메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 518-526

Biomarkers of traumatic injury are transported from brain to blood via the glymphatic system

Author keywords

Biomarker; Clearance; CSF; Lymphatic; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

14C INULIN; 3H DEXTRAN; TRACER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR 3; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; PROTEIN S100B;

EID: 84920973035     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: 15292401     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3742-14.2015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (381)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 84902369692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of aquaporin-4 deficiency in a mouse model of severe global cerebral ischemia produced by transient 4-vessel occlusion
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Akdemir G, Ratelade J, Asavapanumas N, Verkman AS (2014) Neuroprotective effect of aquaporin-4 deficiency in a mouse model of severe global cerebral ischemia produced by transient 4-vessel occlusion. Neurosci Lett 574:70-75.CrossRef Medline
    • (2014) Neurosci Lett , vol.574 , pp. 70-75
    • Akdemir, G.1    Ratelade, J.2    Asavapanumas, N.3    Verkman, A.S.4
  • 2
    • 2442638032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alphasyntrophin deletion removes the perivascular but not endothelial pool of aquaporin-4 at the blood-brain barrier and delays the development of brain edema in an experimental model of acute hyponatremia
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Amiry-Moghaddam M, Xue R, Haug FM, Neely JD, Bhardwaj A, Agre P, Adams ME, Froehner SC, Mori S, Ottersen OP (2004) Alphasyntrophin deletion removes the perivascular but not endothelial pool of aquaporin-4 at the blood-brain barrier and delays the development of brain edema in an experimental model of acute hyponatremia. FASEB J 18:542-544.CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) FASEB J , vol.18 , pp. 542-544
    • Amiry-Moghaddam, M.1    Xue, R.2    Haug, F.M.3    Neely, J.D.4    Bhardwaj, A.5    Agre, P.6    Adams, M.E.7    Froehner, S.C.8    Mori, S.9    Ottersen, O.P.10
  • 3
    • 0018651797 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of inulin, sucrose and mannitol in rat brain cortex slices following in vivo or in vitro equilibration
    • Medline
    • Amtorp O (1979) Distribution of inulin, sucrose and mannitol in rat brain cortex slices following in vivo or in vitro equilibration. J Physiol 294:81-90. Medline
    • (1979) J Physiol , vol.294 , pp. 81-90
    • Amtorp, O.1
  • 4
    • 4644268435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo measurement of brain extracellular space diffusion by cortical surface photobleaching
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Binder DK, Papadopoulos MC, Haggie PM, Verkman AS (2004) In vivo measurement of brain extracellular space diffusion by cortical surface photobleaching. J Neurosci 24:8049-8056.CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 8049-8056
    • Binder, D.K.1    Papadopoulos, M.C.2    Haggie, P.M.3    Verkman, A.S.4
  • 5
    • 0029758386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drainage of CSF through lymphatic pathways and arachnoid villi in sheep: Measurement of 125I-albumin clearance
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Boulton M, Young A, Hay J, Armstrong D, Flessner M, Schwartz M, Johnston M (1996) Drainage of CSF through lymphatic pathways and arachnoid villi in sheep: measurement of 125I-albumin clearance. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 22:325-333.CrossRef Medline
    • (1996) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.22 , pp. 325-333
    • Boulton, M.1    Young, A.2    Hay, J.3    Armstrong, D.4    Flessner, M.5    Schwartz, M.6    Johnston, M.7
  • 6
    • 0020646195 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing exit of substances from cerebrospinal fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit
    • Medline
    • Bradbury MW, Westrop RJ (1983) Factors influencing exit of substances from cerebrospinal fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit. J Physiol 339:519-534.Medline
    • (1983) J Physiol , vol.339 , pp. 519-534
    • Bradbury, M.W.1    Westrop, R.J.2
  • 7
    • 0018867412 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of [125I]albumin in deep cervical lymph of the sheep after intra-ventricular injection
    • Bradbury M, Deane R, Segal M, Westrop R (1980) Recovery of [125I]albumin in deep cervical lymph of the sheep after intra-ventricular injection. J Physiol 305:52.
    • (1980) J Physiol , vol.305 , pp. 52
    • Bradbury, M.1    Deane, R.2    Segal, M.3    Westrop, R.4
  • 9
    • 0035163913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in GFAP, encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein, are associated with Alexander disease
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Brenner M, Johnson AB, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Rodriguez D, Goldman JE, Messing A (2001) Mutations in GFAP, encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein, are associated with Alexander disease. Nat Genet 27:117-120.CrossRef Medline
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.27 , pp. 117-120
    • Brenner, M.1    Johnson, A.B.2    Boespflug-Tanguy, O.3    Rodriguez, D.4    Goldman, J.E.5    Messing, A.6
  • 11
    • 83355166774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier pathophysiology in traumatic brain injury
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Chodobski A, Zink BJ, Szmydynger-Chodobska J (2011) Blood-brain barrier pathophysiology in traumatic brain injury. Transl Stroke Res 2:492-516.CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Transl Stroke Res , vol.2 , pp. 492-516
    • Chodobski, A.1    Zink, B.J.2    Szmydynger-Chodobska, J.3
  • 13
    • 0016284260 scopus 로고
    • Bulk flow of interstitial fluid after intracranial injection of blue dextran 2000
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Cserr HF, Ostrach LH (1974) Bulk flow of interstitial fluid after intracranial injection of blue dextran 2000. Exp Neurol 45:50-60.CrossRef Medline
    • (1974) Exp Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 50-60
    • Cserr, H.F.1    Ostrach, L.H.2
  • 14
    • 0026929035 scopus 로고
    • Drainage of brain extracellular fluid into blood and deep cervical lymph and its immunological significance
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Cserr HF, Harling-Berg CJ, Knopf PM (1992) Drainage of brain extracellular fluid into blood and deep cervical lymph and its immunological significance. Brain Pathol 2:269-276.CrossRef Medline
    • (1992) Brain Pathol , vol.2 , pp. 269-276
    • Cserr, H.F.1    Harling-Berg, C.J.2    Knopf, P.M.3
  • 15
    • 84857527720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) leads to spatial learning deficits
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Darwish H, Mahmood A, Schallert T, Chopp M, Therrien B (2012) Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) leads to spatial learning deficits. Brain Injury 26:151-165.CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) Brain Injury , vol.26 , pp. 151-165
    • Darwish, H.1    Mahmood, A.2    Schallert, T.3    Chopp, M.4    Therrien, B.5
  • 18
    • 0034433318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do women fare worse: A metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Farace E, Alves WM (2000) Do women fare worse: a metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome. J Neurosurg 93:539-545.CrossRef Medline
    • (2000) J Neurosurg , vol.93 , pp. 539-545
    • Farace, E.1    Alves, W.M.2
  • 21
    • 0034773606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High serum S100B levels for trauma patients without head injuries
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Herrmann M (2001) High serum S100B levels for trauma patients without head injuries. Neurosurgery 49:1272-1273.CrossRef Medline
    • (2001) Neurosurgery , vol.49 , pp. 1272-1273
    • Herrmann, M.1
  • 22
    • 64749098294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Care of war veterans with mild traumatic brain injury-flawed perspectives
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Hoge CW, Goldberg HM, Castro CA (2009) Care of war veterans with mild traumatic brain injury-flawed perspectives. NEngl J Med 360:1588-1591.CrossRef Medline
    • (2009) Nengl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1588-1591
    • Hoge, C.W.1    Goldberg, H.M.2    Castro, C.A.3
  • 24
    • 84874637845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Iliff JJ, Lee H, Yu M, Feng T, Logan J, Nedergaard M, Benveniste H (2013a) Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI. J Clin Invest 123:1299-1309.CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) J Clin Invest , vol.123 , pp. 1299-1309
    • Iliff, J.J.1    Lee, H.2    Yu, M.3    Feng, T.4    Logan, J.5    Nedergaard, M.6    Benveniste, H.7
  • 25
    • 84887399490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Iliff JJ, Wang M, Zeppenfeld DM, Venkataraman A, Plog BA, Liao Y, Deane R, Nedergaard M (2013b) Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain. J Neurosci 33:18190-18199.CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) J Neurosci , vol.33 , pp. 18190-18199
    • Iliff, J.J.1    Wang, M.2    Zeppenfeld, D.M.3    Venkataraman, A.4    Plog, B.A.5    Liao, Y.6    Deane, R.7    Nedergaard, M.8
  • 27
    • 84876917409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of mild traumatic brain injury/concussion
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Jeter CB, Hergenroeder GW, Hylin MJ, Redell JB, Moore AN, Dash PK (2013) Biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of mild traumatic brain injury/concussion. J Neurotrauma 30:657-670.CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) J Neurotrauma , vol.30 , pp. 657-670
    • Jeter, C.B.1    Hergenroeder, G.W.2    Hylin, M.J.3    Redell, J.B.4    Moore, A.N.5    Dash, P.K.6
  • 28
    • 0036912926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid transport: A lymphatic perspective
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Johnston M, Papaiconomou C (2002) Cerebrospinal fluid transport: a lymphatic perspective. Physiology 17:227-230.CrossRef Medline
    • (2002) Physiology , vol.17 , pp. 227-230
    • Johnston, M.1    Papaiconomou, C.2
  • 29
    • 33749414503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of connections between cerebrospinal fluid and nasal lymphatic vessels in humans, non-human primates and other mammalian species
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Johnston M, Zakharov A, Papaiconomou C, Salmasi G, Armstrong D (2004) Evidence of connections between cerebrospinal fluid and nasal lymphatic vessels in humans, non-human primates and other mammalian species. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 1:2.CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) Cerebrospinal Fluid Res , vol.1 , pp. 2
    • Johnston, M.1    Zakharov, A.2    Papaiconomou, C.3    Salmasi, G.4    Armstrong, D.5
  • 31
    • 84897049687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greatly improved survival and neuroprotection in aquaporin-4-knockout mice following global cerebral ischemia
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Katada R, Akdemir G, Asavapanumas N, Ratelade J, Zhang H, Verkman AS (2014) Greatly improved survival and neuroprotection in aquaporin-4-knockout mice following global cerebral ischemia. FASEB J 28:705-714.CrossRef Medline
    • (2014) FASEB J , vol.28 , pp. 705-714
    • Katada, R.1    Akdemir, G.2    Asavapanumas, N.3    Ratelade, J.4    Zhang, H.5    Verkman, A.S.6
  • 33
    • 84856469883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemorrhagic progression of a contusion after traumatic brain injury: A review
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Kurland D, Hong C, Aarabi B, Gerzanich V, Simard JM (2012) Hemorrhagic progression of a contusion after traumatic brain injury: a review. J Neurotrauma 29:19-31.CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) J Neurotrauma , vol.29 , pp. 19-31
    • Kurland, D.1    Hong, C.2    Aarabi, B.3    Gerzanich, V.4    Simard, J.M.5
  • 34
    • 18844385701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Research and programs of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Langlois JA, Sattin RW (2005) Traumatic brain injury in the United States: research and programs of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). J Head Trauma Rehabil 20:187-188.CrossRef Medline
    • (2005) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.20 , pp. 187-188
    • Langlois, J.A.1    Sattin, R.W.2
  • 35
    • 34547824702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic edema: Mechanisms of pathological cell swelling
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Liang D, Bhatta S, Gerzanich V, Simard JM (2007) Cytotoxic edema: mechanisms of pathological cell swelling. Neurosurg Focus 22:1-9.CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) Neurosurg Focus , vol.22 , pp. 1-9
    • Liang, D.1    Bhatta, S.2    Gerzanich, V.3    Simard, J.M.4
  • 36
    • 78751701720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison Evans Blue injection routes: Intravenous versus intraperitoneal, for measurement of blood-brain barrier in a mice hemorrhage model
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Manaenko A, Chen H, Kammer J, Zhang JH, Tang J (2011) Comparison Evans Blue injection routes: intravenous versus intraperitoneal, for measurement of blood-brain barrier in a mice hemorrhage model. J Neurosci Methods 195:206-210.CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) J Neurosci Methods , vol.195 , pp. 206-210
    • Manaenko, A.1    Chen, H.2    Kammer, J.3    Zhang, J.H.4    Tang, J.5
  • 37
    • 0033966090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Manley GT, Fujimura M, Ma T, Noshita N, Filiz F, Bollen AW, Chan P, Verkman AS (2000) Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke. Nat Med 6:159-163.CrossRef Medline
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 159-163
    • Manley, G.T.1    Fujimura, M.2    Ma, T.3    Noshita, N.4    Filiz, F.5    Bollen, A.W.6    Chan, P.7    Verkman, A.S.8
  • 39
    • 84884568668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Marmarou A (2004) The pathophysiology of brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure. Cleve Clinic J Med 71 [Suppl 1]:S6-S8.CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) Cleve Clinic J Med , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. S6-S8
    • Marmarou, A.1
  • 40
    • 34547819270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of progress in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of brain edema
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Marmarou A (2007) A review of progress in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of brain edema. Neurosurg Focus 22:1-10.CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) Neurosurg Focus , vol.22 , pp. 1-10
    • Marmarou, A.1
  • 42
    • 84902544568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid is drained primarily by the spinal canal and olfactory route in young and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Murtha LA, Yang Q, Parsons MW, Levi CR, Beard DJ, Spratt NJ, McLeod DD (2014) Cerebrospinal fluid is drained primarily by the spinal canal and olfactory route in young and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. Fluids Barriers CNS 11:12.CrossRef Medline
    • (2014) Fluids Barriers CNS , vol.11 , pp. 12
    • Murtha, L.A.1    Yang, Q.2    Parsons, M.W.3    Levi, C.R.4    Beard, D.J.5    Spratt, N.J.6    McLeod, D.D.7
  • 43
    • 84889872057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Obermeier B, Daneman R, Ransohoff RM (2013) Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Nat Med 19:1584-1596.CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) Nat Med , vol.19 , pp. 1584-1596
    • Obermeier, B.1    Daneman, R.2    Ransohoff, R.M.3
  • 44
    • 79960956148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarker-based dissection of neurodegenerative diseases
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Olsson B, Zetterberg H, Hampel H, Blennow K (2011) Biomarker-based dissection of neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 95:520-534.CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Prog Neurobiol , vol.95 , pp. 520-534
    • Olsson, B.1    Zetterberg, H.2    Hampel, H.3    Blennow, K.4
  • 45
    • 84874721353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of clinical research on biomarkers for pediatric traumatic brain injury
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Papa L, Ramia MM, Kelly JM, Burks SS, Pawlowicz A, Berger RP (2013) Systematic review of clinical research on biomarkers for pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 30:324-338.CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) J Neurotrauma , vol.30 , pp. 324-338
    • Papa, L.1    Ramia, M.M.2    Kelly, J.M.3    Burks, S.S.4    Pawlowicz, A.5    Berger, R.P.6
  • 46
    • 17144383572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice reduces brain swelling and mortality in pneumococcal meningitis
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS (2005) Aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice reduces brain swelling and mortality in pneumococcal meningitis. J Biol Chem 280:13906-13912.CrossRef Medline
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 13906-13912
    • Papadopoulos, M.C.1    Verkman, A.S.2
  • 47
    • 34247399026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporin-4 and brain edema
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS (2007) Aquaporin-4 and brain edema. Pediatr Nephrol 22:778-784.CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.22 , pp. 778-784
    • Papadopoulos, M.C.1    Verkman, A.S.2
  • 48
    • 4644314913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporin-4 facilitates reabsorption of excess fluid in vasogenic brain edema
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Papadopoulos MC, Manley GT, Krishna S, Verkman AS (2004) Aquaporin-4 facilitates reabsorption of excess fluid in vasogenic brain edema. FASEB J 18:1291-1293.CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) FASEB J , vol.18 , pp. 1291-1293
    • Papadopoulos, M.C.1    Manley, G.T.2    Krishna, S.3    Verkman, A.S.4
  • 50
    • 84878580322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nedergaard M (2013) ‘Hit and Run’ model of closed-skull traumatic brain injury (TBI) reveals complex patterns of post-traumatic AQP4 dysregulation
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Ren Z, Iliff JJ, Yang L, Yang J, Chen X, Chen MJ, Giese RN, Wang B, Shi X, Nedergaard M (2013) ‘Hit and Run’ model of closed-skull traumatic brain injury (TBI) reveals complex patterns of post-traumatic AQP4 dysregulation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:834-845.CrossRef Medline
    • J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.33 , pp. 834-845
    • Ren, Z.1    Iliff, J.J.2    Yang, L.3    Yang, J.4    Chen, X.5    Chen, M.J.6    Giese, R.N.7    Wang, B.8    Shi, X.9
  • 51
    • 84877578442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Roozenbeek B, Maas AI, Menon DK (2013) Changing patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol 9:231-236.CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 231-236
    • Roozenbeek, B.1    Maas, A.I.2    Menon, D.K.3
  • 52
    • 33846882646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain oedema in focal ischaemia: Molecular pathophysiology and theoretical implications
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Simard JM, Kent TA, Chen M, Tarasov KV, Gerzanich V (2007) Brain oedema in focal ischaemia: molecular pathophysiology and theoretical implications. Lancet Neurol 6:258-268.CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 258-268
    • Simard, J.M.1    Kent, T.A.2    Chen, M.3    Tarasov, K.V.4    Gerzanich, V.5
  • 53
    • 77956921028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of microvascular failure in central nervous system injury: Synergistic roles of NKCC1 and SUR1/TRPM4
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Simard JM, Kahle KT, Gerzanich V (2010) Molecular mechanisms of microvascular failure in central nervous system injury: synergistic roles of NKCC1 and SUR1/TRPM4. J Neurosurg 113:622-629.CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) J Neurosurg , vol.113 , pp. 622-629
    • Simard, J.M.1    Kahle, K.T.2    Gerzanich, V.3
  • 54
    • 84865990288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfonylurea receptor 1 in central nervous system injury: A focused review
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Simard JM, Woo SK, Schwartzbauer GT, Gerzanich V (2012) Sulfonylurea receptor 1 in central nervous system injury: a focused review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32:1699-1717.CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.32 , pp. 1699-1717
    • Simard, J.M.1    Woo, S.K.2    Schwartzbauer, G.T.3    Gerzanich, V.4
  • 55
    • 9344248393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of glia in the context of water and ion homeostasis
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Simard M, Nedergaard M (2004) The neurobiology of glia in the context of water and ion homeostasis. Neuroscience 129:877-896.CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.129 , pp. 877-896
    • Simard, M.1    Nedergaard, M.2
  • 57
  • 59
    • 79957973834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel microdialysis method to assess neuropeptides and large molecules in free-moving mouse
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Takeda S, Sato N, Ikimura K, Nishino H, Rakugi H, Morishita R (2011) Novel microdialysis method to assess neuropeptides and large molecules in free-moving mouse. Neuroscience 186:110-119.CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Neuroscience , vol.186 , pp. 110-119
    • Takeda, S.1    Sato, N.2    Ikimura, K.3    Nishino, H.4    Rakugi, H.5    Morishita, R.6
  • 60
    • 33645791896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo diffusion analysis with quantum dots and dextrans predicts the width of brain extracellular space
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Thorne RG, Nicholson C (2006) In vivo diffusion analysis with quantum dots and dextrans predicts the width of brain extracellular space. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:5567-5572.CrossRef Medline
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.103 , pp. 5567-5572
    • Thorne, R.G.1    Nicholson, C.2
  • 63
    • 0023525941 scopus 로고
    • Effect of AlCl3 and other acids on cerebrospinal fluid production: A correction
    • Medline
    • Vogh BP, Godman DR, Maren TH (1987) Effect of AlCl3 and other acids on cerebrospinal fluid production: a correction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 243: 35-39. Medline
    • (1987) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.243 , pp. 35-39
    • Vogh, B.P.1    Godman, D.R.2    Maren, T.H.3
  • 65
    • 84872528255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of traumatic brain injury
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Xiong Y, Mahmood A, Chopp M (2013) Animal models of traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:128-142.CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 128-142
    • Xiong, Y.1    Mahmood, A.2    Chopp, M.3
  • 67
    • 84877585895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Zetterberg H, Smith DH, Blennow K (2013) Biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Nat Rev Neurol 9:201-210.CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 201-210
    • Zetterberg, H.1    Smith, D.H.2    Blennow, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.