Biomaterials based strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering: Existing technologies and future trends

Biomaterials

Volumn 53, Issue , 2015, Pages 502-521

  Qazi, Taimoor H ^a,b   Mooney, David J ^c   Pumberger, Matthias ^a,b   Geißler, Sven ^a,b,d   Duda, Georg N ^a,b,d  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^b Berlin Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies   (Germany)

^c HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies   (Germany)

Author keywords

Hydrogels; In situ regeneration; Innervation; Patterned scaffolds; Progenitor cells; Vascularization

Indexed keywords

BIOACTIVITY; CELL ENGINEERING; CELLS; CYTOLOGY; HYDROGELS; SCAFFOLDS (BIOLOGY);

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE; INNERVATION; PATTERNED SUBSTRATES; PROGENITOR CELL; THREE DIMENSIONAL SCAFFOLD; TISSUE REORGANIZATION; VASCULARIZATION;

MUSCLE;

BIOMATERIAL;

CELL SURFACE; CELL THERAPY; ELECTROSPINNING; ELECTROSTIMULATION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HYDROGEL; INNERVATION; MECHANICAL STIMULATION; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; MUSCLE EXCITATION; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE INJURY; MUSCLE REGENERATION; MUSCLE TISSUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; STEM CELL; TISSUE ENGINEERING; TISSUE REGENERATION; VASCULARIZATION; CYTOLOGY; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; TISSUE SCAFFOLD;

ANIMALIA;

BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS; HUMANS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; TISSUE ENGINEERING; TISSUE SCAFFOLDS;

EID: 84927948603     PISSN: 01429612     EISSN: 18785905     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.110     Document Type: Review

References (227)

1. Jarvinen M.J., Lehto M.U. The effects of early mobilisation and immobilisation on the healing process following muscle injuries. Sports Med 1993, 15:78-89.
2. Relaix F., Zammit P.S. Satellite cells are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration: the cell on the edge returns centre stage. Development 2012, 139:2845-2856.
3. Brack A.S., Rando T.A. Tissue-specific stem cells: lessons from the skeletal muscle satellite cell. Cell Stem Cell 2012, 10:504-514.
4. Kuang S., Gillespie M.A., Rudnicki M.A. Niche regulation of muscle satellite cell self-renewal and differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2008, 2:22-31.
5. Shi X., Garry D.J. Muscle stem cells in development, regeneration, and disease. Genes Dev 2006, 20:1692-1708.
6. Charge S.B., Rudnicki M.A. Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. Physiol Rev 2004, 84:209-238.
7. Murphy M.M., Lawson J.A., Mathew S.J., Hutcheson D.A., Kardon G. Satellite cells, connective tissue fibroblasts and their interactions are crucial for muscle regeneration. Development 2011, 138:3625-3637.
8. Wang Y.X., Rudnicki M.A. Satellite cells, the engines of muscle repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012, 13:127-133.
9. Corona B.T., Wu X., Ward C.L., McDaniel J.S., Rathbone C.R., Walters T.J. The promotion of a functional fibrosis in skeletal muscle with volumetric muscle loss injury following the transplantation of muscle-ECM. Biomaterials 2013, 34:3324-3335.
10. Winkler T., von Roth P., Radojewski P., Urbanski A., Hahn S., Preininger B., et al. Immediate and delayed transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improve muscle force after skeletal muscle injury in rats. JTissue Eng Regen Med 2012, 6:60-67.
11. Mertens J.P., Sugg K.B., Lee J.D., Larkin L.M. Engineering muscle constructs for the creation of functional engineered musculoskeletal tissue. Regen Med 2014, 9:89-100.
12. Langer R., Vacanti J.P. Tissue engineering. Science 1993, 260:920-926.
13. Panyam J., Labhasetwar V. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery to cells and tissue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003, 55:329-347.
14. Curtis A., Wilkinson C. Topographical control of cells. Biomaterials 1997, 18:1573-1583.
15. Discher D.E., Janmey P., Wang Y.-l. Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate. Science 2005, 310:1139-1143.
16. Stern-Straeter J., Riedel F., Bran G., Hormann K., Goessler U.R. Advances in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. InVivo 2007, 21:435-444.
17. Kannan R.Y., Salacinski H.J., Sales K., Butler P., Seifalian A.M. The roles of tissue engineering and vascularisation in the development of micro-vascular networks: a review. Biomaterials 2005, 26:1857-1875.
18. Bian W., Bursac N. Tissue engineering of functional skeletal muscle: challenges and recent advances. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2008, 27:109-113.
19. McCullen S.D., Chow A.G., Stevens M.M. Invivo tissue engineering of musculoskeletal tissues. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011, 22:715-720.
20. Reinke S., Geissler S., Taylor W.R., Schmidt-Bleek K., Juelke K., Schwachmeyer V., et al. Terminally differentiated CD8(+) T cells negatively affect bone regeneration in humans. Sci Transl Med 2013, 5:177ra36.
21. Liu Y., Wang L., Kikuiri T., Akiyama K., Chen C., Xu X., et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue regeneration is governed by recipient T lymphocytes via IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Nat Med 2011, 17:1594-1601.
22. Grefte S., Kuijpers-Jagtman A.M., Torensma R., Von den Hoff J.W. Skeletal muscle fibrosis: the effect of stromal-derived factor-1α-loaded collagen scaffolds. Regen Med 2010, 5:737-747.
23. Williams M.L., Kostrominova T.Y., Arruda E.M., Larkin L.M. Effect of implantation on engineered skeletal muscle constructs. JTissue Eng Regen Med 2013, 7:434-442.
24. Jana S., Cooper A., Zhang M. Chitosan scaffolds with unidirectional microtubular pores for large skeletal myotube generation. Adv Healthc Mater 2013, 2:557-561.
25. Fishman J.M., Tyraskis A., Maghsoudlou P., Urbani L., Totonelli G., Birchall M.A., et al. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering: which cell to use?. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2013, 19:503-515.
26. Shadrach J.L., Wagers A.J. Stem cells for skeletal muscle repair. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 2011, 366:2297-2306.
27. Bottinelli R., Reggiani C. Human skeletal muscle fibres: molecular and functional diversity. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2000, 73:195-262.
28. Schiaffino S., Reggiani C. Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles. Physiol Rev 2011, 91:1447-1531.
29. Ostrovidov S., Hosseini V., Ahadian S., Fujie T., Parthiban S.P., Ramalingam M., et al. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering: methods to form skeletal myotubes and their applications. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2014, 20:403-436.
30. Rakus D., Gizak A., Deshmukh A., Wiśniewski J.R. Absolute quantitative profiling of the key metabolic pathways in slow and fast skeletal muscle. JProteome Res 2015, 14:1400-1411.
31. Baylor S.M., Hollingworth S. Intracellular calcium movements during excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers. JGen Physiol 2012, 139:261-272.
32. Sandow A. Excitation-contraction coupling in muscular response. Yale J Biol Med 1952, 25:176-201.
33. Jarvinen T.A., Jarvinen T.L., Kaariainen M., Kalimo H., Jarvinen M. Muscle injuries: biology and treatment. Am J Sports Med 2005, 33:745-764.
34. Tidball J.G. Inflammatory cell response to acute muscle injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995, 27:1022-1032.
35. Toumi H., Best T.M. The inflammatory response: friend or enemy for muscle injury?. Br J Sports Med 2003, 37:284-286.
36. Philippou A., Maridaki M., Theos A., Koutsilieris M. Cytokines in muscle damage. Adv Clin Chem 2012, 58:49-87.
37. Chen S.E., Gerken E., Zhang Y., Zhan M., Mohan R.K., Li A.S., et al. Role of TNF-{alpha} signaling in regeneration of cardiotoxin-injured muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005, 289:C1179-C1187.
38. Kharraz Y., Guerra J., Mann C.J., Serrano A.L., Muñoz-Cánoves P. Macrophage plasticity and the role of inflammation in skeletal muscle repair. Mediat Inflamm 2013, 2013:9.
39. Novak M.L., Weinheimer-Haus E.M., Koh T.J. Macrophage activation and skeletal muscle healing following traumatic injury. JPathol 2014, 232:344-355.
40. Hawke T.J., Garry D.J. Myogenic satellite cells: physiology to molecular biology. JAppl Phys 2001, 91:534-551.
41. Tidball J.G., Villalta S.A. Regulatory interactions between muscle and the immune system during muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010, 298:R1173-R1187.
42. Malerba A., Pasut A., Frigo M., De Coppi P., Baroni M.D., Vitiello L. Macrophage-secreted factors enhance the invitro expansion of DMD muscle precursor cells while preserving their myogenic potential. Neurol Res 2010, 32:55-62.
43. Turner N.J., Badylak S.F. Regeneration of skeletal muscle. Cell Tissue Res 2012, 347:759-774.
44. Partridge T.A., Morgan J.E., Coulton G.R., Hoffman E.P., Kunkel L.M. Conversion of mdx myofibres from dystrophin-negative to -positive by injection of normal myoblasts. Nature 1989, 337:176-179.
45. Skuk D., Roy B., Goulet M., Chapdelaine P., Bouchard J.P., Roy R., et al. Dystrophin expression in myofibers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients following intramuscular injections of normal myogenic cells. Mol Ther 2004, 9:475-482.
46. Peault B., Rudnicki M., Torrente Y., Cossu G., Tremblay J.P., Partridge T., et al. Stem and progenitor cells in skeletal muscle development, maintenance, and therapy. Mol Ther 2007, 15:867-877.
47. Darabi R., Pan W., Bosnakovski D., Baik J., Kyba M., Perlingeiro R.C. Functional myogenic engraftment from mouse iPS cells. Stem Cell Rev 2011, 7:948-957.
48. Darabi R., Gehlbach K., Bachoo R.M., Kamath S., Osawa M., Kamm K.E., et al. Functional skeletal muscle regeneration from differentiating embryonic stem cells. Nat Med 2008, 14:134-143.
49. Zheng J.K., Wang Y., Karandikar A., Wang Q., Gai H., Liu A.L., et al. Skeletal myogenesis by human embryonic stem cells. Cell Res 2006, 16:713-722.
50. Boldrin L., Muntoni F., Morgan J.E. Are human and mouse satellite cells really the same?. JHistochem Cytochem 2010, 58:941-955.
51. Mauro A. Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers. JBiophys Biochem Cytol 1961, 9:493-495.
52. Montarras D., Morgan J., Collins C., Relaix F., Zaffran S., Cumano A., et al. Direct isolation of satellite cells for skeletal muscle regeneration. Science 2005, 309:2064-2067.
53. Cerletti M., Jurga S., Witczak C.A., Hirshman M.F., Shadrach J.L., Goodyear L.J., et al. Highly efficient, functional engraftment of skeletal muscle stem cells in dystrophic muscles. Cell 2008, 134:37-47.
54. Collins C.A., Olsen I., Zammit P.S., Heslop L., Petrie A., Partridge T.A., et al. Stem cell function, self-renewal, and behavioral heterogeneity of cells from the adult muscle satellite cell niche. Cell 2005, 122:289-301.
55. Sacco A., Doyonnas R., Kraft P., Vitorovic S., Blau H.M. Self-renewal and expansion of single transplanted muscle stem cells. Nature 2008, 456:502-506.
56. Renault V., Piron-Hamelin G., Forestier C., DiDonna S., Decary S., Hentati F., et al. Skeletal muscle regeneration and the mitotic clock. Exp Gerontol 2000, 35:711-719.
57. Gilbert P.M., Havenstrite K.L., Magnusson K.E.G., Sacco A., Leonardi N.A., Kraft P., et al. Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture. Science 2010, 329:1078-1081.
58. Urciuolo A., Quarta M., Morbidoni V., Gattazzo F., Molon S., Grumati P., et al. Collagen VI regulates satellite cell self-renewal and muscle regeneration. Nat Commun 2013, 4:1-13.
59. Pittenger M.F., Mackay A.M., Beck S.C., Jaiswal R.K., Douglas R., Mosca J.D., et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 1999, 284:143-147.
60. Dezawa M., Ishikawa H., Itokazu Y., Yoshihara T., Hoshino M., Takeda S.-i., et al. Bone marrow stromal cells generate muscle cells and repair muscle degeneration. Science 2005, 309:314-317.
61. Ferrari G., Cusella G., Angelis D., Coletta M., Paolucci E., Stornaiuolo A., et al. Muscle regeneration by bone marrow-derived myogenic progenitors. Science 1998, 279:1528-1530.
62. Bianco P., Cao X., Frenette P.S., Mao J.J., Robey P.G., Simmons P.J., et al. The meaning, the sense and the significance: translating the science of mesenchymal stem cells into medicine. Nat Med 2013, 19:35-42.
63. Goudenege S., Pisani D.F., Wdziekonski B., Di Santo J.P., Bagnis C., Dani C., et al. Enhancement of myogenic and muscle repair capacities of human adipose-derived stem cells with forced expression of MyoD. Mol Ther 2009, 17:1064-1072.
64. Musina R.A., Bekchanova E.S., Belyavskii A.V., Sukhikh G.T. Differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells of different origin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006, 141:147-151.
65. von Roth P., Duda G.N., Radojewski P., Preininger B., Strohschein K., Rohner E., et al. Intra-arterial MSC transplantation restores functional capacity after skeletal muscle trauma. Open Orthop J 2012, 6:352-356.
66. Matziolis G., Winkler T., Schaser K., Wiemann M., Krocker D., Tuischer J., et al. Autologous bone marrow-derived cells enhance muscle strength following skeletal muscle crush injury in rats. Tissue Eng 2006, 12:361-367.
67. Winkler T., von Roth P., Matziolis G., Mehta M., Perka C., Duda G.N. Dose-response relationship of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and functional regeneration after severe skeletal muscle injury in rats. Tissue Eng Part A 2009, 15:487-492.
68. De Bari C., Dell'Accio F., Vandenabeele F., Vermeesch J.R., Raymackers J.M., Luyten F.P. Skeletal muscle repair by adult human mesenchymal stem cells from synovial membrane. JCell Biol 2003, 160:909-918.
69. Koponen J.K., Kekarainen T., Heinonen S.E., Laitinen A., Nystedt J., Laine J., et al. Umbilical cord blood-derived progenitor cells enhance muscle regeneration in mouse hindlimb ischemia model. Mol Ther 2007, 15:2172-2177.
70. Natsu K., Ochi M., Mochizuki Y., Hachisuka H., Yanada S., Yasunaga Y. Allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells promote the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle without differentiation into myofibers. Tissue Eng 2004, 10:1093-1112.
71. Sassoli C., Zecchi-Orlandini S., Formigli L. Trophic actions of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for muscle repair/regeneration. Cells 2012, 1:832-850.
72. Gnecchi M., Zhang Z., Ni A., Dzau V.J. Paracrine mechanisms in adult stem cell signaling and therapy. Circ Res 2008, 103:1204-1219.
73. Smythe G.M., Hodgetts S.I., Grounds M.D. Immunobiology and the future of myoblast transfer therapy. Mol Ther 2000, 1:304-313.
74. Fan Y., Maley M., Beilharz M., Grounds M. Rapid death of injected myoblasts in myoblast transfer therapy. Muscle Nerve 1996, 19:853-860.
75. Guerette B., Asselin I., Vilquin J.T., Roy R., Tremblay J.P. Lymphocyte infiltration following allo- and xenomyoblast transplantation in mdx mice. Muscle Nerve 1995, 18:39-51.
76. Guerette B., Asselin I., Skuk D., Entman M., Tremblay J.P. Control of inflammatory damage by anti-LFA-1: increase success of myoblast transplantation. Cell Transpl 1997, 6:101-107.
77. Weir M.R., Fink J.C. Risk for posttransplant diabetes mellitus with current immunosuppressive medications. Am J Kidney Dis 1999, 34:1-13.
78. Hernández R.M., Orive G., Murua A., Pedraz J.L. Microcapsules and microcarriers for in situ cell delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010, 62:711-730.
79. Murua A., Portero A., Orive G., Hernández R.M., de Castro M., Pedraz J.L. Cell microencapsulation technology: towards clinical application. JControl Release 2008, 132:76-83.
80. Geissler S., Textor M., Schmidt-Bleek K., Klein O., Thiele M., Ellinghaus A., et al. In serum veritas-in serum sanitas? Cell non-autonomous aging compromises differentiation and survival of mesenchymal stromal cells via the oxidative stress pathway. Cell Death Dis 2013, 4:e970.
81. Kasper G., Mao L., Geissler S., Draycheva A., Trippens J., Kuhnisch J., et al. Insights into mesenchymal stem cell aging: involvement of antioxidant defense and actin cytoskeleton. Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio) 2009, 27:1288-1297.
82. Geissler S., Textor M., Kuhnisch J., Konnig D., Klein O., Ode A., et al. Functional comparison of chronological and invitro aging: differential role of the cytoskeleton and mitochondria in mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2012, 7:e52700.
83. Boldrin L., Malerba A., Vitiello L., Cimetta E., Piccoli M., Messina C., et al. Efficient delivery of human single fiber-derived muscle precursor cells via biocompatible scaffold. Cell Transpl 2008, 17:577-584.
84. Boldrin L., Elvassore N., Malerba A., Flaibani M., Cimetta E., Piccoli M., et al. Satellite cells delivered by micro-patterned scaffolds: a new strategy for cell transplantation in muscle diseases. Tissue Eng 2007, 13:253-262.
85. Borselli C., Cezar C.A., Shvartsman D., Vandenburgh H.H., Mooney D.J. The role of multifunctional delivery scaffold in the ability of cultured myoblasts to promote muscle regeneration. Biomaterials 2011, 32:8905-8914.
86. Hill E., Boontheekul T., Mooney D.J. Designing scaffolds to enhance transplanted myoblast survival and migration. Tissue Eng 2006, 12:1295-1304.
87. Hill E., Boontheekul T., Mooney D.J. Regulating activation of transplanted cells controls tissue regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103:2494-2499.
88. Ma J., Holden K., Zhu J., Pan H., Li Y. The application of three-dimensional collagen-scaffolds seeded with myoblasts to repair skeletal muscle defects. JBiomed Biotechnol 2011, 812135:12.
89. Huang N.F., Patel S., Thakar R.G., Wu J., Hsiao B.S., Chu B., et al. Myotube assembly on nanofibrous and micropatterned polymers. Nano Lett 2006, 6:537-542.
90. Dugan J.M., Collins R.F., Gough J.E., Eichhorn S.J. Oriented surfaces of adsorbed cellulose nanowhiskers promote skeletal muscle myogenesis. Acta Biomater 2013, 9:4707-4715.
91. Beier J.P., Klumpp D., Rudisile M., Dersch R., Wendorff J.H., Bleiziffer O., et al. Collagen matrices from sponge to nano: new perspectives for tissue engineering of skeletal muscle. BMC Biotechnol 2009, 9:1472-6750.
92. Choi J.S., Lee S.J., Christ G.J., Atala A., Yoo J.J. The influence of electrospun aligned poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/collagen nanofiber meshes on the formation of self-aligned skeletal muscle myotubes. Biomaterials 2008, 29:2899-2906.
93. Aviss K.J., Gough J.E., Downes S. Aligned electrospun polymer fibres for skeletal muscle regeneration. Eur Cell Mater 2010, 19:193-204.
94. Jun I., Jeong S., Shin H. The stimulation of myoblast differentiation by electrically conductive sub-micron fibers. Biomaterials 2009, 30:2038-2047.
95. Chen M.C., Sun Y.C., Chen Y.H. Electrically conductive nanofibers with highly oriented structures and their potential application in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2013, 9:5562-5572.
96. Ku S.H., Lee S.H., Park C.B. Synergic effects of nanofiber alignment and electroactivity on myoblast differentiation. Biomaterials 2012, 33:6098-6104.
97. Page R.L., Malcuit C., Vilner L., Vojtic I., Shaw S., Hedblom E., et al. Restoration of skeletal muscle defects with adult human cells delivered on fibrin microthreads. Tissue Eng Part A 2011, 17:2629-2640.
98. Neumann T., Hauschka S.D., Sanders J.E. Tissue engineering of skeletal muscle using polymer fiber arrays. Tissue Eng 2003, 9:995-1003.
99. Huang N.F., Lee R.J., Li S. Engineering of aligned skeletal muscle by micropatterning. Am J Transl Res 2010, 2:43-55.
100. Hosseini V., Ahadian S., Ostrovidov S., Camci-Unal G., Chen S., Kaji H., et al. Engineered contractile skeletal muscle tissue on a microgrooved methacrylated gelatin substrate. Tissue Eng Part A 2012, 18:2453-2465.
101. Monge C., Ren K., Berton K., Guillot R., Peyrade D., Picart C. Engineering muscle tissues on microstructured polyelectrolyte multilayer films. Tissue Eng Part A 2012, 18:1664-1676.
102. Zhao Y., Zeng H., Nam J., Agarwal S. Fabrication of skeletal muscle constructs by topographic activation of cell alignment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009, 102:624-631.
103. Yang H.S., Ieronimakis N., Tsui J.H., Kim H.N., Suh K.Y., Reyes M., et al. Nanopatterned muscle cell patches for enhanced myogenesis and dystrophin expression in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. Biomaterials 2014, 35:1478-1486.
104. Kroehne V., Heschel I., Schugner F., Lasrich D., Bartsch J.W., Jockusch H. Use of a novel collagen matrix with oriented pore structure for muscle cell differentiation in cell culture and in grafts. JCell Mol Med 2008, 12:1640-1648.
105. Wang L., Cao L., Shansky J., Wang Z., Mooney D., Vandenburgh H. Minimally invasive approach to the repair of injured skeletal muscle with a shape-memory scaffold. Mol Ther 2014, 22:1441-1449.
106. Rossi C.A., Flaibani M., Blaauw B., Pozzobon M., Figallo E., Reggiani C., et al. Invivo tissue engineering of functional skeletal muscle by freshly isolated satellite cells embedded in a photopolymerizable hydrogel. Faseb J 2011, 25:2296-2304.
107. Liu J., Xu H.H., Zhou H., Weir M.D., Chen Q., Trotman C.A. Human umbilical cord stem cell encapsulation in novel macroporous and injectable fibrin for muscle tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2013, 9:4688-4697.
108. Beier J.P., Stern-Straeter J., Foerster V.T., Kneser U., Stark G.B., Bach A.D. Tissue engineering of injectable muscle: three-dimensional myoblast-fibrin injection in the syngeneic rat animal model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006, 118:1113-1121.
109. Liu J., Zhou H., Weir M.D., Xu H.H., Chen Q., Trotman C.A. Fast-degradable microbeads encapsulating human umbilical cord stem cells in alginate for muscle tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2012, 18:2303-2314.
110. Kim M.H., Hong H.N., Hong J.P., Park C.J., Kwon S.W., Kim S.H., et al. The effect of VEGF on the myogenic differentiation of adipose tissue derived stem cells within thermosensitive hydrogel matrices. Biomaterials 2010, 31:1213-1218.
111. Perniconi B., Costa A., Aulino P., Teodori L., Adamo S., Coletti D. The pro-myogenic environment provided by whole organ scale acellular scaffolds from skeletal muscle. Biomaterials 2011, 32:7870-7882.
112. Wolf M.T., Daly K.A., Reing J.E., Badylak S.F. Biologic scaffold composed of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 2012, 33:2916-2925.
113. De Coppi P., Bellini S., Conconi M.T., Sabatti M., Simonato E., Gamba P.G., et al. Myoblast-acellular skeletal muscle matrix constructs guarantee a long-term repair of experimental full-thickness abdominal wall defects. Tissue Eng 2006, 12:1929-1936.
114. Borschel G.H., Dennis R.G., Kuzon W.M. Contractile skeletal muscle tissue-engineered on an acellular scaffold. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004, 113:595-602.
115. Conconi M.T., De Coppi P., Bellini S., Zara G., Sabatti M., Marzaro M., et al. Homologous muscle acellular matrix seeded with autologous myoblasts as a tissue-engineering approach to abdominal wall-defect repair. Biomaterials 2005, 26:2567-2574.
116. Machingal M.A., Corona B.T., Walters T.J., Kesireddy V., Koval C.N., Dannahower A., et al. Atissue-engineered muscle repair construct for functional restoration of an irrecoverable muscle injury in a murine model. Tissue Eng Part A 2011, 17:2291-2303.
117. Corona B.T., Ward C.L., Baker H.B., Walters T.J., Christ G.J. Implantation of invitro tissue engineered muscle repair constructs and bladder acellular matrices partially restore invivo skeletal muscle function in a rat model of volumetric muscle loss injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2014, 20:705-715.
118. Merritt E.K., Cannon M.V., Hammers D.W., Le L.N., Gokhale R., Sarathy A., et al. Repair of traumatic skeletal muscle injury with bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded on extracellular matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2010, 16:2871-2881.
119. DeQuach J.A., Lin J.E., Cam C., Hu D., Salvatore M.A., Sheikh F., et al. Injectable skeletal muscle matrix hydrogel promotes neovascularization and muscle cell infiltration in a hindlimb ischemia model. Eur Cell Mater 2012, 23:400-412.
120. Mase V.J., Hsu J.R., Wolf S.E., Wenke J.C., Baer D.G., Owens J., et al. Clinical application of an acellular biologic scaffold for surgical repair of a large, traumatic quadriceps femoris muscle defect. Orthopedics 2010, 33:511.
121. Sicari B.M., Rubin J.P., Dearth C.L., Wolf M.T., Ambrosio F., Boninger M., et al. An acellular biologic scaffold promotes skeletal muscle formation in mice and humans with volumetric muscle loss. Sci Transl Med 2014, 6:234ra58.
122. Crapo P.M., Gilbert T.W., Badylak S.F. An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes. Biomaterials 2011, 32:3233-3243.
123. Kuraitis D., Zhang P., Zhang Y., Padavan D.T., McEwan K., Sofrenovic T., et al. Astromal cell-derived factor-1 releasing matrix enhances the progenitor cell response and blood vessel growth in ischaemic skeletal muscle. Eur Cell Mater 2011, 22:109-123.
124. Borselli C., Storrie H., Benesch-Lee F., Shvartsman D., Cezar C., Lichtman J.W., et al. Functional muscle regeneration with combined delivery of angiogenesis and myogenesis factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:3287-3292.
125. Nair L.S., Laurencin C.T. Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials. Prog Polym Sci 2007, 32:762-798.
126. Hubbell J.A., Thomas S.N., Swartz M.A. Materials engineering for immunomodulation. Nature 2009, 462:449-460.
127. Kearney C.J., Mooney D.J. Macroscale delivery systems for molecular and cellular payloads. Nat Mater 2013, 12:1004-1017.
128. Rowley J.A., Mooney D.J. Alginate type and RGD density control myoblast phenotype. JBiomed Mater Res 2002, 60:217-223.
129. Aubin H., Nichol J.W., Hutson C.B., Bae H., Sieminski A.L., Cropek D.M., et al. Directed 3D cell alignment and elongation in microengineered hydrogels. Biomaterials 2010, 31:6941-6951.
130. Radisic M., Park H., Shing H., Consi T., Schoen F.J., Langer R., et al. Functional assembly of engineered myocardium by electrical stimulation of cardiac myocytes cultured on scaffolds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101:18129-18134.
131. Wilschut K.J., Haagsman H.P., Roelen B.A. Extracellular matrix components direct porcine muscle stem cell behavior. Exp Cell Res 2010, 316:341-352.
132. Brady M.A., Lewis M.P., Mudera V. Synergy between myogenic and non-myogenic cells in a 3D tissue-engineered craniofacial skeletal muscle construct. JTissue Eng Regen Med 2008, 2:408-417.
133. van Wachem P.B., van Luyn M.J., da Costa M.L. Myoblast seeding in a collagen matrix evaluated invitro. JBiomed Mater Res 1996, 30:353-360.
134. Liu G., Wang X., Sun X., Deng C., Atala A., Zhang Y. The effect of urine-derived stem cells expressing VEGF loaded in collagen hydrogels on myogenesis and innervation following after subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Biomaterials 2013, 34:8617-8629.
135. Smith A.S., Passey S., Greensmith L., Mudera V., Lewis M.P. Characterization and optimization of a simple, repeatable system for the long term invitro culture of aligned myotubes in 3D. JCell Biochem 2012, 113:1044-1053.
136. Thorrez L., Shansky J., Wang L., Fast L., VandenDriessche T., Chuah M., et al. Growth, differentiation, transplantation and survival of human skeletal myofibers on biodegradable scaffolds. Biomaterials 2008, 29:75-84.
137. Cronin E.M., Thurmond F.A., Bassel-Duby R., Williams R.S., Wright W.E., Nelson K.D., et al. Protein-coated poly(L-lactic acid) fibers provide a substrate for differentiation of human skeletal muscle cells. JBiomed Mater Res A 2004, 69:373-381.
138. Kim M., Choi Y.S., Yang S.H., Hong H.N., Cho S.W., Cha S.M., et al. Muscle regeneration by adipose tissue-derived adult stem cells attached to injectable PLGA spheres. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006, 348:386-392.
139. Saxena A.K., Marler J., Benvenuto M., Willital G.H., Vacanti J.P. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering using isolated myoblasts on synthetic biodegradable polymers: preliminary studies. Tissue Eng 1999, 5:525-532.
140. Saxena A.K., Willital G.H., Vacanti J.P. Vascularized three-dimensional skeletal muscle tissue-engineering. Biomed Mater Eng 2001, 11:275-281.
141. Kamelger F.S., Marksteiner R., Margreiter E., Klima G., Wechselberger G., Hering S., et al. Acomparative study of three different biomaterials in the engineering of skeletal muscle using a rat animal model. Biomaterials 2004, 25:1649-1655.
142. Bandyopadhyay B., Shah V., Soram M., Viswanathan C., Ghosh D. Invitro and invivo evaluation of L-lactide/ε-caprolactone copolymer scaffold to support myoblast growth and differentiation. Biotechnol Prog 2013, 29:197-205.
143. Mulder M.M., Hitchcock R.W., Tresco P.A. Skeletal myogenesis on elastomeric substrates: implications for tissue engineering. JBiomater Sci Polym Ed 1998, 9:731-748.
144. Vandenburgh H., Shansky J., Benesch-Lee F., Barbata V., Reid J., Thorrez L., et al. Drug-screening platform based on the contractility of tissue-engineered muscle. Muscle Nerve 2008, 37:438-447.
145. Huang Z.-M., Zhang Y.Z., Kotaki M., Ramakrishna S. Areview on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 2003, 63:2223-2253.
146. Ladd M.R., Lee S.J., Stitzel J.D., Atala A., Yoo J.J. Co-electrospun dual scaffolding system with potential for muscle-tendon junction tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2011, 32:1549-1559.
147. Kim M.S., Jun I., Shin Y.M., Jang W., Kim S.I., Shin H. The development of genipin-crosslinked poly(caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin nanofibers for tissue engineering applications. Macromol Biosci 2010, 10:91-100.
148. Riboldi S.A., Sampaolesi M., Neuenschwander P., Cossu G., Mantero S. Electrospun degradable polyesterurethane membranes: potential scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2005, 26:4606-4615.
149. Sempf K., Arrey T., Gelperina S., Schorge T., Meyer B., Karas M., et al. Adsorption of plasma proteins on uncoated PLGA nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm Off J Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik eV 2013, 85:53-60.
150. Balint R., Cassidy N.J., Cartmell S.H. Conductive polymers: towards a smart biomaterial for tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2014, 10:2341-2353.
151. Shah R., Sinanan A.C.M., Knowles J.C., Hunt N.P., Lewis M.P. Craniofacial muscle engineering using a 3-dimensional phosphate glass fibre construct. Biomaterials 2005, 26:1497-1505.
152. Shah R., Knowles J.C., Hunt N.P., Lewis M.P. Development of a novel smart scaffold for human skeletal muscle regeneration. JTissue Eng Regen Med 2013, [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1002/term.1780.
153. Hong Y., Takanari K., Amoroso N.J., Hashizume R., Brennan-Pierce E.P., Freund J.M., et al. An elastomeric patch electrospun from a blended solution of dermal extracellular matrix and biodegradable polyurethane for rat abdominal wall repair. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012, 18:122-132.
154. Papenburg B.J., Vogelaar L., Bolhuis-Versteeg L.A., Lammertink R.G., Stamatialis D., Wessling M. One-step fabrication of porous micropatterned scaffolds to control cell behavior. Biomaterials 2007, 28:1998-2009.
155. Flemming R.G., Murphy C.J., Abrams G.A., Goodman S.L., Nealey P.F. Effects of synthetic micro- and nano-structured surfaces on cell behavior. Biomaterials 1999, 20:573-588.
156. Lim J.Y., Donahue H.J. Cell sensing and response to micro- and nanostructured surfaces produced by chemical and topographic patterning. Tissue Eng 2007, 13:1879-1891.
157. Clark P., Connolly P., Curtis A.S., Dow J.A., Wilkinson C.D. Topographical control of cell behaviour: II. Multiple grooved substrata. Dev Camb Engl 1990, 108:635-644.
158. Bian W., Liau B., Badie N., Bursac N. Mesoscopic hydrogel molding to control the 3D geometry of bioartificial muscle tissues. Nat Protoc 2009, 4:1522-1534.
159. Takahashi H., Shimizu T., Nakayama M., Yamato M., Okano T. The use of anisotropic cell sheets to control orientation during the self-organization of 3D muscle tissue. Biomaterials 2013, 34:7372-7380.
160. Bian W., Bursac N. Engineered skeletal muscle tissue networks with controllable architecture. Biomaterials 2009, 30:1401-1412.
161. Chen-Ching Y., Kuang-Jen M., Kuei-Chi L., Hsi-Hsin C., Huai-En L., Ching-Ping T., et al. Submicron-grooved culture surface extends myotube length by forming parallel and elongated motif. Micro Nano Lett IET 2013, 8:440-444.
162. Patz T.M., Doraiswamy A., Narayan R.J., Modi R., Chrisey D.B. Two-dimensional differential adherence and alignment of C2C12 myoblasts. Mater Sci Eng B 2005, 123:242-247.
163. Ma P.X., Zhang R. Microtubular architecture of biodegradable polymer scaffolds. JBiomed Mater Res 2001, 56:469-477.
164. Hoffman A.S. Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2002, 54:3-12.
165. Lee K.Y., Mooney D.J. Hydrogels for tissue engineering. Chem Rev 2001, 101:1869-1879.
166. Drury J.L., Mooney D.J. Hydrogels for tissue engineering: scaffold design variables and applications. Biomaterials 2003, 24:4337-4351.
167. Kim J., Hadlock T., Cheney M., Varvares M., Marler J. Muscle tissue engineering for partial glossectomy defects. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2003, 5:403-407.
168. Hinds S., Bian W., Dennis R.G., Bursac N. The role of extracellular matrix composition in structure and function of bioengineered skeletal muscle. Biomaterials 2011, 32:3575-3583.
169. Salimath A.S., García A.J. Biofunctional hydrogels for skeletal muscle constructs. JTissue Eng Regen Med 2014, [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1002/term.1881.
170. Vandenburgh H.H., Karlisch P., Farr L. Maintenance of highly contractile tissue-cultured avian skeletal myotubes in collagen gel. InVitro Cell Dev Biol 1988, 24:166-174.
171. Cheema U., Yang S.Y., Mudera V., Goldspink G.G., Brown R.A. 3-D invitro model of early skeletal muscle development. Cell Motil Cytoskelet 2003, 54:226-236.
172. Rhim C., Lowell D.A., Reedy M.C., Slentz D.H., Zhang S.J., Kraus W.E., et al. Morphology and ultrastructure of differentiating three-dimensional mammalian skeletal muscle in a collagen gel. Muscle Nerve 2007, 36:71-80.
173. Okano T., Matsuda T. Muscular tissue engineering: capillary-incorporated hybrid muscular tissues invivo tissue culture. Cell Transpl 1998, 7:435-442.
174. Shapiro L., Cohen S. Novel alginate sponges for cell culture and transplantation. Biomaterials 1997, 18:583-590.
175. Wang W., Fan M., Zhang L., Liu S.H., Sun L., Wang C.Y. Compatibility of hyaluronic acid hydrogel and skeletal muscle myoblasts. Biomed Mater 2009, 4:1748-6041.
176. Fuoco C., Salvatori M.L., Biondo A., Shapira-Schweitzer K., Santoleri S., Antonini S., et al. Injectable polyethylene glycol-fibrinogen hydrogel adjuvant improves survival and differentiation of transplanted mesoangioblasts in acute and chronic skeletal-muscle degeneration. Skelet Muscle 2012, 2:2044-5040.
177. Borschel G.H., Dow D.E., Dennis R.G., Brown D.L. Tissue-engineered axially vascularized contractile skeletal muscle. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006, 117:2235-2242.
178. Badylak S.F., Gilbert T.W. Immune response to biologic scaffold materials. Semin Immunol 2008, 20:109-116.
179. Dennis R.G., Kosnik P.E. Excitability and isometric contractile properties of mammalian skeletal muscle constructs engineered invitro. InVitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2000, 36:327-335.
180. Takeshita S., Zheng L.P., Brogi E., Kearney M., Pu L.Q., Bunting S., et al. Therapeutic angiogenesis. A single intraarterial bolus of vascular endothelial growth factor augments revascularization in a rabbit ischemic hind limb model. JClin Invest 1994, 93:662-670.
181. Simons M., Bonow R.O., Chronos N.A., Cohen D.J., Giordano F.J., Hammond H.K., et al. Clinical trials in coronary angiogenesis: issues, problems, consensus: an expert panel summary. Circulation 2000, 102:E73-E86.
182. Brudno Y., Ennett-Shepard A.B., Chen R.R., Aizenberg M., Mooney D.J. Enhancing microvascular formation and vessel maturation through temporal control over multiple pro-angiogenic and pro-maturation factors. Biomaterials 2013, 34:9201-9209.
183. Richardson T.P., Peters M.C., Ennett A.B., Mooney D.J. Polymeric system for dual growth factor delivery. Nat Biotechnol 2001, 19:1029-1034.
184. Juhas M., Engelmayr G.C., Fontanella A.N., Palmer G.M., Bursac N. Biomimetic engineered muscle with capacity for vascular integration and functional maturation invivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2014, 111:5508-5513.
185. Bach A.D., Arkudas A., Tjiawi J., Polykandriotis E., Kneser U., Horch R.E., et al. Anew approach to tissue engineering of vascularized skeletal muscle. JCell Mol Med 2006, 10:716-726.
186. Messina A., Bortolotto S.K., Cassell O.C., Kelly J., Abberton K.M., Morrison W.A. Generation of a vascularized organoid using skeletal muscle as the inductive source. Faseb J 2005, 19:1570-1572.
187. Levenberg S., Rouwkema J., Macdonald M., Garfein E.S., Kohane D.S., Darland D.C., et al. Engineering vascularized skeletal muscle tissue. Nat Biotechnol 2005, 23:879-884.
188. Koffler J., Kaufman-Francis K., Shandalov Y., Egozi D., Amiad Pavlov D., Landesberg A., et al. Improved vascular organization enhances functional integration of engineered skeletal muscle grafts. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2011, 108:14789-14794.
189. Bian W., Bursac N. Soluble miniagrin enhances contractile function of engineered skeletal muscle. Faseb J 2012, 26:955-965.
190. Bach A.D., Beier J.P., Stark G.B. Expression of Trisk 51, agrin and nicotinic-acetycholine receptor epsilon-subunit during muscle development in a novel three-dimensional muscle-neuronal co-culture system. Cell Tissue Res 2003, 314:263-274.
191. Larkin L.M., Van der Meulen J.H., Dennis R.G., Kennedy J.B. Functional evaluation of nerve-skeletal muscle constructs engineered invitro. InVitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2006, 42:75-82.
192. Dhawan V., Lytle I.F., Dow D.E., Huang Y.C., Brown D.L. Neurotization improves contractile forces of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. Tissue Eng 2007, 13:2813-2821.
193. Wang L., Shansky J., Vandenburgh H. Induced formation and maturation of acetylcholine receptor clusters in a defined 3D bio-artificial muscle. Mol Neurobiol 2013, 48:397-403.
194. Morimoto Y., Kato-Negishi M., Onoe H., Takeuchi S. Three-dimensional neuron-muscle constructs with neuromuscular junctions. Biomaterials 2013, 34:9413-9419.
195. Turner N.J., Yates A.J., Weber D.J., Qureshi I.R., Stolz D.B., Gilbert T.W., et al. Xenogeneic extracellular matrix as an inductive scaffold for regeneration of a functioning musculotendinous junction. Tissue Eng Part A 2010, 16:3309-3317.
196. Shvartsman D., Storrie-White H., Lee K., Kearney C., Brudno Y., Ho N., et al. Sustained delivery of vegf maintains innervation and promotes reperfusion in ischemic skeletal muscles via NGF/GDNF signaling. Mol Ther 2014, 22:1243-1253.
197. Balint R., Cassidy N.J., Cartmell S.H. Electrical stimulation: a novel tool for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2013, 19:48-57.
198. Donnelly K., Khodabukus A., Philp A., Deldicque L., Dennis R.G., Baar K. Anovel bioreactor for stimulating skeletal muscle invitro. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010, 16:711-718.
199. Ashley Z., Salmons S., Boncompagni S., Protasi F., Russold M., Lanmuller H., et al. Effects of chronic electrical stimulation on long-term denervated muscles of the rabbit hind limb. JMuscle Res Cell Motil 2007, 28:203-217.
200. Dusterhoft S., Pette D. Effects of electrically induced contractile activity on cultured embryonic chick breast muscle cells. Differentiation 1990, 44:178-184.
201. Naumann K., Pette D. Effects of chronic stimulation with different impulse patterns on the expression of myosin isoforms in rat myotube cultures. Differentiation 1994, 55:203-211.
202. Wehrle U., Dusterhoft S., Pette D. Effects of chronic electrical stimulation on myosin heavy chain expression in satellite cell cultures derived from rat muscles of different fiber-type composition. Differentiation 1994, 58:37-46.
203. Fujita H., Nedachi T., Kanzaki M. Accelerated de novo sarcomere assembly by electric pulse stimulation in C2C12 myotubes. Exp Cell Res 2007, 313:1853-1865.
204. Pette D., Sketelj J., Skorjanc D., Leisner E., Traub I., Bajrovic F. Partial fast-to-slow conversion of regenerating rat fast-twitch muscle by chronic low-frequency stimulation. JMuscle Res Cell Motil 2002, 23:215-221.
205. Kaji H., Ishibashi T., Nagamine K., Kanzaki M., Nishizawa M. Electrically induced contraction of C2C12 myotubes cultured on a porous membrane-based substrate with muscle tissue-like stiffness. Biomaterials 2010, 31:6981-6986.
206. Stern-Straeter J., Bach A.D., Stangenberg L., Foerster V.T., Horch R.E., Stark G.B., et al. Impact of electrical stimulation on three-dimensional myoblast cultures - a real-time RT-PCR study. JCell Mol Med 2005, 9:883-892.
207. Langelaan M.L., Boonen K.J., Rosaria-Chak K.Y., van der Schaft D.W., Post M.J., Baaijens F.P. Advanced maturation by electrical stimulation: differences in response between C2C12 and primary muscle progenitor cells. JTissue Eng Regen Med 2011, 5:529-539.
208. Ahadian S., Ramon-Azcon J., Ostrovidov S., Camci-Unal G., Hosseini V., Kaji H., et al. Interdigitated array of Pt electrodes for electrical stimulation and engineering of aligned muscle tissue. Lab Chip 2012, 12:3491-3503.
209. Liao I.C., Liu J.B., Bursac N., Leong K.W. Effect of electromechanical stimulation on the maturation of myotubes on aligned electrospun fibers. Cell Mol Bioeng 2008, 1:133-145.
210. Serena E., Flaibani M., Carnio S., Boldrin L., Vitiello L., De Coppi P., et al. Electrophysiologic stimulation improves myogenic potential of muscle precursor cells grown in a 3D collagen scaffold. Neurol Res 2008, 30:207-214.
211. Qazi T.H., Rai R., Dippold D., Roether J.E., Schubert D.W., Rosellini E., et al. Development and characterization of novel electrically conductive PANI-PGS composites for cardiac tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2014, 10:2434-2445.
212. Gilmore K.J., Kita M., Han Y., Gelmi A., Higgins M.J., Moulton S.E., et al. Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation on polypyrrole substrates doped with extracellular matrix components. Biomaterials 2009, 30:5292-5304.
213. Breukers R.D., Gilmore K.J., Kita M., Wagner K.K., Higgins M.J., Moulton S.E., et al. Creating conductive structures for cell growth: growth and alignment of myogenic cell types on polythiophenes. JBiomed Mater Res A 2010, 95:256-268.
214. Rangarajan S., Madden L., Bursac N. Use of flow, electrical, and mechanical stimulation to promote engineering of striated muscles. Ann Biomed Eng 2013, 24:24.
215. Goldspink D.F., Cox V.M., Smith S.K., Eaves L.A., Osbaldeston N.J., Lee D.M., et al. Muscle growth in response to mechanical stimuli. Am J Phys 1995, 268:E288-E297.
216. Goldspink G., Scutt A., Loughna P.T., Wells D.J., Jaenicke T., Gerlach G.F. Gene expression in skeletal muscle in response to stretch and force generation. Am J Phys 1992, 262:R356-R363.
217. Okano T., Matsuda T. Tissue engineered skeletal muscle: preparation of highly dense, highly oriented hybrid muscular tissues. Cell Transpl 1998, 7:71-82.
218. Vandenburgh H.H., Karlisch P. Longitudinal growth of skeletal myotubes invitro in a new horizontal mechanical cell stimulator. InVitro Cell Dev Biol 1989, 25:607-616.
219. Vandenburgh H., Kaufman S. Invitro model for stretch-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. Science 1979, 203:265-268.
220. Auluck A., Mudera V., Hunt N.P., Lewis M.P. Athree-dimensional invitro model system to study the adaptation of craniofacial skeletal muscle following mechanostimulation. Eur J Oral Sci 2005, 113:218-224.
221. Powell C.A., Smiley B.L., Mills J., Vandenburgh H.H. Mechanical stimulation improves tissue-engineered human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002, 283:C1557-C1565.
222. Matsumoto T., Sasaki J., Alsberg E., Egusa H., Yatani H., Sohmura T. Three-dimensional cell and tissue patterning in a strained fibrin gel system. PLoS One 2007, 2.
223. Moon du G., Christ G., Stitzel J.D., Atala A., Yoo J.J. Cyclic mechanical preconditioning improves engineered muscle contraction. Tissue Eng Part A 2008, 14:473-482.
224. Corona B.T., Machingal M.A., Criswell T., Vadhavkar M., Dannahower A.C., Bergman C., et al. Further development of a tissue engineered muscle repair construct invitro for enhanced functional recovery following implantation invivo in a murine model of volumetric muscle loss injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2012, 18:1213-1228.
225. Glaeser J.D., Geissler S., Ode A., Schipp C.J., Matziolis G., Taylor W.R., et al. Modulation of matrix metalloprotease-2 levels by mechanical loading of three-dimensional mesenchymal stem cell constructs: impact on invitro tube formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2010, 16:3139-3148.
226. Egusa H., Kobayashi M., Matsumoto T., Sasaki J., Uraguchi S., Yatani H. Application of cyclic strain for accelerated skeletal myogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with cell alignment. Tissue Eng Part A 2013, 19:770-782.
227. Yilgor Huri P., Cook C.A., Hutton D.L., Goh B.C., Gimble J.M., DiGirolamo D.J., et al. Biophysical cues enhance myogenesis of human adipose derived stem/stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013, 438:180-185.