Framing the pictures in our heads: Exploring the framing and agenda-setting effects of visual images

Doing News Framing Analysis: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 233-261

  Coleman, Renita ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917125698     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203864463     Document Type: Chapter

References (102)

1. Abelson, R. P., Kinder, D. R., Peters, M. D., & Fiske, S. T. (1982). Affective and semantic components in political person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(4), 619-630.
2. Aday, S. (2005). The real war will never get on television: An analysis of casualty imagery in American television coverage of the Iraq War. In P. Seib (Ed.), Media and conflict in the twenty-first century (pp. 141-156). New York:Palgrave Macmillan.
3. Aday, S. (2006). The framesetting effects of news: An experimental test of advocacy versus objectivist frames. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(4), 767-784.
4. Aday, S., Cluverius, J., & Livingston, S. (2005). As goes the statue, so goes the war: The emergence of the victory frame in television coverage of the Iraq war. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(3), 314-331.
5. Arpan, L. M., Baker, K., Lee, Y., Jung, T., Lorusso, L., & Smith, J. (2006). News coverage of social protests and the effects of photographs and prior attitudes. Mass Communication & Society, 9(1), 1-20.
6. Azjen, L., & Fishbein, M. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
7. Banning, S., & Coleman, R. (2009). Louder than words: A content analysis of presidential candidates' televised nonverbal communication. Visual Communication Quarterly, 16(1), 4-17.
8. Baran, S. J., & Davis, D. K. (1995). Mass communication theory: Foundations, ferment and future. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
9. Bell, P. (2001). Content analysis of visual images. In T. van Leeuwen & C. Jewitt (Eds.), Handbook of visual analysis (pp. 10-34). London: Sage.
10. Berger, A. A. (1981). Semiotics and TV. In R. R. Adler (Ed.), Understanding television: Essays on television as a social and cultural force (pp. 91-114). New York: Praeger.
11. Boone, R. T., & Buck, R. (2003). Emotional expressivity and trustworthiness:The role of nonverbal behavior in the evolution of cooperation. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27(3), 163-182.
12. Brewer, W. F., & Nakamura, G. V. (1984). The nature and functions of schemas. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (pp. 119-160). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
13. Bucy, E. (2003). Emotion, presidential communication, and traumatic news:Processing the World Trade Center attacks. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 8(4), 76-96.
14. Burgoon, J. K., Birk, T., & Pfau, M. (1990). Nonverbal behaviors, persuasion, and credibility. Human Communication Research, 17(1), 140-169.
15. Burns, K. L., & Beier, E. G. (1973). Significance of vocal and visual channels in the decoding of emotional meaning. Journal of Communication, 23(1), 118-130.
16. Bystrom, D. G., Robertson, T. A., & Banwart, M. A. (2001). Framing the fight:An analysis of media coverage of female and male candidates in primary races for governor and U.S. Senate in 2000. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(12), 1999-2013.
17. Choi, Y-J., & Lee, J-H. (2006). The role of a scene in framing a story: An analysis of a scene's position, length, and proportion. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 50(4), 703-722.
18. Cohen, B. (1963). The press and foreign policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
19. Coker, D. A., & Burgoon, J. K. (1987). The nature of conversational involvement and nonverbal encoding patterns. Human Communication Research, 13(4), 463-494.
20. Coleman, R., & Banning, S. (2006). Network TV news' affective framing of the presidential candidates: Evidence for a second-level agenda-setting effect through visual framing. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(2), 313-328.
21. Coleman, R., & Wu, H. D. (2006a). Affective priming of the 2004 presidential candidates: Exploring the second-level agenda-setting effect through visual information. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, San Francisco, CA.
22. Coleman, R., & Wu, H. D. (2006b). More than words alone: Incorporating broadcasters' nonverbal communication into the stages of crisis coverage theory-Evidence from September 11. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50(1), 1-17.
23. D'Angelo, P. (2002). News framing as a multiparadigmatic research program: A response to Entman. Journal of Communication, 52(4), 870-888.
24. de Vreese, C. H. (2004). The effects of frames in political television news on issue interpretation and frame salience. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 36-52.
25. Detenber, B.H., Gotlieb, M. R., McLeod, D. M., & Malinkina, O. (2007). Framing intensity effects of television news stories about a high-visibility protest issue. Mass Communication & Society, 10(4), 439-460.
26. Devitt, J. (1999). Framing gender on the campaign trail: Women's executive leadership and the press. Washington, DC: The Women's Leadership Fund.
27. Dillard, J. P., & Meijnders, A. (2002). Persuasion and the structure of affect. In J. P. Dillard & M. Pfau (Eds.), The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice (pp. 309-327). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
28. Dillard, J. P., & Wilson, B. J. (1993). Communication and affect: Thoughts, feelings, and issues for the future. Communication Research, 2(5), 637-646.
29. Dimitrova, D. V., & Stromback, J. (2005). Mission accomplished? Gazette: The International Journal for Communication Studies, 67, 399-417.
30. Domke, D., Fan, D., Fibison, M., Shah, M. V., Smith, S. S., & Watts, M. D. (1997). News media, candidates and issues, and public opinion in the 1996 presidential campaign. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 74, 718-737.
31. Ekman, P. (Ed.). (1983). Emotion in the human face (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
32. Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58.
33. Esser, F., & D'Angelo, P. (2003). Framing the press and the publicity process: A content analysis of meta-coverage in campaign 2000 network news. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(5), 617-641.
34. Fahmy, S., Kelly, J. D., & Kim, Y. S. (2007). What Katrina revealed: A visual analysis of the hurricane coverage by news wires and U.S. newspapers. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84(3), 546-561.
35. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1984). Social cognition. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
36. Friedman, H. S., Mertz, T. I., & DiMatteo, M.R. (1980). Perceived bias in the facial expressions of television news broadcasters. Journal of Communication, 30(4), 103-111.
37. Ghanem, S. (1997). Filling in the tapestry: The second level of agenda setting. In M. McCombs, D. Shaw & D. Weaver (Eds.), Communication and democracy (pp. 3-14). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
38. Gianetti, L. D. (1982). Understanding movies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
39. Gibson, R., & Zillmann, D. (2000). Reading between the photographs: The influence of incidental pictorial information on issue perception. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(2), 355-366.
40. Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching. Berkeley: University of California Press.
41. Goffman, E. (1979). Gender advertisements. London: Macmillan.
42. Grabe, M. E. (1996). The South African Broadcasting Corporation's coverage of the 1987 and 1989 elections: The matter of visual bias. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 40(2), 153-179.
43. Graber, D. (1990). Seeing in remembering: How visuals contribute to learning from television news. Journal of Communication, 40(3), 134-155.
44. Greenberg, J. (2002). Framing and temporality in political cartoons: A critical analysis of visual news discourse. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 39(2), 182-198.
45. Griffin, M. (2004). Picturing America's "War on Terrorism" in Afghanistan and Iraq: Photographic motifs as news frames. Journalism, 5(4), 381-402.
46. Grimes, T. (1990). Encoding TV news messages into memory. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 757-766.
47. Grimes, T., & Drechsel, R. (1996). Word-picture juxtaposition, schemata, and defamation in television news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(1), 169-180.
48. Groshek, J. (2008). Homogenous agendas, disparate frames: CNN and CNN International coverage online. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 52(1), 52-68.
49. Harris, R. J. (1994). A cognitive psychology of mass communication (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
50. Hatley Major, L., & Perlmutter, D. (2005). The fall of a pseudo-icon: The toppling of Saddam Hussein's statue as image management. Visual Communication Quarterly, 12(1 & 2), 38-45.
51. Helmsley, G. D., & Doob, A. T. (1978). The effect of looking behavior on perceptions of a communicator's credibility. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 8, 136-144.
52. Huxford, J. (2001). Beyond the referential: Uses of visual symbolism in the press. Journalism, 2(1), 45-71.
53. Iguarta, J. J., Cheng, L., & Lopes, O. (2003). To think or not to think: Two pathways towards persuasion by short films on Aids prevention. Journal of Health Communication, 8(6), 513-528.
54. Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago: University of Chicago.
55. Izard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
56. Janis, I. L., & Fadner, R. (1965). Coefficients of imbalance. In H. Laswell, N. Leites, & Associates (Eds.), Language of politics (pp. 153-169). South Norwalk, CT: George W. Stewart.
57. Kamhawi, R., & Grabe, E. (2008). Engaging the female audience: An evolutionary psychology perspective on gendered responses to news valence frames. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 52(1), 33-51.
58. Kiousis, S., Bantimaroudis, P., & Ban, H. (1999). Candidate image attributes:Experiments on the substantive dimension of second-level agenda setting. Communication Research, 26(4), 414-428.
59. Lacy, S., & Fico, F. (1991). Fairness and balance in the prestige press. Journalism Quarterly, 68(3), 363-370.
60. Lamb, W., & Watson, E. (1979). Body code: The meaning in movement. London:Routledge & Kegan Paul.
61. Lang, K., & Lang, G. E. (1952). The unique perspective of television and its effect: A pilot study. In W. Schramm & D. F. Roberts (Eds.), The process and effects of mass communication (pp. 169-188). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
62. Lanzetta, J. T., Sullivan, D. G., Masters, R. D., & McHugo, G. J. (1985). Viewers' emotional and cognitive responses to televised images of political leaders. In S. Kraus & R. M. Perloff (Eds.), Mass media and political thought: An information processing approach (pp. 85-116). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
63. Lichter, R. S., & Noyes, R. E. (1995). Good intentions make bad news:Why Americans hate campaign journalism. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
64. Liebler, C. M., & Bendix, J. (1996). Old-growth forests on network news: News sources and the framing of an environmental controversy. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(1), 53-65.
65. Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Macmillan.
66. Lowry, D., & Shidler, J. (1995). The sound bites, the biters, and the bitten: An analysis of network TV new bias in campaign '92. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 72(1), 33-44.
67. Manusov, V. (Ed.). (2005). The sourcebook of nonverbal measures: Going beyond words. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
68. McCombs, M., Shaw, D. L., & Weaver, D. (1997). Communication and democracy:Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda-setting theory. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
69. McHugo, G. J., Lanzetta, J. T., Sullivan, D. G., Masters, R. D., & Englis, B. G. (1985). Emotional reactions to a political leader's expressive displays. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(6), 1513-1529.
70. McLeod, D. M., & Detenber, B. H. (1999). Framing effects of television news coverage of social protest. Journal of Communication, 49(3), 3-23.
71. Mehrabian, A. (1968). Inference of attitudes from the posture, orientation, and distance of a communicator. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32(3), 296-308.
72. Messaris, P., & Abraham, L. (2001). The role of images in framing news stories. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy, & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 215-226). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
73. Miller, A., Coleman, R., & Granberg, D. (2007). TV anchors, elections, and bias: A longitudinal study of the facial expressions of Brokaw, Rather, Jennings. Visual Communication Quarterly, 14(4), 244-257.
74. Montepare, J. M., & Dobish, H. (2003). The contribution of emotion perceptions and their overgeneralizations to trait impressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27(4), 237-254.
75. Moriarty, S. E., & Popovich, M. N. (1991). Newsmagazine visuals and the 1988 presidential election. Journalism Quarterly, 68(3), 371-380.
76. Mullen, B., Futrell, D., Stairs, D., Tice, D. M., Baumeister, R. F., Dawson, K. E. et al. (1986). Newscasters' facial expressions and voting behavior of viewers:Can a smile elect a president? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(2), 291-295.
77. Newhagen, J., & Reeves, B. E. (1990). Emotion and memory responses for negative political advertising: A study of television commercials used in the 1988 presidential election. In F. Biocca (Ed.), Television and political advertising (Vol. 1, pp. 197-220). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
78. Paletz, D., & Guthrie, K. K. (1987). The three faces of Ronald Reagan. Journal of Communication, 37(4), 7-23.
79. Perlmutter, D. (1998). Photojournalism and foreign policy: Framing icons of outrage in international crisis. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
80. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1981). Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
81. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
82. Pezdek, K. (1977). Cross-modality semantic integration of sentence and picture memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology 3, 515-524.
83. Price, V., Tewksbury, D., & Powers, E. (1997). Switching trains of thought:The impact of news frames on readers' cognitive responses. Communication Research, 24(5), 481-506.
84. Reese, S. D., Gandy, O. H., & Grant, A. E. (Eds.). (2001). Framing public life:Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
85. Robinson, M., & Sheehan, M. (1982). Over the wire and on TV. New York:Russell Sage Foundation.
86. Rosenberg, S. W., Bohan, P., McCafferty, P., & Harris, K. (1986). The image and the vote: The effect of candidate presentation on voter preference. American Journal of Political Science, 30(1), 108-127.
87. Rosenberg, S. W., & McCafferty, P. (1987). The image and the vote: Manipulating voters' preferences. Public Opinion Quarterly, 51(1), 31-47.
88. Rosenthal, R., Hall, J., DiMatteo, M. R., Rogers, P., & Archer, D. (1979). Sensitivity to non-verbal communication: The PONS test. Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press.
89. Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103-122.
90. Schwalbe, C. B. (2006). Remembering our shared past: Visually framing the Iraq war on U.S. news websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 264-289.
91. Schwalbe, C. B., Silcock, B. W., & Keith, S. (2008). Visual framing of the early weeks of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq: Applying the master war narrative to electronic and print images. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(3), 448-465.
92. Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93-108.
93. Severin, W. J., & Tankard, J. W. (1992). Communication theories: Origins, methods, and uses in the mass media. New York: Longman.
94. Smith, K., Moriarty, S. E., Barbatsis, G., & Kenney, K. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook of visual communication: Theory, methods, and media. Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
95. Stempel, G., & Culbertson, H. (1984). The prominence and dominance of news sources in newspaper media coverage. Journalism Quarterly, 61(3), 671-676.
96. Waldman, P., & Devitt, J. (1998). Newspaper photographs and the 1996 presidential election: The question of bias. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 75(2), 302-311.
97. Wanta, W. (1988). The effects of dominant photographs: An agenda-setting experiment. Journalism Quarterly, 65(1), 107-111.
98. Wanta, W., Golan, G., & Lee, C. (2004). Agenda-setting and international news: Media influence on public perceptions of foreign nations. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(2), 364-377.
99. Witt, L., Paget, K. M., & Matthews, G. (1994). Running as a woman: Gender and power in American politics. New York: The Free Press.
100. Wu, H. D., & Coleman, R. (2007). Advancing agenda-setting theory: A comparison of the relative strength of the two levels of agenda setting, and proposing new contingent conditions. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington, DC.
101. Yioutas, J., & Segvic, I. (2003). Revisiting the Clinton/Lewinsky scandal: The convergence of agenda setting and framing. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(3), 567-582.
102. Zillmann, D., Knobloch, S., & Yu, H. (2001). Effects of photographs on the selective reading of news reports. Media Psychology, 3(4), 301-324.