메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 93-108

Clinical management of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: Approved therapies and emerging candidates

Author keywords

monoclonal antibodies; MS; multiple sclerosis; pharmacology; therapies

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; DACLIZUMAB; ECULIZUMAB; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NATALIZUMAB; OCRELIZUMAB; OFATUMUMAB; RITUXIMAB; TOCILIZUMAB; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

EID: 84919794431     PISSN: 1744666X     EISSN: 17448409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/1744666X.2015.992881     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (104)
  • 1
    • 84900471238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New management algorithms in multiple sclerosis
    • Sorensen PS. New management algorithms in multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2014;27(3):246-59
    • (2014) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 246-259
    • Sorensen, P.S.1
  • 2
    • 84867331959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody therapeutics: History and future
    • Buss NA, Henderson SJ, McFarlane M, et al. Monoclonal antibody therapeutics: history and future. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012;12(5):615-22
    • (2012) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 615-622
    • Buss, N.A.1    Henderson, S.J.2    McFarlane, M.3
  • 3
    • 38449084690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical development of monoclonal antibody therapeutics
    • Nissim A, Chernajovsky Y. Historical development of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008;181:3-18
    • (2008) Handb Exp Pharmacol , vol.181 , pp. 3-18
    • Nissim, A.1    Chernajovsky, Y.2
  • 4
    • 84919712350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current Perspectives on Interferon Beta-1b for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
    • Marziniak M, Meuth S. Current Perspectives on Interferon Beta-1b for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Adv Ther 2014;31(9):915-31
    • (2014) Adv Ther , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 915-931
    • Marziniak, M.1    Meuth, S.2
  • 5
    • 54249138516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    • Wang W, Wang EQ, Balthasar JP. Monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008;84(5):548-58
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.84 , Issue.5 , pp. 548-558
    • Wang, W.1    Wang, E.Q.2    Balthasar, J.P.3
  • 6
    • 0021795011 scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of anti-idiotype therapy for B cell malignancy
    • Meeker TC, Lowder J, Maloney DG, et al. A clinical trial of anti-idiotype therapy for B cell malignancy. Blood 1985;65(6):1349-63
    • (1985) Blood , vol.65 , Issue.6 , pp. 1349-1363
    • Meeker, T.C.1    Lowder, J.2    Maloney, D.G.3
  • 7
    • 0022355587 scopus 로고
    • Human immune response to multiple injections of murine monoclonal IgG
    • Shawler DL, Bartholomew RM, Smith LM, Dillman RO. Human immune response to multiple injections of murine monoclonal IgG. J Immunol 1985;135(2):1530-5.
    • (1985) J Immunol , vol.135 , Issue.2 , pp. 1530-1535
    • Shawler, D.L.1    Bartholomew, R.M.2    Smith, L.M.3    Dillman, R.O.4
  • 8
    • 0021713342 scopus 로고
    • Production of functional chimaeric mouse/human antibody
    • Boulianne GL, Hozumi N, Shulman MJ. Production of functional chimaeric mouse/human antibody. Nature 1984;312(5995): 643-6
    • (1984) Nature , vol.312 , Issue.5995 , pp. 643-646
    • Boulianne, G.L.1    Hozumi, N.2    Shulman, M.J.3
  • 9
    • 0022558297 scopus 로고
    • Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse
    • Jones PT, Dear PH, Foote J, et al. Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse. Nature 1986;321(6069): 522-5
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , Issue.6069 , pp. 522-525
    • Jones, P.T.1    Dear, P.H.2    Foote, J.3
  • 10
    • 20444384772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humanization of an anti-human TNF-alpha antibody by variable region resurfacing with the aid of molecular modeling
    • Zhang W, Feng J, Li Y, et al. Humanization of an anti-human TNF-alpha antibody by variable region resurfacing with the aid of molecular modeling. Mol Immunol 2005;42(12):1445-51
    • (2005) Mol Immunol , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 1445-1451
    • Zhang, W.1    Feng, J.2    Li, Y.3
  • 11
    • 0028006072 scopus 로고
    • Antibody fragments from a 'single pot' phage display library as immunochemical reagents
    • Nissim A, Hoogenboom HR, Tomlinson IM, et al. Antibody fragments from a 'single pot' phage display library as immunochemical reagents. EMBO J 1994; 13(3):692-8
    • (1994) EMBO J , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 692-698
    • Nissim, A.1    Hoogenboom, H.R.2    Tomlinson, I.M.3
  • 12
    • 0030994634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yeast surface display for screening combinatorial polypeptide libraries
    • Boder ET, Wittrup KD. Yeast surface display for screening combinatorial polypeptide libraries. Nat Biotechnol 1997; 15(6):553-7
    • (1997) Nat Biotechnol , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 553-557
    • Boder, E.T.1    Wittrup, K.D.2
  • 13
    • 0030974119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro selection and evolution of functional proteins by using ribosome display
    • Hanes J, Pluckthun A. In vitro selection and evolution of functional proteins by using ribosome display. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94(10):4937-42
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , Issue.10 , pp. 4937-4942
    • Hanes, J.1    Pluckthun, A.2
  • 14
    • 1642397503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of human antibodies from phage display libraries
    • Marks JD, Bradbury A. Selection of human antibodies from phage display libraries. Methods Mol Biol 2004;248:161-76
    • (2004) Methods Mol Biol , vol.248 , pp. 161-176
    • Marks, J.D.1    Bradbury, A.2
  • 15
    • 0030700632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting by affinity-matured recombinant antibody fragments of an angiogenesis associated fibronectin isoform
    • Neri D, Carnemolla B, Nissim A, et al. Targeting by affinity-matured recombinant antibody fragments of an angiogenesis associated fibronectin isoform. Nat Biotechnol 1997;15(12):1271-5
    • (1997) Nat Biotechnol , vol.15 , Issue.12 , pp. 1271-1275
    • Neri, D.1    Carnemolla, B.2    Nissim, A.3
  • 16
    • 0035794194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High resolution mapping of the binding site on human IgG1 for Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, Fc gamma RIII, and FcRn and design of IgG1 variants with improved binding to the Fc gamma R
    • Shields RL, Namenuk AK, Hong K, et al. High resolution mapping of the binding site on human IgG1 for Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, Fc gamma RIII, and FcRn and design of IgG1 variants with improved binding to the Fc gamma R. J Biol Chem 2001;276(9):6591-604
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , Issue.9 , pp. 6591-6604
    • Shields, R.L.1    Namenuk, A.K.2    Hong, K.3
  • 17
    • 33645218704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function
    • Lazar GA, Dang W, Karki S, et al. Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(11):4005-10
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , Issue.11 , pp. 4005-4010
    • Lazar, G.A.1    Dang, W.2    Karki, S.3
  • 18
    • 0027407531 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-2 in cancer treatment: Disappointing or (still) promising? A review
    • Maas RA, Dullens HF, Den OW. Interleukin-2 in cancer treatment: disappointing or (still) promising? A review. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1993;36(3): 141-8
    • (1993) Cancer Immunol Immunother , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 141-148
    • Maas, R.A.1    Dullens, H.F.2    Den, O.W.3
  • 19
    • 37149030961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab: Targeting alpha4-integrins in multiple sclerosis
    • Engelhardt B, Kappos L. Natalizumab: targeting alpha4-integrins in multiple sclerosis. Neurodegener Dis 2008;5(1):16-22
    • (2008) Neurodegener Dis , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-22
    • Engelhardt, B.1    Kappos, L.2
  • 20
    • 84881626451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present and emerging therapies for multiple sclerosis
    • Freedman MS. Present and emerging therapies for multiple sclerosis. Continuum (Minneap. Minn) 2013; 19(4 Multiple Sclerosis);968-91
    • (2013) Continuum (Minneap. Minn) , vol.19 , Issue.4 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS , pp. 968-991
    • Freedman, M.S.1
  • 21
    • 33644584352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006;354(9): 899-910
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , Issue.9 , pp. 899-910
    • Polman, C.H.1    O'Connor, P.W.2    Havrdova, E.3
  • 22
    • 33644608613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Rudick RA, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, et al. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006;354(9):911-23
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , Issue.9 , pp. 911-923
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Stuart, W.H.2    Calabresi, P.A.3
  • 23
    • 84893352807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies in treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Rommer PS, Dudesek A, Stuve O, Zettl UK. Monoclonal antibodies in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2014;175(3):373-84
    • (2014) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.175 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-384
    • Rommer, P.S.1    Dudesek, A.2    Stuve, O.3    Zettl, U.K.4
  • 24
    • 84861022041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Bloomgren G, Richman S, Hotermans C, et al. Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2012;366(20):1870-80
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , Issue.20 , pp. 1870-1880
    • Bloomgren, G.1    Richman, S.2    Hotermans, C.3
  • 25
    • 84862861720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on PML and PML-IRIS occurring in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab
    • Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Miravalle A, Schowinsky J, et al. Update on PML and PML-IRIS occurring in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012;71(7): 604-17
    • (2012) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.71 , Issue.7 , pp. 604-617
    • Kleinschmidt-Demasters, B.K.1    Miravalle, A.2    Schowinsky, J.3
  • 26
    • 84893407969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement for safety monitoring for approved multiple sclerosis therapies: An overview
    • Rommer PS, Zettl UK, Kieseier B, et al. Requirement for safety monitoring for approved multiple sclerosis therapies: an overview. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 175(3):397-407
    • (2014) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.175 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-407
    • Rommer, P.S.1    Zettl, U.K.2    Kieseier, B.3
  • 27
    • 84907446851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does risk stratification decrease the risk of natalizumab-associated PML? Where is the evidence?
    • Cutter GR, Stuve O. Does risk stratification decrease the risk of natalizumab-associated PML? Where is the evidence? Mult Scler 2014;20(10):1304-5.
    • (2014) Mult Scler , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 1304-1305
    • Cutter, G.R.1    Stuve, O.2
  • 28
    • 84863580562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and emerging therapies in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
    • Castro-Borrero W, Graves D, Frohman TC, et al. Current and emerging therapies in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2012;5(4):205-20
    • (2012) Ther Adv Neurol Disord , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 205-220
    • Castro-Borrero, W.1    Graves, D.2    Frohman, T.C.3
  • 29
    • 79958137883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease activity return during natalizumab treatment interruption in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • O'Connor PW, Goodman A, Kappos L, et al. Disease activity return during natalizumab treatment interruption in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2011;76(22):1858-65
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.22 , pp. 1858-1865
    • O'Connor, P.W.1    Goodman, A.2    Kappos, L.3
  • 30
    • 84919812749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No impact of current therapeutic strategies on disease reactivation after natalizumab discontinuation: A comparative analysis of different approaches during the first year of natalizumab discontinuation
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Capobianco M, di Sapio A, Malentacchi M, et al. No impact of current therapeutic strategies on disease reactivation after natalizumab discontinuation: a comparative analysis of different approaches during the first year of natalizumab discontinuation. Eur J Neurol 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2014) Eur J Neurol
    • Capobianco, M.1    Di Sapio, A.2    Malentacchi, M.3
  • 31
    • 84868036448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching therapy from natalizumab to fingolimod in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings
    • Rinaldi F, Seppi D, Calabrese M, et al. Switching therapy from natalizumab to fingolimod in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Mult Scler 2012;18(11): 1640-3
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , Issue.11 , pp. 1640-1643
    • Rinaldi, F.1    Seppi, D.2    Calabrese, M.3
  • 32
    • 84868004886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe multiple sclerosis reactivation under fingolimod 3 months after natalizumab withdrawal
    • Daelman L, Maitrot A, Maarouf A, et al. Severe multiple sclerosis reactivation under fingolimod 3 months after natalizumab withdrawal. Mult Scler 2012;18(11):1647-9.
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , Issue.11 , pp. 1647-1649
    • Daelman, L.1    Maitrot, A.2    Maarouf, A.3
  • 33
    • 84899004764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: A French prospective study
    • Cohen M, Maillart E, Tourbah A, et al. Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: a French prospective study. JAMA Neurol 2014;71(4):436-41
    • (2014) JAMA Neurol , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 436-441
    • Cohen, M.1    Maillart, E.2    Tourbah, A.3
  • 34
    • 84894557668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • O Fernandez. Alemtuzumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Inflamm Res 2014;7:19-27
    • (2014) J Inflamm Res , vol.7 , pp. 19-27
    • Fernandez, O.1
  • 35
    • 84904020925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab: The advantages and challenges of a novel therapy in MS
    • Menge T, Stuve O, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP. Alemtuzumab: the advantages and challenges of a novel therapy in MS. Neurology 2014;83(1):87-97
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-97
    • Menge, T.1    Stuve, O.2    Kieseier, B.C.3    Hartung, H.P.4
  • 36
    • 84878611995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The outlook for alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis
    • Williams T, Coles A, Azzopardi L. The outlook for alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis. BioDrugs 2013;27(3):181-9
    • (2013) BioDrugs , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 181-189
    • Williams, T.1    Coles, A.2    Azzopardi, L.3
  • 37
    • 84869492471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomised controlled phase 3 trial
    • Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Arnold DL, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012;380(9856):1819-28
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , Issue.9856 , pp. 1819-1828
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Coles, A.J.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 38
    • 84869507357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: A randomised controlled phase 3 trial
    • Coles AJ, Twyman CL, Arnold DL, et al. Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012;380(9856): 1829-39
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , Issue.9856 , pp. 1829-1839
    • Coles, A.J.1    Twyman, C.L.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 39
    • 0032882173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis
    • Coles AJ, Wing MG, Molyneux P, et al. Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1999;46(3):296-304
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 296-304
    • Coles, A.J.1    Wing, M.G.2    Molyneux, P.3
  • 40
    • 80053312105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Keene DL, Legare C, Taylor E, et al. Monoclonal antibodies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Can J Neurol Sci 2011;38(4):565-71
    • (2011) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-571
    • Keene, D.L.1    Legare, C.2    Taylor, E.3
  • 41
    • 80053207130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune disease after alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis in a multicenter cohort
    • Cossburn M, Pace AA, Jones J, et al. Autoimmune disease after alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis in a multicenter cohort. Neurology 2011;77(6): 573-9
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , Issue.6 , pp. 573-579
    • Cossburn, M.1    Pace, A.A.2    Jones, J.3
  • 42
    • 65249138318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab in the inhibition of inflammation and stabilization of disease progression in multiple sclerosis
    • Bielekova B, Howard T, Packer AN, et al. Effect of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab in the inhibition of inflammation and stabilization of disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009;66(4): 483-9
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 483-489
    • Bielekova, B.1    Howard, T.2    Packer, A.N.3
  • 43
    • 33645812129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory CD56 (bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosis
    • Bielekova B, Catalfamo M, Reichert-Scrivner S, et al. Regulatory CD56 (bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(15):5941-6.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , Issue.15 , pp. 5941-5946
    • Bielekova, B.1    Catalfamo, M.2    Reichert-Scrivner, S.3
  • 44
    • 82555171610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermediate-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expression predicts CD56(bright) natural killer cell expansion after daclizumab treatment in the CHOICE study of patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Sheridan JP, Zhang Y, Riester K, et al. Intermediate-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expression predicts CD56(bright) natural killer cell expansion after daclizumab treatment in the CHOICE study of patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011; 17(12):1441-8
    • (2011) Mult Scler , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 1441-1448
    • Sheridan, J.P.1    Zhang, Y.2    Riester, K.3
  • 45
    • 84883784279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis and their therapeutic implications
    • Chanvillard C, Jacolik RF, Infante-Duarte C, Nayak RC. The role of natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis and their therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2013;4:63
    • (2013) Front Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 63
    • Chanvillard, C.1    Jacolik, R.F.2    Infante-Duarte, C.3    Nayak, R.C.4
  • 46
    • 84858405029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody (daclizumab) in reducing the incidence of acute rejection after renal transplantation
    • Saghafi H, Rahbar K, Nobakht HA, et al. Efficacy of anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody (daclizumab) in reducing the incidence of acute rejection after renal transplantation. Nephrourol Mon 2012; 4(2):475-7
    • (2012) Nephrourol Mon , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 475-477
    • Saghafi, H.1    Rahbar, K.2    Nobakht, H.A.3
  • 47
    • 77949301468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): A phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta
    • Wynn D, Kaufman M, Montalban X, et al. Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta. Lancet Neurol 2010;9(4): 381-90
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 381-390
    • Wynn, D.1    Kaufman, M.2    Montalban, X.3
  • 48
    • 84879239117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Gold R, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, et al. Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2013; 381(9884):2167-75
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , Issue.9884 , pp. 2167-2175
    • Gold, R.1    Giovannoni, G.2    Selmaj, K.3
  • 49
    • 0034468346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab: An insider's historical perspective
    • Grillo-Lopez AJ. Rituximab: an insider's historical perspective. Semin Oncol 2000; 27(6 Suppl 12):9-16
    • (2000) Semin Oncol , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 9-16
    • Grillo-Lopez, A.J.1
  • 50
    • 0028057250 scopus 로고
    • Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20
    • Reff ME, Carner K, Chambers KS, et al. Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood 1994;83(2):435-45
    • (1994) Blood , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 435-445
    • Reff, M.E.1    Carner, K.2    Chambers, K.S.3
  • 51
    • 84901828208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with biologic DMARDS (Rituximab and Etanercept)
    • Gashi AA, Rexhepi S, Berisha I, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with biologic DMARDS (Rituximab and Etanercept). Med Arch 2014;68(1):51-3
    • (2014) Med Arch , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-53
    • Gashi, A.A.1    Rexhepi, S.2    Berisha, I.3
  • 52
    • 17644447104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab: The first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of lymphoma
    • Grillo-Lopez AJ, White CA, Dallaire BK, et al. Rituximab: the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of lymphoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2000; 1(1):1-9
    • (2000) Curr Pharm Biotechnol , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Grillo-Lopez, A.J.1    White, C.A.2    Dallaire, B.K.3
  • 53
    • 84899659554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A revolution in care
    • Stoll ML, Cron RQ. Treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a revolution in care. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2014;12:13
    • (2014) Pediatr Rheumatol Online J , vol.12 , pp. 13
    • Stoll, M.L.1    Cron, R.Q.2
  • 54
    • 39049142995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Hauser SL, Waubant E, Arnold DL, et al. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008;358(7):676-88.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , Issue.7 , pp. 676-688
    • Hauser, S.L.1    Waubant, E.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 55
    • 77953335494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab add-on therapy for breakthrough relapsing multiple sclerosis: A 52-week phase II trial
    • Naismith RT, Piccio L, Lyons JA, et al. Rituximab add-on therapy for breakthrough relapsing multiple sclerosis: a 52-week phase II trial. Neurology 2010;74(23):1860-7
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , Issue.23 , pp. 1860-1867
    • Naismith, R.T.1    Piccio, L.2    Lyons, J.A.3
  • 56
    • 70449418132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial
    • Hawker K, O'Connor P, Freedman MS, et al. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Ann Neurol 2009;66(4): 460-71
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 460-471
    • Hawker, K.1    O'Connor, P.2    Freedman, M.S.3
  • 57
    • 79959549561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A case series
    • Rommer PS, Patejdl R, Winkelmann A, et al. Rituximab for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a case series. Drugs CNS 2011;25(7):607-13
    • (2011) Drugs CNS , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 607-613
    • Rommer, P.S.1    Patejdl, R.2    Winkelmann, A.3
  • 58
    • 79955825182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and clinical outcomes of rituximab therapy in patients with different autoimmune diseases: Experience from a national registry (GRAID)
    • Tony HP, Burmester G, Schulze-Koops H, et al. Safety and clinical outcomes of rituximab therapy in patients with different autoimmune diseases: experience from a national registry (GRAID). Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13(3):R75
    • (2011) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. R75
    • Tony, H.P.1    Burmester, G.2    Schulze-Koops, H.3
  • 59
    • 84863211054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in autoimmune diseases
    • Palazzo E, Yahia SA. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in autoimmune diseases. Joint Bone Spine 2012;79(4):351-5
    • (2012) Joint Bone Spine , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 351-355
    • Palazzo, E.1    Yahia, S.A.2
  • 60
    • 67650345281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocrelizumab: A step forward in the evolution of B-cell therapy
    • Kausar F, Mustafa K, Sweis G, et al. Ocrelizumab: a step forward in the evolution of B-cell therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009;9(7):889-95
    • (2009) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 889-895
    • Kausar, F.1    Mustafa, K.2    Sweis, G.3
  • 61
    • 81555202418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial
    • Kappos L, Li D, Calabresi PA, et al. Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet 2011;378(9805):1779-87
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , Issue.9805 , pp. 1779-1787
    • Kappos, L.1    Li, D.2    Calabresi, P.A.3
  • 62
    • 77953677610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ofatumumab
    • Zhang B. Ofatumumab. MAbs 2009;1(4): 326-31
    • (2009) MAbs , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 326-331
    • Zhang, B.1
  • 63
    • 84900471238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New management algorithms in multiple sclerosis
    • Sorensen PS. New management algorithms in multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2014;27(3):246-59
    • (2014) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 246-259
    • Sorensen, P.S.1
  • 64
    • 84903167043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ofatumumab as front-line therapy in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    • Reagan JL, Castillo JJ. Ofatumumab as front-line therapy in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Future Oncol 2014; 10(7):1147-55
    • (2014) Future Oncol , vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp. 1147-1155
    • Reagan, J.L.1    Castillo, J.J.2
  • 65
    • 84879940364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneously administered ofatumumab in rheumatoid arthritis: A phase I/II study of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics
    • Kurrasch R, Brown JC, Chu M, et al. Subcutaneously administered ofatumumab in rheumatoid arthritis: a phase I/II study of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. J Rheumatol 2013; 40(7):1089-96
    • (2013) J Rheumatol , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 1089-1096
    • Kurrasch, R.1    Brown, J.C.2    Chu, M.3
  • 66
    • 84895734917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2 study
    • Sorensen PS, Lisby S, Grove R, et al. Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2 study. Neurology 2014;82(7): 573-81
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , Issue.7 , pp. 573-581
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Lisby, S.2    Grove, R.3
  • 67
    • 79952762854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 6 signaling promotes anti-aquaporin 4 autoantibody production from plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica
    • Chihara N, Aranami T, Sato W, et al. Interleukin 6 signaling promotes anti-aquaporin 4 autoantibody production from plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108(9): 3701-6
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , Issue.9 , pp. 3701-3706
    • Chihara, N.1    Aranami, T.2    Sato, W.3
  • 68
    • 84876792139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of neuromyelitis optica: A T cell-B cell collaboration
    • Mitsdoerffer M, Kuchroo V, Korn T. Immunology of neuromyelitis optica: a T cell-B cell collaboration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013;1283:57-66
    • (2013) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.1283 , pp. 57-66
    • Mitsdoerffer, M.1    Kuchroo, V.2    Korn, T.3
  • 69
    • 70349087378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of neuromyelitis optica attack severity by quantitation of complement-mediated injury to aquaporin-4-expressing cells
    • Hinson SR, McKeon A, Fryer JP, et al. Prediction of neuromyelitis optica attack severity by quantitation of complement-mediated injury to aquaporin-4-expressing cells. Arch Neurol 2009;66(9):1164-7
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , Issue.9 , pp. 1164-1167
    • Hinson, S.R.1    McKeon, A.2    Fryer, J.P.3
  • 70
    • 84874904135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 6 receptor blockade in patients with neuromyelitis optica nonresponsive to anti-CD20 therapy
    • Ayzenberg I, Kleiter I, Schroder A, et al. Interleukin 6 receptor blockade in patients with neuromyelitis optica nonresponsive to anti-CD20 therapy. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70(3):394-7
    • (2013) JAMA Neurol , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 394-397
    • Ayzenberg, I.1    Kleiter, I.2    Schroder, A.3
  • 71
    • 84874859809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease amelioration with tocilizumab in a treatment-resistant patient with neuromyelitis optica: Implication for cellular immune responses
    • Kieseier BC, Stuve O, Dehmel T, et al. Disease amelioration with tocilizumab in a treatment-resistant patient with neuromyelitis optica: implication for cellular immune responses. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70(3):390-3
    • (2013) JAMA Neurol , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 390-393
    • Kieseier, B.C.1    Stuve, O.2    Dehmel, T.3
  • 72
    • 77954096689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6: Regulator of Treg/Th17 balance
    • Kimura A, Kishimoto T. IL-6: regulator of Treg/Th17 balance. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40(7):1830-5
    • (2010) Eur J Immunol , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 1830-1835
    • Kimura, A.1    Kishimoto, T.2
  • 73
    • 84902096246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in neuromyelitis optica: A pilot study
    • Araki M, Matsuoka T, Miyamoto K, et al. Efficacy of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in neuromyelitis optica: a pilot study. Neurology 2014;82(15):1302-6
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , Issue.15 , pp. 1302-1306
    • Araki, M.1    Matsuoka, T.2    Miyamoto, K.3
  • 74
    • 84877919003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eculizumab in AQP4-IgG-positive relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: An open-label pilot study
    • Pittock SJ, Lennon VA, McKeon A, et al. Eculizumab in AQP4-IgG-positive relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: an open-label pilot study. Lancet Neurol 2013;12(6):554-62
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 554-562
    • Pittock, S.J.1    Lennon, V.A.2    McKeon, A.3
  • 75
    • 51649101329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spotlight on anti-CD20
    • Waubant E. Spotlight on anti-CD20. Int MS J 2008;15(1):19-25
    • (2008) Int MS J , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-25
    • Waubant, E.1
  • 76
    • 67449116625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous relapsing-remitting EAE in the SJL/J mouse: MOG-reactive transgenic T cells recruit endogenous MOG-specific B cells
    • Pollinger B, Krishnamoorthy G, Berer K, et al. Spontaneous relapsing-remitting EAE in the SJL/J mouse: MOG-reactive transgenic T cells recruit endogenous MOG-specific B cells. J Exp Med 2009; 206(6):1303-16
    • (2009) J Exp Med , vol.206 , Issue.6 , pp. 1303-1316
    • Pollinger, B.1    Krishnamoorthy, G.2    Berer, K.3
  • 77
    • 33846966636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief history of T(H) 17, the first major revision in the T(H)1/T(H) 2 hypothesis of T cell-mediated tissue damage
    • Steinman L. A brief history of T(H)17, the first major revision in the T(H)1/T(H) 2 hypothesis of T cell-mediated tissue damage. Nat Med 2007;13(2):139-45
    • (2007) Nat Med , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-145
    • Steinman, L.1
  • 78
    • 33846514266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-bet regulates the fate of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes in autoimmunity
    • Gocke AR, Cravens PD, Ben LH, et al. T-bet regulates the fate of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes in autoimmunity. J Immunol 2007;178(3):1341-8
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.178 , Issue.3 , pp. 1341-1348
    • Gocke, A.R.1    Cravens, P.D.2    Ben, L.H.3
  • 79
    • 52949136616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA report: Eculizumab (Soliris) for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Dmytrijuk A, Robie-Suh K, Cohen MH, et al. FDA report: eculizumab (Soliris) for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Oncologist 2008; 13(9):993-1000
    • (2008) Oncologist , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 993-1000
    • Dmytrijuk, A.1    Robie-Suh, K.2    Cohen, M.H.3
  • 80
    • 10744228553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of eculizumab on hemolysis and transfusion requirements in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Hillmen P, Hall C, Marsh JC, et al. Effect of eculizumab on hemolysis and transfusion requirements in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med 2004;350(6):552-9
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , Issue.6 , pp. 552-559
    • Hillmen, P.1    Hall, C.2    Marsh, J.C.3
  • 81
    • 77954583779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic approaches to multiple sclerosis: An update on failed, interrupted, or inconclusive trials of immunomodulatory treatment strategies
    • Ulzheimer JC, Meuth SG, Bittner S, et al. Therapeutic approaches to multiple sclerosis: an update on failed, interrupted, or inconclusive trials of immunomodulatory treatment strategies. BioDrugs 2010;24(4): 249-74
    • (2010) BioDrugs , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 249-274
    • Ulzheimer, J.C.1    Meuth, S.G.2    Bittner, S.3
  • 82
    • 0036022681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: Lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials
    • Wiendl H, Hohlfeld R. Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials. BioDrugs 2002;16(3):183-200
    • (2002) BioDrugs , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-200
    • Wiendl, H.1    Hohlfeld, R.2
  • 83
    • 1842407250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor blockade in actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis prevents clinical disease despite activated T cell infiltration to the central nervous system
    • Korner H, Lemckert FA, Chaudhri G, et al. Tumor necrosis factor blockade in actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis prevents clinical disease despite activated T cell infiltration to the central nervous system. Eur J Immunol 1997;27(8):1973-81
    • (1997) Eur J Immunol , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1973-1981
    • Korner, H.1    Lemckert, F.A.2    Chaudhri, G.3
  • 84
    • 0031040849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-alpha receptor fusion protein prevents experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis and demyelination in Lewis rats: An overview
    • Klinkert WE, Kojima K, Lesslauer W, et al. TNF-alpha receptor fusion protein prevents experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis and demyelination in Lewis rats: an overview. J Neuroimmunol 1997;72(2):163-8
    • (1997) J Neuroimmunol , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-168
    • Klinkert, W.E.1    Kojima, K.2    Lesslauer, W.3
  • 85
    • 0025852567 scopus 로고
    • Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Selmaj K, Raine CS, Cannella B, Brosnan CF. Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions. J Clin Invest 1991;87(3): 949-54
    • (1991) J Clin Invest , vol.87 , Issue.3 , pp. 949-954
    • Selmaj, K.1    Raine, C.S.2    Cannella, B.3    Brosnan, C.F.4
  • 86
    • 0029751983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased MRI activity and immune activation in two multiple sclerosis patients treated with the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody cA2
    • van Oosten BW, Barkhof F, Truyen L, et al. Increased MRI activity and immune activation in two multiple sclerosis patients treated with the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody cA2. Neurology 1996;47(6):1531-4
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 1531-1534
    • Van Oosten, B.W.1    Barkhof, F.2    Truyen, L.3
  • 87
    • 79959737342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour necrosis factor neutralization in MS: A cautionary tale
    • Arnason B. Tumour necrosis factor neutralization in MS: a cautionary tale. Int MS J 2011;17(2):63-8
    • (2011) Int MS J , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 63-68
    • Arnason, B.1
  • 88
    • 0026018158 scopus 로고
    • An open trial of OKT3 in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Karlik S, et al. An open trial of OKT3 in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1991;41(7): 1047-52
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 1047-1052
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Bass, B.2    Karlik, S.3
  • 89
    • 0027787937 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multiple sclerosis with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. A preliminary report on B-F5 in 21 patients
    • Racadot E, Rumbach L, Bataillard M, et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. A preliminary report on B-F5 in 21 patients. J Autoimmun 1993;6(6): 771-86
    • (1993) J Autoimmun , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 771-786
    • Racadot, E.1    Rumbach, L.2    Bataillard, M.3
  • 90
    • 0036884860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets using an anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody
    • Brok HP, van MM, Blezer E, et al. Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets using an anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 2002;169(11):6554-63
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , Issue.11 , pp. 6554-6563
    • Brok, H.P.1    Van Mm Blezer, E.2
  • 91
    • 48849087125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study
    • Segal BM, Constantinescu CS, Raychaudhuri A, et al. Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7(9):796-804
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. 796-804
    • Segal, B.M.1    Constantinescu, C.S.2    Raychaudhuri, A.3
  • 92
    • 0035059417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexities of CD28/B7: CTLA-4 costimulatory pathways in autoimmunity and transplantation
    • Salomon B, Bluestone JA. Complexities of CD28/B7: CTLA-4 costimulatory pathways in autoimmunity and transplantation. Annu Rev Immunol 2001;19:225-52
    • (2001) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 225-252
    • Salomon, B.1    Bluestone, J.A.2
  • 93
    • 0032953939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of immunotherapeutic intervention by anti-CD40L (CD154) antibody in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
    • Howard LM, Miga AJ, Vanderlugt CL, et al. Mechanisms of immunotherapeutic intervention by anti-CD40L (CD154) antibody in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 1999;103(2):281-90
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-290
    • Howard, L.M.1    Miga, A.J.2    Vanderlugt, C.L.3
  • 94
    • 33644967813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTLA4Ig: Bridging the basic immunology with clinical application
    • Bluestone JA, St Clair EW, Turka LA. CTLA4Ig: bridging the basic immunology with clinical application. Immunity 2006; 24(3):233-8
    • (2006) Immunity , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-238
    • Bluestone, J.A.1    St Clair, E.W.2    Turka, L.A.3
  • 95
    • 54049093695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTLA4Ig treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis: An open-label, phase 1 clinical trial
    • Viglietta V, Bourcier K, Buckle GJ, et al. CTLA4Ig treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis: an open-label, phase 1 clinical trial. Neurology 2008; 71(12):917-24
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , Issue.12 , pp. 917-924
    • Viglietta, V.1    Bourcier, K.2    Buckle, G.J.3
  • 97
  • 98
    • 15544382103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug discovery. Magnificent obsession
    • Couzin J. Drug discovery. Magnificent obsession. Science 2005;307(5716):1712-15
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , Issue.5716 , pp. 1712-1715
    • Couzin, J.1
  • 99
    • 0033965079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thromboembolic complications after treatment with monoclonal antibody against CD40 ligand
    • Kawai T, Andrews D, Colvin RB, et al. Thromboembolic complications after treatment with monoclonal antibody against CD40 ligand. Nat Med 2000;6(2):114
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 114
    • Kawai, T.1    Andrews, D.2    Colvin, R.B.3
  • 100
    • 32144454172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation
    • Charo IF, Ransohoff RM. The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation. N Engl J Med 2006;354(6): 610-21
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , Issue.6 , pp. 610-621
    • Charo, I.F.1    Ransohoff, R.M.2
  • 101
    • 0031684546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase i study of a humanized anti-CD11/CD18 monoclonal antibody in multiple sclerosis
    • Bowen JD, Petersdorf SH, Richards TL, et al. Phase I study of a humanized anti-CD11/CD18 monoclonal antibody in multiple sclerosis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;64(3):339-46
    • (1998) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-346
    • Bowen, J.D.1    Petersdorf, S.H.2    Richards, T.L.3
  • 102
    • 80053583158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of rituximab on relapse rate and disability in neuromyelitis optica
    • Bedi GS, Brown AD, Delgado SR, et al. Impact of rituximab on relapse rate and disability in neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler 2011;17(10):1225-30
    • (2011) Mult Scler , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1225-1230
    • Bedi, G.S.1    Brown, A.D.2    Delgado, S.R.3
  • 103
    • 55949127730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: Retrospective analysis of 25 patients
    • Jacob A, Weinshenker BG, Violich I, et al. Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: retrospective analysis of 25 patients. Arch Neurol 2008;65(11): 1443-8
    • (2008) Arch Neurol , vol.65 , Issue.11 , pp. 1443-1448
    • Jacob, A.1    Weinshenker, B.G.2    Violich, I.3
  • 104
    • 80053457747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated treatment with rituximab based on the assessment of peripheral circulating memory B cells in patients with relapsing neuromyelitis optica over 2 years
    • Kim SH, Kim W, Li XF, et al. Repeated treatment with rituximab based on the assessment of peripheral circulating memory B cells in patients with relapsing neuromyelitis optica over 2 years. Arch Neurol 2011;68(11):1412-20.
    • (2011) Arch Neurol , vol.68 , Issue.11 , pp. 1412-1420
    • Kim, S.H.1    Kim, W.2    Li, X.F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.