Crafting strategy: Embodied metaphors in practice

Crafting Strategy: Embodied Metaphors in Practice

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-237

  Heracleous, Loizos ^a   Jacobs, Claus D ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924653720     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511975516     Document Type: Book

References (345)

1. Abell, D. F. 1999. Competing today while preparing for tomorrow. Sloan Management Review, Spring: 73 –81.
2. Ansoff, H. I., Declerck, R. P., and Hayes, R. L. 1976. From strategic planning to strategic management. London: John Wiley & Sons.
3. Argyris, C. 1977. Double loop learning in organizations. Harvard Business Review, September–October: 115 –25.
4. Baden Fuller, C. and Stopford, J. M. 1994. Rejuvenating the mature business: The competitive challenge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
5. Buergi, P., Jacobs, C., and Roos, J. 2005. From metaphor to practice in the crafting of strategy. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14: 78–94.
6. Frery, F. 2006. The fundamental dimensions of strategy. MIT Sloan Management Review, Fall, 48 (1): 71–5.
7. Heracleous, L. 1998. Strategic thinking or strategic planning? Long Range Planning, 31: 481–7.
8. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs, C. 2008. Developing strategy: The serious business of play. In Gallos, J. (ed.), Business Leadership, 2nd edn. San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 324–35.
9. Huizinga, J. 1950. Homo ludens: A study of the play-element in culture. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
10. Jacobs, C. and Heracleous, L. 2005. Answers for questions to come–reflective dialogue as an enabler for strategic innovation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 18 (4): 338–52.
11. Jacobs, C. and Heracleous, L. 2006. Constructing shared understanding–the role of embodied metaphors in organization development. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 24 (2): 207–26.
12. Jacobs, C. and Heracleous, L. 2007. Strategizing through playful design. Journal of Business Strategy, 28 (4): 75–80.
13. Lawson, B. 2006. How designers think–The design process demystifi ed, 4th edn. Oxford: Architectural Press.
14. March, J. G. 1991. Exploration and exploitation in organization learning. Organization Science, 2: 71–87.
15. Markides, C. 1997. Strategic innovation. Sloan Management Review, Spring: 9 –23.
16. Markides, C. 1998. Strategic innovation in established companies. Sloan Management Review, Spring: 31–42.
17. McKinsey & Co. 2006. Improving strategic planning. McKinsey Quarterly, July–August: 1 –11.
18. Mintzberg, H. 1993. The pitfalls of strategic planning. California Management Review, Fall, 36 (1): 32–47.
19. Piaget, J. and Inhelder, B. 1972. The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books.
20. Sutton-Smith, B. 1997. The ambiguity of play. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
21. Weick, K. E. 1990. Introduction: Cartographic myths in organizations. In Huff, A. S. and Jenkins, M. (eds.), Mapping strategic thought. Chichester: Wiley, 1–10.
22. Alvesson, M. and Karreman, D. 2000. Taking the linguistic turn in organizational research. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 36: 136–58.
23. Aristotle. 1991. On rhetoric (G.A. Kennedy, transl.). New York: Oxford University Press.
24. Armenakis, A. and Bedeian, A. 1992. The role of metaphors in organizational change. Change agent and change target perspectives. Group & Organization Management, 17: 242–9.
25. Astley, W. G. 1985. Administrative science as socially constructed truth. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30: 497–513.
26. Barrett, F. J. and Cooperrider, D. L. 1990. Generative metaphor intervention: A new behavioral approach for working with systems divided by conflict and caught in defensive perception. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 26: 219–39.
27. Barrett, F. J., Thomas, G. F., and Hocevar, S. P. 1995. The central role of discourse in large-scale change: A social construction perspective. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 31: 352–72.
28. Barry, D. 1994. Making the invisible visible: Using analogically-based methods to surface unconscious organizational processes. Organization Development Journal, 12 (4): 37–47.
29. Barry, D. and Elmes, M. 1997. Strategy retold: Toward a narrative view of strategic discourse. Academy of Management Review, 22: 429–52.
30. Berger, P. and Luckmann, T. 1966. The social construction of reality. London: Penguin.
31. Black, M. 1993. More about metaphor. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 19–43.
32. Bougon, M. G. 1992. Congregate cognitive maps. Journal of Management Studies, 29: 369–89.
33. Brown, S. M. 1992. Cognitive mapping and repertory grids for qualitative survey research. Journal of Management Studies, 29: 287–307.
34. Buergi, P. and Roos, J. 2003. Images of strategy. European Management Journal, 21 (1): 69–78.
35. Burke, W. W. 1992. Metaphors to consult by. Group & Organization Management, 17: 255–9.
36. Calori, R., Johnson, G., and Sarnin, P. 1994. CEOs’ cognitive maps and the scope of the organization. Strategic Management Journal, 15: 437–57.
37. Clarke, I. and Mackaness, W. 2001. Management “intuition”: An interpretative account of structure and content of decision schemas using cognitive maps. Journal of Management Studies, 38: 147–72.
38. Cleary, C. and Packard, T. 1992. The use of metaphors in organizational assessment and change. Group & Organization Management, 17: 229–41
39. Cornelissen, J. 2004. What are we playing at? Theatre, organization and the use of metaphor. Organization Studies, 25: 705–26.
40. Cornelissen, J. 2005. Beyond compare: Metaphor in organization theory. Academy of Management Review, 30: 751–64.
41. Cornelissen, J. 2006. Organization theory: A case study of the organizational identity metaphor. Journal of Management Studies, 43: 683–709.
42. Dijk, T. A. V. 1988. Social cognition, social power and social discourse. Text, 8: 129–57.
43. Donaldson, L. 1985. In defence of organization theory: A reply to the critics. Cambridge University Press.
44. Donaldson, L. 1986. For positivist organization theory. London: Sage.
45. Doyle, J. R. and Sims, D. 2002. Enabling strategic metaphor in conversation: A technique of cognitive sculpting for explicating knowledge. In A. S. Huff and M. Jenkins (eds.), Mapping strategic knowledge. London: Sage, 63–85.
46. Eden, C. 1992. On the nature of cognitive maps, Journal of Management Studies, 29: 261–5.
47. Eden, C. and Huxham, C. 1996. Action research for management research. British Journal of Management, 7: 75–86.
48. Eysenck M. W. 1993. Principles of cognitive psychology. Hove: Erlbaum.
49. Ford, J. D. and Ford, L. W. 1995. The role of conversations in producing intentional change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 20: 541–70.
50. Gardner, H. 1993. Frames of mind: the theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
51. Gergen, K. J. 1999. An invitation to social construction. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
52. Gergen, K. J. and Thatchenkery, T. J. 1996. Organization science as social construction: Postmodern potentials. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32: 356–77.
53. Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (eds.), 1996. Metaphor and organizations. London: Sage.
54. Heracleous, L. 2004. Interpretive approaches to organizational discourse. In Grant, D., Phillips, N., Hardy, C., Putnam, L., and Oswick, C. (eds.), Handbook of Organizational Discourse. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 175–92.
55. Heracleous, L. and Barrett, M. 2001. Organizational change as discourse: Communicative actions and deep structures in the context of information technology implementation. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 755–78.
56. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs, C. 2008. Understanding organizations through embodied metaphors. Organization Studies. 29 (1): 45–78.
57. Heracleous, L. and Marshak, R. 2004. Conceptualizing organizational discourse as situated symbolic action. Human Relations, 57: 1285–1312.
58. Hirsch, P. M. 1986. From ambushes to golden parachutes: Corporate takeovers as an instance of cultural framing and institutional integration. American Journal of Sociology, 91: 800–37.
59. Howe, M. A. 1989. Using imagery to facilitate organizational development and change. Group & Organization Studies, 14: 70–82.
60. Hodgkinson, G. P. and Johnson, G. 1994. Exploring the mental models of competitive strategists: The case for a processual approach. Journal of Management Studies, 31: 525–51.
61. Inns, D. 2002. Metaphor in the literature of organizational analysis: A preliminary taxonomy and a glimpse at a humanities-based perspective. Organization, 9: 305–30.
62. Jacobs, C. and Heracleous, L. 2006. Constructing shared understanding–the role of embodied metaphor in organization development. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 42 (2): 207–26.
63. Joas, H. 1996. The creativity of action. Cambridge: Polity.
64. Johnson, M. 1987. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. University of Chicago Press.
65. Johnson, M. and Lakoff, G. 2002. Why cognitive linguistics requires embodied realism. Cognitive Linguistics, 13: 245–63.
66. Lakoff, G. 1990. The invariance hypothesis: Is abstract reason based on image schemas? Cognitive Linguistics, 1: 39–74.
67. Lakoff, G. 1993. The contemporary theory of metaphor. In Ortonty, A. (ed.), Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge University Press, 202–51.
68. Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. 1980. Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.
69. Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. 1999. Philosophy in the flesh. New York: Basic Books.
70. Marshak, R. 1993. Managing the metaphors of change. Organizational Dynamics, 22 (1): 44–56.
71. Merleau-Ponty, M. 1962. Phenomenology of perception. London, New York: Routledge.
72. Morgan, G. 1980. Paradigms, metaphor and puzzle solving in organization theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25: 660–71.
73. Morgan, G. 1983. More on metaphor: Why we cannot control tropes in administrative science. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28: 601–7.
74. Morgan, G. 1986. Images of organization. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
75. Morgan, G. 1996. An afterword: Is there anything more to be said about metaphor? In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Metaphor and organization. London: Sage, 227–40.
76. Oswick, C. 1996. Insights into diagnosis: An exploration using visual metaphors. In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Organisation development: metaphorical explorations. London: Pitman. 137–51.
77. Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), 1996. Organisation development: metaphorical explorations. London: Pitman.
78. Oswick, C. and Montogomery, J. 1999. Images of an organization: The use of metaphor in a multinational company. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12: 501–23.
79. Oswick, C., Keenoy, T., and Grant, D. 2002. Metaphorical and analogical reasoning in organization theory: Beyond orthodoxy. Academy of Management Review. 27: 294–303.
80. Palmer, I. and Dunford, R. 1996a. Coflicting uses of metaphors: Reconceptualizing their use in the field of organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 21: 691–717.
81. Palmer, I. and Dunford, R. 1996b. Understanding organisations through metaphor. In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Organisation development: metaphorical explorations. London: Pitman, 7–15.
82. Pinder, C. C. and Bourgeois, V. W. 1982. Controlling tropes in administrative science. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27: 641–52.
83. Pondy, L. R. 1983. The role of metaphors and myths in organization and in the facilitation of change. In Pondy, L. R., Frost, P.J., Morgan, G. and Dandridge, T. C. (eds.), Organizational symbolism. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press: 157–66.
84. Robinson, A. H. and Petchenik, B. B. 1976. The nature of maps: Essays toward understanding maps and mapping. University of Chicago Press.
85. Rohrer, T. 2007. The body in space: Embodiment, experientialism and linguistic conceptualization. In Ziemke, T. Zlatev, J. and Frank, R. (eds.), Body, language and mind, Vol. 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
86. Sackmann, S. 1989. The role of metaphors in organization transformation. Human Relations, 42: 463–85.
87. Schon, D. 1993. Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem-setting in social policy. In A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and thought, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, 137–63.
88. Tsoukas, H. 1993. Analogical reasoning and knowledge generation in organization theory. Organization Studies, 14: 323–46.
89. Weick, K. E. 1990. Introduction: Cartographic myths in organizations. In A. S. Huff and M. Jenkins (eds.), Mapping strategic thought. Chichester: Wiley, 1–10.
90. Weick, K. E. 1995. Sensemaking in organizations. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
91. Wittgenstein, L. 1967. Philosophical investigations, 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.
92. Worren, N., Moore, K., and Elliott, R. 2002. When theories become tools: Toward a framework for pragmatic validity. Human Relations, 55: 1227–50
93. Astley, W. G. 1985. Administrative science as socially constructed truth. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30: 497–513.
94. Astley, W. G. and Van de Ven, A. H. 1983. Central perspectives and debates in organization theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28: 245–73.
95. Barthes, R. 1977. Image, music, text. London: Fontana.
96. Bittner, E. 1965. The concept of organization. Social Research, 32: 239–55.
97. Burrell, G. and Morgan, G. 1979. Sociological paradigms and organizational analysis. Andover: Gower.
98. Daft, R. L. 1983. Learning the craft of organizational research. Academy of Management Review, 8: 539–46.
99. Denzin, N. 1983. Interpretive interactionism. In Morgan, G. (ed.), Beyond method: Strategies for social research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 129–46.
100. Eco, U. 1990. The limits of interpretation. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
101. Gadamer, H. G. 2006 [1970]. Language and understanding. Theory, Culture and Society, 23 (1): 13–27.
102. Gergen, K. 1999. An invitation to social construction. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
103. Giddens, A. 1979. Central problems in social theory. London: Macmillan.
104. Giddens, A. 1984. The constitution of society. Cambridge: Polity.
105. Giddens, A. 1987. Social theory and modern sociology. Cambridge: Polity.
106. Giddens, A. 1993. New rules of sociological method. Stanford University Press.
107. Harrington, A. 2001. Dilthey, empathy and verstehen: A contemporary reappraisal. European Journal of Social Theory, 4: 311–29.
108. Heracleous, L. 2006. Discourse, interpretation, organization. Cambridge University Press.
109. Heracleous, L. 2007a. Hermeneutics. In Clegg, S. R. and Bailey, J. R. (eds.), International encyclopedia of organization studies, Vol. 2, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 582–5.
110. Heracleous, L. 2007b. Interpretive Theory. In Clegg, S. R. and Bailey, J. R. (eds.), International encyclopedia of organization studies, Vol. 2, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 720–3.
111. Heracleous, L. and Barrett, M. 2001. Organizational change as discourse: Communicative actions and deep structures in the context of IT Implementation. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 755–78.
112. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs, C. 2008. Understanding organizations through embodied metaphors. Organization Studies, 29 (1): 45–78.
113. Heracleous, L. and Marshak, R. 2004. Conceptualizing organizational discourse as situated symbolic action. Human Relations, 57: 1285–1312.
114. Kearney, R. 1999. Ricoeur. In Critchley, S. and Schroeder, W. R. (eds.), A companion to continental philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 443–51.
115. Kets de Vries, M. F. R. and Miller, D. 1987. Interpreting organizational texts. Journal of Management Studies, 24: 233–47.
116. Lee, A. S. and Baskerville, R. L. 2003. Generalizing generalizability in information systems research. Information Systems Research, 14: 221–43.
117. Makkreel, R. A, 1999. Dilthey. In Critchley, S. and Schroeder, W. R. (eds.), A companion to continental philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 425–32.
118. Palmer, R. E. 1969. Hermeneutics. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
119. Phillips, N. and Brown, J. L. 1993. Analyzing communication in and around organizations: A critical hermeneutic approach. Academy of Management Journal, 36: 1547–76.
120. Prasad, A. 2002. The contest over meaning: Hermeneutics as an interpretive methodology for understanding texts. Organizational Research Methods, 5 (1): 12–33.
121. Prasad, A. and Prasad, P. 2002. The coming of age of interpretive organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 5: 4–11.
122. Ricoeur, P. 1991. From text to action. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press
123. Ricoeur, P. 1997. Rhetoric-poetics-hermeneutics. In Jost, W. and M. J. Hyde (eds.), Rhetoric and hermeneutics in our time: A reader. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 60–72.
124. Sandberg, J. 2005. How do we justify knowledge produced within interpretive approaches? Organizational Research Methods, 8: 41–68.
125. Schein, E. H. 1988. Process consultation Vol. I: Its role in organization development, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
126. Schmidt, D. J. 1999. Gadamer. In Critchley, S. and Schroeder, W. R. (eds.), A companion to continental philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 433–42.
127. Schwandt T. A. 1994. Constructivist, interpretivist approaches to human inquiry. In Denzin, N. and Lincoln, Y. (eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage, 118–37.
128. Silverman, D. 1970. The theory of organizations: a sociological framework. London: Heinemann.
129. Thachankary, T. 1992. Organizations as “texts”: Hermeneutics as a model for understanding organizational change. Research in Organization Change and Development, 6: 197–233.
130. Thompson, J. B. 1981. Critical hermeneutics: A study in the thought of Paul Ricoeur and Jurgen Habermas. Cambridge University Press.
131. Vedder, B. 1999. Schleiermacher. In Critchley, S. and Schroeder, W. R. (eds.), A companion to continental philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 417–24.
132. Yin, R. 1994. Case study research: Design and methods, 2nd edn. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
133. Weber, M. 1991. The nature of social action. In Runciman, W. G. (ed.), Weber: Selections in translation. Cambridge University Press, 7–32.
134. Williams, M. 2000. Interpretivism and generalization. Sociology, 34: 209–24.
135. Wittgenstein, L. 1967. Philosophical investigations, 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell
136. Bourdieu, P. 1990. The logic of practice. Cambridge: Polity.
137. Brown, J.S. and Duguid, P. 1991. Organizational learning and communities of practice: Toward a unified view of working, learning and innovation.Organization Science, 2 (1): 40–57.
138. Buergi, P., Jacobs, C., and Roos, J. 2005. From metaphor to practice in the crafting of strategy. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14 (1): 78–94.
139. de Certeau, M. 1984. The practice of everyday life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
140. Gergen, K. 1994. Reality and relationships: Soundings in social construction. London: Sage.
141. Gergen, K. 1999. An invitation to social construction. London: Sage.
142. Gherardi, S. 2000. Practice-based theorizing on learning and knowing in organizations. Organization, 7 (2): 211–23.
143. Gibbs, R.W. 2005. Embodiment and cognitive science. New York: Cambridge University Press.
144. Gibson, K. R. and Ingold, T. (eds.), 1993. Tools, language and cognition in human evolution. Cambridge University Press.
145. Giddens, A. 1984. The constitution of society. Outline of the theory of structuration. Cambridge: Polity.
146. Hadar, U., Wenkert-Olenik, D., Krauss, R., and Soroker, N. 1998. Gesture and the processing of speech: Neuropsychological evidence. Brain and Language, 62, 107–26.
147. Harel, I. and Papert, S. (eds.), 1991. Constructionism. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
148. Hendry, J. and Seidl, D. 2003. The structure and significance of strategic episodes: Social systems theory and the routine practices of strategic change. Journal of Management Studies, 40 (1): 175–97.
149. Jarzabkowski, P. 2005. Strategy as practice: An activity-based approach. London: Sage.
150. Jarzabkowski, P., Balogun, J., and Seidl, D. 2007. Strategizing: The challenges of a practice perspective. Human Relations, 60 (1): 5–27.
151. Johnson, G., Melin, L., and Whittington, R. 2003. Micro strategy and strategising: Towards an activity-based view. Journal of Management Studies, 40 (1): 3–22.
152. Johnson, G., Langley, A., Melin, L., and Whittington, R. 2007. Strategy as practice: Research directions and resources. Cambridge University Press.
153. Krauss, R. M. 1998. Why do we gesture when we speak? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 54–9
154. Krauss, R. M., Chen, Y., and Gottesman, R. F. 2000. Lexical gestures and lexical access: A process model. In D. McNeil (ed.), Language and gesture. New York: Cambridge University Press, 261–83.
155. Miller, P. and Hopwood, A. G. 1994 (eds.), Accounting as social and institutional practice. Cambridge University Press.
156. Mintzberg, H. 1987. Crafting strategy. Harvard Business Review, 65 (4), 66–75.
157. Molloy E. and Whittington R. 2005. Organising organising: the practice inside the process, Advances in Strategic Management, 22: 491–515.
158. Orlikowski, W. J. 2000. Using technology and constituting structure: A practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organization Science, 11 (4): 404–28.
159. Piaget, J. 1971. Biology and knowledge. University of Chicago Press.
160. Schatzki, T.R. 2001. Introduction: Practice Theory. In Schatzki, T. R., Knorr Cetina, K., and von Savigny, E. (eds.), The practice turn in contemporary theory. New York: Routledge, 1–14.
161. Sennett, R. 2008. The craftsman. London: Allen Lane.
162. Tattersall, I. 1998. Becoming human: Evolution and human uniqueness. New York: Harcourt Brace.
163. Weick, K. 1987. Substitutes for strategy. In D. J. Teece (ed.), The competitive challenge: Strategies for industrial renewal. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 221–33.
164. Whittington R. 2006. Completing the practice turn in strategy reseach. Organization Studies, 26: 613–34.
165. Wilson, F. 1998. The hand: How its use shapes the brain, language, and human culture. New York: Pantheon.
166. Baden Fuller, C. and Stopford, J.M. 1994. Rejuvenating the mature business: The competitive challenge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press
167. Barrett, F. J. and Cooperrider, D. L. 1990. Generative metaphor intervention: A new behavioral approach for working with systems divided by conflict and caught in defensive perception. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 26: 219–39.
168. Brown, J. S. and Duguid, P. 1991. Organizational learning and communitiesof- practice: Toward a unified view of working, learning, and innovation. Organization Science, 2 (1): 40–57.
169. Chandler, A. 1962. Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of American industrial enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
170. Choi, D. and Valikangas, L. 2001. Patterns of strategy innovation. European Management Journal, 19 (4): 424–29.
171. Fish, S.E. 1980. Is there a text in this class? The authority of interpretive communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
172. Forbus, K. D., Gentner, D., and Law, K. 1995. MAC/FAC: A model of similaritybased retrieval. Cognitive Science, 19 (2): 141–205.
173. Ford, J. and Ford, L. 1995. The role of conversations in producing intentional change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 20 (3): 541–70.
174. Gadamer, H. G. 2002. Truth and method. New York: Continuum.
175. Geertz, C. 1973. The interpretation of cultures: selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
176. Gentner, D. and Markman, A. B. 1997. Structure mapping in analogy and similarity. American Psychologist, 52 (1): 45–56.
177. Gentner, D., Holyoak, K. J., and Kokinov, B. N. 2001. The analogical mind: Perspectives from cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
178. Gergen, K.J., Gergen, M.M., and Barret, F.J. 2004: Dialogue: Life and death of the organization. In Grant, D., Phillips, N., Hardy, C., Putnam, L., and Oswick, C. (eds), Handbook of Organizational Discourse. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
179. Gergen, K.J., McNamee, S., and Barrett, F.J. 2001. Toward transformative dialogue. International Journal of Public Administration. 24 (7/8): 679–707.
180. Heracleous, L. 2006. Discourse, interpretation, organization. Cambridge University Press.
181. Holyoak, K.J. and Thagard, P. 1997. The analogical mind. American Psychologist, 52 (1), 35–44.
182. Hoskisson, R. E., Hitt, M. A., Wan, W. P., and Yiu, D. 1999. Theory and research in strategic management: Swings of a pendulum. Journal of Management, 25: 417–56.
183. Huizinga, J. 1950. Homo ludens: A study of the play-element in culture. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
184. Isaacs, W. 1993. Taking flight: Dialogue, collective thinking and organizational learning, Organizational Dynamics, 22 (2): 24–40.
185. Isaacs, W. 1999. Dialogue and the art of thinking together. New York: Doubleday.
186. Jacobs, C. D. 2003. Managing organizational responsiveness–toward a theory of responsive practice. Wiesbaden: DUV
187. Jacobs, C.D. and Coghlan, D. 2005. Sound from silence–on listening in organizational learning. Human Relations, 58 (1): 115–38.
188. Jacobs, C.D. and Heracleous, L. 2005. Answers for questions to come: Reflective dialogue as an enabler of strategic innovation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 18 (4): 338–52.
189. Jacobs, C.D. and Heracleous, L. 2006. Constructing shared understanding–The role of embodied metaphors in organization development. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 42 (2): 207–26.
190. Jacobs, C. and Statler, M. 2005. Strategy creation as serious play. In Floyd, S.W., Roos, J., Jacobs, C., and Kellermanns, F. (eds.), Innovating Strategy Process. Oxford: Blackwell.
191. Jacobs, C. and Statler, M. 2006. Towards a technology of foolishness: Developing scenarios through serious play. International Studies of Management and Organization, 36 (3): 7–92.
192. Janis, I.L. 1972. Victims of groupthink: A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascos. Boston, MA: Houghton.
193. Johnson-Laird, P.N. 1983.Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
194. Kim, D.H. 1993. The link between individual and organizational learning. Sloan Management Review, 35 (1): 37–50.
195. Kuhn, T. 1962. The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press.
196. MacIntosh, R. and MacLean, D. 1999. Conditioned emergence: a dissipative structures approach to transformation. Strategic Management Journal, 20 (4): 297–316.
197. March, J.G. 1979. The technology of foolishness. In March, J.G. and Olsen, J.P. (eds.), Ambiguity and choice in organizations. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 69–81.
198. Markides, C.C. 1998. Strategic innovation in established companies. Sloan Management Review, 39 (3): 31–42.
199. Minsky, M.L. 1986. The society of mind, New York: Simon & Schuster.
200. Mintzberg, H. and Waters, J. A. 1985. Of strategies, deliberate and emergent. Strategic Management Journal, 6: 257–72.
201. Papert, S. 1980. Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. New York: Basic Books.
202. Piaget, J. and Inhelder, B., 1958. The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence: An essay on the construction of formal operational structures. New York: Basic Books.
203. Rumelt, R. P., Schendel, D. E., and Teece, D. J. (1944). Fundamental issues in strategy: A research agenda. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
204. Schein, E.H. 1988. Process consultation Vol. I: Its role in organization development. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
205. Schein, E.H. 1993. On dialogue, culture, and organizational learning. Organizational Dynamics, 22 (2): 40–51
206. Schein, E.H. 1996. Kurt Lewin’ s change theory in the fi eld and in the classroom. Systems Practice, 9 (2): 27–47.
207. Schein, E.H. 1999. Process consultation revisited: Building the helping relationship. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
208. Statler, M., Jacobs, C., and Roos, J. 2008. Performing Strategy: Analogical reasoning as strategic practice. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 24: 133–44.
209. Sutton-Smith, B. 1997. The ambiguity of play. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
210. Tsoukas, H. 1991. The missing link: A transformational view of metaphors in organizational science. Academy of Management Review, 16 (3): 566–85.
211. Tsoukas, H. 1993. Analogical reasoning and knowledge generation in organization theory. Organization Studies, 14 (3): 323–436.
212. Vosniadou, S., and Ortony, A. 1989. Similarity and analogical reasoning. Cambridge University Press.
213. Vygotsky, L.S. and M. Cole. 1978. Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
214. Weick, K.E. 1995. Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
215. Wenger, E. 1998. Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press.
216. Wenger, E. 2000. Communities of practice and social learning systems. Organization, 7 (2): 225–46.
217. Winnicott, D.W. 1971. Playing and reality. London: Tavistock.
218. American Psychological Association. 1994. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 4th edn. Washington, DC: APA.
219. Barrett, F. J. and Cooperrider, D. L. 1990. Generative metaphor intervention: A new behavioral approach for working with systems divided by conflict and caught in defensive perception. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 26: 219–39.
220. Barry, D. 1994. Making the invisible visible: Using analogically-based methods to surface unconscious organizational processes. Organization Development Journal, 12 (4): 37–47.
221. Broussine, M. and Vince, R. 1996. Working with metaphor towards organizational change. In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Organisation development: Metaphorical explorations. London: Pitman, 57–70.
222. Buergi, P. and Roos, J. 2003. Images of strategy. European Management Journal, 21 (1): 69–78.
223. Buergi, P., Jacobs, C., and Roos, J. 2005. From metaphor to practice in the crafting of strategy. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14: 78–94.
224. Burke, W. W. 1992. Metaphors to consult by. Group and Organization Management, 17: 255–9.
225. Dilthey, W. 1989. Introduction to the human sciences. Makkreel, R. A. and Rodi, F. (eds.), Princeton University Press.
226. Doyle, J. R., and Sims, D. 2002. Enabling strategic metaphor in conversation: A technique of cognitive sculpting for explicating knowledge. In Huff, A. S. and Jenkins, M. (eds.), Mapping strategic knowledge. London: Sage, 63–85.
227. Donaldson, L. 1996. For positivist organization theory. London: Sage.
228. Forceville, C. 2009. Non-verbal and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework: Agendas for research. In Forceville, C. and Urios-Aparisi, E. (eds.), Multimodal metaphor. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19–44.
229. Gibbs, R. W. 1999. Researching metaphor. In Cameron, L. and Low, G. (eds.), Researching and applying metaphor. Cambridge University Press, 28–47.
230. Gibbs, R. W. 2003. Embodied experience and linguistic meaning. Brain and Language, 84, 1–15.
231. Heath, C. and Hindmarsh, J. 2002. Analysing interaction: Video, ethnography and situated conduct. In May, T. (ed.), Qualitative Research in Action. London: Sage, 99–121.
232. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs, C. 2008. Understanding organizations through embodied metaphors. Organization Studies, 29: 45–78.
233. Heritage, J. 1984. Garfinkel and ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity.
234. Huff, A. S. 1990. Mapping strategic thought. Chichester: Wiley.
235. Jacobs, C. and Heracleous, L. 2006. Constructing shared understanding–the role of embodied metaphors in organization development. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 24 (2): 207–26.
236. Johnson M. 1987. The body in the mind: the bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. University of Chicago Press.
237. Johnson, M. and Lakoff, G. 2002. Why cognitive linguistics requires embodied realism. Cognitive Linguistics, 13: 245–63.
238. Marshak, R. 1993. Managing the metaphors of change. Organizational Dynamics, 22 (1): 44–56.
239. Miles, M. B. and Huberman, A. M. 1994. Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
240. Morgan, G. 1980. Paradigms, metaphor and puzzle solving in organization theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25: 660–71.
241. Morgan, G. 1983. More on metaphor: Why we cannot control tropes in administrative science. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28: 601–7.
242. Oswick, C., Putnam, L., and Keenoy, T. 2004. Tropes, discourse and organizing. In Grant, D., Hardy, C., Oswick, C., and Putnam, L. (eds.), Sage handbook of organizational discourse. London: Sage, 105–27.
243. Palmer, I. and Dunford, R. 1996. Conflicting uses of metaphors: Reconceptualizing their use in the field of organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 21: 691–717.
244. Pfeffer, J. 1993. Barriers to the advance of organization science: Paradigm development as a dependent variable. Academy of Management Review, 18: 599–620.
245. Rakova, M. 2002. The philosophy of embodied realism: A high price to pay? Cognitive Linguistics, 13: 215–44.
246. Roos, J., Victor, B., and Statler, M. 2004. Playing seriously with strategy. Long Range Planning, 37: 549–68.
247. Rohrer, T. 2007. The body in space: Embodiment, experientialism and linguistic conceptualization. In Ziemke, T., Zlatev, J., and Frank, R. (eds.), Body, Language and Mind, Vol. 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
248. Stake, R. E. 1995. The art of case research. London: Sage.
249. Weber, M. 1991. The nature of social action. In Runciman, W. G. (ed.), Weber: Selections in translation. Cambridge University Press, 7–32.
250. Yin, R. 1994. Case study research: Design and methods, 2nd edn. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
251. Alderfer, C. P. 1977. Organization development. Annual Review of Psychology, 28: 197–223.
252. Armenakis, A. and Bedeian, A. 1992. The role of metaphors in organizational change. Change agent and change target perspectives. Group & Organization Management, 17: 242–9.
253. Barry, D. 1994. Making the invisible visible: Using analogically-based methods to surface unconscious organizational processes. Organization Development Journal, 21 (4), 37–47.
254. Black, M. 1979. More about metaphor. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press, 19–43.
255. Broussine, M. and Vince, R. 1996. Working with metaphor towards organizational change. In C. Oswick and D. Grant (eds.), Organisation development: Metaphorical explorations. London: Pitman, 57–70.
256. Buergi, P., Jacobs, C., and Roos, J. 2005. From metaphor to practice in the crafting of strategy. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14: 78 –94.
257. Buergi, P. and Roos, J. 2003. Images of Strategy. European Management Journal, 21, 69–78.
258. Burke, W. W. 1992. Metaphors to consult by. Group & Organization Management, 17: 255–9.
259. Clark, T. and Salaman, G. 1996. The use of metaphor in the client–consultant relationship: A study of management consultants. In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Organisation development: Metaphorical explorations. London: Pitman, 154–71.
260. Cleary, C. and Packard, T. 1992. The use of metaphors in organizational assessment and change. Group & Organization Management, 17: 229–41.
261. Doyle, J. R. and Sims, D. 2002. Enabling strategic metaphor in conversation: A technique of cognitive sculpting for explicating knowledge. In Huff, A. S. and Jenkins, M. (eds.), Mapping strategic knowledge. London: Sage, 63–85.
262. Friedlander, F. and Brown, D. L. 1974. Organization development. Annual Review of Psychology, 25: 313–41.
263. Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (eds.), 1996. Metaphor and organizations. London: Sage.
264. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs C. 2008. Understanding organizations through embodied metaphors. Organization Studies, 29: 45–78.
265. Hirsch, P. M. 1986. From ambushes to golden parachutes: Corporate takeovers as an instance of cultural framing and institutional integration. American Journal of Sociology, 91: 800–37.
266. Howe, M. A. 1989. Using imagery to facilitate organizational development and change. Group & Organization Studies, 14: 70–82.
267. Huff, A. 2002. Mapping strategic knowledge. London: Sage.
268. Jacobs, C. and Coghlan, D. 2005. Sound from silence: On listening in organizational learning. Human Relations, 58: 115–38.
269. Jacobs, C. and Heracleous, L. 2006. Constructing shared understanding–the role of embodied metaphors in organization development. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 42: 207–26.
270. Keizer, J. A. and Post, G. J. J. 1996. The metaphoric gap as a catalyst for change. In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Organisation development: Metaphorical explorations. London: Pitman, 90–101.
271. Marshak, R. 1993. Managing the metaphors of change. Organizational Dynamics, 22: 44–56.
272. Morgan, G. 1996. An afterword: Is there anything more to be said about metaphor? In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Metaphor and organization. London: Sage, 227–40.
273. Morgan, G. 1997. Images of organization. 2nd edn. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
274. Oswick, C. 1996. Insights into diagnosis: An exploration using visual metaphors. In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Organisation development: Metaphorical explorations. 137–51. London: Pitman.
275. Oswick, C., Keenoy, T. and Grant, D. 2002. Metaphorical and analogical reasoning in organization theory: Beyond orthodoxy. Academy of Management Review, 27, 243–303.
276. Palmer, I. and Dunford, R. 1996. Understanding organisations through metaphor. In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Organisation development: Metaphorical explorations. London: Pitman, 7–15.
277. Pondy, L. R. 1983. The role of metaphors and myths in organization and in the facilitation of change. In Pondy, L. R., Frost, P. J., Morgan, G., and Dandridge, T. C. (eds.), Organizational symbolism. Greenwich, CT: JAI, 157–66.
278. Porras, J. and Silvers, R. 1991. Organizational development and transformation. Annual Review of Psychology, 42: 51–78.
279. Sackmann, S. 1989. The role of metaphors in organization transformation. Human Relations, 42: 463–85.
280. Weick, K. E. 1990. Introduction: Cartographic myths in organizations. In A. S. Huff and M. Jenkins (eds.), Mapping strategic thought (pp. 1–10). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
281. Weick, K. 1995. Sensemaking in organizations. London: Sage
282. Albert, S. and Whetten, D. 1985. Organizational identity, in Cummings, L. and Staw, B. (eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 7). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 263–95.
283. Balogun, J. and Johnson, G. 2004. Organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking. Academy of Management Journal, 47: 523–49.
284. Balogun, J., Huff, A. S., and Johnson, P. 2003. Three responses to the methodological challenges of studying strategizing. Journal of Management Studies, 40: 197–224.
285. Barrett, F. J. and Cooperrider, D. L. 1990. Generative metaphor intervention: A new behavioral approach for working with systems divided by conflict and caught in defensive perception. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 26: 219–39.
286. Barry, D. and Elmes, M. 1997. Strategy retold: toward a narrative view of strategic discourse, Academy of Management Review, 22: 429–52.
287. Berger, P. and Luckmann, T. 1966. The social construction of reality. London: Penguin.
288. Brickson, S. L. 2005. Organizational identity orientation: Forging a link between organizational identity and organizations’ relations with stakeholders. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50: 576–609.
289. Brown, A. D. 2006. A narrative approach to collective identities. Journal of Management Studies, 43: 731–53.
290. Buergi, P. T., Jacobs, C. D., and Roos, J. 2005. From metaphor to practice in the crafting of strategy. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14: 78–94.
291. Burke, W. W. 1992. Metaphors to consult by. Group & Organization Management, 17: 225–59.
292. Deetz, S. 2003. Reclaiming the legacy of the linguistic turn. Organization, 10: 421–9.
293. Dukerich, J., Golden, B., and Shortell, S. 2002. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 507–33.
294. Fiol, C. M. 2001. Revisiting an identity-based view of sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 27: 691–700.
295. Foreman, P. and Whetten, D. 2002. Members’ identification with multiple-identity organizations. Organization Science, 13: 618–35.
296. Gergen, K. 1999. An invitation to social construction. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
297. Gibbs, R. W. 1999. Researching metaphor. In Cameron, L. and Low, G. (eds.), Researching and applying metaphor. Cambridge University Press, 28–47.
298. Gioia, D., Schultz, M., and Corley, K. 2000. Organizational identity, image and adaptive instability, Academy of Management Review, 25: 63–81.
299. Grant, D., Lawrence, T. B., and Hardy, C. 2005. Discourse and Collaboration. The role of conversations and collective identity. Academy of Management Review, 30: 58–77.
300. Hatch, M. J. and Schultz, M. 2002. The dynamics of organizational identity. Human Relations, 55: 989–1018.
301. Heracleous, L. 2004. Interpretivist approaches to organizational discourse. In Grant, D., Phillips, N., Hardy, C., Putnam, L., and Oswick, C. (eds.), Handbook of organizational discourse. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 175–92.
302. Heracleous, L. 2006. Discourse, interpretation, organization. Cambridge University Press.
303. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs, C. D. 2005. The serious business of play. MIT Sloan Management Review, Fall, 19–20.
304. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs, C. D. 2008. Crafting strategy: The role of embodied metaphors. Long Range Planning, 41: 309–25.
305. Hirsch, P. M. 1986. From ambushes to golden parachutes: Corporate takeovers as an instance of cultural framing and institutional integration. American Journal of Sociology, 91: 800–37
306. Huff, A. S. 1990. Mapping strategic thought. Chichester: Wiley.
307. Jacobs, C. D. and Heracleous, L. 2005. Answers for questions to come: Reflective dialogue as an enabler of strategic innovation. Journal of Organization Change Management, 18: 338–52.
308. Jacobs, C. D. and Heracleous, L. 2006. Constructing shared understanding–the role of embodied metaphors in organization development. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 42: 207–26.
309. Jarzabkowski, P. 2003. Strategy as practice: recursiveness, adaptation, and practicesin-use. Organization Studies. 25: 529–60.
310. Johnson, G. 1987. Strategic change and the management process. Oxford: Blackwell.
311. Johnson, G., Melin, L., and Whittington, R. 2003. Micro strategy and strategizing: Towards an activity-based view. Journal of Management Studies, 40: 3–22.
312. Johnson, M. 1987. The body in the mind: the bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. University of Chicago Press.
313. Johnson, M. and Lakoff, G. 2002. Why cognitive linguistics requires embodied realism. Cognitive Linguistics, 13: 245–63.
314. Lakoff, G. 1990. The invariance hypothesis: Is abstract reason based on image schemas? Cognitive Linguistics, 1: 39–74.
315. Lawson, B. 2006. How designers think–The design process demystified, 4th edn. Oxford: Architectural Press.
316. Marshak, R. 1993. Managing the metaphors of change. Organizational Dynamics, 22 (1): 44–56.
317. Mintzberg, H. 1987. Crafting strategy. Harvard Business Review, 65 (4): 66–75.
318. Morgan, G. 1980. Paradigms, metaphor and puzzle solving in organization theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25: 660–71.
319. Morgan, G. 1983. More on metaphor: Why we cannot control tropes in administrative science. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28: 601–7.
320. Oliver, D. and Roos, J. 2007. Beyond text: Studying organizational identity multimodally. British Journal of Management, 18: 342–58.
321. Palmer, I. and Dunford, R. 1996. Understanding organisations through metaphor. In Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (eds.), Organisation Development: Metaphorical Explorations. London: Pitman, 7–15.
322. Pettigrew, A. M. 1987. Context and action in the transformation of the firm. Journal of Management Studies, 24: 649–70.
323. Piaget, J. 1971. Biology and knowledge. University of Chicago Press.
324. Porter, M. E. 1975. Note on the structural analysis of industries, Harvard Business School Note no. 9–376–054.
325. Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press.
326. Porter, M. E. 1985. Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance, New York: Free Press.
327. Pratt, M. and Rafaeli, A. 1997. Organizational dress as a symbol of multilayered social identities. Academy of Management Journal, 40: 862–98.
328. Regnér, P. 2003. Strategy creation in the periphery: Inductive versus deductive strategy making. Journal of Management Studies, 40: 57–82.
329. Samra-Fredericks, D. 2003. Strategizing as lived experience and strategists’ everyday efforts to shape strategic direction. Journal of Management Studies, 40: 141–74.
330. Samra-Fredericks, D. 2005. Strategic practice, “discourse” and the everyday interactional constitution of power effects. Organization, 12: 803–41.
331. Schein, E. 1999. Process consultation revisited. New York: Wiley.
332. Schultz, M. and Hatch, M. J. (eds.), 2004. Organizational identity–A reader. Oxford University Press.
333. Stern C. W. and Stalk, G. 1998. Perspectives on strategy. New York: Wiley.
334. Vaara, E. 2002. On the discursive construction of success/failure in narratives of post-merger integration. Organization Studies, 23: 211–48.
335. Vaara, E., Tienari, J., and Santti, R. 2003. The international match: metaphors as vehicles of social identity-building in cross-border mergers. Human Relations, 56, 419–51.
336. Weick, K. E. 1987. Substitutes for strategy. In Teece, D. J. (ed.), The competitive challenge: Strategies for industrial innovation and renewal. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 221–33.
337. Whittington, R. 2006. Completing the practice turn in strategy research. Organization Studies, 27: 613–34.
338. Whittington, R., Molloy, E., Mayer, M., and Smith, A. 2006. Practices of strategising/organising: Broadening strategy work and skills.Long Range Planning, 39: 615–29
339. Heracleous, L. 1998. Strategic thinking or strategic planning? Long Range Planning 31: 481–7.
340. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs, C. 2005. The serious business of play. MIT Sloan Management Review. 47 (1): 19–20.
341. Heracleous, L. and Jacobs, C. 2008. Developing strategy: The serious business of play. In Gallos, J. (ed.) 2008. Business leadership, 2nd edn. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass, Chapter 25: 324–35.
342. Heracleous, L., Wirtz, J., and Pangarkar, N. 2009. Flying high in a competitive industry: Secrets of the world’s leading airline. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
343. Jacobs, C. and Heracleous, L. 2007. Strategizing through playful design. Journal of Business Strategy. 28 (4): 75–80.
344. Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P. 1996. Translating strategy into action: The balanced scorecard. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
345. Waterman, R. H., Peters, T. J., and Phillips, J. R. 1980. Structure is not organization. Business Horizons, June: 14–26.