What's Wrong with Fat?: The War on Obesity and its Collateral Damage

What's Wrong with Fat?: The War on Obesity and its Collateral Damage

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-272

  Saguy, Abigail ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Beauty; Body size; Fat; Fatness; Health; Health risk; Immorality; Obesity epidemic; Public health; Weight

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922399146     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199857081.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (522)

1. Abelson, Reed. "The Smoker's Surcharge." New York Times. November 16, 2011.
2. Achenbach, Joel. "Eat Up, Lads, and Be Hearty." Washington Post. December 30, 1994.
3. Adams, Alexander B. John James Audubon: A Biography. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1966.
4. Ahmad, Waqar I., and Hannah Branby. "Locating Ethnicity and Health: Exploring Concepts and Contexts." Sociology of Health & Illness 29, no. 6 (2007): 795-810.
5. Allan, Janet D., Kelly Mayo, and Yvonne Michel. "Body Size Values of White and Black Women." Research in Nursing & Health 16, no. 5 (1993): 323-33.
6. Allison, David B., Kevin R. Fontaine, JoAnn E. Mansen, June Stevens, and Theodore VanItallie. "Annual Deaths Attributable to Obesity in the United States." Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) 282, no. 16 (1999): 1530-38.
7. Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I. "Nutrient Deficiencies Secondary to Bariatric Surgery." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 7, no. 5 (2004): 569-75.
8. Amalou, Florence. "L'Industrie Alimentaire en Ordre Dispersé Face aux Dangers de l'Obésité." Le Monde. November 7, 2003.
9. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
10. American Psychological Association Public Interest Government Relations Office. Recommendations to Prevent Youth Obesity and Disordered Eating. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2008.
11. American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery. "Rationale for Surgical Treatment." http://asmbs.org/rationale-for-surgical-treatment/.
12. Amy, N. K., A. Aalborg, P. Lyons, and L. Keranen. "Barriers to Routine Gynecological Cancer Screening for White and African-American Obese Women." International Journal of Obesity 30 (2006): 147-55.
13. Anderson, Gerard F., Peter S. Hussey, Bianca K. Frogner, and Hugh R. Waters. "Health Spending in the United States and the Rest of the Industrialized World." Health Affairs 24, no. 4 (2005): 903-14.
14. Andres, R., D. Elahi, J. Tobin, D. Muller, and L. Brant. "Impact of Age on Weight Goals." Annals of Internal Medicine 103, no. 6 (1985): 1030.
15. Andreyeva, Tatiana, Rebecca M. Puhl, and Kelly D. Brownell. "Changes in Perceived Weight Discrimination among Americans: 1995-1996 through 2004-2006." Obesity 16, no. 5 (2008): 1129-34.
16. Angell, Marcia. The Truth about the Drug Companies: How They Deceive Us and What to Do about It. New York: Random House, 2004.
17. Armstrong, Elizabeth. Conceiving Risk, Bearing Responsibility: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Diagnosis of Moral Disorder. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
18. Armstrong, Elizabeth, and Ernest L. Abel. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: The Origins of a Moral Panic." Alcohol & Alcoholism 35, no. 3 (2000): 276-82.
19. Aronowitz, Robert. "Framing Disease: An Underappreciated Mechanism for the Social Patterning of Health." Social Science & Medicine 67, no. 2008 (2008): 1-9.
20. Associated Press. "Feds: Obesity Raising Airline Fuel Costs." USA Today. November 5, 2004.
21. Association for Size Diversity and Health. "Haes(Sm) Principles." ASDAH. http://www.sizediversityandhealth.org/content.asp?id=76.
22. Association for Size Diversity and Health. "Mission Statement." http://www.sizediversityandhealth.org/content.asp?id=4.
23. Atkinson, Richard L. "Viruses as Etiology of Obesity." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 82, no. 10 (2007): 1192-98.
24. Bacon, Linda. "Reflections on Fat Acceptance: Lessons Learned from Privilege." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance, Washington, DC, August 1, 2009.
25. Bacon, Linda. Health at Every Size: The Surprising Truth about Your Weight. Dallas: BenBella Books, 2010.
26. Bacon, Linda, and Lucy Aphramor. "Weight Science: Evaluating the Evidence for a Paradigm Shift." Nutrition Journal 10, no. 9 (2011).
27. Badie, Bertraud, and Pierre Birnbaum. The Sociology of the State. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
28. Bakalar, Nicholas. "Survey Puts New Focus on Binge Eating as a Diagnosis." New York Times. February 13, 2007.
29. Barrett Ozols, Jennifer. "Generation XL." Newsweek. January 6, 2005.
30. Barry, Colleen L., Victoria L. Brescoll, Kelly D. Brownell, and Mark Schlesinger. "Obesity Metaphors: How Beliefs about the Causes of Obesity Affect Support for Public Policy." Milbank Quarterly 87, no. 1 (2009): 7-47.
31. Barry, Colleen L., Marian Jarlenski, Rachel Grob, Mark Schlesinger, and Sarah Gollust. "News Media Framing of Childhood Obesity in the United States from 2000 to 2009." Pediatrics 128, no. 1 (2011): 132-45.
32. Bauer, Katherine W., Y. Wendy Yang, and S. Bryn Austin. "'How Can We Stay Healthy When You're Throwing All This in Front of Us?' Findings from Focus Groups and Interviews in Middle Schools on Environmental Influences on Nutrition and Physical Activity." Health Education Behavior 31, no. 1 (2004): 34-36.
33. Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
34. Beck, Melinda. "An Epidemic of Obesity." Newsweek. August 1, 1994, 62.
35. Beck, Ulrich. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage Publications, 1992.
36. Becker, Howard. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Free Press, 1963.
37. Belkin, Lisa. "Watching Her Weight." New York Times. July 8, 2001.
38. Bellizzi, Mary C., and William H. Dietz. "Workshop on Childhood Obesity: Summary of the Discussion." The American Journal of Nutrition 70, no. 1 (1999): 1735-55.
39. Benedetti, F., M. Lanotte, L. Lopiano, and L. Colloca. "When Words Are Painful: Unraveling the Mechanisms of the Nocebo Effect." Neuroscience 147, no. 2 (2007): 260-71.
40. Bennett, W. Lance. News: The Politics of Illusion. New York: Longman, 1983.
41. Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckman. The Social Construction of Reality. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor, 1967.
42. Bergeron, Henri. "Les Politiques de Santé Publique ou le Souci Tutélaire du Bien-être Collectif." Unpublished manuscript, 2009.
43. Bergeron, Henri, Patrick Castel, and Abigail C. Saguy. "Instrument-Driven Frames: The Case of Obesity in the United States and France." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Center for European Studies, Barcelona, Spain, June 20, 2011.
44. Berkowitz, Robert I., Thomas A. Wadden, Andrew M. Tershakovec, and Joanna L. Cronquist. "Behavior Therapy and Sibutramine for the Treatment of Adolescent Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1805-12.
45. Berman, Rick. "Industry Salivates over New Cash Cow." Atlanta Journal-Constitution. February 23, 2005.
46. Best, Joel. Social Problems. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.
47. Biais, Jean-Marc. "Santé Publique: Pas de Diète au Sénat." L'Express. July 19, 2004.
48. Biltekoff, Charlotte. "The Terror Within: Obesity in Post 9/11 U.S. Life." American Studies 48, no. 3 (2007): 29-48.
49. Bish, Connie L., Heidi Michels Blanck, Mary K. Serdula, Michele Marcus, Harold W. Kohl, and Laura Kettel Khan. "Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors among Americans Trying to Lose Weight: 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System." Obesity Research 13 (2005): 596-607.
50. Blair, Steven N., and Tim S. Church. "The Fitness, Obesity, and Health Equation: Is Physical Activity the Common Denominator?" JAMA 292 (2004): 1232-34.
51. Blair, Steven N., James B. Kampert, Harold W. Kohl, III, Carolyn E. Barlow, Caroline A. Macera, Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Jr., and Larry W. Gibbons. "Influences of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Other Precursors on Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Men and Women." JAMA276, no. 3 (1996): 205-10.
52. Blair, Steven N., Harold W. Kohl, III, Carolyn E. Barlow, S. Ralph Paffenbarger, Jr., Larry W. Gibbons, and Caroline A. Macera. "Changes in Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy and Unhealthy Men." JAMA 273, no. 14 (1995): 1093-98.
53. Blum, Linda. At the Breast: Ideologies of Breastfeeding and Motherhood in the Contemporary United States. Boston: Beacon Press, 2000.
54. Blum, Linda M., and Estye R. Fenton. "Mothering with Neuroscience in a Neoliberal Age: Child Disorders in Precarious Times." Unpublished manuscript, Boston, MA, Northeastern University, 2012.
55. Bocquier, Aurélie, Pierre Verger, Arnaud Basdevant, Gérard Andreotti, Jean Baretge, and Alain Paraponaris. "Overweight and Obesity: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of General Practitioners in France." Obesity Research 13 (2005): 787-95.
56. Bodenheimer, Thomas. "High and Rising Health Care Costs. Part 2: Technological Innovation." Annals of Internal Medicine 142, no. 11 (2005): 932-37.
57. Boero, Natalie. "All the News That's Fat to Print: The American 'Obesity Epidemic' and the Media." Qualitative Sociology 30, no. 1 (2007): 41-60.
58. Bordo, Susan. Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
59. Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.
60. Bourdieu, Pierre. "The Forms of Capital." In Handbook for Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education , edited by John G. Richardson, 241-58. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986.
61. Bourdieu, Pierre. Homo Academicus. Translated by Peter Collier. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988.
62. Bourdieu, Pierre. Language and Symbolic Power. Edited by John Thompson. Translated by Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson. 5th ed. New York: Polity Press, 1999.
63. Bourdieu, Pierre, and Loïc J. D. Wacquant. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
64. Braiker, Brian. "Beets, Not Burgers." Newsweek. June 25, 2003.
65. Bravata, Dena M., Lisa Sanders, Jane Huang, Harlan M. Krumholz, Ingram Olkin, Christopher D. Gardner, and Dawn M. Bravata. "Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets: A Systematic Review." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1837-50.
66. Bray, George A. "Low-Carbohydrate Diets and Realities of Weight Loss." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1853-55.
67. Brenner, Leslie. American Appetite. New York: HarperCollins, 1999.
68. Brodey, Denise. "Blacks Join the Eating-Disorder Mainstream." New York Times. September 20, 2005.
69. Brody, Jane E. "Exposing the Perils of Eating Disorders." New York Times. December 12, 2000.
70. Brody, Jane E. "Health Watch." New York Times. March 26, 1997.
71. Brody, Jane E. "How Cancer Rose to the Top of the Charts." New York Times. October 13, 2011.
72. Brody, Jane E. "Out of Control: A True Story of Binge Eating." New York Times. February 20, 2007.
73. Brown, Ian. "Nurses' Attitudes towards Adult Patients Who Are Obese: Literature Review." Journal of Advanced Nursing 53, no. 2 (2006): 221-32.
74. Brown, Ian, Chris Stride, Aikaterini Psarou, Louise Brewins, and Joanne Thompson. "Management of Obesity in Primary Care: Nurses' Practices, Beliefs, and Attitudes." Journal of Advanced Nursing 59, no. 4 (2007): 329-41.
75. Brown, Peter J. "Culture and the Evolution of Obesity." Human Nature 2, no. 1 (1991): 31-57.
76. Brownell, Kelly, and Katherine Battle Horgen. Food Fight: The Inside Story of the Food Industry, America's Obesity Crisis, and What We Can Do about It. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
77. Brownell, Kelly D., and David S. Ludwig. "Fighting Obesity and the Food Lobby." Washington Post. June 9, 2002.
78. Brownell, Kelly D., Rebecca M. Puhl, Marlene B. Schwartz, and Leslie Rudd, eds. Weight Bias: Nature, Consequences, and Remedies. New York: Guilford Press, 2005.
79. Bruch, Hilde. The Golden Cage: The Enigma of Anorexia Nervosa. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
80. Budd, Geraldine M., Megan Mariotti, Diane Graff, and Kathleen Falkenstein. "Health Care Professionals' Attitudes about Obesity: An Integrative Review." Applied Nursing Research 24 (2011): 127-37.
81. Burgard, Deb. "Keynote." Presented at a joint meeting of the NAAFA and ASDAH annual convention, Chicago, IL, July 15, 2007.
82. Business Wire. "Physical Inactivity & Poor Eating Habits Becoming Leading Causes of Preventable Deaths; Cuts Fitness for Men Providing an Effective & Popular Solution," March 16, 2004.
83. Buss, Dale. "Is the Food Industry the Problem or the Solution?" New York Times. August 29, 2004.
84. Campbell, Karen, Helen Engel, Anna Timperio, Catherine Cooper, and David Crawford. "Obesity Management: Australian General Practitioners' Attitudes and Practices." Obesity Research 8 (2000): 459-66.
85. Campos, Paul. The Obesity Myth: Why America's Obsession with Weight Is Hazardous to Your Health. New York: Gotham Books, 2004.
86. Campos, Paul, Abigail C. Saguy, Paul Ernsberger, Eric Oliver, and Glen Gaesser. "The Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity: Public Health Crisis or Moral Panic?" International Journal of Epidemiology 35, no. 1 (2006): 55-60.
87. Caplan, Paula J. "Elephant in the Living Room: Obesity Epidemic and Psychiatric Drugs." Science Isn't Golden: Matters of the Mind and Heart. Psychology Today. May 13, 2011. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/science-isnt-golden/201105/elephant-in-the-living-room-obesity-epidemicand-psychiatric-drugs.
88. Carlsson, Maria E. "Cancer Patients Seeking Information from Sources Outside the Health Care System." Supportive Care in Cancer 8, no. 6 (2000): 453-57.
89. Center for Consumer Freedom. "An Epidemic of Obesity Myths." http://www.obesitymyths.com/downloads/obesityMyths.pdf.
90. Center for Consumer Freedom. "Print Ads." http://www.consumerfreedom.com/advertisements_print.cfm.
91. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Frequently Asked Questions about Calculating Obesity-Related Risk." CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/PDF/Frequently_Asked_Questions_About_Calculating_Obesity-Related_Risk.pdf.
92. Chapkins, Wendy. Beauty Secrets: Women and the Politics of Appearance. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1999.
93. Chastain, Ragen. "Dances with Fat: Health Comes in All Shapes and Sizes." http://danceswithfat.wordpress.com/blog/.
94. Choy, Bonnie, Eric Hansen, Arthur J. Moss, Scott McNitt, Wojciech Zareba, and Ilan Goldenberg. "Relation of Body Mass Index to Sudden Cardiac Death and the Benefit of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Healing of Myocardial Infarction." American Journal of Cardiology 105, no. 5 (2010): 581-86.
95. Christakis, Nicholas A., and James H. Fowler. "The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years." New England Journal of Medicine 357, no. 4 (2007): 370-79.
96. Clarke, Juanne N., and Michelle M. Everest. "Cancer in the Mass Print Media: Fear, Uncertainty and the Medical Model." Social Science and Medicine 62 (2006): 2591-600.
97. Clemons, Mark, and Paul Goss. "Estrogen and the Risk of Breast Cancer." New England Journal of Medicine 344, no. 4 (2001): 276-85.
98. Cohen, Jacob. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988.
99. Cohen, Stanley. Folk Devils and Moral Panics. New York: Routledge, 1972.
100. Cole, Tim J., Mary C. Bellizzi, Katherine M. Flegal, and William H. Dietz. "Establishing a Standard Definition for Child Overweight and Obesity Worldwide: International Survey." BMJ 320 (2000): 1-6.
101. Collins, Patricia Hill. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
102. Conley, Dalton, and Rebecca Glauber. "Gender, Body Mass, and Economic Status: New Evidence from the PSID." Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research 17 (2007): 253-75.
103. Conrad, Peter, and Joseph W. Schneider. Deviance and Medicalization: From Badness to Sickness. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992.
104. Cooper, Charlotte. "Fat Activism in Ten Astonishing, Beguiling, Inspiring and Beautiful Episodes." In Fat Studies in the UK , edited by Corinna Tomrley and Ann Kaloski, 19-31. York, UK: Raw Nerve Books, 2009.
105. Cooper, Charlotte. Fat and Proud: The Politics of Size. London: Women's Press, 1998.
106. Cooper, Charlotte. "Fat Studies: Mapping the Field." Sociology Compass 4, no. 12 (2010): 1020-34.
107. Cooper, Charlotte. "The Story of the Chubsters." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Popular Culture & American Culture Associations, New Orleans, LA, April 11, 2009.
108. Corrada, Mari{dotless}a M., Claudia H. Kawas, Farah Mozaffar, and Annlia Paganini-Hill. "Association of Body Mass Index and Weight Change with All-Cause Mortality in the Elderly." American Journal of Epidemiology 163, no. 10 (2006): 938-49.
109. Cox, Lauren. "Courts Charge Mother of 555-Pound Boy: A Mother Facing Felony Charges for Her Son's Obesity." ABCNews.com. June 29, 2009.
110. Cox, Lauren. "Scottish Courts Briefly Take Obese Mother's Newborn Child." ABCNews.com. October 27, 2009.
111. Crandall, Chris S. "Prejudice against Fat People: Ideology and Self-Interest." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 (1994): 882-94.
112. Crandall, Chris S., and Amy Eshleman. "A Justification-Suppression Model of the Expression and Experience of Prejudice." Psychological Bulletin 129, no. 3 (2003): 414-46.
113. Crandall, Christian. "Do Parents Discriminate against Their Heavyweight Daughters?" Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 1 (1995): 724-35.
114. Crandall, Christian, and Rebecca Martinez. "Culture, Ideology, and Antifat Attitudes." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22 (1996): 1165-76.
115. Crawford, Robert. "Healthism and the Medicalization of Everyday Life." International Journal of Health Services 10 (1980): 365-88.
116. Crenshaw, Kimberlé. "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Policies." University of Chicago Legal Forum (1989): 139-67.
117. Critser, Greg. Fat Land: How Americans Became the Fattest People in the World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.
118. Curtis, Jeptha P., Jared G. Selter, Yongfei Wang, Saif S. Rathore, Ion S. Jovin, Farid Jadbabaie, Mikhail Kosiborod, Edward L. Portnay, Seth I. Sokol, Feras Bader, and Harlan M. Krumholz. "The Obesity Paradox." Archives of Internal Medicine 165, no. 1 (2005): 55-61.
119. Daníelsdóttira, Sigrun, Kerry S. O'Brien, and Anna Ciao. "Anti-Fat Prejudice Reduction: A Review of Published Studies." Obesity Facts 3 (2010): 47-58.
120. Dannenberg, Andrew L., Deron C. Burton, and Richard J. Jackson. "Economic and Environmental Costs of Obesity: The Impact on Airlines." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 27, no. 3 (2004): 264.
121. Darnton, Robert. "Writing News and Telling Stories." Daedalus 104 (1975): 175-94.
122. Davis, Lennard J. "Obsession: Against Mental Health." In Against Health: How Health Became the New Morality , edited by Jonathan M. Metzl and Anna Kirkland, 121-32. New York: New York University Press, 2010.
123. de Vries, Jantina. "The Obesity Epidemic: Medical and Ethical Considerations." Science Engineering and Ethics 13, no. 1 (2007): 55-67.
124. DeJong, William. "The Stigma of Obesity: The Consequences of Naïve Assumptions Concerning the Causes of Physical Deviance." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 21 (1980): 75-87.
125. Delude, Cathryn M. "Time to Take a Vacation from Television as School Ends, Keep Kids Healthy by Limiting TV Time." Boston Globe. June 10, 2003.
126. DePatie, Jeanette. "The HAES Files: A Tale of Two Billboards." Association for Size Diversity and Health, February 2, 2012. http://healthateverysizeblog.org/2012/02/07/the-haes-files-a-tale-of-two-billboards/.
127. Dietz, William H. "Does Hunger Cause Obesity?" Pediatrics 95 (1995): 766-67.
128. Dobbin, Frank. Forging Industrial Policy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
129. Dolnick, Sam. "The Obesity-Hunger Paradox." New York Times. March 12, 2010.
130. Drewnowski, Adam, and Anne Barratt-Fornell. "Do Healthier Diets Cost More?" Nutrition Today 39, no. 4 (2004): 161-68.
131. Drury, C. A., and M. Louis. "Exploring the Association between Body Weight, Stigma of Obesity, and Health Care Avoidance." Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 14, no. 12 (2002): 554-60.
132. Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon A., Daniel L. McGee, Richard S. Cooper, Youlian Liao, and Amy Luke. "Mortality and Optimal Body Mass Index in a Sample of the U.S. Population." American Journal of Epidemiology 147, no. 8 (1998): 739-49.
133. Durkheim, Emile. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: Free Press, 1995 [1912].
134. Eaton, Joe. "The Battle over Heavy T." Washington City Paper. September 26, 2007.
135. Edgley, Charles, and Dennis Brissett. "Health Nazis and the Cult of the Perfect Body: Some Polemic Observations." Symbolic Interaction 13, no. 2 (1990): 257-79.
136. Ehrenreich, Barbara, and Deirdre English. For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts' Advice to Women. New York: Anchor Press, 1989.
137. Elliot, Carl. "Pharmaceutical Propaganda." In Against Health: How Health Became the New Morality , edited by Jonathan M. Metzl and Anna Kirkland, 93-104. New York: New York University Press, 2010.
138. Entman, Robert M. "Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm." Journal of Communication 43, no. 4 (1993): 51-58.
139. Epstein, Steven. Impure Science: AIDS, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
140. Epstein, Steven. Inclusion: The Politics of Difference in Medical Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.
141. Ericson, Richard, Patricia M. Baranek, and Janet B. C. Chan. Negotiating Control: A Study of News Sources. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989.
142. Ernsberger, P. "Surgery Risks Outweigh Its Benefits." Obesity & Health (March/April 1991): 24-25.
143. Ernsberger, P., and R. J. Koletsky. "Weight Cycling and Mortality: Support from Animal Studies." JAMA 269 (1993): 1116.
144. Ernsberger, P., R. J. Koletsky, J. S. Baskin, and L. A. Collins. "Consequences of Weight Cycling in Obese Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats." American Journal of Physiology 270, no. 39 (1996): R864-R872.
145. Ernsberger, P., and D. O. Nelson. "Refeeding Hypertension in Dietary Obesity." American Journal of Physiology 254, no. 23 (1998): R47-R55.
146. Ernsberger, Paul, and Paul Haskew. Rethinking Obesity: An Alternative View of Its Health Implications. New York: Human Sciences Press, 1987.
147. Esposito, Katherine, Alessandro Pontillo, Carmen Di Palo, Giovanni Giugliano, Mariangela Masella, Marfella Raffaele, and Dario Giugliano. "Effect of Weight Loss and Lifestyle Changes on Vascular Inflammatory Markers in Obese Women: A Randomized Trial." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1799-804.
148. Ettinger, Mark P., Thomas W. Littlejohn, Sherwyn L. Schwartz, Stuart R. Weiss, Harris H. McIlwain, Steven B. Heymsfield, George A. Bray, William G. Roberts, Eugene R. Heyman, Nancy Stambler, Stanley Heshka, Catherine Vicary, and Hans-Peter Guler. "Recombinant Variant of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor for Weight Loss in Obese Adults: A Randomized, Dose-Ranging Study." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1826-32.
149. Faith, Myles S., Mary Ann Leone, Tim S. Ayers, Heo Moonseong, and Angelo Pietrobelli. "Weight Criticism during Physical Activity, Coping Skills, and Reported Physical Activity in Children." Pt. 1. Pediatrics 110, no. 2 (2002): e23.
150. Farrell, Amy Erdman. Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in American Culture. New York: New York University Press, 2011.
151. Farrell, Stephen W., LeeAnn Braun, Carolyn E. Barlow, Yiling J. Cheng, and Steven N. Blair. "The Relation of Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and All-Cause Mortality in Women." Obesity Research 10, no. 6 (2001): 417-23.
152. Fauber, John. "Obesity 'Epidemic' Sweeping Nation; Studies Show Sharp Increase in Percentage of Dangerously Overweight Adults in U.S." Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. October 27, 1999.
153. Fauber, John. "Obesity Hurts Kids' Lifestyles Like Cancer, Study Finds." Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. April 9, 2003.
154. Fauber, John, and Mark Johnson. "Losing Weight; Heavy Burden; the Obesity Epidemic." Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. July 8, 2003.
155. Fauber, John, and Mark Johnson. "Losing Weight, Regaining Lives: More Obese People Are Choosing Surgery as a Last Result." Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. July 8, 2003.
156. Fauber, John, and Mark Johnson. "Super-Size Problem; Americans' Struggle with Obesity Takes Breathtaking Toll." Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. July 6, 2003.
157. Feder, Barnaby J. "One Alternative: A Ring That Squeezes the Stomach." New York Times. May 27, 2005.
158. Ferguson, Andrew. "Just What Fat People Need-the Government's Help." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. March 21, 2004.
159. Ferguson, Ann Arnett. Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.
160. Ferrante, Jeanne M., Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Shawna V. Hudson, Karissa A. Hahn, John G. Scott, and Benjamin F. Crabtree. "Colorectal Cancer Screening among Obese Versus Non-Obese Patients in Primary Care Practices." Cancer Detection and Prevention Journal 30, no. 5 (2006): 459-65.
161. Fikkan, Janna L., and Esther Rothblum. "Is Fat a Feminist Issue? Exploring the Gendered Nature of Weight Bias." Sex Roles 66, no. 9 (2012): 575-92.
162. Fischler, Claude, and Estelle Masson. Manger: Français, Européens et Américains Face à l'Alimentation. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2008.
163. Flegal, K. M., M. D. Carroll, R. J. Kuczmarski, and C. L. Johnson. "Overweight and Obesity in the United States: Prevalence and Trends, 1960-1994." International Journal of Obesity 22, no. 1 (1998): 39-47.
164. Flegal, K. M., B. I. Graubard, D. F. Williamson, and M. H. Gail. "Excess Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity." JAMA 293, no. 15 (2005): 1861-67.
165. Flegal, Katherine M., Margaret D. Carroll, Brian K. Kit, and Cynthia L. Ogden. "Prevalence of Obesity and Trends in the Distribution of Body Mass Index among US Adults, 1999-2010." JAMA 307, no. 5 (2012): 491-97.
166. Flegal, Katherine M., Margaret D. Carroll, Cynthia L. Ogden, and Lester R. Curtin. "Prevalence and Trends in Obesity among U.S. Adults, 1999-2008." JAMA 303, no. 3 (2010): 235-41.
167. Flegal, Katherine M., Margaret D. Carroll, Cynthia L. Ogden, and Clifford L. Johnson. "Prevalence and Trends in Obesity among US Adults, 1999-2000." JAMA 288, no. 14 (2002): 1723-27.
168. Flegal, Katherine M., Barry I. Graubard, and David F. Williamson. "Methods of Calculating Deaths Attributable to Obesity." American Journal of Epidemiology 160, no. 4 (2004): 331-38.
169. Flegal, Katherine M., Barry I. Graubard, David F. Williamson, and Mitchell H. Gail. "Cause-Specific Excess Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity." JAMA 298, no. 17 (2008): 2028-37.
170. Flegal, Katherine M., Carolyn Tabak, J., and Cynthia L. Ogden. "Overweight in Children: Definitions and Interpretation." Health Education Research 21, no. 6 (2006): 755-60.
171. Fogelman, Y., S. Vinker, J Lachter, A. Biderman, B. Itzhak, and E. Kitai. "Managing Obesity: A Survey of Attitudes and Practices among Israeli Primary Care Physicians." International Journal of Obesity 26 (2002): 1393-97.
172. Forbes. "The Global 2000." Forbes.com. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/18/biz_07forbes2000_The-Global-2000_Rank.html.
173. Forer, Ben. "Arizona Governor Proposes Revamping Medicaid Program." ABCNews. April 2, 2011.
174. Foster, Gary D., Thomas A. Wadden, Angela P. Makris, Duncan Davidson, Rebecca Swain Sanderson, David B. Allison, and Amy Kessler. "Primary Care Physicians' Attitudes about Obesity and Its Treatment." Obesity Research 11, no. 10 (2003): 1168-77.
175. Foucault, Michel. History of Sexuality. Vol. 1, An Introduction. New York: Vintage, 1980.
176. Fournier, Agnès, and Mahmoud Zureik. "Estimate of Deaths Due to Valvular Insufficiency Attributable to the Use of Benfluorex in France." Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 21 (2012): 342-51.
177. Fraser, Laura. Losing It: False Hopes and Fat Profits in the Diet Industry. New York: Penguin Putnam, 1998.
178. Frederick, David A., Peplau Letiti Anne, and Janet Lever. "The Swimsuit Issue: Correlates of Body Image in a Sample of 52,677 Heterosexual Adults." Body Image 3, no. 4 (2006): 413-19.
179. Frederick, David A., Gordon B. Forbes, Kristina E. Grigorian, and Johanna M. Jarcho. "The UCLA Body Project I: Gender and Ethnic Differences in Self-Objectification and Body Satisfaction among 2,206 Undergraduates." Sex Roles 57 (2007): 317-27.
180. Frederick, David A., Abigail C. Saguy, and Kjerstin Gruys. "Does This Article Make Me Look Fat? How Anti-Fat Attitudes Are Shaped by Exposure to Specific News Representations of Fat Bodies." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Las Vegas, NV, August 17, 2011.
181. Friedman, Jeffrey. "A War on Obesity, Not the Obese." Science 299, no. 5608 (2003): 856-58.
182. Friedman, Roberta R. School Food: Opportunities for Improvement. New Haven, CT: Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity, 2009. http://www.yaleruddcenter.org/resources/upload/docs/what/reports/RuddBriefSchoolFoodPolicy2009.pdf.
183. Frincu-Mallos, Crina. "Psychotropic Medications Linked to Increased Rates of Obesity." Medscape Medical News. March 8, 2010.
184. Fumento, Michael. Fat of the Land: Our Health Crisis and How Overweight Americans Can Help Themselves. New York: Penguin, 1998.
185. Gadde, Kishore M., Deborah Franciscy, H. Ryan Wagner II, and K. Ranga R. Krishnan. "Zonisamide for Weight Loss in Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1820-25.
186. Gaesser, Glenn. Big Fat Lies: The Truth about Your Weight and Your Health. Carlsbad, CA: Gurze Books, 2002.
187. Gaesser, Glenn. Big Fat Lies: The Truth about Your Weight and Your Health. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1996.
188. Galea, Sandro, Melissa Tracy, Katherine J. Hoggatt, Charles DiMaggio, and Adam Karpati. "Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the United States." Minority Health & Health Equity Archive 101, no. 8 (2011): 1456-65.
189. Galuska, Deborah A., Julie C. Will, Mary Serdula, and Earl S. Ford. "Are Health Care Professionals Advising Obese Patients to Lose Weight?" JAMA 282, no. 16 (1999): 1576-78.
190. Gamson, Joshua. Freaks Talk Back: Tabloid Talk Shows and Sexual Nonconformity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
191. Gamson, Joshua. "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma." Social Problems 42, no. 3 (1995): 390-407.
192. Gamson, William. Talking Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
193. Gans, Herbert. Deciding What's News. New York: Pantheon, 1979.
194. Gard, Michael, and Jan Wright. The Obesity Epidemic: Science, Morality, and Ideology. New York: Routledge, 2005.
195. Gerber, Lynne. Seeking the Straight and Narrow. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
196. Gibbs, Wayt. "Obesity: An Overblown Epidemic?" Scientific American. June 2005, 72-77.
197. Gieryn, Thomas F. and Anne E. Figert. "Ingredients for a Theory of Science in Society: O-Rings, Ice Water, C-Clamp, Richard Feynman, and the Press." In Theories of Science in Society. edited by Susan E. Cozzens and Thomas F. Gieryn, 67-97. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.
198. Gilens, Martin. Why Americans Hate Welfare. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.
199. Gilman, Sander L. Fat: A Cultural History of Obesity. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2008.
200. Gilman, Sander L. Fat Boys: A Slim Book. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
201. Glassner, Barry. The Gospel of Food: Everything You Know about Food Is Wrong: New York: Ecco, 2007.
202. Goeree, Michelle, John C. Ham, and Daniela Iorio. "Caught in the Bulimic Trap? Socioeconomic Status, State Dependence, and Unobserved Heterogeneity." In Working Paper Series. 1-41. Zurich: Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, 2009.
203. Goffman, Erving. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. New York: Harper Colophon, 1974.
204. Goffman, Erving. Stigma: Notes on the Management of a Spoiled Identity. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
205. Goode, Erica. "Anorexia Strategy: Family as Doctor." New York Times. June 11, 2002.
206. Goode, Erica. "Watching Volunteers, Experts Seek Clues to Eating Disorders." New York Times. October 24, 2000.
207. Goode, Erich. "Sex with Informants as Deviant Behavior: An Account and Commentary." Deviant Behavior 20 (1999): 501-34.
208. Goode, Erich, and Ben-Yehuda Nachman. Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1994.
209. Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Melissa C. Nelson, Phil Page, and Barry M. Popkin. "Inequality in the Built Environment Underlies Key Health Disparities in Physical Activity and Obesity." Pediatrics 117, no. 2 (2006): 417-24.
210. Gortmaker, Steven L., Aviva Must, James M. Perrin, Arthur M. Sobol, and William H. Dietz. "Social and Economic Consequences of Overweight in Adolescence and Young Adulthood." New England Journal of Medicine 329, no. 14 (1993): 1008-12.
211. Gray, Emma. "Georgia Anti-Obesity Ads Say 'Stop Sugarcoating' Childhood Obesity." The Huffington Post. January 3, 2012.
212. Greene, Lisa. "Fighting Obesity in America; It's What's Killing Us." St. Petersburg Times (Florida). March 10, 2004.
213. Griffith, Dorsey. "U.S. Diet, Inactivity Rival Tobacco as Top Preventable Cause of Death." Sacramento Bee. March 10, 2004.
214. Griswold, Wendy. Cultures and Societies in a Changing World. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1994.
215. Griswold, Wendy. "The Fabrication of Meaning: Literary Interpretation in the United States, Great Britain, and the West Indies." American Journal of Sociology 92, no. 5 (1987): 1077-117.
216. Griswold, Wendy. "A Methodological Framework for the Sociology of Culture." Sociological Methodology 17 (1987): 1-35.
217. Gross, Joan. "Phat." In Fat: The Anthropology of an Obsession , edited by Don Kulick and Anne Meneley, 63-76. New York: Tarcher/Penguin, 2005.
218. Grossman, Jennifer. "Vogue vs. Health." National Review. July 8, 2003.
219. Gruys, Kjerstin. "Day 257: Does the CDC Care about Eating Disorders?Or, Why My NHANES 'Preliminary Report (Card) of Findings' Made Me Feel Fat." Mirror, Mirror... OFF the Wall, December 6, 2011.www.ayearwithoutmirrors.com/2011/12/day-257-does-cdc-care-abouteating.html.
220. Gruys, Kjerstin. "Does This Make Me Look Fat? Aesthetic Labor and Fat Talk as Emotional Labor in a Women's Plus-Size Clothing Store." Social Problems 59, no. 4 (forthcoming).
221. Gruys, Kjerstin. "Living Mannequins: How Fit Models Accomplish Aesthetic Labor through Bodily Capital and Embodied Cultural Capital." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Denver, CO, August 17, 2012.
222. Guiliano, Mireille. French Women Don't Get Fat: The Secret of Eating for Pleasure. New York: Knopf, 2004.
223. Guralnik, David B., ed. Webster's New World Dictionary. 2nd ed. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.
224. Gusfield, Joseph R. The Culture of Public Problems: Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
225. Guthman, Julie. Weighing In: Obesity, Food Justice, and the Limits of Capitalism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.
226. Guthman, Julie, and Melanie DuPuis. "Embodying Neoliberalism: Economy, Culture, and the Politics of Fat." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 24, no. 3 (2006): 427-48.
227. Guyll, Max, Karen A. Matthews, and Joyce T. Bromberger. "Discrimination and Unfair Treatment: Relationship to Cardiovascular Reactivity among African American and European American Women." Health Psychology 20, no. 5 (2001): 315-25.
228. Haapanen-Niemi, N., S. Miilunpalo, M. Pasanen, I. Vuori, P. Oja, and J.Malmberg. "Body Mass Index, Physical Inactivity and Low Level of Physical Fitness as (p.234) Determinants of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality-16 Y Follow-up of Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women." International Journal of Obesity 24, no. 11 (2000): 1465-74.
229. Hackett, Edward J., Oiga Amsterdamska, Michael Lynch, and Judy Wacjcman, eds. The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.
230. Hacking, Ian. "Kinds of People: Moving Targets." Proceedings of the British Academy 151 (2007): 285-318.
231. Hammond, Ross A., and Ruth Levine. "The Economic Impact of Obesity in the United States." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 3 (2010): 285-95.
232. Harding, Sandra. Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
233. Hart, Nicky. "Famine, Maternal Nutrition and Infant Mortality: A Re-Examination of the Dutch Hunger Winter." Population Studies 47 (1993): 27-46.
234. Hartocollis, Anemona. "New York Asks to Bar Use of Food Stamps to Buy Sodas." New York Times. October 6, 2010.
235. Harvard School of Public Health. "Despite Conflicting Studies about Obesity, Most Americans Think the Problem Remains Serious." http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/archives/2005-releases/press07142005.html.
236. Harvard School of Public Health. "Obesity Controversy: Flawed Obesity Study Minimizes Health Risks of Excess Weight." http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/nutrition-news/obesity-study/.
237. Harvey, E. L., and A. J. Hill. "Health Professionals' Views of Overweight People and Smokers." International Journal of Obesity 25 (2001): 1253-61.
238. Hawkins, Katherine W., and Darren L. Linvill. "Public Health Framing of News Regarding Childhood Obesity in the United States." Health Communication 25 (2010): 709-17.
239. Healthy Weight Journal. "Healthy Weight Journal: A 21-Year Legacy." http://www.healthyweightnetwork.com/journal.htm.
240. Hebl, Michelle R., and Todd F. Heatherton. "The Stigma of Obesity in Women: The Difference Is Black and White." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24, no. 4 (1998): 417-26.
241. Hellmich, Nanci. "It's Tough Being an Obese Kid." USA Today. April 9, 2003.
242. Hellmich, Nanci. "Rising Obesity Will Cost U.S. Health Care $344 Billion a Year." USA Today. November 17, 2009.
243. Hennen, Peter. Faeries, Bears and Leathermen: Men in Community Queering the Masculine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
244. Heo, Moonseong, David B. Allison, and Kevin R. Fontaine. "Overweight, Obesity, and Colorectal Cancer Screening: Disparity between Men and Women." BMC Public Health 4 (2004): 53.
245. Herrndobler, Kristina "Deaths Due to Obesity Rise 33 Percent in 10 Years." Chicago Tribune. March 10, 2004.
246. Heshka, Stanley, James W. Anderson, Richard L. Atkinson, Frank L. Greenway, James O. Hill, Stephen D. Phinney, Ronette L. Kolotkin, Karen Miller-Kovach, and F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer. "Weight Loss with Self-Help Compared with a Structured Commercial Program: A Randomized Trial." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1792-98.
247. Hesse-Biber, Sharlene. Am I Thin Enough Yet? The Cult of Thinness and the Commercialization of Identity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996
248. Heymsfield, Steven B., Andrew S. Greenberg, Ken Fujioka, Russell M. Dixon, Robert Kushner, Thomas Hunt, John A. Lubina, Janet Patane, Barbara Self, Pam Hunt, and Mark McCamish. "Recombinant Leptin for Weight Loss in Obese and Lean Adults: A Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Escalation Trial." JAMA 282, no. 16 (1999): 1568-75.
249. Hilgarten, Stephen, and Charles L. Bosk. "The Rise and Fall of Social Problems: A Public Arenas Model." American Journal of Sociology 94, no. 1 (1988): 53-78.
250. Hirsch, Martin. "Tribune Libre-Martin Hirsch." L'Express. July 26, 2004.
251. Hirshliefer, David. "The Blind Leading the Blind: Social Influence, Fads and Information Cascades." In The New Economics of Human Behavior , edited by Mariano Tommasi and Kathryn Ierulli, 188-215. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
252. Hitti, Miranda. "Is Obesity Contagious? Research Shows You're More Likely to Gain Weight If Your Family and Friends Become Obese." CBSNews. June 25, 2007.
253. Hochman, Nancy S. "Eating Disorders Strike Younger Girls and Men." New York Times. April 28, 1996.
254. Holsti, Ole R. Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969.
255. Hsu, Karen. "As US Obesity Rises, Scientists See Health Crisis." Boston Globe. October 27, 1999.
256. Hu, Frank B., Tricia Y. Li, Graham A. Colditz, Walter C. Willett, and JoAnn E. Mansen. "Television Watching and Other Sedentary Behaviors in Relation to Risk of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1785-91.
257. Hubel, Joy Alter. "Studies under Way in Fight against Binging Disorder." New York Times. August 3, 1997.
258. Hudson, Mike. "America Is Fat, Getting Fatter; Nearly 1 in 5 Obese; Results Can Be Fatal." Times-Picayune. October 27, 1999.
259. Hunt, Darnell. O. J. Simpson Facts and Fictions: News Rituals in the Construction of Reality. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
260. Inkeles, Alex. "Continuity and Change in the American National Character." In The Third Century: America as a Post-Industrial Society , edited by Seymour Martin Lipset, 390-453. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1979.
261. International Association for the Study of Obesity. "IOTF History." IASO. http://www.iaso.org/policy/iotfhistory/.
262. Irving, Lori M. "Promoting Size Acceptance in Elementary School Children: The EDAP Puppet Program." Eating Disorders 8 (2000): 221-32.
263. Isherwood, Charles. "A Happy Family Is Stalked by Heartbreak as a Daughter Wastes Herself Away." New York Times. November 1, 2005.
264. Jacobs, Joanne. "The Fat Patrol Is Closing In: They'll Tax Your Cheeseburger and Lecture You to Boot." San Jose Mercury News. January 8, 2000.
265. Jakicic, John M., Carena Winters, Wei Lang, and Rena R. Wing. "Effects of Intermittent Exercise and Use of Home Exercise Equipment on Adherence, Weight Loss, and Fitness in Overweight Women." JAMA 282, no. 16 (1999): 1554-60.
266. James, William. The Principles of Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.
267. Jameson, Marni. "Fed Up with Fat and Saying Something about It." Los Angeles Times. February 1, 2010.
268. Jasanoff, Sheila. "The Idiom of Co-Production." In States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order , edited by Sheila Jasanoff, 1-12. New York: Routledge, 2004.
269. Jenkins, Philip. Intimate Enemies: Moral Panics in Contemporary Great Britain. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1992.
270. Johnston, Josée, and Judith Taylor. "Feminist Consumerism and Fat Activists: A Comparative Study of Grassroots Activism and the Dove Real Beauty Campaign." Signs 33, no. 4 (2008): 941-66.
271. Kalb, Claudia. "When Weight Loss Goes Awry." Newsweek. July 3, 2000, 46.
272. Kalb, Claudia, and Karen Springen. "Pump Up the Family." Newsweek. April 25, 2005, 62.
273. Kaplan, Karen. "'Maggie Goes on a Diet' the Sensible Way in Children's Book." Los Angeles Times. August 23, 2011.
274. Kavvoura, Fotini K., George Liberopoulos, and John P. A. Ioannidi. "Selection in Reported Epidemiological Risks: An Empirical Assessment." PLOS Medicine 4, no. 3 (2007): 456-65.
275. Kelly, Erin, and Frank Dobbin. "How Affirmative Action Became Diversity Management." American Behavioral Scientist 41, no. 7 (1998): 960-84.
276. Kersh, Rogan. "The Politics of Obesity: A Current Assessment and Look Ahead." Milbank Quarterly 87, no. 1 (2009): 295-316.
277. Kersh, Rogan, and James Morone. "How the Personal Becomes Political: Prohibitions, Public Health, and Obesity." Studies in American Political Development 16 (Fall 2002): 162-75.
278. Kersh, Rogan. "The Politics of Obesity: Seven Steps to Government Action." Health Affairs 21, no. 6 (2002): 142-53.
279. Khan, Shamu Rahman. Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite at St. Paul's School. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.
280. Kirkland, Anna. "Conclusion: What Next?" In Against Health: How Health Became the New Morality , edited by Jonathan M. Metzl and Anna Kirkland, 195-204. New York: New York University Press, 2010.
281. Kirkland, Anna. Fat Rights: Dilemmas of Difference and Personhood. New York: New York University Press, 2008.
282. Kirkland, Anna. "Think of the Hippopotamus: Rights Consciousness in the Fat Acceptance Movement." Law and Society Review 42, no. 2 (2008): 397-431.
283. Kirkwood, Thomas. "Why Women Live Longer: Stress Alone Does Not Explain the Longevity Gap." Scientific American. October 21, 2010.
284. Klein, Richard. Eat Fat. New York: Pantheon, 1996.
285. Knorr Cetina, Karen. Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
286. Kolata, Gina. "For a World of Woes, We Blame Cookie Monsters." New York Times. October 29, 2006.
287. Kolata, Gina. Rethinking Thin: The New Science of Weight Loss-and the Myths and Realities about Dieting. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.
288. Kolata, Gina. "So Big and Healthy Grandpa Wouldn't Even Know You." New York Times. July 30, 2006.
289. Kolata, Gina. "Study Tying Longer Life to Extra Pounds Draws Fire." New York Times. May 27, 2005.
290. Koplan, Jeffrey P., and William H. Dietz. "Caloric Imbalance and Public Health." JAMA 282 (1999): 1579-81.
291. Kramer, Paul. Maggie Goes on a Diet. Boise, ID: Aloha Publishers, 2011.
292. Krieger, Nancy. "Embodying Inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination." International Journal of Health Services 29, no. 2 (1999): 295-352.
293. Kuczmarski, Robert J., Katherine. M. Flegal, Stephen M. Campbell, and Clifford L. Johnson. "Increasing Prevalence of Overweight among US Adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991." JAMA 272 (1994): 205-11.
294. Kuntzman, Gersh. "American Beat: Food Fight." Newsweek. December 9, 2002.
295. Lakoff, George. The Political Mind: Why You Can't Understand 21st-Century American Politics with an 18th-Century Brain. New York: Viking, 2008.
296. Lamont, Michèle. The Dignity of Working Men: Morality and the Boundaries of Race, Class, and Immigration. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
297. Lamont, Michèle. Money, Morals and Manners: The Culture of the French and American Upper-Middle Class. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
298. Lamont, Michèle. "Responses to Racism, Health, and Social Inclusion as a Dimension of Successful Societies." In Successful Societies: How Culture and Institutions Affect Health , edited by Peter Hall and Michèle Lamont, 151-68. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
299. Lamont, Michèle, and Laurent Thévenot. Rethinking Comparative Cultural Sociology: Repertoires of Evaluation in France and the U.S. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Paris: Presses de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 2000.
300. Landau, Elizabeth. "Thinner Is Better to Curb Global Warming, Study Says." CNN.com. April 20, 2009.
301. Lasalandra, Michael. "Doctors Say Losing Weight Is Emphasized Too Heavily." Boston Herald. January 1, 1998.
302. Laurance, Jeremy. "Overweight? Study Shows You'll Live Longer." The Independent. April 21, 2005.
303. Lawrence, Regina G. "Framing Obesity: The Evolution of News Discourse on a Public Health Issue." Press/Politics 9, no. 3 (2004): 56-75.
304. Learner, Tobsha. "Why I Love Getting to Grips with a Fat Man." The Times (London). July 10, 2010.
305. LeBesco, Kathleen. Revolting Bodies: The Struggle to Redefine Fat Identity. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2004.
306. Lehrer, Jonah. "The Truth Wears Off." New Yorker. December 13, 2010.
307. Leonard, Mary. "US Launches a Fight against Obesity." Boston Globe. March 10, 2004.
308. Lepore, Stephen J., Tracey A. Revenson, Sarah Weinberger, Peter Weston, Pasquale Frisina, Rommel Robertson, Minerva Mentor Portillo, Hollie Jones, and William Cross. "Effects of Social Stressors on Cardiovascular Reactivity in Black and White Women." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 31, no. 2 (2006): 120-27.
309. Link, Bruce G., Francis T. Cullen, Elmer Struening, Patrick E. Shrout, and Bruce P. Dohrenwend. "A Modified Labeling Theory Approach to Mental Disorders: An Empirical Assessment." American Sociological Review 54, no. 3 (1989): 400-23.
310. Liotta, Jarret. "Searching for a New Way to Treat Bulimia." New York Times. June 6, 1999.
311. Lippman, Abby. "The Politics of Health: Geneticization Versus Health Promotion." In The Politics of Women's Health: Exploring Agency and Autonomy , edited by Susan Sherwin, 64-82. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.
312. Loe, Meika. The Rise of Viagra: How the Little Blue Pill Changed Sex in America. New York: New York University Press, 2004.
313. Lovric, Lydia. "Child Obesity a Form of Abuse." Winnipeg Sun. June 6, 2005
314. Ludwig, David, Mark A. Pereira, Candyce H. Kroenke, Joan E. Hilner, Linda Van Horn, Martha L. Slattery, and David R. Jacobs. "Dietary Fiber, Weight Gain, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Young Adults." JAMA 282, no. 16 (1999): 1539-46.
315. Luik, John. "400,000 Big Fat Lies: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control Climbed Down from an Obesity Mortality Study Its Own Experts Challenged Prior to Publication." National Post's Financial Post & FP Investing. June 21, 2005, FP23.
316. Lupton, Deborah. The Imperative of Health: Public Health and the Regulated Body. London: Sage Publications, 1995.
317. Lupton, Deborah. Moral Threats and Dangerous Desires: AIDS in the News Media. London: Taylor & Francis, 1994.
318. Lyons, Pat and Debby Burgard. "Great shape: The first fitness guide for large women." New York: Morrow, 1988.
319. Mabel-Louis, Lynn, and Alderbaren. "Fat Women and Women's Fear of Fat." In Shadow on a Tightrope , edited by Lisa Schoenfielder and Barb Wieser, 53-57. Iowa City, IA: Aunt Lute Book Company, 1983.
320. Maines, Rachel. The Technology of Orgasm: "Hysteria," the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
321. Mann, Traci, A. Janet Tomiyama, Erika Westling, Ann-Marie Lew, Barbra Samuels, and Jason Chatman. "Medicare's Search for Effective Obesity Treatments: Diets Are Not the Answer." American Psychologist 62 (2007): 220-33.
322. Marchione, Marilynn. "Diet: CDC Chief Stresses That Extra Pounds Are Harmful." Associated Press. June 3, 2005.
323. Marchione, Marilynn. "Diet: CDC Stresses Obesity's Woes Amid Growing Criticism of Recent Study." Associated Press. June 2, 2005.
324. Markus, Frances Frank. "Why Baked Catfish Holds Lessons for Their Hearts." New York Times. June 21, 1998.
325. Martin, Emily. "The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles." Signs 16, no. 3 (1991): 485-501.
326. Mayeri, Serena. Reasoning from Race: Feminism, Law, and the Civil Rights Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.
327. McAuley, Paul, Jesse Pittsley, Jonathan Myers, Joshua Abella, and Victor F. Froelicher. "Fitness and Fatness as Mortality Predictors in Healthy Older Men: The Veterans Exercise Testing Study." Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 64A, no. 6 (2009): 695-99.
328. McCullough, Marie. "Time for New Approaches to Weight Loss." Philadelphia Inquirer. October 27, 1999.
329. McEwen, B. S., and A. E. Mirsky. "How Socioeconomic Status May 'Get under the Skin' and Affect the Heart." European Journal of Medicine 338, no. 3 (2002): 171-79.
330. McGinnis, J. Michael, and William H. Foege. "Actual Causes of Death in the United States." JAMA 270, no. 18 (1993): 2207-12.
331. McGinnis, J. Michael, and William H. Foege. "The Obesity Problem." New England Journal of Medicine 338 (1998): 1157.
332. McKenna, M. A. J. "Georgians' Weight Problem Is Growing Fast, Study Says." Atlanta Journal and Constitution. October 27, 1999.
333. McRuer, Robert. Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability. New York: New York University Press, 2006.
334. Mears, Ashley. Pricing Beauty: The Making of a Fashion Model. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.
335. Meisinger, Christa, Margit Heier, and Hannelore Loewel. "The Relationship between Body Weight and Health Care among German Women." Obesity Research 23, no. 9 (2004): 1473-80.
336. Merikangas, Kathleen Ries, Jian-Ping He, Debra Brody, Prudence W. Fisher, Karen Bourdon, and Doreen S. Koretz. "Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders among US Children in the 2001-2004 NHANES." Pediatrics 125, no. 1 (2010): 75-81.
337. Mighty Mom. "Obesity Epidemic in America: Who Is to Blame?" http://mightymom.hubpages.com/hub/Whos-to-Blame-for-Americas-Obesity-Epidemic.
338. Mitchell, Rebecca S., Raj S. Padwal, Anderson W. Chuck, and Scott W. Klarenbach. "Cancer Screening among the Overweight and Obese in Canada." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 35, no. 2 (2008): 127-32.
339. Mitchell, Truck. "Let's Be Big about This." Bulk Male 4, no. 5 (1994): 12-13.
340. Moffat, Tina. "The 'Childhood Obesity Epidemic': Health Crisis or Social Construction." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 24, no. 1 (2010): 1-21.
341. Mokdad, Ali H., James S. Marks, Donna F. Stroup, and Julie L. Gerberding. "Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000." JAMA 291, no. 10 (2004): 1238-45.
342. Mokdad, Ali H. "Correction: Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000." JAMA 293 (2005): 293-94.
343. Mokdad, Ali H., Mary K. Serdula, William H. Dietz, Barbara A. Bowman, James S. Marks, and Jeffrey P. Koplan. "The Spread of the Obesity Epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998." JAMA 282, no. 16 (1999): 1519-22.
344. Mola, Giancario. "En Italie, la Thérapie du Centre d'Atri Commence Par l'Implication de la Famille." Le Monde. April 11, 2004.
345. Monaghan, Lee F. Men and the War on Obesity: A Sociological Study. London: Routledge, 2008.
346. Morone, James. Hellfire Nation: The Politics of Sin in American History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.
347. Morris, Bonnie Rothman. "Older Women, Too, Struggle with a Dangerous Secret." New York Times. July 6, 2004.
348. Morrison, Todd G., and Wendy E. O'Connor. "Psychometric Properties of a Scale Measuring Negative Attitudes toward Overweight Individuals." Journal of Social Psychology 139, no. 4 (1999): 436-45.
349. Moynihan, Ray. "Obesity Task Force Linked to Who Takes 'Millions' from Drug Firms." BMJ 332, no. 7555 (2006): 1412.
350. Moynihan, Ray, and Alan Cassels. Selling Sickness: How the World's Biggest Pharmaceutical Companies Are Turning Us All into Patients. Jackson, TN: Avalon Publishing Group, 2005.
351. Muennig, Peter. "The Body Politic: The Relationship between Stigma and Obesity-Associated Disease." BMC Public Health 8, no. 1 (2008): 128-38.
352. Muennig, Peter, and Kara Keating Bench. "Obesity-Associated Stigma and Physiological Markers of Stress: Evidence from the Dominican Republic." Stress and Health 25 (2008): 241-46.
353. Muennig, Peter, Haomiao Jia, and Erica Lubetkin. "I Think Therefore I Am: Perceived Ideal Weight as a Determinant of Health." American Journal of Public Health 98, no. 3 (2008): 501-6.
354. Mundy, Alicia. Dispensing with the Truth. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001.
355. Must, Aviva, Jennifer Spadano, Eugenie H. Coakley, Alison E. Field, Graham Colditz, and William H. Dietz. "The Disease Burden Associated with Overweight and Obesity." JAMA 282, no. 16 (1999): 1523-29.
356. National Assocation to Advance Fat Acceptance. "NAAFA: National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance." http://www.naafaonline.com/dev2/.
357. National Institutes of Health. "Active at Any Size." http://www.101weightlossarticles.com/active.htm.
358. National Institutes of Health. "Health Implications of Obesity." Annals of Internal Medicine 103 (1985): 1073-77.
359. National Institutes of Health and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. NIH publication No. 98-4083. September 1998.
360. National Institutes of Health and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Medical Care for Obese Patients. 2003.
361. National Organization for Lesbians Of SizE. "Who We Are." NOLOSE. http://www.nolose.org/about/who.php.
362. National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. "Medical Care for Obese Patients: Advice for Health Care Professionals." American Family Physician 65, no. 1 (2002): 81-88.
363. Nelkin, Dorothy. Selling Science: How the Press Covers Science and Technology. New York: Freeman, 1987.
364. Nestle, Marion. Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
365. New York Times. "America's Epidemic of Youth Obesity," November 29, 2002.
366. New York Times. "Death Rate from Obesity Gains Fast on Smoking," 2004.
367. New York Times. "Fat Tax for Lean Times," April 3, 2005.
368. New York Times. "Trimming the Nation's Fat," December 11, 1994.
369. Newsweek. "Mail Call," July 24, 2000, 14.
370. Nichter, Mimi. Fat Talk: What Girls and the Parents Say about Dieting. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
371. Nikerson, Raymond S. "Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises." Review of General Psychology 2, no. 2 (1998): 175-220.
372. Nord, Mark, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson. "Household Food Security in the United States, 2003." Washington, DC: Economic Research Service and U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=631912.
373. Null, Michaela A. "Gender and Sexuality as Relational Constructs: Fat Admirers Negotiate Masculinity through the Terrain of Women's Bodies." Manuscript submitted for publication, 2011.
374. Obesity Fitness & Wellness Week. "Fitness: Poor Diet, Physical Inactivity May Soon Overtake Tobacco as Leading Cause of Death," April 3, 2004.
375. Ogden, Jane, Induja Bandara, Howard Cohen, David Farmer, Joan Hardie, Harry Minas, Jane Moore, Shabbeer Qureshi, Fiona Walter, and Mary-Anne Whitehead. "General Practitioners' and Patients' Models of Obesity: Whose Problem Is It?" Patient Education and Counseling 44, no. 3 (2001): 227-33.
376. Oliver, J. Eric. Fat Politics: The Real Story behind America's Obesity Epidemic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
377. Oliver, J. Eric. "The Politics of Pathology: How Obesity Became an Epidemic Disease." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 49, no. 4 (2006): 611-27.
378. Olshansky, Jay S., Dana P. Goldman, Yuhui Zheng, and John W. Rowe. "Aging in America in the Twenty-First Century: Demographic Forecasts from the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on an Aging Society." Millbank Quarterly 87, no. 4 (2009): 842-62.
379. Olshansky, S. Jay, Douglas J. Passaro, Ronald C. Hershow, Jennifer Layden, Bruce A. Carnes, Jacob Brody, Leonard Hayflick, Robert N. Butler, David B. Allison, and David S. Ludwig. "A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century." New England Journal of Medicine 352, no. 11 (2005): 1138-45.
380. Onishi, Norimitsu. "Japan, Seeking Trim Waists, Measures Millions." New York Times. June 13, 2008.
381. Orbach, Susie. Fat Is a Feminist Issue. New York: Berkeley Books, 1978.
382. Ostbye, Truls, Donald H. Taylor, William S. Yancy, and Katrina M. Krause. "Associations between Obesity and Receipt of Screening Mammography, Papanicolaou Tests, and Influenza Vaccination: Results from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) Study." American Journal of Public Health 95, no. 9 (2005): 1623-30.
383. Pace, Gina. "Obesity Bigger Threat Than Terrorism?" CBSNews. March 1, 2006.
384. Paradis, Elise, and Kuper Ayelet. "An Epidemic of Epidemics? The Evolution of the Phrase 'Epidemic' in the Medical Literature, 1980-2010." Unpublished manuscript, 2011.
385. Parsons, Talcott. The Social System. New York: Free Press, 1951.
386. Perry, Becky "Study Provides Excuse to Be Lazy." University Wire. April 21, 2005.
387. Pi-Sunyer, Xavier F. "The Fattening of America." JAMA 272, no. 3 (1994): 238.
388. Pollack, Andrew. "Advisory Panel Favors Approval for Weight-Loss Drug." New York Times. February 22, 2012.
389. Pollan, Michael. In Defense of Food: An Eater's Manifesto. New York: Penguin, 2008.
390. Polletta, Francesca, and M. Kai Ho. "Frames and Their Consequences." In The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis. edited by Robert E. Goodin and Charles Tilly. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
391. Popenoe, Rebecca. "Ideal." In Fat: The Anthropology of an Obsession , edited by Don Kulick and Anne Meneley, 9-28. New York: Tarcher/Penguin, 2005.
392. Powter, Susan. "Let's Get in High Gear in Battle against Fat." Plain Dealer. August 2, 1994.
393. PR Newswire. "American Diabetes Association Responds to JAMA Study Citing Obesity Close to Becoming Leading Preventable Cause of Death," March 11, 2004.
394. Pringle, Peter. "Washington Counts Cost of Fat America Getting Fatter." The Independent. July 19, 1994.
395. Puhl, R. M., T. Andreyeva, and K. D. Brownell. "Perceptions of Weight Discrimination: Prevalence and Comparison to Race and Gender Discrimination in America." International Journal of Obesity 32 (2008): 992-1000.
396. Puhl, Rebecca, and Kelly D. Brownell. "Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity." Obesity Research 9 (2001): 788-805.
397. Puhl, Rebecca M., and Chelsea A. Heuer. "The Stigma of Obesity: A Review and Update." Obesity 17 (2009): 941-64.
398. Puhl, Rebecca M., and Janet D. Latner. "Stigma, Obesity, and the Health of the Nation's Children." Psychological Bulletin 133, no. 4 (2007): 557-80.
399. Ravelli, Anita C. J., Jan H. P. der Meulen, Clive Osmond, David J. P. Barker, and Otto P. Bleker. "Obesity at the Age of 50 Y in Men and Women Exposed to Famine Prenatally." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70 (1999): 811-16.
400. Ravelli, Gian-Paolo, Zena A. Stein, and Mervyn Susser. "Obesity in Young Men after Famine Exposure in Utero and Early Infancy." New England Journal of Medicine 295 (1976): 349-53.
401. Regnier, Faustine. "Obésité, Corpulence et Souci de Minceur: Inégalités Sociales en France et aux Etats-Unis." Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique 41, no. 2 (2006): 97-103.
402. Regnier, Faustine, and Ana Masullo. "Obésité, Goûts et Consommation: Intégration des Normes d'Alimentation et Appartenance Sociale." Revue Française de Sociologie 50, no. 4 (2009): 747-73.
403. Richardson, Lynda. "Telling Children Not to Inhale Junk Food, Either." New York Times. July 24, 2003.
404. Rideout, Victoria, Elizabeth Hamel, and Kaiser Family Foundation. The Media Family: Electronic Media in the Lives of Infants, Toddlers, Preschoolers and Their Parents. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2006. http://www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/7500.pdf.
405. Rigby, Neville, and Philip James. "Waiting for a Green Light for Health? Europe at the Crossroads for Diet and Disease." IOTF Position Paper. 2003. http://www.iaso.org/site_media/uploads/September_2003_Obesity_in_Europe_2_Waiting_for_the_green_light_for_health.pdf.
406. Ritter, Jim. "Kids on Front Lines of Obesity War." Chicago Sun-Times. July 1, 2003.
407. Roberts, Dorothy. Killing the Black Body. New York: Vintage, 1998.
408. Roberts, Dorothy.. "The Social Immorality of Health in the Gene Age: Race, Disability, and Inequality." In Against Health: How Health Became the New Morality , edited by Jonathan M. Metzl and Anna Kirkland, 61-71. New York: New York University Press, 2010.
409. Robinson, Thomas N. "Reducing Children's Television Viewing to Prevent Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial." JAMA 282, no. 16 (1999): 1561-67.
410. Roche. "Obepi: Enquête, Epidémiologique Nationale sur le Surpoids et l'Obésité," edited by INSERM, TNS Healthcare (Kantarhealth) and Roche, 2009.
411. Rohlinger, Deana A. "American Media and Deliberative Democratic Processes." Sociological Theory 25, no. 2 (2007): 122-48.
412. Rosen, Allison B., and Eric C. Schneider. "Colorectal Cancer Screening Disparities Related to Obesity and Gender." Journal of General Internal Medicine 19, no. 4 (2004): 332-38.
413. Rosenberg, Charles. Explaining Epidemics and Other Studies in the History of Medicine. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
414. Rosenthal, Robert, and Lenore Jacobson. "Pygmalion in the Classroom." Urban Review 3, no. 1 (1968): 16-20.
415. Rothblum, Esther D., and Sondra Solovay, eds. The Fat Studies Reader. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
416. Roy, Jean-Pierre. "Socioeconomic Status and Health: A Neuro-Biological Perspective." Medical Hypotheses 62, no. 2 (2004): 222-27.
417. Rubin, Gayle. "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality." In The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader , edited by Henry Abelove, Michele Aina Barale, and David Halperin, 3-44. New York: Routledge, 1993.
418. Saguy, Abigail C. "Sexual Harassment in the News: The United States and France." Communication Review 5, no. 2 (2002): 109-41.
419. Saguy, Abigail C. What Is Sexual Harassment? From Capitol Hill to the Sorbonne. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
420. Saguy, Abigail C. "Why Fat Is a Feminist Issue." Sex Roles 68, no. 9 (2012): 600-607.
421. Saguy, Abigail C., and Rene Almeling. "Fat in the Fire? Science, the News Media, and the 'Obesity Epidemic.'" Sociological Forum 23, no. 1 (2008): 53-83.
422. Saguy, Abigail C., and Kjerstin Gruys. "Morality and Health: News Media Constructions of Overweight and Eating Disorders." Social Problems 57, no. 2 (2010): 231-50.
423. Saguy, Abigail C., Kjerstin Gruys, and Shanna Gong. "Social Problem Construction and National Context: News Reporting on 'Overweight' and 'Obesity' in the U.S. and France." Social Problems 57, no. 4 (2010): 586-610.
424. Saguy, Abigail C., and Kevin W. Riley. "Weighing Both Sides: Morality, Mortality and Framing Contests over Obesity." Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law 30, no. 5 (2005): 869-921.
425. Saguy, Abigail C., and Anna Ward. "Coming Out as Fat: Rethinking Stigma." Social Psychology Quarterly 74, no. 1 (2011): 53-75.
426. San Francisco Board of Supervisors. "Resolution Establishing a Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on Childhood Nutrition and Physical Activity." 2003. http://www.sfgov3.org/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx? documentid=238.
427. Santora, Marc. "Study Finds More Obesity and Less Exercising among New York City's Women Than Its Men." New York Times. March 8, 2005.
428. Santry, Heena P., Daniel L. Gillen, and Diane S. Lauderdale. "Trends in Bariatric Surgical Procedures." JAMA 294, no. 15 (2005): 1909-17.
429. Scheff, T. J. "The Labelling Theory of Mental Illness." American Sociological Review 39, no. 3 (1974): 444-52.
430. Schlosberg, David. Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
431. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.
432. Schorb, Friedrich. "Fat Politics in Europe: Theorizing on the Premises and Outcomes of European Anti 'Obesity-Epidemic' Policies." Fat Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Body Weight and Society 1, no. 2 (forthcoming).
433. Schroeder, Charles. Fat Is Not a Four Letter Word. Minneapolis, MN: Chronimed Publishing, 1992.
434. Schudson, Michael. The Sociology of the News. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.
435. Schwartz, Hillel. Never Satisfied: A Cultural History of Diets, Fantasies, and Fat. London: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1986.
436. Schwimmer, Jeffrey B., Tasha M. Burwinkle, and James W. Varni. "Health-Related Quality of Life of Severely Obese Children and Adolescents." JAMA 289, no. 14 (2003): 1813-19.
437. Scott, Joan W. Only Paradoxes to Offer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.
438. Serdula, Mary K., M. E. Collins, D. F. Williamson, R. F. Anda, E. Pamuk, and T. E. Byers. "Weight Control Practices of U.S. Adolescents and Adults." Pt. 2. Annals of Internal Medicine 119, no. 7 (1993): 667-71.
439. Sewell, William H., Jr. "A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation." American Journal of Sociology 98, no. 1 (1992): 1-29.
440. Shanewood, B. "An Interview with Medical Rights Champion Lynn Mcafee." Radiance (Winter 1999). http://www.radiancemagazine.com/issues/1999/winter_99/truth.html.
441. Sherman, Jill. "Fat Children 'Should Be Taken from Parents' to Curb Obesity Epidemic: Council Warning to Parents Guilty of Neglect." Sunday Times. August 16, 2008.
442. Sherman, Mark. "Government Warns That Being Fat Might Surpass Smoking as a Killer." Associated Press. March 10, 2004.
443. Shuai, Tara, Galadriel Mozee, Virgie Tovar, Geleni Fontaine, Margarita Feminista, Julia Starkey, Amy Ongiri, M. Taueret Davis, and Naima Lowe. "A Response to White Fat Activism from People of Color in the Fat Justice Movement." NOLOSE. http://www.nolose.org/activism/POC.php.
444. Siebers, Tobin. "In the Name of Pain." In Against Health: How Health Became the New Morality , edited by Jonathan M. Metzl and Anna Kirkland, 183-94. New York: New York University Press, 2010.
445. Smith, Delia E., Marsha D. Marcus, Cora Lewis, Marian Fittzgibbon, and Pamela Schreiner. "Prevalence of Binge Eating Disorder, Obesity, and Depression in a Biracial Cohort of Young Adults." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 20, no. 3 (1998): 227-32.
446. Snih, Soham Al, Kenneth J. Ottenbacher, Kyriakos S. Markides, Yong-Fang Kuo, Karl Eschbach, and James S. Goodwin. "The Effect of Obesity on Disability vs Mortality in Older Americans." Archives of Internal Medicine 167, no. 8 (2007): 774-80.
447. Snow, David, and Robert D. Benford. "Ideology, Frame Resonance and Participant Mobilization." International Social Movement Research 1 (1988): 197-217.
448. Snow, David A., E. Burke Rochford, Jr., Steven K. Worden, and Robert D. Benford. "Frame Alignment Processes, Microbilization, and Movement Participation." American Sociological Review 51, no. 4 (1986): 464-81.
449. Snow, David A., Rens Vliegenthart, and Catherine Corrigall-Brown. "Framing the French Riots: A Comparative Study of Frame Variation." Social Forces 85, no. 2 (2007): 385-415.
450. Sobal, Jeffery. "The Medicalization and Demedicalization of Obesity." In Eating Agendas , edited by Jeffery Sobal and Donna Maurer, 67-90. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1995.
451. Sobal, Jeffery. "The Size Acceptance Movement and the Construction of Body Weight." In Interpreting Weight: The Social Management of Fatness and Thinness , edited by Jeffery Sobal and Donna Maurer, 231-49. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999.
452. Sobal, Jeffery, and Albert J. Stunkard. "Socioeconomic Status and Obesity: A Review of the Literature." Psychological Bulletin 105 (1989): 260-75.
453. Spector, Malcolm, and John I. Kitsuse. Constructing Social Problems. Menlo Park, CA: Cummings Publishing Company, 1977.
454. Spiegel, Allen M., and Elizabeth G. Nabel. "NIH Research on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Providing the Scientific Evidence Base for Actions to Improve Health." Nature Medicine 12, no. 1 (2006): 67-69.
455. Spitzer, Robert L. "The Diagnostic Status of Homosexuality in DSM-III: A Reformulation of the Issues." American Journal of Psychiatry 138, no. 2 (1981): 210-15.
456. Springen, Karen. "Health: Battle of the Binge." Newsweek. February 19, 2007, 62.
457. Spurlock, Morgan. Super Size Me. 2004.
458. Squires, Sally. "Optimal Weight Threshold Lowered: Millions More to Be Termed Overweight." Washington Post. June 4, 1998.
459. Stearns, Peter N. Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West. New York: New York University Press, 1997.
460. Sterling, Theodore D. "Publication Decisions and Their Possible Effects on Inferences Drawn from Tests of Significance-or Vice Versa." Journal of the American Statistical Association 54, no. 285 (1959): 30-34.
461. Stevenson, Seth. "When Tush Comes to Dove: Real Women. Real Curves. Really Smart Ad Campaign." Slate. August 1, 2005. http://www.slate.com/articles/business/ad_report_card/2005/08/when_tush_comes_to_dove.html.
462. Stimson, Karen W. "Fat Feminist Herstory, 1969-1993: A Personal Memoir." http://www.eskimo.com/~largesse/Archives/herstory.html.
463. Storch, Eric A., Vanessa A. Milsom, Ninoska DeBraganza, Adam B. Lewin, Gary R. Geffken, and Janet H. Silverstein. "Peer Victimization, Psychosocial Adjustment, and Physical Activity in Overweight and At-Risk-for-Overweight Youth." Pediatric Psychology 32, no. 1 (2007): 80-89.
464. Strang, David, and John Meyer. "Institutional Conditions for Diffusion." Theory and Society 22 (1993): 487-511.
465. Striegel-Moore, Ruth H., Faith A. Dohm, Helena C. Kraemer, C. Barr Taylor, Stephen Daniels, Patricia B. Crawford, and George B. Schrieber. "Eating Disorders in White and Black Women." American Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 7 (2003): 1326-31.
466. Striegel-Moore, Ruth H., Denise E. Wilfley, Kathleen M. Pike, Faith-Anne Dohm, and Christopher G. Fairburn. "Recurrent Binge Eating in Black American Women." Archives of Family Medicine 9 (2000): 83-87.
467. Strings, Sabrina. "Thin, White, and Saved: Fat Stigma and the Fear of the Big Black Body." PhD diss., University of California-San Diego, 2012.
468. Stunkard, A. J., T. T. Foch, and Z. Hubrek. "A Twin Study of Human Obesity." JAMA 256, no. 1 (1986): 51-54.
469. Stunkard, A. J., J. R. Harris, N. L. Pedersen, and G. E. McClearn. "The Body Mass Index of Twins Who Have Been Reared Apart." New England Journal of Medicine 322 (1990): 1483-87.
470. Sugarman, Carole. "Weight-Loss Movement Gets Thinner." Washington Post. July 8, 1992.
471. Swami, Viren, David A. Frederick, Toivo Aavik, Lidia Alcalay, Jüri Allik, Donna Anderson, Sonny Andrianto, Arvind Arora, Åke Brännström, John Cunningham, Dariusz Danel, Krystyna Doroszewicz, Gordon B. Forbes, Adrian Furnham, Corina U. Greven, Jamin Halberstadt, Shuang Hao, Tanja Haubner, Choon Sup Hwang, Mary Inman, Jas Laile Jaafar, Jacob Johansson, Jaehee Jung, Aski{dotless}n Keser, Uta Kretzschmar, Lance Lachenicht, Norman P. Li, Kenneth Locke, Jan-Erik Lönnqvist, Christy Lopez, Lynn Loutzenhiser, Natalya C. Maisel, Marita P. McCabe, Donald R. McCreary, William F. McKibbin, Alex Mussap, Félix Neto, Carly Nowell, Liane Peña Alampay, Subash K. Pillai, Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian, René T. Proyer, Katinka Quintelier, Lina A. Ricciardelli, Malgorzata Rozmus-Wrzesinska, Willibald Ruch, Timothy Russo, Astrid Schütz, Todd K. Shackelford, Sheeba Shashidharan, Franco Simonetti, Dhachayani Sinniah, Mira Swami, Griet Vandermassen, Marijke van Duynslaeger, Markku Verkasalo, Martin Voracek, Curtis K. Yee, Echo Xian Zhang, Xiaoying Zhang, and Ivanka Zivcic-Becirevic. "The Attractive Female Body Weight and Female Body Dissatisfaction in 26 Countries across 10 World Regions: Results of the International Body Project I." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36, no. 3 (2010): 309-25.
472. Swami, Viren, and Martin J. Tovée. "Male Physical Attractiveness in Britain and Malaysia: A Cross-Cultural Study." Body Image 2 (2005): 383-93.
473. Swidler, Ann. "Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies." American Sociological Review 51, no. 2 (1986): 273-86.
474. Tanner, Lindsey. "Experts Say New Government Obesity Numbers Still Show Being 50 Pounds Overweight Is Risky." Associated Press. May 1, 2005.
475. Tarrow, Sidney. "Mentalities, Political Cultures, and Collective Action Frames: Constructing Meanings through Action." In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory , edited by Aldon D. Morris and Carol McClurg Mueller, 174-202. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.
476. Teegardin, Carrie. "Grim Childhood Obesity Ads Stir Critics." Atlanta Journal-Constitution. January 1, 2012.
477. Telch, Christy F., and W. Stewart Agras. "Obesity, Binge Eating and Psychopathology: Are They Related?" International Journal of Eating Disorders 15, no. 1 (1994): 53-61.
478. Tesh, Sylvia Noble. Hidden Arguments: Political Ideology and Disease Prevention Policy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988.
479. Textor, Alex Robertson. "Organization, Specialization and Desires in the Big Men's Movement: Preliminary Research in the Study of Subculture-Formation." Journal of Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Identity 4, no. 3 (1999): 217-39.
480. Thompson, Becky W. A Hunger So Wide and So Deep: A Multiracial View of Women's Eating Problems. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994.
481. Thompson, R. L., and D. E. Thomas. "A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Opinions on Weight Loss Treatments of Adult Obese Patients Attending a Dietetic Clinic." International Journal of Obesity 24, no. 2 (2000): 164-70.
482. Thompson, Tommy G. "Testimony on Preventing Chronic Disease throught [sic] Healthy Lifestyle." Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eight Congress, Second Session, Special Hearing, Washington, D.C., July 15, 2004. http://www.hhs.gov/asl/testify/t040715.html.
483. Torassa, Ulysses P. "Americans Keep Packing on the Pounds." San Francisco Examiner. February 16, 1999.
484. Torassa, Ulysses P. "Persons of Heft Protest Health Club's Ad: Rip Billboard Saying Space Aliens Would Gobble Up Fat Folks." San Francisco Examiner. February 16, 1999.
485. Townsend, Marilyn S., Janet Peerson, Bradley Love, Cheryl Achterberg, and Suzanne P. Murphy. "Food Insecurity Is Positively Related to Overweight in Women." Journal of Nutrition 131 (2001): 1738-45.
486. Trull, Donald. "F.A. Confidential: True Confessions of a Fat Admirer." Lard Biscuit Enterprise. http://www.lardbiscuit.com/lard/truefa.html.
487. Tuchman, Gaye. Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality. New York: Free Press, 1978.
488. Tyre, Peg. "Fighting Anorexia: No-One to Blame." Newsweek. December 5, 2005, 50.
489. Uhlman, Marian. "Journal Weighs in on Obesity; Suggests Fewer Calories, More Activity." Philadelphia Inquirer. April 8, 2003.
490. United States Department of Health and Human Services. "Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health." 2nd ed.Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000.
491. Victor, Jeffrey S. "Moral Panics and the Social Construction of Deviant Behavior: A Theory and Application to the Case of Ritual Child Abuse." Sociological Perspectives 41 (1998): 541-65.
492. Wacquant, Loïc J.D. "Pugs at Work: Bodily Capital and Bodily Labour among Professional Boxers." Body & Society 1, no. 65 (1995): 65-93.
493. Wang, C. "Cultural Meaning and Disability: Injury Prevention Campaigns and the Production of Stigma." Social Science and Medicine 35 (1992): 1092-102.
494. Wann, Marilyn. FAT!SO? Because You Don't Have to Apologize for Your Size. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 1999.
495. Wann, Marilyn. "Foreword." In The Fat Studies Reader. edited by Esther Rothblum and Sondra Solovay, ix-xxi. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
496. Wee, Christina C., Ellen P. McCarthy, Roger B. Davis, and Russell S. Phillips. "Obesity and Breast Cancer Screening: The Influence of Race, Illness Burden, and Other Factors." Journal of General Internal Medicine 19, no. 4 (2004): 324-31.
497. Wee, Christina C. "Screening for Cervical and Breast Cancer: Is Obesity an Unrecognized Barrier to Preventive Care?" Annals of Internal Medicine 132, no. 9 (2000): 697-704.
498. Wee, Christina C., Russell S. Phillips, and Ellen P. McCarthy. "BMI and Cervical Cancer Screening among White, African American, and Hispanic Women in the United States." Obesity Research 13, no. 7 (2005): 1275-80.
499. Wei, Ming, James B. Kampert, Carolyn E. Barlow, Milton Z. Nichaman, Larry W. Gibbons, Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Jr., and Steven N. Blair. "Relationship between Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mortality in Normal-Weight, Overweight, and Obese Men." JAMA 282, no. 16 (1999): 1547-53.
500. Weinstock, Jacqueline, and Michelle Krehbiel. "Fat Youth as Common Targets for Bullying." In The Fat Studies Reader , edited by Esther Rothblum and Sondra Solovay, 120-26. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
501. Wendell, Susan. The Rejected Body: Feminist Philosophical Reflections on Disability. New York: Routledge, 1996.
502. Whitaker, Mark. "The Editor's Desk." Newsweek. December 5, 2005, 4.
503. Wikipedia. "Arnold Schwarzenegger." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger.
504. Wikinvest. "Weight Watchers International (WTW)." http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Weight_Watchers_International_(WTW).
505. Wilde, P. E., and C. K. Ranney. "The Monthly Food Stamp Cycle: Shopping Frequency and Food Intake Decisions in an Endogenous Switching Regression Framework." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 82, no. 1 (2000): 200-213.
506. Wildman, Rachel P., Paul Muntner, Kristi Reynolds, Aileen P. McGinn, Swapnil Rajpathak, Judith Wylie-Rosett, and MaryFran R. Sowers. "The Obese without Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering and the Normal Weight with Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering." Archives of Internal Medicine 168, no. 15 (2008): 1617-24.
507. Will, George F. "Sex, Fat and Responsibility." Newsweek. July 7, 1997, 82.
508. Wimmer, Andreas. "Elementary Strategies of Ethnic Boundary Making." Ethnic and Racial Studies 31, no. 6 (2008): 1025-55.
509. Winiarski, Kathryn. "Over Half of South Carolina Adults Are Overweight, Health Department." The State. November 23, 1999.
510. Winterman, Denis. "Who Are You Calling Fat?" BBC News. October 12, 2006.
511. Witt, Doris. Black Hunger: Food and the Politics of U.S. Identity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
512. Wolf, Joan B. Is Breast Best? Taking on the Breastfeeding Experts and the New High Stakes of Motherhood. New York: New York University Press, 2010.
513. Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used against Women. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1991.
514. World Health Organization. "Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic." Technical Report Series No. 894. 2000. http://libdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_894.pdf.
515. World Health Organization. "Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry." WHO Techincal Report Series No. 854. 1995.
516. World Health Organization, International Association for the Study of Obesity, and International Obesity Task Force. "The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and Its Treatment." 2000. http://www.wpro.who.int/nutrition/documents/docs/Redefiningobesity.pdf.
517. World Health Organization Expert Consultation. "Appropriate Body-Mass Index for Asian Populations and Its Implications for Policy and Intervention Strategies." Lancet 363, no. 9412 (2004): 902.
518. Wright, Les K. "Introduction: Theoretical Bears." In The Bear Book: Readings in the History and Evolution of a Gay Male Subculture , edited by Les K. Wright, 1-17. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1997.
519. Writing Group for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth in the United States. "Incidence of Diabetes in Youth in the United States." JAMA 297, no. 24 (2007): 2716-24.
520. Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity. "Who We Are." http://www.yaleruddcenter.org/who_we_are.aspx.
521. Yancey, Antronette K., Joanne Leslie, and Emily K. Abel. "Obesity at the Crossroads: Feminist and Public Health Perspectives." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 31, no. 2 (2006): 425-43.
522. Zima, Lauren. "Obesity Could Be Contagious, Study Says." Newsy: Multisource Video News. February 8, 2012.