메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 232-237

Immunomodulatory treatments in epilepsy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CORTICOTROPIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; EFALIZUMAB; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MINOCYCLINE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; NATALIZUMAB; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; RITUXIMAB; TACROLIMUS; TETRACYCLINE; TOPIRAMATE; VIGABATRIN;

EID: 84916877125     PISSN: 10719091     EISSN: 15580776     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2014.08.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (22)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 80655128389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intractable childhood epilepsy: Choosing between the treatments
    • Kossoff E.H. Intractable childhood epilepsy: Choosing between the treatments. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2011, 18:145-149.
    • (2011) Semin Pediatr Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 145-149
    • Kossoff, E.H.1
  • 2
    • 0034598762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early identification of refractory epilepsy
    • Kwan P., Brodie M.J. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:314-319.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 314-319
    • Kwan, P.1    Brodie, M.J.2
  • 4
    • 33751099302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential new antiepileptogenic targets indicated by microarray analysis in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Gorter J.A., van Vliet E.A., Aronica E., et al. Potential new antiepileptogenic targets indicated by microarray analysis in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci 2006, 26:11083-11110.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 11083-11110
    • Gorter, J.A.1    van Vliet, E.A.2    Aronica, E.3
  • 5
    • 77950539231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4 and high-mobility group box-1 are involved in ictogenesis and can be targeted to reduce seizures
    • Maroso M., Balosso S., Ravizza T., et al. Toll-like receptor 4 and high-mobility group box-1 are involved in ictogenesis and can be targeted to reduce seizures. Nat Med 2010, 16:413-419.
    • (2010) Nat Med , vol.16 , pp. 413-419
    • Maroso, M.1    Balosso, S.2    Ravizza, T.3
  • 6
    • 84860918793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system neuronal surface antibody associated syndromes: Review and guidelines for recognition
    • Zuliani L., Graus F., Giometto B., et al. Central nervous system neuronal surface antibody associated syndromes: Review and guidelines for recognition. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012, 83:638-645.
    • (2012) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.83 , pp. 638-645
    • Zuliani, L.1    Graus, F.2    Giometto, B.3
  • 7
    • 80255136276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome: A multicenter study on 77 children
    • Kramer U., Chi C.S., Lin K.L., et al. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome: A multicenter study on 77 children. Epilepsia 2011, 52:1956-1965.
    • (2011) Epilepsia , vol.52 , pp. 1956-1965
    • Kramer, U.1    Chi, C.S.2    Lin, K.L.3
  • 8
    • 55049106412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical overview of the influence of inflammation and infection on P-glycoprotein expression and activity in the brain
    • Roberts D.J., Goralski K.B. A critical overview of the influence of inflammation and infection on P-glycoprotein expression and activity in the brain. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008, 4:1245-1264.
    • (2008) Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , vol.4 , pp. 1245-1264
    • Roberts, D.J.1    Goralski, K.B.2
  • 9
    • 71149115488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenocorticotropic hormone versus pulsatile dexamethasone in the treatment of infantile epilepsy syndromes
    • Haberlandt E., Weger C., Sigl S.B., et al. Adrenocorticotropic hormone versus pulsatile dexamethasone in the treatment of infantile epilepsy syndromes. Pediatr Neurol 2010, 42:21-27.
    • (2010) Pediatr Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 21-27
    • Haberlandt, E.1    Weger, C.2    Sigl, S.B.3
  • 10
    • 84860531443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress glucocorticoids and absences in a genetic epilepsy model
    • Tolmacheva E.A., Oitzl M.S., G. Van Luijtelaar Stress glucocorticoids and absences in a genetic epilepsy model. Horm Behav 2012, 61:706-710.
    • (2012) Horm Behav , vol.61 , pp. 706-710
    • Tolmacheva, E.A.1    Oitzl, M.S.2    Van Luijtelaar, G.3
  • 11
    • 0037942601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood-brain barrier and its role in immune privilege in the central nervous system
    • Pachter J.S., De Vries H.E., Fabry Z. The blood-brain barrier and its role in immune privilege in the central nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2003, 62:593-604.
    • (2003) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 593-604
    • Pachter, J.S.1    De Vries, H.E.2    Fabry, Z.3
  • 12
    • 84874988574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of immunity and the inflammatory response: A new target for treating drug-resistant epilepsy
    • Yu N., Liu H., Di Q. Modulation of immunity and the inflammatory response: A new target for treating drug-resistant epilepsy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013, 11:114-127.
    • (2013) Curr Neuropharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 114-127
    • Yu, N.1    Liu, H.2    Di, Q.3
  • 13
    • 0035094278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin (ACTH) acts directly on amygdala neurons to down-regulate corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression
    • Brunson K.L., Khan N., Eghbal-Ahmadi M., et al. Corticotropin (ACTH) acts directly on amygdala neurons to down-regulate corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. Ann Neurol 2001, 49:304-312.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 304-312
    • Brunson, K.L.1    Khan, N.2    Eghbal-Ahmadi, M.3
  • 14
    • 2442641463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: Medical treatment of infantile spasms: Report of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society
    • Mackay M.T., Weiss S.K., Adams-Webber T., et al. Practice parameter: Medical treatment of infantile spasms: Report of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 2004, 62:1668-1681.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 1668-1681
    • Mackay, M.T.1    Weiss, S.K.2    Adams-Webber, T.3
  • 15
    • 33748047119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACTH therapy for generalized seizures other than spasms
    • Okumura A., Tsuji T., Kato T., et al. ACTH therapy for generalized seizures other than spasms. Seizure 2006, 15:469-475.
    • (2006) Seizure , vol.15 , pp. 469-475
    • Okumura, A.1    Tsuji, T.2    Kato, T.3
  • 16
    • 44949208631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids including ACTH for childhood epilepsy other than epileptic spasms
    • Gayatri N.A., Ferrie C.D., Cross H. Corticosteroids including ACTH for childhood epilepsy other than epileptic spasms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, CD005222.
    • (2007) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , pp. CD005222
    • Gayatri, N.A.1    Ferrie, C.D.2    Cross, H.3
  • 17
    • 80054906325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune-mediated steroid-responsive epileptic spasms and epileptic encephalopathy associated with VGKC-complex antibodies
    • Suleiman J., Brenner T., Gill D., et al. Immune-mediated steroid-responsive epileptic spasms and epileptic encephalopathy associated with VGKC-complex antibodies. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011, 53:1058-1060.
    • (2011) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 1058-1060
    • Suleiman, J.1    Brenner, T.2    Gill, D.3
  • 18
    • 22144496795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Sloka J.S., Stefanelli M. The mechanism of action of methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2005, 11:425-432.
    • (2005) Mult Scler , vol.11 , pp. 425-432
    • Sloka, J.S.1    Stefanelli, M.2
  • 19
    • 77954798838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone for the treatment of children with refractory epilepsy
    • Sevilla-Castillo R.A., Palacios G.C., Ramirez-Campos J., et al. Methylprednisolone for the treatment of children with refractory epilepsy. Neuropediatrics 2009, 40:265-268.
    • (2009) Neuropediatrics , vol.40 , pp. 265-268
    • Sevilla-Castillo, R.A.1    Palacios, G.C.2    Ramirez-Campos, J.3
  • 20
    • 85027925505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline- and tetracycline-class antibiotics are protective against partial seizures in vivo
    • Wang D.D., Englot D.J., Garcia P.A., et al. Minocycline- and tetracycline-class antibiotics are protective against partial seizures in vivo. Epilepsy Behav 2012, 24:314-318.
    • (2012) Epilepsy Behav , vol.24 , pp. 314-318
    • Wang, D.D.1    Englot, D.J.2    Garcia, P.A.3
  • 21
    • 39549094209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of minocycline and doxycycline use as potential vasculostatic therapy for brain vascular malformations: Pilot study of adverse events and tolerance
    • Frenzel T., Lee C.Z., Kim H., et al. Feasibility of minocycline and doxycycline use as potential vasculostatic therapy for brain vascular malformations: Pilot study of adverse events and tolerance. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008, 25:157-163.
    • (2008) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.25 , pp. 157-163
    • Frenzel, T.1    Lee, C.Z.2    Kim, H.3
  • 22
    • 0024790011 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin: A review
    • Eibl M.M., Wedgwood R.J. Intravenous immunoglobulin: A review. Immunodefic Rev? 1989, (suppl 1):1-42.
    • (1989) Immunodefic Rev? , pp. 1-42
    • Eibl, M.M.1    Wedgwood, R.J.2
  • 23
    • 72149111128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulins-Understanding properties and mechanisms
    • Durandy A., Kaveri S.V., Kuijpers T.W., et al. Intravenous immunoglobulins-Understanding properties and mechanisms. Clin Exp Immunol 2009, 158(suppl 1):2-13.
    • (2009) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 2-13
    • Durandy, A.1    Kaveri, S.V.2    Kuijpers, T.W.3
  • 24
    • 0025674053 scopus 로고
    • Use of intravenous immunoglobulins in drug-resistant epilepsy
    • Fois A., Vascotto M. Use of intravenous immunoglobulins in drug-resistant epilepsy. Childs Nerv Syst 1990, 6:400-405.
    • (1990) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.6 , pp. 400-405
    • Fois, A.1    Vascotto, M.2
  • 25
    • 0017608140 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of epileptic encephalopathies with gamma globulin in children (author's transl)
    • Pechadre J.C., Sauvezie B., Osier C., et al. The treatment of epileptic encephalopathies with gamma globulin in children (author's transl). Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin 1977, 7:443-447.
    • (1977) Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin , vol.7 , pp. 443-447
    • Pechadre, J.C.1    Sauvezie, B.2    Osier, C.3
  • 26
    • 0028575663 scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin treatment in epilepsy, a review of the literature
    • van Engelen B.G., Renier W.O., Weemaes C.M., et al. Immunoglobulin treatment in epilepsy, a review of the literature. Epilepsy Res 1994, 19:181-190.
    • (1994) Epilepsy Res , vol.19 , pp. 181-190
    • van Engelen, B.G.1    Renier, W.O.2    Weemaes, C.M.3
  • 27
    • 34548434866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulins in refractory childhood-onset epilepsy: Effects on seizure frequency, EEG activity, and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profile
    • Billiau A.D., Witters P., Ceulemans B., et al. Intravenous immunoglobulins in refractory childhood-onset epilepsy: Effects on seizure frequency, EEG activity, and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profile. Epilepsia 2007, 48:1739-1749.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 1739-1749
    • Billiau, A.D.1    Witters, P.2    Ceulemans, B.3
  • 28
    • 0036234372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in Landau-Kleffner syndrome
    • Mikati M.A., Saab R., Fayad M.N., et al. Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2002, 26:298-300.
    • (2002) Pediatr Neurol , vol.26 , pp. 298-300
    • Mikati, M.A.1    Saab, R.2    Fayad, M.N.3
  • 29
    • 68149137804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landau-Kleffner syndrome and CSWS syndrome: Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins
    • Arts W.F., Aarsen F.K., Scheltens-de Boer M., et al. Landau-Kleffner syndrome and CSWS syndrome: Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins. Epilepsia 2009, 50(suppl 7):55-58.
    • (2009) Epilepsia , vol.50 , pp. 55-58
    • Arts, W.F.1    Aarsen, F.K.2    Scheltens-de Boer, M.3
  • 30
    • 0035936602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive response to immunomodulatory therapy in an adult patient with Rasmussen's encephalitis
    • Villani F., Spreafico R., Farina L., et al. Positive response to immunomodulatory therapy in an adult patient with Rasmussen's encephalitis. Neurology 2001, 56:248-250.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 248-250
    • Villani, F.1    Spreafico, R.2    Farina, L.3
  • 31
    • 84893305163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar ataxia and epilepsy with anti-GAD antibodies: Treatment with IVIG and plasmapheresis
    • [Epub ahead of print], 24419643
    • Georgieva Z., Parton M. Cerebellar ataxia and epilepsy with anti-GAD antibodies: Treatment with IVIG and plasmapheresis. BMJ Case Rep 2014, [Epub ahead of print] PMID 24419643.
    • (2014) BMJ Case Rep
    • Georgieva, Z.1    Parton, M.2
  • 32
    • 39049142995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Hauser S.L., Waubant E., Arnold D.L., et al. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:676-688.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 676-688
    • Hauser, S.L.1    Waubant, E.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 33
    • 84872411868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: An observational cohort study
    • Titulaer M.J., McCracken L., Gabilondo I., et al. Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: An observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2013, 12:157-165.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 157-165
    • Titulaer, M.J.1    McCracken, L.2    Gabilondo, I.3
  • 34
    • 84886413734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A complex case of anti-GAD antibody-related syndrome treated with Rituximab
    • Baroncini D., Spagnolo F., Sarro L., et al. A complex case of anti-GAD antibody-related syndrome treated with Rituximab. Neurol Sci 2013, 34:1847-1849.
    • (2013) Neurol Sci , vol.34 , pp. 1847-1849
    • Baroncini, D.1    Spagnolo, F.2    Sarro, L.3
  • 35
    • 84900485636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term remission with rituximab in refractory leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis
    • Brown J.W., Martin P.J., Thorpe J.W., et al. Long-term remission with rituximab in refractory leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 2014, 271:66-68.
    • (2014) J Neuroimmunol , vol.271 , pp. 66-68
    • Brown, J.W.1    Martin, P.J.2    Thorpe, J.W.3
  • 36
    • 84881150406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: A study of 12 patients
    • Caraballo R.H., Reyes G., Avaria M.F., et al. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: A study of 12 patients. Seizure 2013, 22:553-559.
    • (2013) Seizure , vol.22 , pp. 553-559
    • Caraballo, R.H.1    Reyes, G.2    Avaria, M.F.3
  • 37
    • 84904514961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis
    • Miya K., Takahashi Y., Mori H. Anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis. Brain Dev 2014, 36:645-652.
    • (2014) Brain Dev , vol.36 , pp. 645-652
    • Miya, K.1    Takahashi, Y.2    Mori, H.3
  • 38
    • 84882296099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of anti-Caspr2 syndrome by interleukin 6 receptor blockade through tocilizumab
    • Krogias C., Hoepner R., Muller A., et al. Successful treatment of anti-Caspr2 syndrome by interleukin 6 receptor blockade through tocilizumab. JAMA Neurol 2013, 70:1056-1059.
    • (2013) JAMA Neurol , vol.70 , pp. 1056-1059
    • Krogias, C.1    Hoepner, R.2    Muller, A.3
  • 39
    • 0034005586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin ameliorates traumatic brain-injury-induced alterations of hippocampal synaptic plasticity
    • Albensi B.C., Sullivan P.G., Thompson M.B., et al. Cyclosporin ameliorates traumatic brain-injury-induced alterations of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Exp Neurol 2000, 162:385-389.
    • (2000) Exp Neurol , vol.162 , pp. 385-389
    • Albensi, B.C.1    Sullivan, P.G.2    Thompson, M.B.3
  • 40
    • 84867997189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunosuppressant cyclosporin A inhibits recurrent seizures in an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Jung S., Yang H., Kim B.S., et al. The immunosuppressant cyclosporin A inhibits recurrent seizures in an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Lett 2012, 529:133-138.
    • (2012) Neurosci Lett , vol.529 , pp. 133-138
    • Jung, S.1    Yang, H.2    Kim, B.S.3
  • 41
    • 0032913887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal outcome due to cyclosporine neurotoxicity with associated pathological findings
    • Gopal A.K., Thorning D.R., Back A.L. Fatal outcome due to cyclosporine neurotoxicity with associated pathological findings. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999, 23:191-193.
    • (1999) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.23 , pp. 191-193
    • Gopal, A.K.1    Thorning, D.R.2    Back, A.L.3
  • 42
    • 33750982433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of FK506 for experimental temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Nishimura T., Imai H., Minabe Y., et al. Beneficial effects of FK506 for experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Res 2006, 56:386-390.
    • (2006) Neurosci Res , vol.56 , pp. 386-390
    • Nishimura, T.1    Imai, H.2    Minabe, Y.3
  • 43
    • 0034881209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FK506 facilitates chemical kindling induced by pentylenetetrazole in rats
    • Suzuki K., Omura S., Ohashi Y., et al. FK506 facilitates chemical kindling induced by pentylenetetrazole in rats. Epilepsy Res 2001, 46:279-282.
    • (2001) Epilepsy Res , vol.46 , pp. 279-282
    • Suzuki, K.1    Omura, S.2    Ohashi, Y.3
  • 44
    • 84874701167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rasmussen encephalitis: Incidence and course under randomized therapy with tacrolimus or intravenous immunoglobulins
    • Bien C.G., Tiemeier H., Sassen R., et al. Rasmussen encephalitis: Incidence and course under randomized therapy with tacrolimus or intravenous immunoglobulins. Epilepsia 2013, 54:543-550.
    • (2013) Epilepsia , vol.54 , pp. 543-550
    • Bien, C.G.1    Tiemeier, H.2    Sassen, R.3
  • 45
    • 43249095163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide for anti-GAD antibody-positive refractory status epilepticus
    • Kanter I.C., Huttner H.B., Staykov D., et al. Cyclophosphamide for anti-GAD antibody-positive refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2008, 49:914-920.
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 914-920
    • Kanter, I.C.1    Huttner, H.B.2    Staykov, D.3
  • 46
    • 0028969137 scopus 로고
    • Immunologic aspects of vigabatrin treatment in epileptic children
    • Pacifici R., Zuccaro P., Iannetti P., et al. Immunologic aspects of vigabatrin treatment in epileptic children. Epilepsia 1995, 36:423-426.
    • (1995) Epilepsia , vol.36 , pp. 423-426
    • Pacifici, R.1    Zuccaro, P.2    Iannetti, P.3
  • 47
    • 0842286559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of topiramate on glucocorticoid receptor mediated action
    • Yehuda R., Yang R.K., Golier J.A., et al. Effect of topiramate on glucocorticoid receptor mediated action. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:433-439.
    • (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.29 , pp. 433-439
    • Yehuda, R.1    Yang, R.K.2    Golier, J.A.3
  • 48
    • 79955694311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic drugs and the immune system
    • Beghi E., Shorvon S. Antiepileptic drugs and the immune system. Epilepsia 2011, 52(suppl 3):40-44.
    • (2011) Epilepsia , vol.52 , pp. 40-44
    • Beghi, E.1    Shorvon, S.2
  • 49
    • 84878596510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune epilepsy in children: Case series and proposed guidelines for identification
    • Suleiman J., Brilot F., Lang B., et al. Autoimmune epilepsy in children: Case series and proposed guidelines for identification. Epilepsia 2013, 54:1036-1045.
    • (2013) Epilepsia , vol.54 , pp. 1036-1045
    • Suleiman, J.1    Brilot, F.2    Lang, B.3
  • 50
    • 84873750737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open study of pranlukast add-on therapy in intractable partial epilepsy
    • Takahashi Y., Imai K., Ikeda H., et al. Open study of pranlukast add-on therapy in intractable partial epilepsy. Brain Dev 2013, 35:236-244.
    • (2013) Brain Dev , vol.35 , pp. 236-244
    • Takahashi, Y.1    Imai, K.2    Ikeda, H.3
  • 51
    • 84902205429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of an immunotherapy trial in evaluating patients with presumed autoimmune epilepsy
    • Toledano M., Britton J.W., McKeon A., et al. Utility of an immunotherapy trial in evaluating patients with presumed autoimmune epilepsy. Neurology 2011, 82:1578-1688.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 1578-1688
    • Toledano, M.1    Britton, J.W.2    McKeon, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.