Fat shame: Stigma and the fat body in American culture

Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in American Culture

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-207

  Farrell, Amy Erdman ^a  

^a DICKINSON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84900635309     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (220)

1. Adler, Jerry."The Great Sorority Purge: When a Group of 'Sisters' Were Kicked Out of Their Chapter House, Many Blamed Hair Color and Dress Size." Newsweek, March 12, 2007, 47.
2. Allison, David B., and the TOS Obesity as a Disease Writing Group. "Obesity as a Disease: A White Paper on Evidence and Arguments Commissioned by the Council of the Obesity Society." Obesity 16 (June 2008): 1161-1177.
3. American Medical Association. Nostrums and Quackery. Chicago: Press of American Medical Association, 1912.
4. American Obesity Association. "Obesity Surgery." n.d., http://www.obesity.org/education/advisor.html. Accessed April 1, 2005. In author's possession.
5. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. "Bariatric Surgical Society Takes on New Name, New Mission, and New Surgery." August 22, 2007, http://www.asmbs.org/. Accessed October 5, 2008. In author's possession.
6. Andolsen, Barbara Hilkert. Daughters of Jefferson, Daughters of Bootblacks. Macon: Mercer University Press, 1986.
7. Angel, J. Lawrence."Constitution in Female Obesity." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 7 (September 1949): 433-471.
8. Anspaugh, Jean Renfro. Fat Like Us. Durham, NC: Generation Books, 2001.
9. Aquilante, Dan. "Britney a Bust." New York Post, September 10, 2007.
10. Avocado, Laurie."Anamarie Regino-Martinez." n.d., http://www.geocities.com/laurieavocado/Anamarie.html. Accessed July 25, 2005. In author's possession.
11. Bacon, L., J. Stern, M. Van Loan, and N. Keim."Size Acceptance and Intuitive Eating Improve Health for Obese, Female, Chronic Dieters." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105, no. 6 (2005): 929-936.
12. Bacon, Linda. Health at Every Size. Dallas: BenBella Books, 2008.
13. Baker, Jean. Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists. New York: Hill and Wang, 2005.
14. Bancroft, Hubert Howe. The Book of the Fair: An Historical and Descriptive Presentation Viewed Through the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. New York: Bounty Books, 1894.
15. Banting, William. Letter on Corpulence. London: Harrison and Sons, 1863.
16. Becker, Anne. Body, Self, and Society: The View from Fiji. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.
17. Bedard, Paul, Liz Halloran, Suzi Parker, and Kevin Whitelaw."Washington Whispers." U.S. News and World Report, February 11, 2008, 8.
18. Bederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
19. Belasco, Warren. Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took on the Food Industry, 1966-1988. New York: Pantheon Books, 1989.
20. Belkin, Lisa."Watching Her Weight." New York Times Magazine, July 8, 2001, 30-33.
21. Biddle, Frederic M."Drugs, Net Lead to Lean Times at Jenny Craig." Wall Street Journal, July 12, 1999.
22. Bloom, John. To Show What an Indian Can Do: Sports at Native American Boarding Schools. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
23. Bordo, Susan. Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993.
24. Boston Women's Health Book Collective. The New Our Bodies, Ourselves. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.
25. Boston Women's Health Book Collective. Our Bodies, Ourselves. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.
26. Boston Women's Health Book Collective. Our Bodies, Ourselves: A New Edition for a New Era. New York: Touchstone, 2005.
27. Bovey, Shelley. The Forbidden Body: Why Being Fat Is Not a Sin. London: Pandora, 1989.
28. Bradshaw, Watson. On Corpulence. London: Philip and Son, 1864.
29. Braziel, Jana Evans, and Kathleen LeBesco, eds. Bodies Out of Bounds: Fatness and Transgression. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.
30. Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme. The Physiology of Taste: Or, Meditations on Transcendental Gastronomy. Translated by M. F. K. Fisher. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1949.
31. "Britney Spears Unveils Bikini Body as She Shows Off 'New Man.'" London Daily Mail, May 21, 2009.
32. Brumberg, Joan Jacobs. The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.
33. Brumberg, Joan Jacobs. Fasting Girls: The History of Anorexia Nervosa. New York: Plume, 1988.
34. Bunzi, Matti."Chasers." In Fat: The Anthropology of an Obsession, edited by Don Kulick and Anne Meneley, 199-210. New York: Penguin, 2005.
35. Burros, Marian."In Her Own Fun-Poking Words, Mrs. Obama on the First Family's Household." New York Times, March 21, 2009.
36. Campos, Paul."Fat Judges Need Not Apply." The Daily Beast, May 4, 2009, http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-05-04/fat-judges-need-not-apply/. Accessed May 5, 2009.
37. Campos, Paul. The Obesity Myth: Why America's Obsession with Weight Is Hazardous to Your Health. New York: Gotham Books, 2004.
38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "CDC's National Leadership Role in Addressing Obesity." June 14, 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r050615.htm. Accessed August 11, 2010.
39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Telebriefing Transcript: Overweight and Obesity: Clearing the Confusion." June 2, 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/transcripts/t050602.html. Accessed July 25, 2005. In author's possession.
40. Chambers, Robert, ed. The Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities, in Connection with the Calendar. London and Edinburgh, 1863.
41. Chesser, Eustace. Slimming for the Million: The New Treatment of Obesity. London: Rich and Cowan, 1939.
42. Ciola, Tom. Moses Wasn't Fat: A Bible Guide to Health and Fitness. Orlando: Axion Publishers, 2001.
43. Clarke, Michael Tavel. These Days of Large Things: The Culture of Size in America, 1865-1930. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007.
44. Clinton Foundation. "Alliance for a Healthier Generation." n.d., http://www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/alliance-for-a-healthier-generation/. Accessed August 11, 2010.
45. Cogan, Jeanine, and Paul Ernsberger."Dying to Be Thin in the Name of Health: Shifting the Paradigm." Journal of Social Issues 55 (Summer 1999): 187-205.
46. Collens, William S. Collens System of Diet Writing, Including Diet Calculator, Obesity Chart, 100 Menu Prescription Forms. New York: Form Publishing Company, 1933.
47. Collier-Thomas, Bettye."Frances Ellen Watkins Harper: Abolitionist and Feminist Reformer, 1825-1911." In African American Women and the Vote, 1837-1965, edited by Ann D. Gordon, 41-65. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997.
48. Collins, Patricia Hill. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge, 1991.
49. Cooper, Charlotte. Fat and Proud: The Politics of Size. London: Women's Press, 1998.
50. Conrad, Joseph. The Heart of Darkness, and Other Tales. Edited by Cedric Thomas Watts. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
51. Cosmetic Surgery Directory."Buttock Augmentation with Implants vs. Fat Injections." n.d., http://www.the-cosmetic-surgery-directory.com/article_buttock.html. Accessed January 22, 2009.
52. Cott, Nancy. The Grounding of Modern Feminism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
53. Cramp, Arthur. Nostrums and Quackery. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1911.
54. Critser, Greg. Fat Land: How Americans Became the Fattest People in the World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.
55. Cuvier, Georges."Extrait d'observations faites sur le cadavre d'une femme connue à Paris et à Londres sous le nom de Vénus Hottentotte." Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle 3 (1817): 259-274.
56. "Dance Instructor Wins Weight Discrimination Battle!" ISAA News, May 7, 2002.
57. Daughters of Bilitis. "Purpose of the Daughters of Bilitis." The Ladder 3, no. 12 (1959): 2.
58. Deford, Frank."Commentary: America's Struggle with Obesity in Children an Epidemic." National Public Radio, March 12, 2003.
59. Deford, Frank, with George Dohrmann."The Secret Life of Kirby Puckett: The Rise and Fall of a Sports Idol." Sports Illustrated, March 17, 2003, 58-69.
60. Delta Zeta Sorority. "Delta Zeta Files Federal Lawsuit Against DePauw University." March 28, 2007, http://www.deltazeta.org/. Accessed May 22, 2007. In author's possession.
61. Densmore, Helen. How to Reduce Fat: The Curative Action of Regimen. New York, 1896.
62. Depauw University. "Delta Zeta Sorority Files Lawsuit." April 18, 2007, http://www.depauw.edu/student/greek/deltazetanews.asp. Accessed May 22, 2007.
63. Dillon, Sam."DePauw Cuts Ties with Controversial Sorority." New York Times, March 12, 2007.
64. Dillon, Sam."Evictions at Sorority Raise Issue of Bias." New York Times, February 25, 2007.
65. Dlamini, Ndaba."Fat Black Women Sing It Like It Is." February 17, 2009, http://www.joburg.org.za/content/view/3477/266/. Accessed June 5, 2009.
66. Dovidio, John F., Brenda Major, and Jennifer Crocker."Stigma: Introduction and Overview." In The Social Psychology of Stigma, edited by Todd Heatherton, Robert Kleck, Michelle Hebl, and Jay Hull, 1-30. New York: Guildford Press, 2000.
67. Dowd, Maureen."Should Michelle Cover Up?" New York Times, March 8, 2009.
68. Edut, Ophira. Body Outlaws: Rewriting the Rules of Beauty and Body Image. New York: Seal Press, 2003.
69. Eisenhower, Dwight D."Farewell Radio and Television Address to the American People," January 17, 1961. In Public Papers of the President, 1035-1040. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005.
70. Enke, Ann. Finding the Movement: Sexuality, Contested Space, and Feminist Activism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007.
71. Enstad, Nan. Ladies of Labor, Girls of Adventure: Working Women, Popular Culture, and Labor Politics at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
72. Ezzell, Carol."Fat Chances." Scientific American, August 1998, 94.
73. Fabrey, Bill."All Set to Fight Discrimination." Radiance, Spring 1989.
74. Fallon, Patricia, Melanie A. Katzman, and Susan C. Wooley, eds. Feminist Perspectives on Eating Disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 1994.
75. Faludi, Susan. Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women. New York: Crown, 1991.
76. Fernandez, Elizabeth."Teacher Says Fat, Fitness Can Mix." San Francisco Chronicle, February 24, 2002.
77. Finck, Henry T. Girth Control: For Womanly Beauty, Manly Strength, Health, and a Long Life for Everybody. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1923.
78. Finnegan, Margaret. Selling Suffrage: Consumer Culture and Votes for Women. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
79. Fishman, Sara Golda Bracha."Life in the Fat Underground." Radiance, Winter 1998, http://www.radiancemagazine.com/issues/1998/winter_98/fat_underground.html. Accessed August 10, 2010.
80. Flexner, Eleanor. Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.
81. Fox, Ben."Marine Shed Weight to Fight, Dies in Iraq." Patriot News (Harrisburg, PA), July 11, 2004.
82. Fraser, Laura. Losing It: False Hopes and Fat Profits in the Diet Industry. New York: Plume, 1998.
83. Freedman, Rory, and Kim Barnouin. Skinny Bitch. Philadelphia: Running Press, 2005.
84. Freedman, Rory, and Kim Barnouin. Skinny Bitch: Bun in the Oven. Philadelphia: Running Press, 2008.
85. Freedman, Rory, and Kim Barnouin. Skinny Bitch in the Kitch. Philadelphia: Running Press, 2007.
86. Freespirit, Judy, and Aldebaran."Fat Liberation Manifesto, November 1973." In The Fat Studies Reader, edited by Esther Rothblum and Sondra Solovay, 341-42. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
87. Fry, Michael, and T. Lewis."Over the Hedge." United Feature Syndicate, July 11, 2006, http://comics.com/over_the_hedge/2006-07-11. Accessed August 10, 2008.
88. Gaesser, Glenn. Big Fat Lies: The Truth About Your Weight and Your Health. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1996.
89. Gard, Michael, and Jan Wright. The Obesity Epidemic: Science, Morality, and Ideology. New York: Routledge, 2005
90. Gawande, Atul."The Man Who Couldn't Stop Eating." New Yorker, July 9, 2001, 66-75.
91. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins."The Yellow Wallpaper." In Herland, and Selected Stories, edited by Barbara H. Solomon, 165-180. New York: Signet, 1992.
92. Gilman, Sander. Diets and Dieting. New York: Routledge, 2008.
93. Gilmore, Stephanie, ed. Feminist Coalitions: Historical Perspectives on Second-Wave Feminism in the United States. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008.
94. Goffman, Erving. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1963.
95. Gorn, Elliot, and Warren Goldstein. A Brief History of American Sports. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993.
96. Gortmaker, Steven L."Social and Economic Consequences of Overweight in Adolescence and Young Adulthood." New England Journal of Medicine 399, no. 14 (1993): 1008-1012.
97. Gregory, Deborah."Heavy Judgment: A Sister Talks About the Pain of 'Living Large.'" In The American Body in Context, edited by Jessica R. Johnston, 311-318. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 2001.
98. Griffith, Ruth Marie. Born Again Bodies: Flesh and Spirit in American Christianity. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004.
99. Hall, Stuart."The Spectacle of the Other." In Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, edited by Hall, 223-279. London: Sage Publications, 1997.
100. Hallam, Elizabeth, and Brian Street. Cultural Encounters: Representing Otherness. New York: Routledge, 2000.
101. Hannah, Sharon Bas."Naomi Cohen Choked on the Culture." Sister, September 1974, 1.
102. Harter, Pascale."Mauritania's 'Wife-Fattening' Farm." BBC News, January 26, 2004.
103. Harvey, John. Corpulence, Its Diminution and Cure, Etc. London, 1864.
104. Henig, Robin Marantz."Losing the Weight Stigma." New York Times Magazine, October 5, 2008, 24.
105. Hesse-Biber, Sharlene. Am I Thin Enough Yet? The Cult of Thinness and the Commercialization of Identity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
106. Hewitt, Bill."Kicked Out!" People, March 12, 2007, 197-198.
107. Hickey, Mary C., and Kate Lawler."A Conversation with the Obamas." Parents, November 2008, 144-45, 230.
108. Himes, Susan M., and J. Kevin Thompson."Fat Stigmatization in Television Shows and Movies: A Content Analysis." Obesity 15 (March 2007): 712-718.
109. Hobson, Janell. Venus in the Dark: Blackness and Beauty in Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 2005.
110. Holmes, Rachel. African Queen. New York: Random House, 2007.
111. House, Margaret."Fat Is a Feminist Issue: Another View." off our backs, April 30, 1979, 18.
112. Johnson, Cecil Webb. Why Be Fat? London: Mills and Boon, 1923.
113. Jones, Karen."Fat Women and Feminism." Connecticut NOW Newsletter, October-November 1974. Fat Liberation Archives, http://www.eskimo.com/~largesse/Archives/CTNOW.html. Accessed August 13, 2010.
114. Kantor, Jodi."Where the Votes Are, So, Unfortunately, Are All Those Calories." New York Times, November 23, 2007.
115. Kingsolver, Barbara, with Steven L. Hopp and Camille Kingsolver. Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.
116. Kipling, Rudyard."The White Man's Burden." McClure's Magazine, February 1899, 290-291.
117. Klein, Richard. Eat Fat. New York: Pantheon, 1996.
118. Kolata, Gina."The Burden of Being Overweight: Mistreatment and Misconceptions." New York Times, November 22, 1992.
119. Koop, C. Everett."In Spite of Diet Drug Withdrawal, the War on Obesity Must Continue Says Dr. C. Everett Koop, Shape Up America!" September 19, 1997, http://www.shapeup.org/about/arch_pr/091997.php. Accessed August 11, 2010.
120. Kulick, Don, and Anne Meneley, eds. Fat: The Anthropology of an Obsession, New York: Penguin, 2005.
121. LaBute, Neil. Fat Pig. New York: Faber and Faber, 2004.
122. Landau, Elizabeth."College's Too-Fat-to-Graduate Rule Under Fire." CNN Health, November 30, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/11/30/lincoln.fitness.overweight/index.html. Accessed November 30, 2009.
123. Lappé, Frances Moore. Diet for a Small Planet. New York: Ballantine Books, 1971.
124. LeBesco, Kathleen."Quest for a Cause: The Fat Gene, the Gay Gene, and the New Eugenics." In The Fat Studies Reader, edited by Esther Rothblum and Sondra Solovay, 65-74. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
125. LeBesco, Kathleen. Revolting Bodies? The Struggle to Redefine Fat Identity. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2004.
126. "Lincoln University Ends Obesity Rule." Inside Higher Ed, December 7, 2009, http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/12/07/lincoln. Accessed December 18, 2009.
127. Lombroso, Cesare, and Guglielmo Ferrero. Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman. Edited and translated by Nicole Hahn Rafter and Mary Gibson. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004.
128. Long, Thomas. AIDS and American Apocalypticism: The Cultural Semiotics of an Epidemic. Albany: SUNY Press, 2005.
129. Lovart, Luke. Too Fat: A Domestic Difficulty. Bristol, UK: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1885.
130. Lowe, Margaret A. Looking Good: College Women and Body Image, 1875-1930. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
131. Manheim, Camryn. Wake Up, I'm Fat! New York: Broadway Books, 1999.
132. Mark, David H."Deaths Attributable to Obesity." Journal of the American Medical Association 293 (April 2005): 1918-1919.
133. Marshall, Andrew."No One's Getting Fat Except Mama Cass." Guardian Unlimited, July 26, 1999, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/jul/26/gender.uk1. Accessed July 5, 2010.
134. Marshall, Susan E. Splintered Sisterhood: Gender and Class in the Campaign Against Woman Suffrage. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.
135. Mason, Susan."My Fat History." n.d., http://www.eskimo.com/~leiba/history.html. Accessed August 13, 2010.
136. McBride, Angela Barron."Fat Survivors in Thin Society." Women's Review of Book 1, no. 6 (1984): 9-10.
137. Miley, Marissa."New Year, New Round of Diet Programs." Advertising Age, January 12, 2009, 6.
138. Military City."Marine Lance Corporal Justin T. Hunt." n.d., http://www.militarytimes.com/valor/marine-lance-cpl-justin-t-hunt/268641/. Accessed August 13, 2010.
139. Mitchell, S. Weir. Fat and Blood: And How to Make Them. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1877.
140. Moore, Judith. Fat Girl: A True Story. New York: Plume, 2005.
141. Moore, Peter."The Challenger." Men's Health, November 2008, 176-181.
142. Morgan, Lewis Henry. Ancient Society. London: Macmillan, 1877.
143. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Plume, 1994.
144. Mosher, Jerry."Setting Free the Bears: Refiguring Fat Men on Television." In Bodies Out of Bounds: Fatness and Transgression, edited by Jana Evans Braziel and Kathleen LeBesco, 166-193. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.
145. Moskin, Julia."Still Skinny, but Now They Can Cook." New York Times, January 2, 2008.
146. National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance. "All Set to Fight Discrimination." Radiance, Spring 1989.
147. National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance. "Weight Loss Surgery." n.d., http://www.naafaonline.com/dev2/about/Policies/WEIGHTLOSSSURGERY.pdf. Accessed July 28, 2010.
148. National Institutes of Health. "Prevalence Statistics Related to Overweight and Obesity." n.d., http://win.niddk.nih.gov/statistics/index.htm. Accessed December 17, 2009.
149. "National Short Takes-Indiana." Ms., Spring 2007, 20.
150. Neergaard, Lauran."Child Obesity Taken Too Lightly, Experts Say." Patriot News (Harrisburg, PA), September 14, 2006.
151. Nichols, Grace. The Fat Black Woman's Poems. London: Virago, 1984.
152. Nichter, Mimi. Fat Talk: What Girls and Their Parents Say About Dieting. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.
153. NoLose."The NoLose Manifesta." n.d., http://nolose.org/activism/manifesta.php. Accessed June 4, 2009.
154. Noveck, Jocelyn."Harshest Words Saved for Britney's Body." USA Today, September 11, 2007.
155. O'Leary, Kevin."Anatomy of a Breakdown." Us Weekly, September 24, 2007, 76-80.
156. Oliver, J. Eric. Fat Politics: The Real Story Behind America's Obesity Epidemic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
157. Open NY."The Measure of a Man." New York Times, October 6, 2008.
158. "Oprah's Weight Loss Confession." January 5, 2009, http://www.oprah.com/health/Oprahs-Weight-Loss-Confession. Accessed May 11, 2009.
159. Orbach, Susie. Fat Is a Feminist Issue: A Self-Help Guide for Compulsive Eaters. New York: Paddington Press, 1978
160. Orbach, Susie. Fat Is a Feminist Issue II: A Program to Conquer Compulsive Eating. New York: Berkley Books, 1982.
161. Parton, James. From Eminent Women of the Age: Being Narratives of the Lives and Deeds of the Most Prominent Women of the Present Generation. Hartford: S. M. Betts, 1868.
162. Pollack, Ruth. One Woman, One Vote. PBS Home Video, 2005.
163. Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin Books, 2006.
164. Preble, William E."Obesity and Malnutrition." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 172, no. 20 (1915): 741.
165. Pyle, Nathaniel C., and Michael I. Loewy."Double Stigma: Fat Men and Their Male Admirers." In The Fat Studies Reader, edited by Esther Rothblum and Sondra Solovay, 143-150. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
166. Qureshi, Sadiah."Displaying Sara Baartman, the 'Hottentot Venus.'" History of Science 42 (2004): 233-257.
167. Rafter, Nicole Hahn, and Mary Gibson."Introduction." In Cesare Lombroso and Guglielmo Ferrero, Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman, edited and translated by Rafter and Gibson, 3-33. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004.
168. Razza, Connie."Running With Her Head Down: Oprah Winfrey and Middle-Class Black Women's Discourses of Fitness." In Sports Matters: Race, Recreation, and Culture, edited by John Bloom and Michael Nevin Willard, 264-278. New York: New York University Press, 2002.
169. Rothblum, Esther."'I'll Die for the Revolution but Don't Ask Me Not to Diet': Feminism and the Continuing Stigmatization of Obesity." In Feminist Perspectives on Eating Disorders, edited by Patricia Fallon, Melanie A. Katzman, and Susan C. Wooley, 53-76. New York: Guilford Press, 1994.
170. Rothblum, Esther."The Relationship Between Obesity, Employment Discrimination, and Employment-Related Victimization." Journal of Vocational Behavior 37 (December 1990): 251-66.
171. Rothblum, Esther, and Sondra Solovay, eds. The Fat Studies Reader. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
172. Samuels, Allison."What Michelle Means to Us." Newsweek, December 1, 2008, 28-32.
173. Saukko, Paula."Fat Boys and Goody Girls: Hilde Bruch's Work on Eating Disorders and the American Anxiety About Democracy, 1930-1960." In Weighty Issues: Fatness and Thinness as Social Problems, edited by Jeffery Sobal and Donna Maurer, 31-52. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999.
174. "Scandal Hurts Jenny Craig Ad Campaign." Detroit Free Press, January 6, 2000.
175. Scharff, Virginia. Taking the Wheel: Women and the Coming of the Motor Age. New York: Free Press, 1991.
176. Schiebinger, Londa. Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1993.
177. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.
178. Schoenfielder, Lisa, and Barb Wieser, eds. Shadow on a Tightrope: Writings by Women on Fat Oppression. Iowa City: Aunt Lute Press, 1983.
179. Schwartz, Hillel. Never Satisfied: A Cultural History of Diets, Fantasies, and Fat. New York: Doubleday, 1986.
180. Seiler, Cotten. Republic of Drivers: A Cultural History of Automobility in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
181. Seitler, Dana."Unnatural Selection: Mothers, Eugenic Feminism, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Regeneration Narratives." American Quarterly 55, no. 1 (2003): 61-88.
182. Shaffer, Marguerite. See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1880-1940. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
183. Shanewood, B."An Interview with Medical Rights Champion Lynn McAfee." Radiance, Winter 1999, http://radiancemagazine.com/issues/1999/winter_99/truth.html. Accessed August 13, 2010.
184. Shaw, Andrea Elizabeth. The Embodiment of Disobedience: Fat Black Women's Unruly Political Bodies. New York: Lexington Books, 2006.
185. Sheffield, Shirley, and Trish Bailey."Spotlight on the Padded Lillies." Without Measure. n.d., http://www.size-acceptance.org/without_measure/wom_archive/wom_04_2001/wom0401_page3.html. Accessed July 25, 2010.
186. Sheppard, Alice. Cartooning for Suffrage. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.
187. Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. New York: Doubleday Books, 1906.
188. Singer, Natasha, and Duff Wilson."Medical Editors Push for Ghostwriting Crackdown." New York Times, September 18, 2009.
189. Smith, Edward. How to Get Fat: Or, the Means of Preserving the Medium Between Leanness and Obesity. London, 1865.
190. Smith, Kyle."Disney's 'WALL-E': A $170 Million Art Film." June 26, 2008, http://kylesmithonline.com/?p=1319. Accessed July 1, 2008.
191. Sobal, Jeffery, and Donna Maurer, eds. Weighty Issues: Fatness and Thinness as Social Problems. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999.
192. Solovay, Sondra. Tipping the Scales of Justice: Fighting Weight-Based Discrimination. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2000.
193. "Some Jenny Craigs Reject Lewinsky Ads." Detroit News, January 6, 2000.
194. Sontag, Susan. Illness as Metaphor; and, AIDS and Its Metaphors. New York: Anchor Books, 1988.
195. Stanley, Alessandra."Plus-Size Sideshow." New York Times, August 24, 2008.
196. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. Eighty Years and More (1815-1897): Reminiscences of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1898.
197. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. Elizabeth Cady Stanton as Revealed in Her Letters, Diary, and Reminiscences. Edited by Theodore Stanton and Harriot Stanton Blatch. Vol. 1. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1922.
198. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, and Susan B. Anthony. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Vol. 1, In the School of Anti-Slavery. Edited by Ann D. Gordon. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1997.
199. Stearns, Peter N. Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West. New York: New York University Press, 1997.
200. Stimson, Karen."Fat Feminist Herstory, 1969-1993: A Personal Memoir." n.d., Fat Liberation Archives, http://largesse.net/Archives/herstory.html.
201. Stinson, Kandi. Women and Dieting Culture: Inside a Commercial Weight Loss Group. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.
202. Stinson, Susan. Belly Songs: In Celebration of Fat Women. Northampton, MA: Commonwealth Printing Company, 1993.
203. Tabor, Martha."Fat Is a Feminist Issue: One View." off our backs, April 30, 1979, 18.
204. Tauber, Michelle, and Mark Dagostino."100 and Counting." People, November 18, 2002, 104-110.
205. Thompson, Becky W. A Hunger So Wide and So Deep: American Women Speak Out on Eating Problems. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994.
206. Thompson, Charlie, and Jan Murphy."No Pay Raise: About 2,000 Shouting 'Oink' Denounce Hike." Patriot News (Harrisburg, PA), September 27, 2005.
207. Thompson, Vance. Eat and Grow Thin: The Mahdah Menus. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1914.
208. Tickner, Lisa. The Spectacle of Women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.
209. Tillmon, Johnnie."Welfare as a Woman's Issue." Ms., Spring 1972, 111-116.
210. Tomrley, Corinna, and Ann Kaloski-Naylor, eds. Fat Studies in the UK. York, UK: Raw Nerve Books, 2009.
211. Tuchman, Gay."The Symbolic Annihilation of Women by the Mass Media." In Hearth and Home: Images of Women in the Mass Media, edited by Gaye Tuchman, Arlene Kaplan Daniels, and James Benet, 3-38. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
212. Wann, Marilyn. FAT!SO? Because You Don't Have to Apologize for Your Size. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 1998.
213. Williams, Leonard Llewellyn Bulkeley. Obesity. London: Humphrey Milford, 1926.
214. Williams, Lillian Serece, and Randolph Boehm. Records of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, 1895-1992. Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America, 1993-94.
215. Wilson, Duff, and Natasha Singer."Ghostwriting Is Called Rife in Medical Journals." New York Times, September 11, 2009.
216. Wilson, Jane."Fat Underground Throws Weight Into Obesity War." Los Angeles Times, January 8, 1976.
217. Winfrey, Oprah, with Bob Greene. Make the Connection: Ten Steps to a Better Body-and a Better Life. New York: Hyperion Books, 1996.
218. Winfrey, Oprah, with Bob Greene. Make the Connection... It's About Changing Your Life. Burbank, CA: Buena Vista Home Video, 1997.
219. Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women. New York: William and Morrow, 1991.
220. Wyatt, Edward."Tolstoy's Translators Experience Oprah Effect." New York Times, June 7, 2004.