Fibromyalgia and nutrition: What news?

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology

Volumn 33, Issue , 2015, Pages S117-S125

  Rossi, Alessandra ^a   Di Lollo, Anna Chiara ^b   Guzzo, Maria Paola ^b   Giacomelli, Camillo ^a   Atzeni, Fabiola ^c   Bazzichi, Laura ^a   Di Franco, Manuela ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^c IRCCS ISTITUTO ORTOPEDICO GALEAZZI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cytokine; Diet; Fibromyalgia; Gluten sensitivity; Nutritional deficiencies; Obesity; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; ANTIOXIDANT; FERRITIN; GLUTEN; IRON; TRACE ELEMENT;

BODY MASS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EATING DISORDER; FATIGUE; FIBROMYALGIA; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION; IRON DEFICIENCY; MOOD DISORDER; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; OBESITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEFICIENCY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SLEEP DISORDER; SLEEP QUALITY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; WEIGHT CONTROL; ADVERSE EFFECTS; DIET; DIET THERAPY; MALNUTRITION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

DIET; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; FIBROMYALGIA; HUMANS; MALNUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; OBESITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 84929291970     PISSN: 0392856X     EISSN: 1593098X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (130)

1. SALAFFI F, DE ANGELIS R, GRASSI W, MARCHE PAIN PREVALENCE; INVESTIGATION GROUP (MAPPING) STUDY: Prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in an Italian population sample: results of a regional community-based study. I. The MAPPING study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005; 23: 819-28.
2. CARVILLE SF, ARENDT-NIELSEN S, BLIDDAL H et al.: EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67: 536-41.
3. SCHWAB U, LAURITZEN L, THOLSTRUP T et al.: Effect of the amount and type of dietary fat on cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer: a systematic review. Food Nutr Res 2014; 10; 58.
4. NISHIDA C, UAUY R, KUMANYIKA S, SHETTY P: The joint WHO/FAO expert consultation on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: process, product and policy implications. Public Health Nutr 2004; 7: 245-50.
5. ARORA V, CHOPRA K: Possible involvement of oxido-nitrosative stress induced neuroinflammatory cascade and monoaminergic pathway: underpinning the correlation between nociceptive and depressive behaviour in a rodent model. J Affect Disord 2013; 151: 1041-52.
6. WANG ZQ, PORRECA F, CUZZOCREA S et al.: A newly identified role for superoxide in inflammatory pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 309: 869-78.
7. CORDERO MD, ALCOCER-GÓMEZ E, CANOGARCÍA FJ et al.: Clinical symptoms in fibromyalgia are better associated to lipid peroxidation levels in blood mononuclear cells rather than in plasma. PLoS One 2011; 6: e26915.
8. CORDERO MD, DÍAZ-PARRADO E, CARRIÓN AM et al.: Is inflammation a mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent event in fibromyalgia? Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18: 800-7.
9. LARSON AA, GIOVENGO SL, RUSSELL IJ, MICHALEK JE: Changes in the concentrations of amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid that correlate with pain in patients with fibromyalgia: implications for nitric oxide pathways. Pain 2000; 87: 201-11.
10. BAGIS S, TAMER L, SAHIN G et al.: Free radicals and antioxidants in primary fibromyalgia: an oxidative stress disorder? Rheumatol Int 2005; 25: 188-90.
11. OZGOCMEN S, OZYURT H, SOGUT S, AKYOL O: Current concepts in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia: the potential role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26: 585-97.
12. OZGOCMEN S, OZYURT H, SOGUT S, AKYOL O, ARDICOGLU O, YILDIZHAN H: Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in fibromyalgia: etiologic and therapeutic concerns. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26: 598-603.
13. ALTINDAG O, CELIK H: Total antioxidant capacity and the severity of the pain in patients with fibromyalgia. Redox Rep 2006; 11: 131-5.
14. SENDUR OF, TURAN Y, TASTABAN E, YENISEY C, SERTER M: Serum antioxidants and nitric oxide levels in fibromyalgia: a controlled study. Rheumatol Int 2009; 29: 629-33.
15. NEYAL M, YIMENICIOGLU F, AYDENIZ A et al.: Plasma nitrite levels, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index in patients with tension-type headache and fibromyalgia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115: 736-40.
16. BOZKURT M, CAGLAYAN M, OKTAYOGLU P et al.: Serum prolidase enzyme activity and oxidative status in patients with fibromyalgia. Redox Rep 2014; 19: 148-53.
17. FATIMA G, DAS SK, MAHDI AA: Oxidative stress and antioxidative parameters and metal ion content in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: implications in the pathogenesis of the disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31 (Suppl. 79): S128-33.
18. AKBAS A, INANIR A, BENLI I, ONDER Y, AYDOGAN L: Evaluation of some antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and GPX) and their polymorphisms (MnSOD2 Ala9Val, GPX1 Pro198Leu) in fibromyalgia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18: 1199-203.
19. la RUBIA M, RUS A, MOLINA F, del MORAL ML: Is fibromyalgia-related oxidative stress implicated in the decline of physical and mental health status? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31 (Suppl. 79): S121-7.
20. MEEUS M, NIJS J, HERMANS L, GOUBERT D, CALDERS P: The role of mitochondrial dysfunctions due to oxidative and nitrosative stress in the chronic pain or chronic fatigue syndromes and fibromyalgia patients: peripheral and central mechanisms as therapeutic targets? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17: 1081-9.
21. ORTANCIL O, SANLI A, ERYUKSEL R, BASARAN A, ANKARALI H: Association between serum ferritin level and fibromyalgia syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64: 308-12.
22. PAMUK GE, PAMUK ON, SET T, HARMANDAR O, YESIL N: An increased prevalence of fibromyalgia in iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia minor and associated factors. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 27: 1103-8.
23. MADER R, KOTON Y, BUSKILA D, HERER P, ELIAS M: Serum iron and iron stores in non-anemic patients with fibromyalgia. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31: 595-9.
24. ROSBORG I, HYLLÉN E, LIDBECK J, NIHLGÅRD B, GERHARDSSON L: Trace element pattern in patients with fibromyalgia. Sci Total Environ 2007; 385: 20-7.
25. SAKARYA ST, AKYOL Y, BEDIR A, CANTURK F: The relationship between serum antioxidant vitamins, magnesium levels, and clinical parameters in patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2011; 30: 1039-43.
26. SENDUR OF, TASTABAN E, TURAN Y, ULMAN C: The relationship between serum trace element levels and clinical parameters in patients with fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int 2008; 28: 1117-21.
27. KIM YS, KIM KM, LEE DJ et al.: Women with fibromyalgia have lower levels of calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese in hair mineral analysis. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26: 1253-7.
28. BAZZICHI L, GIANNACCINI G, BETTI L et al.: ATP, calcium and magnesium levels in platelets of patients with primary fibromyalgia. Clin Biochem 2008; 41: 1084-90.
29. VERHEESEN RH, SCHWEITZER CM: Iodine deficiency, more than cretinism and goiter. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71: 645-8.
30. MAES M, VERKERK R, DELMEIRE L, van GASTEL A, van HUNSEL F, SCHARPÉ S: Serotonergic markers and lowered plasma branched-chain-amino acid concentrations in fibromyalgia. Psychiatry Res 2000; 97: 11-20.
31. BAZZICHI L, PALEGO L, GIANNACCINI G et al.: Altered amino acid homeostasis in subjects affected by fibromyalgia. Clin Biochem 2009; 42: 1064-70.
32. SCHWARZ MJ, OFFENBAECHER M, NEUMEISTER A, ACKENHEIL M: Experimental evaluation of an altered tryptophan metabolism in fibromyalgia. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 527: 265-75.
33. ARRANZ LI, CANELA MÁ, RAFECAS M: Dietary aspects in fibromyalgia patients: results of a survey on food awareness, allergies, and nutritional supplementation. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32: 2615-21.
34. MERCHANT RE, ANDRE CA: A review of recent clinical trials of the nutritional supplement Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the treatment of fibromyalgia, hypertension, and ulcerative colitis. Altern Ther Health Med 2001; 7: 79-91.
35. MERCHANT RE, CARMACK CA, WISE CM: Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study. Phytother Res 2000; 14: 167-73.
36. NIEDDU ME, MENZA L, BALDI F, FREDIANI B, MARCOLONGO R: Efficacy of Cellfood's therapy (deutrosulfazyme) in fibromyalgia. Reumatismo 2007; 59: 316-21.
37. FULGENZI A, DE GIUSEPPE R, BAMONTI F, FERRERO ME: Improvement of oxidative and metabolic parameters by cellfood administration in patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases on chelation treatment. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 281510.
38. LISTER RE: An open, pilot study to evaluate the potential benefits of coenzyme Q10 combined with Ginkgo biloba extract in fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med Res 2002; 30: 195-9.
39. GARRIDO-MARAVER J, CORDERO MD, OROPESA-ÁVILA M et al.: Coenzyme q10 therapy. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5: 187-97.
40. CORDERO MD, COTÁN D, DEL-POZOMARTÍN Y et al.: Oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves clinical symptoms and recovers pathologic alterations in blood mononuclear cells in a fibromyalgia patient. Nutrition 2012; 28: 1200-3.
41. CORDERO MD, ALCOCER-GÓMEZ E, CULIC O et al.: NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in fibromyalgia: the effect of coenzyme Q10. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20: 1169-80.
42. CORDERO MD, ALCOCER-GÓMEZ E, de MIGUEL M et al.: Can coenzyme q10 improve clinical and molecular parameters in fibromyalgia? Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19: 1356-61.
43. ALCOCER-GÓMEZ E, CANO-GARCÍA FJ, CORDERO MD: Effect of coenzyme Q10 evaluated by 1990 and 2010 ACR Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia and SCL-90-R: four case reports and literature review. Nutrition 2013; 29: 1422-5.
44. ALCOCER-GÓMEZ E, SÁNCHEZ-ALCÁZAR JA, CORDERO MD: Coenzyme q10 regulates serotonin levels and depressive symptoms in fibromyalgia patients: results of a small clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2014; 34: 277-8.
45. ALVES CR, SANTIAGO BM, LIMA F et al.: Creatine supplementation in fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65: 1449-59.
46. ROHR UD, HEROLD J: Melatonin deficiencies in women. Maturitas 2002; 41: S85-104.
47. MAHDI AA, FATIMA G, DAS SK, VERMA NS: Abnormality of circadian rhythm of serum melatonin and other biochemical parameters in fibromyalgia syndrome. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2011; 48: 82-7.
48. MASRUHA MR, LIN J, DE SOUZA VIEIRA DS et al.: Urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels are depressed in chronic migraine and several comorbidities. Headache 2010; 50: 413-9.
49. PERNAMBUCO AP, SCHETINO LP, VIANA RS, CARVALHO LS, D'ÁVILA REIS D: The involvement of melatonin in the clinical status of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33 (Suppl. 88): S14-19.
50. de ZANETTE SA, VERCELINO R, LASTE G et al.: Melatonin analgesia is associated with improvement of the descending endogenous pain-modulating system in fibromyalgia: a phase II, randomized, double-dummy, controlled trial. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 15: 40.
51. SRINIVASAN V, LAUTERBACH EC, HO KY, ACUÑA-CASTROVIEJO D, ZAKARIA R, BRZEZINSKI A: Melatonin in antinociception: its therapeutic applications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 10: 167-78.
52. MOORE D, WAHL R, LEVY P: Hypovitaminosis D presenting as diffuse myalgia in a 22-year-old woman: a case report. J Emerg Med 2014; 46.
53. KNUTSEN KV, MADAR AA, BREKKE M et al.: Effect of vitamin D on musculoskeletal pain and headache: A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial among adult ethnic minorities in Norway. Pain 2014; 155: 2591-8.
54. HIRANI V, BLYTH FM, NAGANATHAN V et al.: Active vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D) is associated with chronic pain in older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70: 385-93.
55. TAGUE SE, CLARKE GL, WINTER MK, Mc-CARSON KE, WRIGHT DE, SMITH PG: Vitamin D deficiency promotes skeletal muscle hypersensitivity and sensory hyperinnervation. J Neurosci 2011; 31: 13728-38.
56. OKUMUS M, KOYBASI M, TUNCAY F et al.: Fibromyalgia syndrome: is it related to vitamin D deficiency in premenopausal female patients? Pain Manag Nurs 2013; 14: e156-63.
57. Al-JARALLAH K, SHEHAB D, ABRAHAM M, MOJIMINIYI OA, ABDELLA NA: Musculoskeletal pain: should physicians test for vitamin D level? Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 16: 193-7.
58. OLAMA SM, SENNA MK, ELARMAN MM, ELHAWARY G: Serum vitamin D level and bone mineral density in premenopausal Egyptian women with fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33: 185-92.
59. MATTHANA MH: The relation between vitamin D deficiency and fibromyalgia syndrome in women. Saudi Med J 2011; 32: 925-9.
60. ABOKRYSHA NT: Vitamin D deficiency in women with fibromyalgia in Saudi Arabia. Pain Med 2012; 13: 452-8.
61. JESUS CA, FEDER D, PERES MF: The role of vitamin D in pathophysiology and treatment of fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013; 17: 355.
62. PORTER NS, JASON LA, BOULTON A, BOTHNE N, COLEMAN B: Alternative medical interventions used in the treatment and management of myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16: 235-49.
63. BENNETT RM, JONES J, TURK DC, RUSSELL IJ, MATALLANA L: An internet survey of 2,596 people with fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007; 8: 27.
64. KAARTINEN K, LAMMI K, HYPEN M, NENONEN M, HANNINEN O, RAUMA AL: Vegan diet alleviates fibromyalgia symptoms. Scand J Rheumatol 2000; 29: 308-13.
65. HÄNNINEN O, KAARTINEN K, RAUMA AL et al.: Antioxidants in vegan diet and rheumatic disorders. Toxicology 2000; 155: 45-53.
66. DONALDSON MS, SPEIGHT N, LOOMIS S: Fibromyalgia syndrome improved using a mostly raw vegetarian diet: an observational study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2001; 1: 7.
67. AZAD KA, ALAM MN, HAQ SA et al.: Vegetarian diet in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2000; 26: 41-7.
68. MICHALSEN A, RIEGERT M, LÜDTKE R et al.: Mediterranean diet or extended fasting's influence on changing the intestinal microflora, immunoglobulin A secretion and clinical outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia: an observational study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2005; 5: 22.
69. SMITH JD, TERPENING CM, SCHMIDT SO, GUMS JG: Relief of fibromyalgia symptoms following discontinuation of dietary excitotoxins. Ann Pharmacother 2001; 35: 702-6.
70. HOLTON KF, TAREN DL, THOMSON CA, BENNETT RM, JONES KD: The effect of dietary glutamate on fibromyalgia and irritable bowel symptoms. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012; 30: 10-7.
71. CIAPPUCCINI R, ANSEMANT T, MAILLEFERT JF, TAVERNIER C, ORNETTI P: Aspartame-induced fibromyalgia, an unusual but curable cause of chronic pain. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010; 28 (Suppl. 63): S131-3.
72. VELLISCA MY, LATORRE JI: Monosodium glutamate and aspartame in perceived pain in fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34: 1011-3.
73. HAUSTEINER-WIEHLE C, HENNINGSEN P: Irritable bowel syndrome: relations with functional, mental, and somatoform disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 6024-30.
74. TOVOLI F, GIAMPAOLO L, CAIO G et al.: Fibromyalgia and coeliac disease: a media hype or an emerging clinical problem? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31: S50-2.
75. TAUBMAN B, MAMULA P, SHERRY DD: Prevalence of asymptomatic celiac disease in children with fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011; 9: 11.
76. RODRIGO L, BLANCO I, BOBES J, DE SERRES FJ: Clinical impact of a gluten-free diet on health-related quality of life in seven fibromyalgia syndrome patients with associated celiac disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13: 157.
77. ISASI C, COLMENERO I, CASCO F et al.: Fibromyalgia and non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a description with remission of fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34: 1607-12.
78. RODRIGO L, BLANCO I, BOBES J, de SERRES FJ: Effect of one year of a gluten-free diet on the clinical evolution of irritable bowel syndrome plus fibromyalgia in patients with associated lymphocytic enteritis: a case control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16: 421.
79. SLIM M, MOLINA-BAREA R, GARCIA-LEIVA JM et al.: The effects of gluten-free diet versus hypocaloric diet among patients with fibromyalgia experiencing gluten sensitivity symptoms: Protocol for a pilot, open-label, randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2014; 40C: 193-8.
80. ARNOLD LM, HUDSON JI, KECK PE, AUCHENBACH MB, JAVARAS KN, HESS EV: Comorbidity of fibromyalgia and psychiatric disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 1219-25.
81. JAVARAS KN, POPE HG, LALONDE JK et al.: Co-occurrence of binge eating disorder with psychiatric and medical disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69: 266-73.
82. SENNA MK, AHMAD HS, FATHI W: Depression in obese patients with primary fibromyalgia: the mediating role of poor sleep and eating disorder features. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32: 369-75.
83. da SILVA SG, SARNI RO, de SOUZA FI et al.: Assessment of nutritional status and eating disorders in female adolescents with fibromyalgia. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51: 524-7.
84. HOMANN D, CARVALHO HM, STEFANELLO JM et al.: Hyperleptinemia independent of body adiposity in women with fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34: 1593-8.
85. APARICIO VA, ORTEGA FB, HEREDIA JM, CARBONELL-BAEZA A, DELGADOFERNÁNDEZ M: Analysis of the body composition of Spanish women with fibromyalgia. Reumatol Clin 2011; 7: 7-12.
86. BENNETT RM, JONES J, TURK DC, RUSSELL IJ, MATALLANA L: An internet survey of 2,596 people with fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007; 8: 27.
87. URSINI F, NATY S, GREMBIALE RD: Fibromyalgia and obesity: the hidden link. Rheumatol Int 2011; 31: 1403-8.
88. KIM CH, LUEDTKE CA, VINCENT A, THOMPSON JM, OH TH: Association of body mass index with symptom severity and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64: 222-8.
89. ARRANZ L, CANELA MA, RAFECAS M: Relationship between body mass index, fat mass and lean mass with SF-36 quality of life scores in a group of fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32: 3605-11.
90. OKIFUJI A, DONALDSON GW, BARCK L, FINE PG: Relationship between fibromyalgia and obesity in pain, function, mood, and sleep. J Pain 2010; 11: 1329-37.
91. YUNUS MB, ARSLAN S, ALDAG JC: Relationship between body mass index and fibromyalgia features. Scand J Rheumatol 2002; 31: 27-31.
92. MENGSHOEL AM, HAUGEN M: Health status in fibromyalgia--a followup study. J Rheumatol 2001; 28: 2085-9.
93. KIM CH, LUEDTKE CA, VINCENT A, THOMPSON JM, OH TH: Association between body mass index and response to a brief interdisciplinary treatment program in fibromyalgia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 91: 574-83.
94. APARICIO VA, ORTEGA FB, CARBONELLBAEZA A et al.: Fibromyalgia's key symptoms in normal-weight, overweight, and obese female patients. Pain Manag Nurs 2013; 14: 268-76.
95. OKIFUJI A, DONALDSON GW, BARCK L, FINE PG: Relationship between fibromyalgia and obesity in pain, function, mood, and sleep. J Pain 2010; 11: 1329-37.
96. CORDERO MD, ALCOCER-GÓMEZ E, CANOGARCÍA FJ et al.: Clinical symptoms in fibromyalgia are associated to overweight and lipid profile. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34: 419-22.
97. URSINI F, NATY S, GREMBIALE RD: Fibromyalgia and obesity: the hidden link. Rheumatol Int 2011; 31: 1403-8.
98. SHAVER JL, WILBUR J, ROBINSON FP, WANG E, BUNTIN MS: Women's health issues with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006; 15: 1035-45.
99. NEUMANN L, LERNER E, GLAZER Y, BOLOTIN A, SHEFER A, BUSKILA D: A crosssectional study of the relationship between body mass index and clinical characteristics, tenderness measures, quality of life, and physical functioning in fibromyalgia patients. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 27: 1543-7.
100. SHAVER JL, WILBUR J, ROBINSON FP, WANG E, BUNTIN MS: Women's health issues with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006; 15: 1035-45.
101. PRZEKOP P, HAVILAND MG, MORTON KR, ODA K, FRASER GE: Correlates of perceived pain-related restrictions among women with fibromyalgia. Pain Med 2010; 11: 1698-706.
102. TIMMERMAN GM, CALFA NA, STUIFBERGEN AK: Correlates of body mass index in women with fibromyalgia. Orthop Nurs 2013; 32: 113-9.
103. KIM CH, LUEDTKE CA, VINCENT A, THOMPSON JM, OH TH: Association of body mass index with symptom severity and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64: 222-8.
104. OKIFUJI A, BRADSHAW DH, OLSON C: Evaluating obesity in fibromyalgia: neuroendocrine biomarkers, symptoms, and functions. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28: 475-8.
105. APARICIO VA, SEGURA-JIMÉNEZ V, ALVAREZ-GALLARDO IC et al.: Are there differences in quality of life, symptomatology and functional capacity among different obesity classes in women with fibromyalgia? The al-Ándalus project. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34: 811-21.
106. ARRANZ L, CANELA MA, RAFECAS M: Relationship between body mass index, fat mass and lean mass with SF-36 quality of life scores in a group of fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32: 3605-11.
107. WALKER GE, MARZULLO P, RICOTTI R, BONA G, PRODAM F: The pathophysiology of abdominal adipose tissue depots in health and disease. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 19: 57-74.
108. POWELL K: Obesity: the two faces of fat. Nature 2007; 447: 525-7.
109. OKIFUJI A, BRADSHAW DH, OLSON C: Evaluating obesity in fibromyalgia: neuroendocrine biomarkers, symptoms, and functions. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28: 475-8.
110. HERNANDEZ ME, BECERRIL E, PEREZ M et al.: Proinflammatory cytokine levels in fibromyalgia patients are independent of body mass index. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3: 156.
111. XIAO Y, HAYNES WL, MICHALEK JE, RUSSELL IJ: Elevated serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in fibromyalgia syndrome patients correlate with body mass index, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33: 1259-64.
112. MENGSHOEL AM, HAUGEN M: Health status in fibromyalgia--a followup study. J Rheumatol 2001; 28: 2085-9.
113. GURER G, SENDUR OF, AY C: Serum lipid profile in fibromyalgia women. Clin Rheumatol 2006; 25: 300-3.
114. OZGOCMEN S, ARDICOGLU O: Lipid profile in patients with fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndromes. Yonsei Med J 2000; 41: 541-5.
115. FAVA A, PLASTINO M, CRISTIANO D et al.: Insulin resistance possible risk factor for cognitive impairment in fibromialgic patients. Metab Brain Dis 2013; 28: 619-27.
116. SENNA MK, AHMAD HS, FATHI W: Depression in obese patients with primary fibromyalgia: the mediating role of poor sleep and eating disorder features. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32: 369-75.
117. WEIR PT, HARLAN GA, NKOY FL et al.: The incidence of fibromyalgia and its associated comorbidities: a population-based retrospective cohort study based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. J Clin Rheumatol 2006; 12: 124-8.
118. ARNOLD LM, HUDSON JI, KECK PE, AUCHENBACH MB, JAVARAS KN, HESS EV: Comorbidity of fibromyalgia and psychiatric disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 1219-25.
119. JAVARAS KN, POPE HG, LALONDE JK et al.: Co-occurrence of binge eating disorder with psychiatric and medical disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69: 266-73.
120. APARICIO VA, ORTEGA FB, CARBONELLBAEZA A, CAMILETTI D, RUIZ JR, DELGADO-FERNÁNDEZ M: Relationship of weight status with mental and physical health in female fibromyalgia patients. Obes Facts 2011; 4: 443-8.
121. de ARAÚJO TA, MOTA MC, CRISPIM CA: Obesity and sleepiness in women with fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int 2015; 35: 281-7.
122. SHAPIRO JR, ANDERSON DA, DANOFFBURG S: A pilot study of the effects of behavioral weight loss treatment on fibromyalgia symptoms. J Psychosom Res 2005; 59: 275-82.
123. SENNA MK, SALLAM RA, ASHOUR HS, ELARMAN M: Effect of weight reduction on the quality of life in obese patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31: 1591-7.
124. SABER AA, BOROS MJ, MANCL T, ELGAMAL MH, SONG S, WISADRATTANAPONG T: The effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on fibromyalgia. Obes Surg 2008; 18: 652-5.
125. HOOPER MM, STELLATO TA, HALLOWELL PT, SEITZ BA, MOSKOWITZ RW: Musculoskeletal findings in obese subjects before and after weight loss following bariatric surgery. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31: 114-20.
126. RIBEIRO LS, PROIETTI FA: Interrelations between fibromyalgia, thyroid autoantibodies, and depression. J Rheumatol 2004; 31: 2036-40.
127. BAZZICHI L, ROSSI A, GIULIANO T et al.: Association between thyroid autoimmunity and fibromyalgic disease severity. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 26: 2115-20.
128. URSINI F, NATY S, GREMBIALE RD: Fibromyalgia and obesity: the hidden link. Rheumatol Int 2011; 31: 1403-8.
129. LOWE JC, YELLIN J, HONEYMAN-LOWE G: Female fibromyalgia patients: lower resting metabolic rates than matched healthy controls. Med Sci Monit 2006; 12: CR282-9.
130. SENER U, UCOK K, ULASLI AM et al.: Evaluation of health-related physical fitness parameters and association analysis with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. Int J Rheum Dis 2013 Nov 30 [Epub ahead of print].