleic Acids Res 39 2011 6249 6259
    • (2011) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.39 , pp. 6249-6259
    • Liger, D.1    Mora, L.2    Lazar, N.3    Figaro, S.4    Henri, J.5    Scrima, N.6
  • 29
    • 80051926335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different substrate-dependent transition states in the active site of the ribosome
    • S. Kuhlenkoetter, W. Wintermeyer, and M.V. Rodnina Different substrate-dependent transition states in the active site of the ribosome Nature 476 2011 351 354
    • (2011) Nature , vol.476 , pp. 351-354
    • Kuhlenkoetter, S.1    Wintermeyer, W.2    Rodnina, M.V.3
  • 30
    • 84865501655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Role for the 2′ OH of peptidyl-tRNA substrate in peptide release on the ribosome revealed through RF-mediated rescue
    • J.J. Shaw, S. Trobro, S.L. He, J. Aqvist, and R. Green A Role for the 2′ OH of peptidyl-tRNA substrate in peptide release on the ribosome revealed through RF-mediated rescue Chem Biol 19 2012 983 993
    • (2012) Chem Biol , vol.19 , pp. 983-993
    • Shaw, J.J.1    Trobro, S.2    He, S.L.3    Aqvist, J.4    Green, R.5
  • 32
    • 4143064788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural analyses of peptide release factor 1 from Thermotoga maritima reveal domain flexibility required for its interaction with the ribosome
    • D.H. Shin, J. Brandsen, J. Jancarik, H. Yokota, R. Kim, and S.H. Kim Structural analyses of peptide release factor 1 from Thermotoga maritima reveal domain flexibility required for its interaction with the ribosome J Mol Biol 341 2004 227 239
    • (2004) J Mol Biol , vol.341 , pp. 227-239
    • Shin, D.H.1    Brandsen, J.2    Jancarik, J.3    Yokota, H.4    Kim, R.5    Kim, S.H.6
  • 33
    • 29144499347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SAXS solution structure of RF1 differs from its crystal structure and is similar to its ribosome bound cryo-EM structure
    • B. Vestergaard, S. Sanyal, M. Roessle, L. Mora, R.H. Buckingham, and J.S. Kastrup The SAXS solution structure of RF1 differs from its crystal structure and is similar to its ribosome bound cryo-EM structure Mol Cell 20 2005 929 938
    • (2005) Mol Cell , vol.20 , pp. 929-938
    • Vestergaard, B.1    Sanyal, S.2    Roessle, M.3    Mora, L.4    Buckingham, R.H.5    Kastrup, J.S.6
  • 34
    • 34047120718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release factors 2 from Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus: Structural, spectroscopic and microcalorimetric studies
    • G. Zoldak, L. Redecke, D.I. Svergun, P.V. Konarev, C.S. Voertler, and H. Dobbek Release factors 2 from Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus: structural, spectroscopic and microcalorimetric studies Nucleic Acids Res 35 2007 1343 1353
    • (2007) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.35 , pp. 1343-1353
    • Zoldak, G.1    Redecke, L.2    Svergun, D.I.3    Konarev, P.V.4    Voertler, C.S.5    Dobbek, H.6
  • 35
  • 36
    • 78651083730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PH-sensitivity of the ribosomal peptidyl transfer reaction dependent on the identity of the A-site aminoacyl-tRNA
    • M. Johansson, K.W. Ieong, S. Trobro, P. Strazewski, J. Aqvist, and M.Y. Pavlov pH-sensitivity of the ribosomal peptidyl transfer reaction dependent on the identity of the A-site aminoacyl-tRNA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 2011 79 84
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 79-84
    • Johansson, M.1    Ieong, K.W.2    Trobro, S.3    Strazewski, P.4    Aqvist, J.5    Pavlov, M.Y.6
  • 37
    • 0000985115 scopus 로고
    • On the interpretation of the pH variation of the maximum initial velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
    • R.A. Alberty, and V. Massey On the interpretation of the pH variation of the maximum initial velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction Biochim Biophys Acta 13 1954 347 353
    • (1954) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.13 , pp. 347-353
    • Alberty, R.A.1    Massey, V.2
  • 38
    • 0018498843 scopus 로고
    • Nucleoside triphosphate regeneration decreases the frequency of translation errors
    • P.C. Jelenc, and C.G. Kurland Nucleoside triphosphate regeneration decreases the frequency of translation errors Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76 1979 3174 3178
    • (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.76 , pp. 3174-3178
    • Jelenc, P.C.1    Kurland, C.G.2
  • 39
    • 0038071913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the protonation/deprotonation sequence of two polyamines: Bis-[(2S)-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl] ethylenediamine and spermidine by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance
    • J.A. da Silva, J. Felcman, C.C. Lopes, R.S.C. Lopes, and J.D.F. Villar Study of the protonation/deprotonation sequence of two polyamines: bis-[(2S)-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl] ethylenediamine and spermidine by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance Spectrosc Lett 35 2002 643 661
    • (2002) Spectrosc Lett , vol.35 , pp. 643-661
    • Da Silva, J.A.1    Felcman, J.2    Lopes, C.C.3    Lopes, R.S.C.4    Villar, J.D.F.5
  • 40
    • 72749108166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the translation termination reaction on the ribosome
    • S. Trobro, and J. Aqvist Mechanism of the translation termination reaction on the ribosome Biochemistry 48 2009 11296 11303
    • (2009) Biochemistry , vol.48 , pp. 11296-11303
    • Trobro, S.1    Aqvist, J.2
  • 43
    • 72749108399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of stop codon recognition by release factor 1
    • B. Hetrick, K. Lee, and S. Joseph Kinetics of stop codon recognition by release factor 1 Biochemistry 48 2009 11178 11184
    • (2009) Biochemistry , vol.48 , pp. 11178-11184
    • Hetrick, B.1    Lee, K.2    Joseph, S.3
  • 44
    • 36248994061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stop codon recognition by release factors induces structural rearrangement of the ribosomal decoding center that is productive for peptide release
    • E.M. Youngman, S.L. He, L.J. Nikstad, and R. Green Stop codon recognition by release factors induces structural rearrangement of the ribosomal decoding center that is productive for peptide release Mol Cell 28 2007 533 543
    • (2007) Mol Cell , vol.28 , pp. 533-543
    • Youngman, E.M.1    He, S.L.2    Nikstad, L.J.3    Green, R.4
  • 45
    • 77950518796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualization of codon-dependent conformational rearrangements during translation termination
    • S.L. He, and R. Green Visualization of codon-dependent conformational rearrangements during translation termination Nat Struct Mol Biol 17 2010 465 470
    • (2010) Nat Struct Mol Biol , vol.17 , pp. 465-470
    • He, S.L.1    Green, R.2
  • 46
    • 33644818227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of the release factor RF1 with the ribosome as revealed by cryo-EM
    • U. Rawat, H. Gao, A. Zavialov, R. Gursky, M. Ehrenberg, and J. Frank Interactions of the release factor RF1 with the ribosome as revealed by cryo-EM J Mol Biol 357 2006 1144 1153
    • (2006) J Mol Biol , vol.357 , pp. 1144-1153
    • Rawat, U.1    Gao, H.2    Zavialov, A.3    Gursky, R.4    Ehrenberg, M.5    Frank, J.6
  • 47
    • 0033168212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced fit in initial selection and proofreading of aminoacyl-tRNA on the ribosome
    • T. Pape, W. Wintermeyer, and M. Rodnina Induced fit in initial selection and proofreading of aminoacyl-tRNA on the ribosome EMBO J 18 1999 3800 3807
    • (1999) EMBO J , vol.18 , pp. 3800-3807
    • Pape, T.1    Wintermeyer, W.2    Rodnina, M.3
  • 48
    • 84879837060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of the 70S ribosome bound with the Q253P mutant form of release factor RF2
    • N. Santos, J. Zhu, J.P. Donohue, A.A. Korostelev, and H.F. Noller Crystal structure of the 70S ribosome bound with the Q253P mutant form of release factor RF2 Structure 21 2013 1258 1263
    • (2013) Structure , vol.21 , pp. 1258-1263
    • Santos, N.1    Zhu, J.2    Donohue, J.P.3    Korostelev, A.A.4    Noller, H.F.5
  • 49
    • 44449089912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kinetics of ribosomal peptidyl transfer revisited
    • M. Johansson, E. Bouakaz, M. Lovmar, and M. Ehrenberg The kinetics of ribosomal peptidyl transfer revisited Mol Cell 30 2008 589 598
    • (2008) Mol Cell , vol.30 , pp. 589-598
    • Johansson, M.1    Bouakaz, E.2    Lovmar, M.3    Ehrenberg, M.4
  • 50
    • 0029873397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of translation of natural mRNAs in an optimized in vitro system
    • M.Y. Pavlov, and M. Ehrenberg Rate of translation of natural mRNAs in an optimized in vitro system Arch Biochem Biophys 328 1996 9 16
    • (1996) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.328 , pp. 9-16
    • Pavlov, M.Y.1    Ehrenberg, M.2
  • 52
    • 2342547059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribosome formation from subunits studied by stopped-flow and Rayleigh light scattering
    • A. Antoun, M.Y. Pavlov, T. Tenson, and M.M. Ehrenberg Ribosome formation from subunits studied by stopped-flow and Rayleigh light scattering Biol Proced Online 6 2004 35 54
    • (2004) Biol Proced Online , vol.6 , pp. 35-54
    • Antoun, A.1    Pavlov, M.Y.2    Tenson, T.3    Ehrenberg, M.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.