Geographic Network Diversity: How Does it Affect Exploratory Innovation?

Industry and Innovation

Volumn 21, Issue 7-8, 2014, Pages 633-654

  Bahlmann, Marc D ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

D83; L20; M13; R10

Indexed keywords

ENTREPRENEUR; INNOVATION; NETWORK ANALYSIS; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 84931084270     PISSN: 13662716     EISSN: 14698390     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13662716.2015.1012906     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. G.Ahuja2000. “The Duality of Collaboration: Inducements and Opportunities in the Formation of Interfirm Linkages.” Strategic Management Journal21 (3): 317–343. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3 < 317:AID-SMJ90>3.0.CO;2-B.
2. G.Ahuja, and C.M.Lampert. 2001. “Entrepreneurship in the Large Corporation: A Longitudinal Study of How Established Firms Create Breakthrough Inventions.” Strategic Management Journal22 (6–7): 521–543. doi:10.1002/smj.176.
3. L.S.Aiken, and S.G.West. 1991. Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. H.E.Aldrich1999. Organizations Evolving. London: Sage.
5. P.Almeida, and B.Kogut. 1997. “The Exploration of Technological Diversity and the Geographic Localization of Innovation.” Small Business Economics9 (1): 21–31. doi:10.1023/A:1007995512597.
6. P.Almeida, and B.Kogut. 1999. “Localization of Knowledge and the Mobility of Engineers in Regional Networks.” Management Science45 (7): 905–917. doi:10.1287/mnsc.45.7.905.
7. A.Amin, and P.Cohendet. 2004. Architectures of Knowledge. Firms, Capabilities, and Communities. New York: Oxford University Press.
8. A.T.Arikan2009. “Interfirm Knowledge Exchanges and the Knowledge Creation Capability of Clusters.” Academy of Management Review34 (4): 658–676. doi:10.5465/AMR.2009.44885776.
9. B.T.Asheim, and L.Coenen. 2005. “Knowledge Bases and Regional Innovation Systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters.” Research Policy34 (8): 1173–1190. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.03.013.
10. B.T.Asheim, and A.Isaksen. 2002. “Regional Innovation Systems: The Integration of Local ‘Sticky’ and Global ‘Ubiquitous’ Knowledge.” The Journal of Technology Transfer27 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1023/A:1013100704794.
11. M.D.Bahlmann2014. “Space, Innovation and the Locus of Knowledge: An Ontological Response to Rutten.” Prometheus32 (1): 105–110. doi:10.1080/08109028.2014.945287.
12. K.A.Bantel1998. “Technology-Based, ‘Adolescent’ Firm Configurations.” Journal of Business Venturing13 (3): 205–230. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00033-5.
13. Y.Baruch1999. “Response Rate in Academic Studies: A Comparative Analysis.” Human Relations52 (4): 421–438.
14. H.Bathelt, and J.Glückler. 2003. “Toward a Relational Economic Geography.” Journal of Economic Geography3 (2): 117–144. doi:10.1093/jeg/3.2.117.
15. H.Bathelt, A.Malmberg, and P.Maskell. 2004. “Clusters and Knowledge: Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation.” Progress in Human Geography28 (1): 31–56. doi:10.1191/0309132504ph469oa.
16. B.Batjargal2007. “Internet Entrepreneurship: Social Capital, Human Capital, and Performance of Internet Ventures in China.” Research Policy36 (5): 605–618. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.029.
17. B.Batjargal, M.A.Hitt, A.S.Tsui, J.-L.Arregle, J.W.Webb, and T.Miller. 2013. “Institutional Polycentrism, Entrepreneurs' Social Networks, and New Venture Growth.” Academy of Management Journal56 (4): 1024–1049. doi:10.5465/amj.2010.0095.
18. G.G.Bell, and A.Zaheer. 2007. “Geography, Networks, and Knowledge Flow.” Organization Science18 (6): 955–972. doi:10.1287/orsc.1070.0308.
19. S.Beugelsdijk2007. “The Regional Environment and a Firm's Innovative Performance: A Plea for a Multilevel Interactionist Approach.” Economic Geography83 (2): 181–199. doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2007.tb00342.x.
20. P.M.Blau1977. Inequality and Heterogeneity. New York: Free Press.
21. R.A.Boschma2004. “Competitiveness of Regions from an Evolutionary Perspective.” Regional Studies38 (9): 1001–1014. doi:10.1080/0034340042000292601.
22. R.A.Boschma2005. “Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment.” Regional Studies39 (1): 61–74. doi:10.1080/0034340052000320887.
23. R.A.Boschma, and A.L.J.Ter Wal. 2007. “Knowledge Networks and Innovative Performance in an Industrial District: The Case of a Footwear District in the South of Italy.” Industry & Innovation14 (2): 177–199. doi:10.1080/13662710701253441.
24. T.Bresnahan, A.Gambardella, and A.Saxenian. 2001. “‘Old Economy’ Inputs for ‘New Economy’ Outcomes: Cluster Formation in the New Silicon Valleys.” Industrial and Corporate Change10 (4): 835–860. doi:10.1093/icc/10.4.835.
25. R.S.Burt1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
26. J.D.Chown, and C.C.Liu. 2013. “Geography and Power in an Organizational Forum: Evidence from the U.S. Senate Chamber.” Strategic Management Journal. doi:10.1002/smj.
27. W.M.Cohen, and D.A.Levinthal. 1990. “Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation.” Administrative Science Quarterly35 (1): 128–152. doi:10.2307/2393553.
28. R.Crescenzi, A.Rodríguez-Pose, and M.Storper. 2007. “The Territorial Dynamics of Innovation: A Europe United States Comparative Analysis.” Journal of Economic Geography7 (6): 673–709. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbm030.
29. J.Crespo, R.Suire, and J.Vicente. 2013. “Lock-in or Lock-Out? How Structural Properties of Knowledge Networks Affect Regional Resilience.” Journal of Economic Geography. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbt006.
30. R.M.Cyert, P.Kumar, and J.R.Williams. 1993. “Information, Market Imperfections and Strategy.” Strategic Management Journal14 (S2): 47–58. doi:10.1002/smj.4250141006.
31. D.Doloreux, and R.Shearmur. 2012. “Collaboration, Information and the Geography of Innovation in Knowledge Intensive Business Services.” Journal of Economic Geography12 (1): 79–105. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbr003.
32. J.M.Drees, and P.P.M.A.R.Huygens. 2013. “Synthesizing and Extending Resource Dependence Theory: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Management39 (6): 1666–1698. doi:10.1177/0149206312471391.
33. K.M.Eisenhardt, and C.B.Schoonhoven. 1990. “Organizational Growth: Linking Founding Team, Strategy, Environment, and Growth Among U.S. Semiconductor Ventures, 1978–1988.” Administrative Science Quarterly35 (3): 504–529. doi:10.2307/2393315.
34. T.Felin, and W.Hesterly. 2007. “The Knowledge-Based View, Nested Heterogeneity, and New Value Creation: Philosophical Considerations on the Locus of Knowledge.” Academy of Management Review32 (1): 195–218. doi:10.5465/AMR.2007.23464020.
35. M.S.Freel2003. “Sectoral Patterns of Small Firm Innovation, Networking and Proximity.” Research Policy32 (5): 751–770. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00084-7.
36. E.Giuliani2007. “The Selective Nature of Knowledge Networks In Clusters: Evidence from the Wine Industry.” Journal of Economic Geography7 (2): 139–168. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbl014.
37. G.Grabher2004. “Temporary Architectures of Learning: Knowledge Governance in Project Ecologies.” Organization Studies25 (9): 1491–1514. doi:10.1177/0170840604047996.
38. M.S.Granovetter1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology78 (6): 1360–1380. doi:10.1086/225469.
39. M.S.Granovetter1982. “The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited.” In Social Structure and Network Analysis, edited by P.V.Marsden and N.Lin, 105–130. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
40. J.Hagedoorn, and M.Cloodt. 2003. “Measuring Innovative Performance: Is There an Advantage in Using Multiple Indicators?” Research Policy32 (8): 1365–1379. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00137-3.
41. M.T.Hansen1999. “The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge Across Organization Subunits.” Administrative Science Quarterly44 (1): 82–111. doi:10.2307/2667032.
42. J.-L.Hervas-Oliver, and J.Albors-Garrigos. 2009. “The Role of the Firm's Internal and Relational Capabilities in Clusters: When Distance and Embeddedness Are Not Enough to Explain Innovation.” Journal of Economic Geography9 (2): 263–283. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbn033.
43. W.Hoogland2008. “ICT en Nieuwe Media in Noordvleugel Randstad. Een verkenning in opdracht van Platform Bèta en Techniek.” [ICT and New Media in North-wing Randstad. An Exploration Commissioned By Platform Bèta en Techniek.]Research report.
44. F.Huber2012. “Do Clusters Really Matter for Innovation Practices in Information Technology? Questioning the Significance of Technological Knowledge Spillovers.” Journal of Economic Geography12 (1): 107–126. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbq058.
45. L.Håkanson2005. “Epistemic Communities and Cluster Dynamics: On the Role of Knowledge in Industrial Districts.” Industry and Innovation12: 433–463.
46. S.Iammarino, and P.McCannPh. 2006. “The Structure and Evolution of Industrial Clusters: Transactions, Technology and Knowledge Spillovers.” Research Policy35 (7): 1018–1036. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.05.004.
47. L.R.James, R.Demaree, and G.Wolf. 1984. “Estimating Within-Group Inter-Rater Reliability with and Without Response Bias.” Journal of Applied Psychology69 (1): 85–98. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.69.1.85.
48. J.J.P.Jansen, F.A.J.Van den Bosch, and H.W.Volberda. 2006. “Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation, and Performance: Effects of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Moderators.” Management Science52 (11): 1661–1674. doi:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0576.
49. R.J.Jiang, Q.T.Tao, and M.D.Santoro. 2010. “Alliance Portfolio Diversity and Firm Performance.” Strategic Management Journal31 (10): 1136–1144. doi:10.1002/smj.869.
50. G.Katz, and W.B.Gartner. 1988. “Properties of Emerging Organizations.” Academy of Management Review13: 429–441.
51. E.Kesidou, and C.SnijdersCh. 2012. “External Knowledge and Innovation Performance in Clusters: Empirical Evidence from the Uruguay Software Cluster.” Industry & Innovation19 (5): 437–457. doi:10.1080/13662716.2012.711028.
52. S.Klepper1996. “Entry, Exit, Growth and Innovation over the Product Life Cycle.” American Economic Review86: 562–583.
53. B.R.Koka, and J.E.Prescott. 2008. “Designing Alliance Networks: The Influence of Network Position, Environmental Change, and Strategy on Firm Performance.” Strategic Management Journal29 (6): 639–661. doi:10.1002/smj.679.
54. K.W.Koput1997. “A Chaotic Model of Innovative Search: Some Answers, Many Questions.” Organization Science8 (5): 528–542. doi:10.1287/orsc.8.5.528.
55. N.Lahiri2010. “Geographic Distribution of R&D Activity: How Does it Affect Innovation Quality?” Academy of Management Journal53 (5): 1194–1209. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2010.54533233.
56. K.Laursen, and A.Salter. 2006. “Open for Innovation: The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance Among U.K. Manufacturing Firms.” Strategic Management Journal27 (2): 131–150. doi:10.1002/smj.507.
57. K.Laursen, F.Masciarelli, and A.Prencipe. 2011. “Regions Matter: How Localized Social Capital Affects Innovation and External Knowledge Acquisition.” Organization Science. doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0650.
58. C.-K.Lee, and A.Saxenian. 2007. “Coevolution and Coordination: A Systemic Analysis of the Taiwanese Information Technology Industry.” Journal of Economic Geography1–24.
59. D.A.Levinthal, and J.G.March. 1993. “The Myopia of Learning.” Strategic Management Journal14 (S2): 95–112. doi:10.1002/smj.4250141009.
60. N.Lewis, W.Moran, P.Perrier-Cornet, and J.Barker. 2002. “Territoriality, Enterprise and Réglementation in Industry Governance.” Progress in Human Geography26: 433–462.
61. A.Lorentzen2007. “The Geography of Knowledge Sourcing: A Case Study of Polish Manufacturing Enterprises.” European Planning Studies15 (4): 467–486. doi:10.1080/09654310601133252.
62. J.G.March1991. “Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning.” Organization Science2 (1): 71–87. doi:10.1287/orsc.2.1.71.
63. A.Marin2004. “Are Respondents More Likely to List Alters with Certain Characteristics?” Social Networks26 (4): 289–307. doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2004.06.001.
64. A.Marin, and K.N.Hampton. 2007. “Simplifying the Personal Network Name Generator: Alternatives to Traditional Multiple and Single Name Generators.” Field Methods19 (2): 163–193. doi:10.1177/1525822X06298588.
65. P.Marsden1990. “Network Data and Measurement.” Annual Review of Sociology16 (1): 435–463. doi:10.1146/annurev.so.16.080190.002251.
66. P.Marsden2006. “Recent Developments in Network Measurement.” In Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis, edited by P.J.Carrington, J.Scott, and S.Wasserman, 8–30. New York: Cambridge University Press.
67. R.Martin, and P.Sunley. 2003. “Deconstructing Clusters: Chaotic Concept or Policy Panacea?” Journal of Economic Geography3 (1): 5–35. doi:10.1093/jeg/3.1.5.
68. P.Maskell2001. “Towards a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Geographical Cluster.” Industrial and Corporate Change10 (4): 921–943. doi:10.1093/icc/10.4.921.
69. M.McPherson, L.Smith-Lovin, and J.M.Cook. 2001. “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks'.” Annual Review of Sociology27 (1): 415–444. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415.
70. L.A.G.Oerlemans, J.Knoben, and M.W.Pretorius. 2013. “Alliance Portfolio Diversity, Radical and Incremental Innovation: The Moderating Role of Technology Management.” Technovation. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2013.02.004.
71. P.Oinas1999. “Activity-Specificity in Organizational Learning: Implications for Analysing the Role of Proximity.” GeoJournal49 (4): 363–372. doi:10.1023/A:1007184012189.
72. J.Owen-Smith, and W.W.Powell. 2004. “Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community.” Organization Science15 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1287/orsc.1030.0054.
73. J.E.Perry-Smith2006. “Social Yet Creative: The Role of Social Relationships in Facilitating Individual Creativity.” Academy of Management Journal49 (1): 85–101. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2006.20785503.
74. M.Polanyi1967. The Tacit Dimension. London: Routledge.
75. M.Presutti, C.Boari, and A.Majocchi. 2013. “Inter-Organizational Geographical Proximity and Local Start-Ups' Knowledge Acquisition: A Contingency Approach.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal25 (5–6): 446–467.
76. R.Reagans, and B.McEvily. 2003. “Network Structure and Knowledge Transfer: The Effects of Cohesion and Range.” Administrative Science Quarterly48 (2): 240–267. doi:10.2307/3556658.
77. P.Rutten, W.Manshanden, J.Muskens, and O.Koops. 2004. “De Creatieve Industrie in Amsterdam en de regio.” [The Creative Industry in Amsterdam and the Amsterdam Region.] TNO Rapport STB-04-29. 1–64.
78. F.Rychen, and J.-B.Zimmermann. 2008. “Clusters in the Global Knowledge-Based Economy: Knowledge Gatekeepers and Temporary Proximity.” Regional Studies42 (6): 767–776. doi:10.1080/00343400802088300.
79. S.Sacchetti2009. “Why, Where and with Whom Do You Link? The Nature and Motivations of Linkages Within and Outside an Italian Local System.” Regional Studies43 (2): 197–209. doi:10.1080/00343400701808840.
80. R.Sampson2007. “R&D Alliances and Firm Performance: The Impact of Technological Diversity and Alliance Organization on Innovation.” Academy of Management Journal50 (2): 364–386. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634443.
81. A.Saxenian1990. “Regional Networks and the Resurgence of Silicon Valley.” California Management Review33 (1): 89–112.
82. A.J.Scott2002. “A New Map of Hollywood: The Production and Distribution of American Motion Pictures.” Regional Studies36 (9): 957–975. doi:10.1080/0034340022000022215.
83. T.Semrau, and S.Sigmund. 2012. “Networking Ability and the Financial Performance of New Ventures: A Mediation Analysis Among Younger And More Mature Firms.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal6 (4): 335–354. doi:10.1002/sej.1146.
84. S.Shane, and T.Stuart. 2002. “Organizational Endowments and the Performance of University Start-Ups.” Management Science48 (1): 154–170.
85. J.Simmie2003. “Innovation and Urban Regions as National and International Nodes for the Transfer and Sharing of Knowledge.” Regional Studies37 (6–7): 607–620. doi:10.1080/0034340032000108714.
86. W.Stam2010. “Industry Event Participation and Network Brokerage Among Entrepreneurial Ventures.” Journal of Management Studies47 (4): 625–653. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00909.x.
87. T.Stuart, and O.Sorenson. 2007. “Strategic Networks and Entrepreneurial Ventures.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal1 (3–4): 211–227. doi:10.1002/sej.18.
88. G.Szulanski. 1996. “Exploring Internal Stickiness: Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice Within the Firm.” Strategic Management Journal17: 27–43.
89. S.Tallman, and A.Phene. 2007. “Leveraging Knowledge Across Geographic Boundaries.” Organization Science18 (2): 252–260.
90. A.Tiwana2008. “Do Bridging Ties Complement Strong Ties? An Empirical Examination of Alliance Ambidexterity.” Strategic Management Journal29 (3): 251–272. doi:10.1002/smj.666.
91. B.Uzzi1997. “Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness.” Administrative Science Quarterly42 (1): 35–67. doi:10.2307/2393808.
92. S.Wasserman, and K.Faust. 2006. Social Network Analysis. Methods and Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
93. E.Wever, and E.Stam. 1999. “Clusters of High Technology SMEs: The Dutch Case.” Regional Studies33 (4): 391–400. doi:10.1080/713693556.
94. J.Wiklund, and D.Shepherd. 2005. “Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small Business Performance: A Configurational Approach.” Journal of Business Venturing20 (1): 71–91. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.01.001.
95. S.Wuyts, and S.Dutta. 2012. “Benefiting from Alliance Portfolio Diversity: The Role of Past Internal Knowledge Creation Strategy.” Journal of Management. doi:10.1177/0149206312442339.