Fetal alcohol syndrome: The origins of a moral panic

Alcohol and Alcoholism

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 276-282

  Armstrong, Elizabeth M ^a   Abel, Ernest L ^b  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Mott Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; CHILD ABUSE; FEMALE; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; FETUS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; MORALITY; NEGLECT; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033946311     PISSN: 07350414     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/35.3.276     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Abel, E. L. (1984) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects. Plenum Press, New York.
2. Abel, E. L. (1988) Fetal alcohol syndrome in families. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 10, 1-2.
3. Abel, E. L. (1990) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Medical Economics. Oradell, New Jersey.
4. Abel, E. L. (1995) An update on the incidence of FAS: FAS is not an equal opportunity birth defect. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17, 437-443.
5. Abel, E. L. (1997) Was the fetal alcohol syndrome recognized in the ancient Near East? Alcohol and Alcoholism 32, 3-7.
6. Abel, E. L. (1998a) Fetal Alcohol Abuse Syndrome. Plenum Press, New York.
7. Abel, E. L. (1998b) Prevention of alcohol-abuse related birth effects. I. Public education efforts. Alcohol and Alcoholism 33, 411-416.
8. Abel, E. L. (1999) What really causes FAS. Teratology 59, 4-6.
9. Abel, E. L. and Hannigan, J. L. (1995) Maternal risk factors in fetal alcohol syndrome: provocative and permissive influences. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17, 445-462.
10. Abel, E. L. and Kruger, M. (1998) What do physicians know and say about fetal alcohol syndrome: a survey of obstetricians, pediatricians, and family medicine physicians. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 22, 1951-1954.
11. Abel, E. L. and Welte, J. W. (1986) Publication trends in fetal alcohol, tobacco and narcotic effects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 18, 107-114.
12. Abma, J. C. and Mott, F. L. (1990) Is there a 'bad mother' syndrome? An analysis of overlapping high risk factors during pregnancy. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
13. Adebahr, G. and Erkrath, K. K. (1984) Uberzahlige Corpora mamillaria-Ein Befund bei Einme Fall mit Fetalem Alkohol-Syndrome [Super-numerary mammillary bodies: a finding in a case of fetal alcohol syndrome]. Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin 92, 239-246.
14. Apolo, J. O. (1995) Child abuse in the unborn fetus. International Pediatrics 10, 214-217.
15. Armstrong, E. M. (1998a) Diagnosing moral disorder: the discovery and evolution of fetal alcohol syndrome. Social Science and Medicine 47, 2025-2042.
16. Armstrong, E. M. (1998b) Conceiving risk, bearing responsibility: ideas about alcohol and offspring in the modern era. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
17. Asante, K. O. and Nelms-Matzke, J. (1985) Survey of Children with Chronic Handicaps and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in the Yukon and Northwest B.C. Department of Welfare, Ottawa.
18. Azouz, E. M., Kavianian, G. and Der Kaloustian, V. M. (1993) Fetal alcohol syndrome and bilateral tibial exostoses. Pediatric Radiology 23, 615-616.
19. Best, J. (1990) Threatened Children. Rhetoric and Concern about Child Victims. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
20. Bingol, N., Schuster, C., Fuchs, M., Iosub, S., Turner, G., Stone, R. K. and Gromisch, D. S. (1987) The influence of socioeconomic factors on the occurrence of fetal alcohol syndrome. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse 6, 105-118.
21. Blumer, H. (1971) Social problems as collective behavior. Social Problems 18, 298-306.
22. Caetano, R. (1994) Drinking and alcohol-related problems among minority women. Alcohol Health and Research World 18, 233-241.
23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1995a) Update: trends in fetal alcohol syndrome - United States, 1979-1993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 44, 249-251.
24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1995b) Use of International Classification of Diseases Coding to identify fetal alcohol syndrome - Indian health service facilities, 1981-1992. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 44, 253-255, 261.
25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1997) Alcohol consumption among pregnant and childbearing-aged women -United States, 1991 and 1995. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 46, 346-350.
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1998) Identification of children with fetal alcohol syndrome and opportunity for referral of their mothers for primary prevention, Washington, 1993-1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 47, 861-864.
27. Chicago Tribune (1995) Rate of alcohol-injured newborns soars. 7 April, N6.
28. Clarren, S. K. and Smith, D. W. (1978) The fetal alcohol syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 299, 556.
29. Crain, L. S., Fitzmaurice, N. E. and Mondry C. (1983) Nail dysplasia and fetal alcohol syndrome. American Journal of Diseases in Childhood 137, 1069-1072.
30. Dawson, G. (1992) An innocent inherits the anguish of alcohol. Orlando Sentinel Tribune, 3 February, C1.
31. Dorris, M. (1989) The Broken Cord. Harper & Row, New York.
32. Egeland, G. M., Perham-Hester, K. A., Gessner, B. D., Ingle, D., Bernier, J. E. and Middaugh, J. P. (1998) Fetal alcohol syndrome in Alaska, 1977 through 1992: an administrative prevalence derived from multiple data sources. American Journal of Public Health 88, 781-786.
33. Engs, R. C. (1997) Cycles of social reform: is the current anti-alcohol movement cresting? Journal of Studies on Alcohol 58, 223-224.
34. Ernhart, C. B. (1991) Clinical correlations between ethanol intake and fetal alcohol syndrome. Recent Developments in Alcoholism 9, 127-150.
35. EUROMAC (1992) A European concerted action: maternal alcohol consumption and its relation to the outcome of pregnancy and child development at 18 months. International Journal of Epidemiology 21 (Suppl. 1), S1-S87.
36. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1981) Surgeon General's advisory on alcohol and pregnancy. FDA Drug Bulletin 11, 9-10.
37. Garber, J. M. (1984) Steep corneal curvature: a fetal alcohol syndrome landmark. Journal of the American Optometric Association 55, 595-598.
38. Gerbner, G. and Gross, L. (1976) The scarey world of TV's heavy viewer. Psychology Today 9, 41-45, 89.
39. Gomez, L. E. (1997) Misconceiving Mothers: Legislators, Prosecutors and the Politics of Prenatal Drug Exposure. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA.
40. Goode, E. and Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994) Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance. Blackwell, Cambridge, MA.
41. Greenfeld, J. (1989) Wounded before birth: a father sadly pursues his adopted son's affliction. Chicago Tribune, 23 July, C1.
42. Guerri, C., Riley, E. and Strömland, K. (1999) Commentary on the recommendations of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists concerning alcohol consumption in pregnancy. Alcohol and Alcoholism 34, 497-501.
43. Gusfield, J. (1963) Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL.
44. Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J. and Roberts, B. (1978) Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order. Macmillan, London.
45. Hankin, J. R. (1996) Alcohol warning labels: influence on drinking. In Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: From Mechanism to Prevention, Abel, E. L. ed., pp. 317-329. CRC Press, New York.
46. Herrmann, J., Pallister, P. D. and Opitz, J. M. (1980) Tetraectrodactyly and other skeletal manifestations in the fetal alcohol syndrome. European Journal of Pediatrics 133, 221-226.
47. Hill, R. M. and Tennyson, L. M. (1980) An historical review and longitudinal study of an infant with the fetal alcohol syndrome. In Alcoholism: A Perspective, Messiha, F. S. and Tyner, G. S. eds, pp. 177-201. P. J. D. Publications, Westbury, NY.
48. Holmgren, J. L. (1991) Legal accountability and fetal alcohol syndrome: when fixing the blame doesn't fix the problem. South Dakota Law Review 36, 81-103.
49. Information Access Company (1991) Group forms to battle fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Week 3, 4.
50. Jacobson, J. L., Jacobson, S. W., Sokol, R. J., Martier, S. S. and Ager, J. W. (1993) Teratogenic effects of alcohol on infant development. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 17, 174-183.
51. Johnson, K. G. (1979) Fetal alcohol syndrome: rhinorrhea, persistent otitis media, choanal stenosis, hypoplastic sphenoids and ethnoid. Rocky Mountain Medical Journal 76, 64-65.
52. Jones, K. L. and Smith, D. W. (1973) Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet i, 999-1001.
53. Jones, K. L. and Smith, D. W. (1974) Offspring of chronic alcoholic women. Lancet ii, 349.
54. Kempe, C. H., Silverman, F. N., Steele, B. F., Droegemueller, W. and Silver, H. K. (1962) The battered child syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association 181, 17-24.
55. King, W. (1991) Drinking devastating to unborn, Seattle Times, 16 April, B1.
56. Koren, G. (1991) Drinking and pregnancy. Canadian Medical Association Journal 145, 1552.
57. Levine, H. G. (1978) The discovery of addiction: changing conception of habitual drunkenness in American history. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 39, 143-167.
58. Levine, H. G. (1983) The good creature of God and the demon rum: Colonial and 19th century American ideas about alcohol, accidents and crime. In Alcohol and Disinhibition, Room, R. and Collins, G. eds. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Washington, DC.
59. Lindor, E., McCarthy, A.-M. and McRae, M. G. (1980) Fetal alcohol syndrome: a review and case presentation. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatal Nursing 9, 222-228.
60. Lipson, A. H. and Webster W. S. (1990) Response to letters dealing with warning labels on alcoholic beverages. Teratology 41, 479-481.
61. New York Times (1995) Use of alcohol linked to rise in fetal illness, 7 April.
62. Plant, M. (1985) Women, Drinking and Pregnancy. Tavistock, London.
63. Plant, M. (1997) Women and Alcohol: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives. Free Association Books, London.
64. Poskitt, E. M. E. (1984) Fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol and Alcoholism 19, 159-165.
65. Reinarman, C. (1988) The social construction of an alcohol problem. The case of Mothers Against Drunk Drivers and social control in the 1980s. Theory and Society 17, 91-120.
66. Roberts, D. E. (1991) Punishing drug addicts who have babies: women of color, equality and the right of privacy. Harvard Law Review 104, 1419-1482.
67. Rosett, H. L. (1974) Maternal alcoholism and intellectual development of offspring. Lancet ii, 218.
68. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (1996) Guideline No. 9: Alcohol Consumption in Pregnancy. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London.
69. Sampson, P. D., Streissguth, A. P., Brookstein, F. L., Little, R. E., Clarren, S. K., Dehaene, P., Hanson, J. W. and Graham, J. M. (1997) Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Teratology 56, 317-326.
70. Seattle Times (1996) Prescription for tragedy: alcohol and pregnancy stack deck against baby. 14 January, A17.
71. Smith, D. W., Jones, K. L. and Hanson, J. W. (1976) Perspectives on the cause and frequency of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 273, 138-139.
72. Snider, M. (1990) Kids pay for prenatal drinking. USA Today, 10 December, 1D.
73. Sokol, R. J., Miller, S. I. and Reed, G. (1980) Alcohol abuse during pregnancy: an epidemiologic study. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 4, 135-145.
74. Star-Tribune (Minneapolis, MN) (1992) Pregnancy and alcohol can be a deadly mix. 26 April, A18.
75. Steacy, A. (1989) Bruised before birth: alcoholic mothers damage their babies. Maclean's 102, 48.
76. Stone, D. A. (1989) Causal stories and the formation of policy agendas. Political Science Quarterly 104, 280-300.
77. Stratton, K., Howe, C. and Battaglia, F., eds (1996) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
78. Sturdevant, R. (1974) Offspring of chronic alcoholic women. Lancet ii, 349.
79. Theroux, P. (1989) The tragic inheritance: a father's chronicle of fetal alcohol syndrome. The Washington Post, 19 July, D3.
80. Thompson, K. (1998) Moral Panics. Routledge, New York.
81. Wagner, D. (1997) The universalization of social problems: some radical explanations. Critical Sociology 23, 3-23.
82. Waldman, H. B. (1989) Fetal alcohol syndrome and the realities of our time. Journal of Dentistry for Children 56, 435-437.
83. Watney, S. (1987) Policing Desire: Pornography, AIDS and the Media. Methuen, London.
84. Wilson, D. (1998) Children pay the ultimate price for a drink. Houston Chronicle, 11 August.