Mind your P's and Q's: The coming of age of semiconducting polymer dots and semiconductor quantum dots in biological applications

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

Volumn 34, Issue , 2015, Pages 30-40

  Massey, Melissa ^a   Wu, Miao ^a   Conroy, Erin M ^a   Algar, W Russ ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGY; DRUG DELIVERY; FLUORESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES;

BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; EMISSIVE MATERIALS; FLUORESCENCE TECHNOLOGIES; MULTICOLOR IMAGING; MULTIPLEXED DETECTION; POINT-OF-CARE DIAGNOSTICS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER NANOPARTICLES; SINGLE PARTICLE TRACKING;

SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS;

FLUORESCENT DYE; QUANTUM DOT; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER QUANTUM DOT; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; NANOPARTICLE; POLYMER;

BRIGHTNESS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; FLAME PHOTOMETRY; FLUORESCENCE; GENETIC PROCEDURES; HUMAN; IMAGING AND DISPLAY; IN VIVO IMAGING; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; MULTICOLOR IMAGING; MULTIPLEXED DETECTION; NONHUMAN; POINT OF CARE DIAGNOSTIC METHOD; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; REVIEW; SINGLE PARTICLE TRACKING AND IMAGING; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; SEMICONDUCTOR;

ANIMALS; FLUORESCENT DYES; HUMANS; NANOPARTICLES; POLYMERS; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTORS;

EID: 84918583670     PISSN: 09581669     EISSN: 18790429     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.006     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. The Nobel prize in chemistry 2014 2014, Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/ [28.10.14].
2. Wu C., Chiu D.T. Highly fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots for biology and medicine. Angew Chem Int Ed 2013, 52:3086-3109.
3. Chan Y.H., Wu P.J. Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles as fluorescent probes for biological imaging and sensing. Particle 2014, 10.1002/ppsc.201400123.
4. Petryayeva E., Medintz I.L., Algar W.R. Quantum dots in bioanalysis: a review of applications across various platforms for fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. Appl Spectrosc 2013, 67:215-252.
5. Mattoussi H., Palui G., Na H.B. Luminescent quantum dots as platforms for probing in vitro and in vivo biological processes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012, 64:138-166.
6. Sapsford K.E., Algar W.R., Berti L., Boeneman-Gemmill K., Casey B.J., Oh E., Stewart M.H., Medintz I.L. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013, 113:1904-2074.
7. Chan W.C.W., Nie S.M. Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection. Science 1998, 281:2016-2018.
8. Bruchez M., Moronne M., Gin P., Weiss S., Alivisatos A.P. Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels. Science 1998, 281:2013-2016.
9. Algar W.R., Susumu K., Delehanty J.B., Medintz I.L. Semiconductor quantum dots in bioanalysis: crossing the valley of death. Anal Chem 2011, 83:8826-8837.
10. Tsoi K.M., Dai Q., Alman B.A., Chan W.C.W. Are quantum dots toxic? Exploring the discrepancy between cell culture and animal studies. Acc Chem Res 2013, 46:662-671.
11. Yong K.T., Law W.C., Hu R., Ye L., Liu L., Swihart M.T., Prasad P.B. Nanotoxicity assessment of quantum dots: from cellular to primate studies. Chem Soc Rev 2013, 42:1236-1250.
12. Bradburne C.E., Delehanty J.B., Gemmill K.B., Mei B.C., Mattoussi H., Susumu K., Blanco-Canosa J.B., Dawson P.E., Medintz I.L. Cytotoxicity of quantum dots used for in vitro cellular labeling: role of QD surface ligand, delivery modality, cell type, and direct comparison to organic fluorophores. Bioconjugate Chem 2013, 24:1570-1583.
13. Boeneman K., Delehanty J.B., Blanco-Canosa J.B., Susumu K., Stewart M.H., Oh E., Huston A.L., Dawson G., Ingale S., Walters R., et al. Selecting improved peptidyl motifs for cytosolic delivery of disparate protein and nanoparticle materials. ACS Nano 2013, 7:3778-3796.
14. Estimated using 105 Cd atoms per CdX/ZnS QD (a relatively large core size) and a dietary intake of 0.3-0.4μg of Cd per kg body weight per day for a 70kg person. Sources for dietary Cd intake: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cadmium Fact Sheet. European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Opinion: Cadmium in Food. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/doc/980.pdf.
15. Dasog M., Yang Y.Z., Regli S., Atkins T.M., Faramus A., Singh M.P., Muthuswamy E., Kauzlarich S.M., Tilley R.D., Veinot J.G.C. Chemical insight into the origin of red and blue photoluminescence arising from freestanding silicon nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2013, 7:2676-2685.
16. Zhong Y.L., Peng F., Bao F., Wang S.Y., Ji X.Y., Yang L., Su Y.Y., Lee S.T., He Y. Large-scale aqueous synthesis of fluorescent and biocompatible silicon nanoparticles and their use as highly photostable biological probes. J Am Chem Soc 2013, 135:8350-8356.
17. Liu J.W., Erogbogbo F., Yong K.T., Ye L., Liu J., Hu R., Chen H.Y., Hu Y.Z., Yang Y., Yang J.H., et al. Assessing clinical prospects of silicon quantum dots: studies in mice and monkeys. ACS Nano 2013, 7:7303-7310.
18. Brunetti V., Chibli H., Flammengo R., Galeone A., Malvindi M.A., Vecchio G., Cingolani R., Nadeau J.L., Pompa P.P. InP/ZnS as a safer alternative to CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots: in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment. Nanoscale 2013, 5:307-3717.
19. Tamang S., Beaune G., Texier I., Reiss P. Aqueous phase transfer of InP/ZnS nanocrystals conserving fluorescence and high colloidal stability. ACS Nano 2011, 5:9392-9402.
20. 2S quantum dot: a bright and biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobe in the second near-infrared window. ACS Nano 2012, 6:3695-3702.
21. 2/ZnS quantum dots for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Chem Mater 2012, 24:3029-3037.
22. 2-x)/ZnS core/shell quantum dots. Nano Lett 2013, 13:4294-4298.
23. Wang Z.G., Liu S.L., Zhang Z.L., Tian Z.Q., Tang H.W., Pang D.W. Exploring sialic acid receptors-related infection behavior of avian influenza virus in human bronchial epithelial cells by single-particle tracking. Small 2014, 10:2712-2720.
24. Clausen M.P., Lagerholm B.C. Visualization of plasma membrane compartmentalization by high-speed quantum dot tracking. Nano Lett 2013, 13:2332-2337.
25. You C., Wilmes S., Richter C.P., Beutel O., Liße D., Piehler J. Electrostatically controlled quantum dot monofunctionalization for interrogating the dynamics of protein complexes in living cells. ACS Chem Biol 2013, 8:320-326.
26. Biermann B., Sokoll S., Klueva J., Missler M., Wiegert J.S., Sibarita J.-B., Heine M. Imaging of molecular surface dynamics in brain slices using single-particle tracking. Nat Commun 2014, 5:3024.
27. Keller A.M., Ghosh Y., DeVore M.S., Phipps M.E., Stewart M.H., Wilson B.S., Lidke D.S., Hollingsworth J.A., Werner J.H. 3-Dimensional tracking of non-blinking 'giant' quantum dots in live cells. Adv Funct Mater 2014, 24:4796-4803.
28. Wang Y., Fruhwirth G., Cai E., Ng T., Selvin P.R. 3D super-resolution imaging with blinking quantum dots. Nano Lett 2013, 13:5233-5241.
29. Liu J., Yang X., Wang K., Qang Q., Liu W., Wang D. Solid-phase single molecule biosensing using dual-color colocalization of fluorescent quantum dot nanoprobes. Nanoscale 2013, 5:11257.
30. Opperwall S.R., Divakaran A., Porter E.G., Christians J.A., DenHartigh A.J., Benson D.E. Wide dynamic range sensing with single quantum dot biosensors. ACS Nano 2012, 6:8078-8086.
31. Liu J., Lau S.K., Varma V.A., Moffitt R.A., Caldwell M., Liu T., Young A.N., Petros J.A., Osunkoya A.O., Krogstad T., et al. Molecular mapping of tumor heterogeneity on clinical tissue specimens with multiplexed quantum dots. ACS Nano 2010, 4:2755-2765.
32. Liu J., Lau S.K., Varma V.A., Kairdolf B.A., Nie S. Multiplexed detection and characterization of rare tumor cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma with multicolor quantum dots. Anal Chem 2010, 82:6237-6243.
33. Peng C.W., Liu X.L., Chen C., Liu X., Yang X.Q., Pang D.W., Zhu X.B., Li Y. Patterns of cancer invasion revealed by QDs-based quantitative multiplexed imaging of tumor microenvironment. Biomaterials 2011, 32:2907-2917.
34. Xu H., Xu J., Wang X., Wu D., Chen Z.G., Wang A.Y. Quantum dot-based, quantitative, and multiplexed assay for tissue staining. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013, 5:2901-2907.
35. Rakovich T.Y., Mahfoud O.K., Mohamed B.M., Prina-Mello A., Crosbie-Staunton K., VanDenBroeck T., DeKimpe L., Sukhanova A., Baty D., Rakovich A., et al. Highly sensitive single domain antibody quantum dot conjugates for detection of HER2 biomarker in lung and breast cancer cells. ACS Nano 2014, 6:5682-5695.
36. Park Y., Ryu Y.M., Jung Y., Wang T., Baek Y., Yoon Y., Bae S.M., Park J., Hwang S., Kim J., et al. Spraying quantum dot conjugates in the colon of live animals enabled rapid and multiplex cancer diagnosis using endoscopy. ACS Nano 2014, 8:8896-8910.
37. Zrazhevskiy P., Gao X. Quantum dot imaging platform for single-cell molecular profiling. Nat Commun 2013, 4:1619.
38. Cutler P.J., Malik M.D., Liu S., Byars J.M., Lidke D.S., Lidke K.A. Multi-color quantum dot tracking using a high-speed hyperspectral line-scanning microscope. PLOS ONE 2013, 8:e64320.
39. Clausen M.P., Arnspang E.C., Ballou B., Bear J.E., Lagerholm B.C. Simultaneous multi-species tracking in live cells with quantum dot conjugates. PLOS ONE 2014, 9:e97671.
40. Gussin H.A., Tomlinson I.D., Muni N.J., Little D.M., Qian H.H., Rosenthal S.J., Pepperberg D.R. GABA(C) receptor binding of quantum-dot conjugates of variable ligand valency. Bioconjugate Chem 2010, 21:1455-1464.
41. Algar W.R., Malonoski A., Deschamps J.R., Blanco-Canosa J.B., Susumu K., Stewart M.H., Johnson B.J., Dawson P.E., Medintz I.L. Proteolytic activity at quantum dot-conjugates: kinetic analysis reveals enhanced enzyme activity and localized interfacial "hopping". Nano Lett 2012, 12:3793-3802.
42. Park J., Park Y., Kim S. Signal amplification via biological self-assembly of surface-engineered quantum dots for multiplexed subattomolar immunoassays and apoptosis imaging. ACS Nano 2013, 7:9416-9427.
43. Algar W.R., Ancona M.G., Malanoski A.P., Susumu K., Medintz I.L. Assembly of a concentric Förster resonance energy transfer relay on a quantum dot scaffold: characterization and application to multiplexed protease sensing. ACS Nano 2012, 6:11044-11058.
44. Wu M., Petryayeva E., Algar W.R. Quantum dot-based concentric FRET configuration for the parallel detection of protease activity and concentration. Anal Chem 2014, 86:11181-11188.
45. Algar W.R., Wegner D., Huston A.L., Blanco-Canosa J.B., Stewart M.H., Armstrong A., Dawson P.E., Hildebrandt N., Medintz I.L. Quantum dots as simultaneous acceptors and donors in time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer relays: characterization and biosensing. J Am Chem Soc 2012, 134:1876-1891.
46. Algar W.R., Malanoski A.P., Susumu K., Stewart M.H., Hildebrandt N., Medintz I.L. Multiplexed tracking of protease activity using a single color of quantum dot vector and a time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer relay. Anal Chem 2012, 84:10136-10146.
47. Claussen J.C., Algar W.R., Hildebrandt N., Susumu K., Ancona M.G., Medintz I.L. Biophotonic logic devices based on quantum dots and temporally-staggered Förster energy transfer relays. Nanoscale 2013, 5:12156-12170.
48. Claussen J.C., Hildebrandt N., Susumu K., Ancona M.G., Medintz I.L. Complex logic functions implemented with quantum dot bionanophotonic circuits. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014, 6:3771-3778.
49. Petryayeva E., Algar W.R. Proteolytic assays on quantum-dot-modified paper substrates using simple optical readout platforms. Anal Chem 2013, 85:8817-8825.
50. Petryayeva E., Algar W.R. Multiplexed homogeneous assays of proteolytic activity using a smartphone and quantum dots. Anal Chem 2014, 86:3195-3202.
51. Wu C., Bull B., Szymanski C., Christensen K., McNeill J. Multicolor conjugated polymer dots for biological fluorescence imaging. ACS Nano 2008, 2:2415-2423.
52. Yu J., Wu C., Sahu S.P., Fernando L.P., Szymanski C., McNeill J. Nanoscale 3D tracking with conjugated polymer nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2009, 131:18410-18414.
53. Rong Y., Wu C., Yu J., Zhang X., Ye F., Zeigler M., Gallina M.E., Wu I.C., Zhang Y., Chan Y.H., et al. Multicolor fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots with narrow emissions and high brightness. ACS Nano 2013, 7:376-384.
54. Zhang X., Yu J., Rong Y., Ye F., Chiu D.T., Uvdal K. High-intensity near-IR fluorescence in semiconducting polymer dots achieved by cascade FRET strategy. Chem Sci 2013, 4:2143-2151.
55. Ye F., Smith P.B., Wu C., Chiu D.T. Ultrasensitive detection of proteins on western blots with semiconducting polymer dots. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013, 34:785-790.
56. Wu X.Y., Liu H.J., Liu J.Q., Haley K.N., Treadway J.A., Larson J.P., Ge N.F., Peale F., Bruchez M.P. Immunofluorescent labeling of cancer marker HER2 and other cellular targets with semiconductor quantum dots. Nat Biotechnol 2003, 21:41-46.
57. Gerion D., Chen F.Q., Kannan B., Fu A.H., Parak W.J., Chen D.J., Majumdar A., Alivisatos A.P. Room-temperature single-nucleotide polymorphism and multiallele DNA detection using fluorescent nanocrystals and microarrays. Anal Chem 2003, 75:4766-4772.
58. Bakalova R., Zhelev Z., Ohba H., Baba Y. Quantum dot-based western blot technology for ultrasensitive detection of tracer proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2005, 127:9328-9329.
59. Wu C., Jin Y., Schneider T., Burnham D.R., Smith P.B., Chiu D.T. Ultrabright and bioorthogonal labeling of cellular targets using semiconducting polymer dots and click chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed 2010, 49:9436-9440.
60. Ye F., Wu C., Sun W., Yu J., Zhang X., Rong Y., Zhang Y., Wu I.C., Chan Y.H., Chiu D.T. Semiconducting polymer dots with monofunctional groups. Chem Commun 2014, 50:5604-5607.
61. Clarke S., Pinaud F., Beutel O., You C., Piehler J., Dahan M. Covalent monofunctionalization of peptide-coated quantum dots for single-molecule assays. Nano Lett 2010, 10:2147-2154.
62. Liu H.Y., Gao X. Engineering monovalent quantum dot-antibody bioconjugates with a hybrid gel system. Bioconjugate Chem 2011, 22:510-517.
63. Wu P.J., Kuo S.Y., Huang Y.C., Chen C.P., Chan Y.H. Polydiacetylene-enclosed near-infrared fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots for bioimaging and sensing. Anal Chem 2014, 86:4831-4839.
64. Huang Y.C., Chen C.P., Wu P.J., Kuo S.Y., Chan Y.H. Coumarin dye-embedded semiconducting polymer dots for ratiometric sensing of fluoride ions in aqueous solution and bio-imaging in cells. J Mater Chem B 2014, 2:6188-6191.
65. Pu K., Shuhendler A.J., Rao J. Semiconducting polymer nanoprobe for in vivo imaging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Angew Chem Int Ed 2013, 52:10325-10329.
66. Shuhendler A.J., Pu K., Cui L., Uetrecht J.P., Rao J. Real-time imaging of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the liver of live animals for drug-toxicity testing. Nat Biotechnol 2014, 32:373-382.
67. Chan Y.H., Ye F., Gallina M.E., Zhang X., Jin Y., Wu I.C., Chiu D.T. Hybrid semiconducting polymer dot-quantum dot with narrow-band emission, near-infrared fluorescence, and high brightness. J Am Chem Soc 2012, 134:7309-7312.
68. Sun W., Yu J., Deng R., Rong Y., Fujimoto B., Wu C., Zhang H., Chiu D.T. Semiconducting polymer dots doped with europium complexes showing ultranarrow emission and long luminescence lifetime for time-gated cellular imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed 2013, 52:11294-11297.
69. Li Q., Zhang J., Sun W., Yu J., Wu C., Qin W., Chiu D.T. Europium-complex-grafted polymer dots for amplified quenching and cellular imaging applications. Langmuir 2014, 30:8607-8614.
70. Chan Y.H., Gallina M.E., Zhang X., Wu I.C., Jin Y., Sun W., Chiu D.T. Reversible photoswitching of spiropyran-conjugated semiconducting polymer dots. Anal Chem 2012, 84:9431-9438.
71. Sun W., Hayden S., Jin Y., Rong Y., Yu J., Ye F., Chan Y.H., Zeigler M., Wu C., Chiu D.T. A versatile method for generating semiconducting polymer dot nanocomposites. Nanoscale 2012, 4:7246-7249.
72. Wang C., Xu C., Zeng H., Sun S. Recent progress in synthesis and applications of dumbbell-like nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2009, 21:3045-3052.
73. Buonsanti R., Milliron D.J. Chemistry of doped colloidal nanocrystals. Chem Mater 2013, 25:1305-1317.
74. Jing L., Ding K., Kalytchuk S., Wang Y., Qiao R., Kershaw S.V., Rogach A.L., Gao M. Aqueous manganese-doped core/shell CdTe/ZnS quantum dots with strong fluorescence and high relaxivity. J Phys Chem C 2013, 117:18752-18761.
75. Thakar R., Chen Y., Snee P.T. Efficient emission from core/(doped) shell nanoparticles: applications for chemical sensing. Nano Lett 2007, 7:3429-3432.
76. Yi D.K., Selvan S.T., Lee S.S., Papaefthymiou G.C., Kundaliya D., Ying J.Y. Silica-coated nanocomposites of magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots. J Am Chem Soc 2005, 127:4990-4991.
77. Song E., Han W., Li J., Jiang Y., Cheng D., Song Y., Zhang P., Tan W. Magnetic-encoded fluorescent multifunctional nanospheres for simultaneous multicomponent analysis. Anal Chem 2014, 86:9434-9442.
78. Cywiński P.J., Hammann T., Hühn D., Parak W.J., Hildebrandt N., Löhmannsröben H.G. Europium-quantum dot nanobioconjugates as luminescent probes for time-gated biosensing. J Biomed Opt 2014, 19:101506.
79. Díaz S.A., Menéndez G.O., Etchehon M.H., Giordano L., Jovin T.M., Jares-Erijman E.A. Photoswitchable water-soluble quantum dots: pcFRET based on amphiphilic photochromic polymer coating. ACS Nano 2011, 5:2795-2805.
80. Grimland J.L., Wu C., Ramoutar R.R., Brumaghim J.L., McNeill J. Photosensitizer-doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles with high cross-sections for one- and two-photon excitation. Nanoscale 2011, 3:1451-1455.
81. Spillman C.M., Naciri J., Algar W.R., Medintz I.L., Delehanty J.B. Multifunctional liquid crystal nanoparticles for intracellular fluorescent imaging and drug delivery. ACS Nano 2014, 8:6896-6997.
82. Feng X., Lv F., Liu L., Tang H., Xing C., Yang Q., Wang S. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery and imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2010, 2:2429-2435.
83. Cordovilla C., Swager T.M. Strain release in organic photonic nanoparticles for protease sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2012, 134:6932-6935.
84. Li Q., Sun K., Chang K., Yu J., Chiu D.T., Wu C., Qin W. Ratiometric luminescent detection of bacterial spores with terbium chelated semiconducting polymer dots. Anal Chem 2013, 85:9087-9091.
85. Chan Y.H., Wu C., Ye F., Jin Y., Smith P.B., Chiu D.T. Development of ultrabright semiconducting polymer dots for ratiometric pH sensing. Anal Chem 2011, 83:1448-1455.
86. Snee P.T., Somers R.C., Nair G., Zimmer J.P., Bawendi M.G., Nocera D.G. A ratiometric CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal pH sensor. J Am Chem Soc 2006, 128:13320-13321.
87. Shi H., Ma X., Zhao Q., Liu B., Qu Q., An Z., Zhao Y., Huang W. Ultrasmall phosphorescent polymer dots for ratiometric oxygen sensing and photodynamic cancer therapy. Adv Funct Mater 2014, 24:4823-4830.
88. Wu C., Hansen S.J., Hou Q., Yu J., Zeigler M., Jin Y., Burnham D.R., McNeil J.D., Olson J.M., Chiu D.T. Design of highly emissive polymer dot bioconjugates for in vivo tumor targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed 2011, 50:343-3434.
89. Xiong L., Shuhendler A.J., Rao J. Self-luminescing BRET-FRET near-infrared dots for in vivo lymph-node mapping and tumour imaging. Nat Commun 2012, 3:1193.
90. So M.K., Xu C.J., Loening A.M., Gambhir S.S., Rao J.H. Self-illuminating quantum dot conjugates for in vivo imaging. Nat Biotechnol 2006, 24:339-343.
91. Kim S., Lim Y.T., Soltesz E.G., DeGrand A.M., Lee J., Nakayama A., Parker J.A., Mihaljevic T., Laurence R.G., Dor D.M., et al. Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping. Nat Biotechnol 2004, 22:93-97.