메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 699-705

Neurobiochemical mechanisms of a ketogenic diet in refractory epilepsy

Author keywords

Ketogenic Diet; Ketone Bodies; Refractory Epilepsy

Indexed keywords

AGENTS INTERACTING WITH TRANSMITTER, HORMONE OR DRUG RECEPTORS; BIOGENIC AMINE; KETONE BODY; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84920402658     PISSN: 18075932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(10)09     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 58849155005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: Recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group
    • Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Amark PE, Ballaban-Gil KR, Christina Bergqvist A, Blackford R, et al. Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia. 2009;50(2):304-17, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01765.x
    • (2009) Epilepsia , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 304-317
    • Kossoff, E.H.1    Zupec-Kania, B.A.2    Amark, P.E.3    Ballaban-Gil, K.R.4    Christina Bergqvist, A.5    Blackford, R.6
  • 2
    • 16444380286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive hippocampal and extrahippocampal atrophy in drug resistant epilepsy
    • Cendes F. Progressive hippocampal and extrahippocampal atrophy in drug resistant epilepsy. Curr Opin Neurol. 2005;18(2):173-7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wco.0000162860.49842.90
    • (2005) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-177
    • Cendes, F.1
  • 3
    • 0037396842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pitkänen A. Do epileptic seizures damage the brain?
    • Sutula TP, Hagen J, Pitkänen A. Do epileptic seizures damage the brain? Curr Opin Neurol. 2003;16(2):189-95, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019052-200304000-00012
    • (2003) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-195
    • Sutula, T.P.1    Hagen, J.2
  • 4
    • 84883377280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketogenic diet
    • Wang H, Lin K. Ketogenic diet: An early option for epilepsy treatment, instead of a last choice only. Biomedical Journal. 2013;36(1):16, http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2319-4170.107155
    • (2013) Biomedical Journal , vol.36 , Issue.1
    • Wang, H.1    Lin, K.2
  • 5
    • 0001544644 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ketonemia on the course of epilepsy
    • Wilder R. The effect of ketonemia on the course of epilepsy. Mayo Clinic Bulletin. 1921;2:307
    • (1921) Mayo Clinic Bulletin , vol.2
    • Wilder, R.1
  • 6
    • 43249084958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ketogenic diet for the treatment of childhood epilepsy: A randomised controlled trial
    • Neal EG, Chaffe H, Schwartz RH, Lawson MS, Edwards N, Fitzsimmons G, et al. The ketogenic diet for the treatment of childhood epilepsy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurology. 2008;7(6):500-6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70092-9
    • (2008) Lancet Neurology , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 500-506
    • Neal, E.G.1    Chaffe, H.2    Schwartz, R.H.3    Lawson, M.S.4    Edwards, N.5    Fitzsimmons, G.6
  • 7
    • 78951473774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research into the (Cost-) effectiveness of the ketogenic diet among children and adolescents with intractable epilepsy: Design of a randomized controlled trial
    • De Kinderen RJ, Lambrechts DA, Postulart D, Kessels AG, Hendriksen JG, Aldenkamp AP, et al. Research into the (Cost-) effectiveness of the ketogenic diet among children and adolescents with intractable epilepsy: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurology. 2011;11(1):10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-11-10
    • (2011) BMC Neurology , vol.11 , Issue.1
    • De Kinderen, R.J.1    Lambrechts, D.A.2    Postulart, D.3    Kessels, A.G.4    Hendriksen, J.G.5    Aldenkamp, A.P.6
  • 10
    • 79958704598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary treatments for epilepsy: Management guidelines for the general practitioner
    • Lee PR, Kossoff EH. Dietary treatments for epilepsy: management guidelines for the general practitioner. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2011;21(2):115-21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.03.008
    • (2011) Epilepsy & Behavior , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-121
    • Lee, P.R.1    Kossoff, E.H.2
  • 11
    • 84906282054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Modified Atkins Diet in Refractory Epilepsy
    • Sharma S, Jain P. The Modified Atkins Diet in Refractory Epilepsy. Epilepsy Res Treat. 2014;2014:404202
    • (2014) Epilepsy Res Treat , vol.2014
    • Sharma, S.1    Jain, P.2
  • 12
    • 2942702105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More fat and fewer seizures: Dietary therapies for epilepsy
    • Kossoff EH. More fat and fewer seizures: dietary therapies for epilepsy. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3(7):415-20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00807-5
    • (2004) Lancet Neurol , vol.3 , Issue.7 , pp. 415-420
    • Kossoff, E.H.1
  • 14
    • 78650031127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will seizure control improve by switching from the modified Atkins diet to the traditional ketogenic diet?
    • Kossoff EH, Bosarge JL, Miranda MJ, Wiemer-Kruel A, Kang HC, Kim HD. Will seizure control improve by switching from the modified Atkins diet to the traditional ketogenic diet? Epilepsia. 2010;51(12):2496-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02774.x
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , Issue.12 , pp. 2496-2499
    • Kossoff, E.H.1    Bosarge, J.L.2    Miranda, M.J.3    Wiemer-Kruel, A.4    Kang, H.C.5    Kim, H.D.6
  • 15
    • 84893465336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome in patients treated with ketogenic diet
    • Ramm-Pettersen A, Nakken KO, Haavardsholm KC, Selmer KK. Occurrence of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome in patients treated with ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Behav. 2014;32:76-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.01.003
    • (2014) Epilepsy Behav , vol.32 , pp. 76-78
    • Ramm-Pettersen, A.1    Nakken, K.O.2    Haavardsholm, K.C.3    Selmer, K.K.4
  • 16
    • 13244275812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of thenonfasting ketogenic diet compared with the initial fasting ketogenic diet
    • Kim DW, Kang HC, Park JC, Kim HD. Benefits of thenonfasting ketogenic diet compared with the initial fasting ketogenic diet. Pediatrics. 2004;114(6):1627-30, http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1001
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , Issue.6 , pp. 1627-1630
    • Kim, D.W.1    Kang, H.C.2    Park, J.C.3    Kim, H.D.4
  • 17
    • 84869095296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of ketogenic diet action
    • Noebls JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, editors, 4th edition. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)
    • Masino SA, Rho JM. Mechanisms of ketogenic diet action. In: Noebls JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, editors. Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. 4th edition. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012
    • (2012) Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies
    • Masino, S.A.1    Rho, J.M.2
  • 18
    • 33947132079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ketogenic diet: One decade later
    • Freeman JM, Kossoff EH, Hartman AL. The ketogenic diet: one decade later. Pediatrics. 2007;119(3):535-43, http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2447
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 535-543
    • Freeman, J.M.1    Kossoff, E.H.2    Hartman, A.L.3
  • 19
    • 84857918294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CSF levels of dopamine and serotonin, but not norepinephrine, metabolites are influenced by the ketogenic diet in children with epilepsy
    • Dahlin M, Månsson J-E, Å mark P. CSF levels of dopamine and serotonin, but not norepinephrine, metabolites are influenced by the ketogenic diet in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Research. 2012;99(1):132-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.11.003
    • (2012) Epilepsy Research , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 132-138
    • Dahlin, M.1    Månsson, J.-E.2    Å Mark, P.3
  • 20
    • 84859782754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketogenic diets: New advances for metabolism-based therapies
    • Kossoff EH, Hartman AL. Ketogenic diets: new advances for metabolism-based therapies. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2012;25(2):173-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283515e4a
    • (2012) Current Opinion in Neurology , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-178
    • Kossoff, E.H.1    Hartman, A.L.2
  • 21
    • 84858701982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketone bodies in epilepsy
    • McNally MA, Hartman AL. Ketone bodies in epilepsy. Journal of Neurochemistry.2012;121(1):28-35,http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07670.x
    • (2012) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.121 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-35
    • McNally, M.A.1    Hartman, A.L.2
  • 22
    • 37549064016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral metabolic adaptation and ketone metabolism after brain injury
    • Prins ML. Cerebral metabolic adaptation and ketone metabolism after brain injury. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 2008;28(1): 1-16, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600543
    • (2008) Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Prins, M.L.1
  • 23
    • 78649955470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketogenic diet treatment in adultswithrefractoryepilepsy
    • 2010.09.016
    • Klein P, Janousek J, Barber A, Weissberger R. Ketogenic diet treatment in adultswithrefractoryepilepsy. EpilepsyBehav.2010;19(4):575-79,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.09.016
    • (2010) Epilepsybehav , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 575-579
    • Klein, P.1    Janousek, J.2    Barber, A.3    Weissberger, R.4
  • 24
    • 0024449997 scopus 로고
    • Animal models of the epilepsies
    • Fisher RS. Animal models of the epilepsies. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1989;14(3):245-78, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(89)90003-9
    • (1989) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-278
    • Fisher, R.S.1
  • 25
    • 0343990077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of intractable epilepsy
    • Löscher W. Animal models of intractable epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol. 1997;53(2):239-58, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00035-X
    • (1997) Prog Neurobiol , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-258
    • Löscher, W.1
  • 26
    • 34247100675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anticonvulsant activity of acetone, the major ketone body in the ketogenic diet, is not dependent on its metabolites acetol, 1, 2-propanediol, methylglyoxal, or pyruvic acid
    • Gasior M, French A, Joy MT, Tang RS, Hartman AL, Rogawski MA. The anticonvulsant activity of acetone, the major ketone body in the ketogenic diet, is not dependent on its metabolites acetol, 1, 2-propanediol, methylglyoxal, or pyruvic acid. Epilepsia. 2007;48(4):793-800, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01026.x
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 793-800
    • Gasior, M.1    French, A.2    Joy, M.T.3    Tang, R.S.4    Hartman, A.L.5    Rogawski, M.A.6
  • 27
  • 28
    • 84862186869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nervous system and metabolic dysregulation: Emerging evidence converges on ketogenic diet therapy
    • Ruskin DN, Masino SA. The nervous system and metabolic dysregulation: emerging evidence converges on ketogenic diet therapy. Front Neurosci. 2012;6:33, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00033
    • (2012) Front Neurosci , vol.6
    • Ruskin, D.N.1    Masino, S.A.2
  • 30
    • 20744431937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ketogenic diet influences the levels of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the CSF in children with refractory epilepsy
    • Dahlin M, Elfving Å, Ungerstedt U, Å mark P. The ketogenic diet influences the levels of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the CSF in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2005;64(3):115-25, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.03.008
    • (2005) Epilepsy Res , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 115-125
    • Dahlin, M.1    Elfving, Å.2    Ungerstedt, U.3    Å Mark, P.4
  • 31
    • 77951153618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of dietary treatments for epilepsy
    • Neal E, Cross J. Efficacy of dietary treatments for epilepsy. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2010;23(2):113-9,http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01043.x
    • (2010) J Hum Nutr Diet , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-119
    • Neal, E.1    Cross, J.2
  • 33
    • 64549148367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-hydroxybutyrate alters GABA-transaminase activity in cultured astrocytes
    • Suzuki Y, Takahashi H, Fukuda M, Hino H, Kobayashi K, Tanaka J, et al. b-hydroxybutyrate alters GABA-transaminase activity in cultured astrocytes. Brain Res. 2009;1268(1):17-23, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.074
    • (2009) Brain Res , vol.1268 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Takahashi, H.2    Fukuda, M.3    Hino, H.4    Kobayashi, K.5    Tanaka, J.6
  • 34
    • 79958290778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Channel opening in response to action potential firing in mouse dentate granule neurons
    • Tanner GR, Lutas A, Martínez-François JR, Yellen G. Single KATP channel opening in response to action potential firing in mouse dentate granule neurons. J Neurosci. 2011;31(23):8689-96, http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5951-10.2011
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , Issue.23 , pp. 8689-8696
    • Tanner, G.R.1    Lutas, A.2    Martínez-François, J.R.3    Yellen, G.4    Single, K.5
  • 35
    • 79959446952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vesicular neurotransmitter transporter: Bioenergetics and regulation of glutamate transport
    • Omote H, Miyaji T, Juge N, Moriyama Y. Vesicular neurotransmitter transporter: bioenergetics and regulation of glutamate transport. Biochemistry. 2011;50(25):5558-65, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi200567k
    • (2011) Biochemistry , vol.50 , Issue.25 , pp. 5558-5565
    • Omote, H.1    Miyaji, T.2    Juge, N.3    Moriyama, Y.4
  • 37
    • 55349124022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of norepinephrine and orexigenic neuropeptides to the anticonvulsant effect of the ketogenic diet
    • Weinshenker D. The contribution of norepinephrine and orexigenic neuropeptides to the anticonvulsant effect of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2008;49(s8):104-7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01850.x
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 104-107
    • Weinshenker, D.1
  • 38
    • 33644547017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A ketogenic diet and knockout of the norepinephrine transporter both reduce seizure severity in mice
    • Martillotti J, Weinshenker D, Liles LC, Eagles DA. A ketogenic diet and knockout of the norepinephrine transporter both reduce seizure severity in mice. Epilepsy Res. 2006;68(3):207-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.11.002
    • (2006) Epilepsy Res , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-211
    • Martillotti, J.1    Weinshenker, D.2    Liles, L.C.3    Eagles, D.A.4
  • 39
    • 70349705584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine, ketogenic diet and epilepsy: The emerging therapeutic relationship between metabolism and brain activity
    • Masino SA, Kawamura M, Wasser CD, Pomeroy LT, Ruskin DN. Adenosine, ketogenic diet and epilepsy: the emerging therapeutic relationship between metabolism and brain activity. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2009;7(3)257-68
    • (2009) Curr Neuropharmacol , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-268
    • Masino, S.A.1    Kawamura, M.2    Wasser, C.D.3    Pomeroy, L.T.4    Ruskin, D.N.5
  • 40
    • 26044440838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrogliosis in epilepsy leads to overexpression of adenosine kinase, resulting in seizure aggravation
    • Fedele DE, Gouder N, Güttinger M, Gabernet L, Scheurer L, Rülicke T, et al. Astrogliosis in epilepsy leads to overexpression of adenosine kinase, resulting in seizure aggravation. Brain. 2005;128(10):2383-95, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh555
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.10 , pp. 2383-2395
    • Fedele, D.E.1    Gouder, N.2    Güttinger, M.3    Gabernet, L.4    Scheurer, L.5    Rülicke, T.6
  • 41
    • 79959957820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A ketogenic diet suppresses seizures in mice through adenosine A1 receptors
    • Masino SA, Li T, Theofilas P, Sandau US, Ruskin DN, Fredholm BB, et al. A ketogenic diet suppresses seizures in mice through adenosine A1 receptors. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(7):2679-83, http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI57813
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , Issue.7 , pp. 2679-2683
    • Masino, S.A.1    Li, T.2    Theofilas, P.3    Sandau, U.S.4    Ruskin, D.N.5    Fredholm, B.B.6
  • 42
    • 77950642047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in seizureinduced neuronal cell death
    • Chuang YC. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in seizureinduced neuronal cell death. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2010;19(1):3-15
    • (2010) Acta Neurol Taiwan , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-15
    • Chuang, Y.C.1
  • 43
    • 33746848935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial biogenesis in the anticonvulsant mechanism of the ketogenic diet
    • Bough KJ, Wetherington J, Hassel B, Pare JF, Gawryluk JW, Greene JG, et al. Mitochondrial biogenesis in the anticonvulsant mechanism of the ketogenic diet. Ann Neurol. 2006;60(2):223-35, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.20899
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-235
    • Bough, K.J.1    Wetherington, J.2    Hassel, B.3    Pare, J.F.4    Gawryluk, J.W.5    Greene, J.G.6
  • 44
    • 1642289587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial uncoupling protein levels and activity
    • Sullivan PG, Rippy NA, Dorenbos K, Concepcion RC, Agarwal AK, Rho JM. The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial uncoupling protein levels and activity. Ann Neurol. 2004;55(4):576-80, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.20062
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 576-580
    • Sullivan, P.G.1    Rippy, N.A.2    Dorenbos, K.3    Concepcion, R.C.4    Agarwal, A.K.5    Rho, J.M.6
  • 45
    • 48249143179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial glutathione levels
    • Jarrett SG, Milder JB, Liang LP, Patel M. The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial glutathione levels. J Neurochem. 2008;106(3):1044-51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05460.x
    • (2008) J Neurochem , vol.106 , Issue.3 , pp. 1044-1051
    • Jarrett, S.G.1    Milder, J.B.2    Liang, L.P.3    Patel, M.4
  • 46
    • 60749090581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuroprotective properties of calorie restriction, the ketogenic diet, and ketone bodies
    • Maalouf M, Rho JM, Mattson MP. The neuroprotective properties of calorie restriction, the ketogenic diet, and ketone bodies. Brain Res Rev. 2009;59(2):293-315, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.09.002
    • (2009) Brain Res Rev , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 293-315
    • Maalouf, M.1    Rho, J.M.2    Mattson, M.P.3
  • 47
    • 84864084943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by the ketogenic diet
    • Milder J, Patel M. Modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by the ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Res. 2012;100(3):295-303, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.09.021
    • (2012) Epilepsy Res , vol.100 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-303
    • Milder, J.1    Patel, M.2
  • 48
    • 84896356937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale for using intermittent calorie restriction as a dietary treatment for drug resistant epilepsy
    • Yuen AW, Sander JW. Rationale for using intermittent calorie restriction as a dietary treatment for drug resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2014;33C:110-4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.02.026
    • (2014) Epilepsy Behav , vol.33 , pp. 110-114
    • Yuen, A.W.1    Sander, J.W.2
  • 49
    • 0033796250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging
    • Cadenas E, Davies KJ. Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;29(3-4):222-30, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00317-8
    • (2000) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.29 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 222-230
    • Cadenas, E.1    Davies, K.J.2
  • 50
    • 67349288138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of mitochondrial integrity and energy metabolism during experimental status epilepticus leads to neuronal apoptotic cell death in the hippocampus of the rat
    • Chuang YC, Lin JW, Chen SD, Lin TK, Liou CW, Lu CH, et al. Preservation of mitochondrial integrity and energy metabolism during experimental status epilepticus leads to neuronal apoptotic cell death in the hippocampus of the rat. Seizure. 2009;18(6):420-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2009.03.002
    • (2009) Seizure , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 420-428
    • Chuang, Y.C.1    Lin, J.W.2    Chen, S.D.3    Lin, T.K.4    Liou, C.W.5    Lu, C.H.6
  • 51
    • 8544253949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress: Cause and consequence of epileptic seizures
    • Patel M. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress: cause and consequence of epileptic seizures. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004;37(12):1951-62, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.08.021
    • (2004) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 1951-1962
    • Patel, M.1
  • 52
    • 0034796353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment
    • Halliwell B. Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment. Drugs Aging. 2001; 18(9):685-716, http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200118090-00004
    • (2001) Drugs Aging , vol.18 , Issue.9 , pp. 685-716
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 53
    • 84871721552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mTOR: On target for novel therapeutic strategies in the nervous system
    • Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S. mTOR: on target for novel therapeutic strategies in the nervous system. Trends Mol Med. 2013; 19(1):51-60, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2012.11.001.
    • (2013) Trends Mol Med , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-60
    • Maiese, K.1    Chong, Z.Z.2    Shang, Y.C.3    Wang, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.