메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 596-608

Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: Challenges and unfulfilled expectations

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELL CULTURE; FLOWCHARTING; REGENERATIVE MEDICINE; STEM CELLS; TISSUE; TISSUE ENGINEERING;

EID: 84913543385     PISSN: 19373368     EISSN: 19373376     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0771     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (268)

References (147)
  • 1
    • 38149138096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part i
    • Helmick, C.G., Felson, D.T., Lawrence, R.C., Gabriel, S., Hirsch, R., Kwoh, C.K., et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part I. Arthritis Rheum 58, 15, 2008.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.58 , pp. 15
    • Helmick, C.G.1    Felson, D.T.2    Lawrence, R.C.3    Gabriel, S.4    Hirsch, R.5    Kwoh, C.K.6
  • 2
    • 31044436046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations
    • Hootman, J.M., and Helmick, C.G. Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations. Arthritis Rheum 54, 226, 2006.
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum , vol.54 , pp. 226
    • Hootman, J.M.1    Helmick, C.G.2
  • 3
    • 73349120943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered cartilage: Analysis of its ultrastructure, cell density and chondrocyte phenotype compared to native adult and fetal cartilage
    • Hillel, A.T., Taube, J.M., Cornish, T.C., Sharma, B., Halushka, M., McCarthy, E.F., et al. Characterization of human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered cartilage: analysis of its ultrastructure, cell density and chondrocyte phenotype compared to native adult and fetal cartilage. Cells Tissues Organs 191, 12, 2010.
    • (2010) Cells Tissues Organs , vol.191 , pp. 12
    • Hillel, A.T.1    Taube, J.M.2    Cornish, T.C.3    Sharma, B.4    Halushka, M.5    McCarthy, E.F.6
  • 4
    • 79951717953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal stem cells display different gene expression profiles compared to hyaline and elastic chondrocytes
    • Zhai, L.J., Zhao, K.Q., Wang, Z.Q., Feng, Y., and Xing, S.C. Mesenchymal stem cells display different gene expression profiles compared to hyaline and elastic chondrocytes. Int J Clin Exp Med 4, 81, 2011.
    • (2011) Int J Clin Exp Med , vol.4 , pp. 81
    • Zhai, L.J.1    Zhao, K.Q.2    Wang, Z.Q.3    Feng, Y.4    Xing, S.C.5
  • 5
    • 77952199886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recapitulation of endochondral bone formation using human adult mesenchymal stem cells as a paradigm for developmental engineering
    • Scotti, C., Tonnarelli, B., Papadimitropoulos, A., Scherberich, A., Schaeren, S., Schauerte, A., et al. Recapitulation of endochondral bone formation using human adult mesenchymal stem cells as a paradigm for developmental engineering. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107, 7251, 2010.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 7251
    • Scotti, C.1    Tonnarelli, B.2    Papadimitropoulos, A.3    Scherberich, A.4    Schaeren, S.5    Schauerte, A.6
  • 6
    • 0031817577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells
    • Johnstone, B., Hering, T.M., Caplan, A.I., Goldberg, V.M., and Yoo, J.U. In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Exp Cell Res 238, 265, 1998.
    • (1998) Exp Cell Res , vol.238 , pp. 265
    • Johnstone, B.1    Hering, T.M.2    Caplan, A.I.3    Goldberg, V.M.4    Yoo, J.U.5
  • 7
    • 0032751230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autologous mesenchymal progenitor cells in articular cartilage repair
    • Johnstone, B., and Yoo, J.U. Autologous mesenchymal progenitor cells in articular cartilage repair. Clin Orthop 367 Suppl, S156, 1999.
    • (1999) Clin Orthop , vol.367 , pp. S156
    • Johnstone, B.1    Yoo, J.U.2
  • 9
    • 0035882056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow: Differentiation-dependent gene expression of matrix components
    • Barry, F., Boynton, R.E., Liu, B., and Murphy, J.M. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow: differentiation-dependent gene expression of matrix components. Exp Cell Res 268, 189, 2001.
    • (2001) Exp Cell Res , vol.268 , pp. 189
    • Barry, F.1    Boynton, R.E.2    Liu, B.3    Murphy, J.M.4
  • 12
    • 20244384369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of cartilage degradation: A combined tissue engineering and gene therapy approach
    • Kafienah, W., Al-Fayez, F., Hollander, A.P., and Barker, M.D. Inhibition of cartilage degradation: a combined tissue engineering and gene therapy approach. Arthritis Rheum 48, 709, 2003.
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum , vol.48 , pp. 709
    • Kafienah, W.1    Al-Fayez, F.2    Hollander, A.P.3    Barker, M.D.4
  • 13
    • 0036772920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage: Comparison of adult nasal and articular chondrocytes
    • Kafienah, W., Jakob, M., Demarteau, O., Frazer, A., Barker, M.D., Martin, I., et al. Three-dimensional tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage: comparison of adult nasal and articular chondrocytes. Tissue Eng 8, 817, 2002.
    • (2002) Tissue Eng , vol.8 , pp. 817
    • Kafienah, W.1    Jakob, M.2    Demarteau, O.3    Frazer, A.4    Barker, M.D.5    Martin, I.6
  • 16
    • 22644447052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation of cell and matrix morphologies in articular cartilage among locations in the adult human knee
    • Quinn, T.M., Hunziker, E.B., and Hauselmann, H.J. Variation of cell and matrix morphologies in articular cartilage among locations in the adult human knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 13, 672, 2005.
    • (2005) Osteoarthritis Cartilage , vol.13 , pp. 672
    • Quinn, T.M.1    Hunziker, E.B.2    Hauselmann, H.J.3
  • 17
    • 70349954683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue engineering of articular cartilage with biomimetic zones
    • Klein, T.J., Malda, J., Sah, R.L., and Hutmacher, D.W. Tissue engineering of articular cartilage with biomimetic zones. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 15, 143, 2009.
    • (2009) Tissue Eng Part B Rev , vol.15 , pp. 143
    • Klein, T.J.1    Malda, J.2    Sah, R.L.3    Hutmacher, D.W.4
  • 18
    • 34547454347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of lubricin/superficial zone protein by transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein superfamily members in articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes
    • Niikura, T., and Reddi, A.H. Differential regulation of lubricin/superficial zone protein by transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein superfamily members in articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheum 56, 2312, 2007.
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum , vol.56 , pp. 2312
    • Niikura, T.1    Reddi, A.H.2
  • 19
    • 0024195329 scopus 로고
    • Differences between sub-populations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. II. Proteoglycan metabolism
    • Aydelotte, M.B., Greenhill, R.R., and Kuettner, K.E. Differences between sub-populations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. II. Proteoglycan metabolism. Connect Tissue Res 18, 223, 1988.
    • (1988) Connect Tissue Res , vol.18 , pp. 223
    • Aydelotte, M.B.1    Greenhill, R.R.2    Kuettner, K.E.3
  • 20
    • 33847074606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing zonal organization into tissue-engineered cartilage
    • Sharma, B., Williams, C.G., Kim, T.K., Sun, D., Malik, A., Khan, M., et al. Designing zonal organization into tissue-engineered cartilage. Tissue Eng 13, 405, 2007.
    • (2007) Tissue Eng , vol.13 , pp. 405
    • Sharma, B.1    Williams, C.G.2    Kim, T.K.3    Sun, D.4    Malik, A.5    Khan, M.6
  • 21
    • 79955021736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basic science of articular cartilage: Structure, composition, and function
    • Sophia Fox, A.J., Bedi, A., and Rodeo, S.A. The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function. Sports Health 1, 461, 2009.
    • (2009) Sports Health , vol.1 , pp. 461
    • Sophia Fox, A.J.1    Bedi, A.2    Rodeo, S.A.3
  • 22
    • 0037544387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of microfracture for traumatic chondral defects of the knee: Average 11-year follow-up
    • Steadman, J.R., Briggs, K.K., Rodrigo, J.J., Kocher, M.S., Gill, T.J., and Rodkey, W.G. Outcomes of microfracture for traumatic chondral defects of the knee: average 11-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 19, 477, 2003.
    • (2003) Arthroscopy , vol.19 , pp. 477
    • Steadman, J.R.1    Briggs, K.K.2    Rodrigo, J.J.3    Kocher, M.S.4    Gill, T.J.5    Rodkey, W.G.6
  • 23
    • 79959572220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyaline cartilage regeneration by combined therapy of microfracture and long-term bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery
    • Yang, H.S., La, W.G., Bhang, S.H., Kim, H.J., Im, G.I., Lee, H., et al. Hyaline cartilage regeneration by combined therapy of microfracture and long-term bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. Tissue Eng Part A 17, 1809, 2011.
    • (2011) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.17 , pp. 1809
    • Yang, H.S.1    La, W.G.2    Bhang, S.H.3    Kim, H.J.4    Im, G.I.5    Lee, H.6
  • 25
    • 0037007146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro cartilage formation by human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma defines the sequence of cellular and molecular events during chondrogenesis
    • Sekiya, I., Vuoristo, J.T., Larson, B.L., and Prockop, D.J. In vitro cartilage formation by human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma defines the sequence of cellular and molecular events during chondrogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 4397, 2002.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 4397
    • Sekiya, I.1    Vuoristo, J.T.2    Larson, B.L.3    Prockop, D.J.4
  • 27
    • 33750624837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of genes related to hypertrophy and osteogenesis in committed human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on novel nitrogen-rich plasma polymer coatings
    • Mwale, F., Girard-Lauriault, P.L., Wang, H.T., Lerouge, S., Antoniou, J., and Wertheimer, M.R. Suppression of genes related to hypertrophy and osteogenesis in committed human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on novel nitrogen-rich plasma polymer coatings. Tissue Eng 12, 2639, 2006.
    • (2006) Tissue Eng , vol.12 , pp. 2639
    • Mwale, F.1    Girard-Lauriault, P.L.2    Wang, H.T.3    Lerouge, S.4    Antoniou, J.5    Wertheimer, M.R.6
  • 28
    • 33746958820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitations of using aggrecan and type X collagen as markers of chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
    • Mwale, F., Stachura, D., Roughley, P., and Antoniou, J. Limitations of using aggrecan and type X collagen as markers of chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. J Orthop Res 24, 1791, 2006.
    • (2006) J Orthop Res , vol.24 , pp. 1791
    • Mwale, F.1    Stachura, D.2    Roughley, P.3    Antoniou, J.4
  • 29
    • 33750321974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature induction of hypertrophy during in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells correlates with calcification and vascular invasion after ectopic transplantation in SCID mice
    • Pelttari, K., Winter, A., Steck, E., Goetzke, K., Hennig, T., Ochs, B.G., et al. Premature induction of hypertrophy during in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells correlates with calcification and vascular invasion after ectopic transplantation in SCID mice. Arthritis Rheum 54, 3254, 2006.
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum , vol.54 , pp. 3254
    • Pelttari, K.1    Winter, A.2    Steck, E.3    Goetzke, K.4    Hennig, T.5    Ochs, B.G.6
  • 30
    • 43949115205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional characterization of hypertrophy in chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells
    • Mueller, M.B., and Tuan, R.S. Functional characterization of hypertrophy in chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Rheum 58, 1377, 2008.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.58 , pp. 1377
    • Mueller, M.B.1    Tuan, R.S.2
  • 31
    • 22544433139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detailed examination of cartilage formation and endochondral ossification using human mesenchymal stem cells
    • Ichinose, S., Yamagata, K., Sekiya, I., Muneta, T., and Tagami, M. Detailed examination of cartilage formation and endochondral ossification using human mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 32, 561, 2005.
    • (2005) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.32 , pp. 561
    • Ichinose, S.1    Yamagata, K.2    Sekiya, I.3    Muneta, T.4    Tagami, M.5
  • 32
    • 75749116750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of growth factors and PTHrP on early and late chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
    • Weiss, S., Hennig, T., Bock, R., Steck, E., and Richter, W. Impact of growth factors and PTHrP on early and late chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 223, 84, 2010.
    • (2010) J Cell Physiol , vol.223 , pp. 84
    • Weiss, S.1    Hennig, T.2    Bock, R.3    Steck, E.4    Richter, W.5
  • 33
    • 0037331189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cartilage-like gene expression in differentiated human stem cell spheroids: A comparison of bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells
    • Winter, A., Breit, S., Parsch, D., Benz, K., Steck, E., Hauner, H., et al. Cartilage-like gene expression in differentiated human stem cell spheroids: a comparison of bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Arthritis Rheum 48, 418, 2003.
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum , vol.48 , pp. 418
    • Winter, A.1    Breit, S.2    Parsch, D.3    Benz, K.4    Steck, E.5    Hauner, H.6
  • 34
    • 84874000449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage calcification in a full-depth articular cartilage explants model
    • Chen-An, P., Andreassen, K.V., Henriksen, K., Karsdal, M.A., and Bay-Jensen, A.C. Investigation of chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage calcification in a full-depth articular cartilage explants model. Rheumatol Int 33, 401, 2013.
    • (2013) Rheumatol Int , vol.33 , pp. 401
    • Chen-An, P.1    Andreassen, K.V.2    Henriksen, K.3    Karsdal, M.A.4    Bay-Jensen, A.C.5
  • 35
    • 42949166679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endochondral ossification signals in cartilage degradation during osteoarthritis progression in experimental mouse models
    • Kawaguchi, H. Endochondral ossification signals in cartilage degradation during osteoarthritis progression in experimental mouse models. Mol Cells 25, 1, 2008.
    • (2008) Mol Cells , vol.25 , pp. 1
    • Kawaguchi, H.1
  • 36
    • 0033840216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrocyte differentiation in human osteoarthritis: Expression of osteocalcin in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage and bone
    • Pullig, O., Weseloh, G., Ronneberger, D., Kakonen, S., and Swoboda, B. Chondrocyte differentiation in human osteoarthritis: expression of osteocalcin in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage and bone. Calcif Tissue Int 67, 230, 2000.
    • (2000) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.67 , pp. 230
    • Pullig, O.1    Weseloh, G.2    Ronneberger, D.3    Kakonen, S.4    Swoboda, B.5
  • 37
    • 77953408273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular senescence is a common characteristic shared by preneoplasic and osteo-Arthritic tissue
    • Brondello, J.M., Philipot, D., Djouad, F., Jorgensen, C., and Noel, D. Cellular senescence is a common characteristic shared by preneoplasic and osteo-Arthritic tissue. Open Rheumatol J 4, 10, 2010.
    • (2010) Open Rheumatol J , vol.4 , pp. 10
    • Brondello, J.M.1    Philipot, D.2    Djouad, F.3    Jorgensen, C.4    Noel, D.5
  • 38
    • 70349201370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in an experimental cartilage defect: Restriction of hypertrophy to bone-close neocartilage
    • Steck, E., Fischer, J., Lorenz, H., Gotterbarm, T., Jung, M., and Richter, W. Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in an experimental cartilage defect: restriction of hypertrophy to bone-close neocartilage. Stem Cells Dev 18, 969, 2009.
    • (2009) Stem Cells Dev , vol.18 , pp. 969
    • Steck, E.1    Fischer, J.2    Lorenz, H.3    Gotterbarm, T.4    Jung, M.5    Richter, W.6
  • 39
    • 0030727351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of a truncated, kinase-defective TGF-beta type II receptor in mouse skeletal tissue promotes terminal chondrocyte differentiation and osteoarthritis
    • Serra, R., Johnson, M., Filvaroff, E.H., LaBorde, J., Sheehan, D.M., Derynck, R., et al. Expression of a truncated, kinase-defective TGF-beta type II receptor in mouse skeletal tissue promotes terminal chondrocyte differentiation and osteoarthritis. J Cell Biol 139, 541, 1997.
    • (1997) J Cell Biol , vol.139 , pp. 541
    • Serra, R.1    Johnson, M.2    Filvaroff, E.H.3    Laborde, J.4    Sheehan, D.M.5    Derynck, R.6
  • 40
    • 0024314577 scopus 로고
    • The biology of osteoarthritis
    • Hamerman, D. The biology of osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med 320, 1322, 1989.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 1322
    • Hamerman, D.1
  • 41
    • 0036225281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaching a genetic and molecular understanding of skeletal development
    • Karsenty, G., and Wagner, E.F. Reaching a genetic and molecular understanding of skeletal development. Dev Cell 2, 389, 2002.
    • (2002) Dev Cell , vol.2 , pp. 389
    • Karsenty, G.1    Wagner, E.F.2
  • 42
    • 0037376627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture healing as a post-natal developmental process: Molecular, spatial, and temporal aspects of its regulation
    • Gerstenfeld, L.C., Cullinane, D.M., Barnes, G.L., Graves, D.T., and Einhorn, T.A. Fracture healing as a post-natal developmental process: molecular, spatial, and temporal aspects of its regulation. J Cell Biochem 88, 873, 2003.
    • (2003) J Cell Biochem , vol.88 , pp. 873
    • Gerstenfeld, L.C.1    Cullinane, D.M.2    Barnes, G.L.3    Graves, D.T.4    Einhorn, T.A.5
  • 43
    • 78650040731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrogenesis and mineralization during in vitro culture of human mesenchymal stem cells on three-dimensional woven scaffolds
    • Abrahamsson, C.K., Yang, F., Park, H., Brunger, J.M., Valonen, P.K., Langer, R., et al. Chondrogenesis and mineralization during in vitro culture of human mesenchymal stem cells on three-dimensional woven scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 16, 3709, 2010.
    • (2010) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.16 , pp. 3709
    • Abrahamsson, C.K.1    Yang, F.2    Park, H.3    Brunger, J.M.4    Valonen, P.K.5    Langer, R.6
  • 45
    • 34548370677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble signalling factors derived from differentiated cartilage tissue affect chondrogenic differentiation of rat adult marrow stromal cells
    • Ahmed, N., Dreier, R., Gopferich, A., Grifka, J., and Grassel, S. Soluble signalling factors derived from differentiated cartilage tissue affect chondrogenic differentiation of rat adult marrow stromal cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 20, 665, 2007.
    • (2007) Cell Physiol Biochem , vol.20 , pp. 665
    • Ahmed, N.1    Dreier, R.2    Gopferich, A.3    Grifka, J.4    Grassel, S.5
  • 46
    • 78651428476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromass co-culture of human articular chondrocytes and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to investigate stable neocartilage tissue formation in vitro
    • Giovannini, S., Diaz-Romero, J., Aigner, T., Heini, P., Mainil-Varlet, P., and Nesic, D. Micromass co-culture of human articular chondrocytes and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to investigate stable neocartilage tissue formation in vitro. Eur Cells Mater 20, 245, 2010.
    • (2010) Eur Cells Mater , vol.20 , pp. 245
    • Giovannini, S.1    Diaz-Romero, J.2    Aigner, T.3    Heini, P.4    Mainil-Varlet, P.5    Nesic, D.6
  • 48
    • 0027209267 scopus 로고
    • TGF-beta 1 prevents hypertrophy of epiphyseal chondrocytes: Regulation of gene expression for cartilage matrix proteins and metalloproteases
    • Ballock, R.T., Heydemann, A., Wakefield, L.M., Flanders, K.C., Roberts, A.B., and Sporn, M.B. TGF-beta 1 prevents hypertrophy of epiphyseal chondrocytes: regulation of gene expression for cartilage matrix proteins and metalloproteases. Dev Biol 158, 414, 1993.
    • (1993) Dev Biol , vol.158 , pp. 414
    • Ballock, R.T.1    Heydemann, A.2    Wakefield, L.M.3    Flanders, K.C.4    Roberts, A.B.5    Sporn, M.B.6
  • 49
    • 84861847853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparison of equine articular cartilage progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells as potential cell sources for cartilage repair in the horse
    • McCarthy, H.E., Bara, J.J., Brakspear, K., Singhrao, S.K., and Archer, C.W. The comparison of equine articular cartilage progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells as potential cell sources for cartilage repair in the horse. Vet J 192, 345, 2012.
    • (2012) Vet J , vol.192 , pp. 345
    • McCarthy, H.E.1    Bara, J.J.2    Brakspear, K.3    Singhrao, S.K.4    Archer, C.W.5
  • 50
    • 84878741608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their potential clinical applications for bone regeneration in pediatric orthopaedics
    • Giuliani, N., Lisignoli, G., Magnani, M., Racano, C., Bolzoni, M., Dalla Palma, B., et al. New insights into osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their potential clinical applications for bone regeneration in pediatric orthopaedics. Stem Cells Int 2013, 312501, 2013.
    • (2013) Stem Cells Int , vol.2013 , pp. 312501
    • Giuliani, N.1    Lisignoli, G.2    Magnani, M.3    Racano, C.4    Bolzoni, M.5    Dalla Palma, B.6
  • 51
    • 0023319488 scopus 로고
    • Bone development and repair
    • Caplan, A.I. Bone development and repair. Bioessays 6, 171, 1987.
    • (1987) Bioessays , vol.6 , pp. 171
    • Caplan, A.I.1
  • 53
    • 15544381999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of intervertebral disc-like cells from adult mesenchymal stem cells
    • Steck, E., Bertram, H., Abel, R., Chen, B., Winter, A., and Richter, W. Induction of intervertebral disc-like cells from adult mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 23, 403, 2005.
    • (2005) Stem Cells , vol.23 , pp. 403
    • Steck, E.1    Bertram, H.2    Abel, R.3    Chen, B.4    Winter, A.5    Richter, W.6
  • 54
    • 9344222791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autologous bone marrow stromal cell transplantation for repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in human patellae: Two case reports
    • Wakitani, S., Mitsuoka, T., Nakamura, N., Toritsuka, Y., Nakamura, Y., and Horibe, S. Autologous bone marrow stromal cell transplantation for repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in human patellae: two case reports. Cell Transplant 13, 595, 2004.
    • (2004) Cell Transplant , vol.13 , pp. 595
    • Wakitani, S.1    Mitsuoka, T.2    Nakamura, N.3    Toritsuka, Y.4    Nakamura, Y.5    Horibe, S.6
  • 55
    • 84896282175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult human mesenchymal stem cells delivered via intra-Articular injection to the knee following partial medial meniscectomy: A randomized, double-blind, controlled study
    • Vangsness, C.T., Jr., Farr, J., 2nd, Boyd, J., Dellaero, D.T., Mills, C.R., and Leroux-Williams, M. Adult human mesenchymal stem cells delivered via intra-Articular injection to the knee following partial medial meniscectomy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 96, 90, 2014.
    • (2014) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.96 , pp. 90
    • Vangsness, C.T.1    Farr, I.I.J.2    Boyd, J.3    Dellaero, D.T.4    Mills, C.R.5    Leroux-Williams, M.6
  • 56
    • 23044509993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal stem cells: Future source for reparative medicine
    • quiz 2-3
    • Bhatia, R., and Hare, J.M. Mesenchymal stem cells: future source for reparative medicine. Congest Heart Failure 11, 87, quiz 2-3, 2005.
    • (2005) Congest Heart Failure , vol.11 , pp. 87
    • Bhatia, R.1    Hare, J.M.2
  • 57
    • 77958467862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression by mesenchymal stem cells: Mechanisms and clinical applications
    • Ghannam, S., Bouffi, C., Djouad, F., Jorgensen, C., and Noel, D. Immunosuppression by mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms and clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 1, 2, 2010.
    • (2010) Stem Cell Res Ther , vol.1 , pp. 2
    • Ghannam, S.1    Bouffi, C.2    Djouad, F.3    Jorgensen, C.4    Noel, D.5
  • 58
    • 0017119380 scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs
    • Friedenstein, A.J., Gorskaja, J.F., and Kulagina, N.N. Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs. Exp Hematol 4, 267, 1976.
    • (1976) Exp Hematol , vol.4 , pp. 267
    • Friedenstein, A.J.1    Gorskaja, J.F.2    Kulagina, N.N.3
  • 59
    • 84855259631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of adult mesenchymal stem cells applicable for musculoskeletal applications-A systematic review of the literature
    • Mafi, R., Hindocha, S., Mafi, P., Griffin, M., and Khan, W.S. Sources of adult mesenchymal stem cells applicable for musculoskeletal applications-A systematic review of the literature. Open Orthop J 5 Suppl 2, 242, 2011.
    • (2011) Open Orthop J 5 , vol.2 , pp. 242
    • Mafi, R.1    Hindocha, S.2    Mafi, P.3    Griffin, M.4    Khan, W.S.5
  • 60
    • 78049317724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrogenic potential of subpopulations of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers derived from human synovial membranes
    • Arufe, M.C., De la Fuente, A., Fuentes, I., de Toro, F.J., and Blanco, F.J. Chondrogenic potential of subpopulations of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers derived from human synovial membranes. J Cell Biochem 111, 834, 2010.
    • (2010) J Cell Biochem , vol.111 , pp. 834
    • Arufe, M.C.1    De La Fuente, A.2    Fuentes, I.3    De Toro, F.J.4    Blanco, F.J.5
  • 61
    • 0025027290 scopus 로고
    • In vivo osteochondrogenic potential of cultured cells derived from the periosteum
    • Nakahara, H., Bruder, S.P., Goldberg, V.M., and Caplan, A.I. In vivo osteochondrogenic potential of cultured cells derived from the periosteum. Clin Orthop Relat Res 259, 223, 1990.
    • (1990) Clin Orthop Relat Res , vol.259 , pp. 223
    • Nakahara, H.1    Bruder, S.P.2    Goldberg, V.M.3    Caplan, A.I.4
  • 62
    • 84869090545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell sources for the regeneration of articular cartilage: The past, the horizon and the future
    • Oldershaw, R.A. Cell sources for the regeneration of articular cartilage: the past, the horizon and the future. Int J Exp Pathol 93, 389, 2012.
    • (2012) Int J Exp Pathol , vol.93 , pp. 389
    • Oldershaw, R.A.1
  • 63
    • 23644456193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of human stem cells derived from various mesenchymal tissues: Superiority of synovium as a cell source
    • Sakaguchi, Y., Sekiya, I., Yagishita, K., and Muneta, T. Comparison of human stem cells derived from various mesenchymal tissues: superiority of synovium as a cell source. Arthritis Rheum 52, 2521, 2005.
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum , vol.52 , pp. 2521
    • Sakaguchi, Y.1    Sekiya, I.2    Yagishita, K.3    Muneta, T.4
  • 64
    • 30044432059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro chondrogenesis of human synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Optimal condition and comparison with bone marrow-derived cells
    • Shirasawa, S., Sekiya, I., Sakaguchi, Y., Yagishita, K., Ichinose, S., and Muneta, T. In vitro chondrogenesis of human synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells: optimal condition and comparison with bone marrow-derived cells. J Cell Biochem 97, 84, 2006.
    • (2006) J Cell Biochem , vol.97 , pp. 84
    • Shirasawa, S.1    Sekiya, I.2    Sakaguchi, Y.3    Yagishita, K.4    Ichinose, S.5    Muneta, T.6
  • 66
    • 84866239471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Same or not the same? Comparison of adipose tissue-derived versus bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and stromal cells
    • Strioga, M., Viswanathan, S., Darinskas, A., Slaby, O., and Michalek, J. Same or not the same? Comparison of adipose tissue-derived versus bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and stromal cells. Stem Cells Dev 21, 2724, 2012.
    • (2012) Stem Cells Dev , vol.21 , pp. 2724
    • Strioga, M.1    Viswanathan, S.2    Darinskas, A.3    Slaby, O.4    Michalek, J.5
  • 68
    • 4344645792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells, a unique population of postnatal young and old human cells with extensive expansion and differentiation potential
    • D'Ippolito, G., Diabira, S., Howard, G.A., Menei, P., Roos, B.A., and Schiller, P.C. Marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells, a unique population of postnatal young and old human cells with extensive expansion and differentiation potential. J Cell Sci 117, 2971, 2004.
    • (2004) J Cell Sci , vol.117 , pp. 2971
    • D'Ippolito, G.1    Diabira, S.2    Howard, G.A.3    Menei, P.4    Roos, B.A.5    Schiller, P.C.6
  • 69
    • 79959794217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Tips and tricks
    • Solchaga, L.A., Penick, K.J., and Welter, J.F. Chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: tips and tricks. Methods Mol Biol 698, 253, 2011.
    • (2011) Methods Mol Biol , vol.698 , pp. 253
    • Solchaga, L.A.1    Penick, K.J.2    Welter, J.F.3
  • 71
    • 77049109926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrogenesis of adult stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow: Induction by growth factors and cartilage-derived matrix
    • Diekman, B.O., Rowland, C.R., Lennon, D.P., Caplan, A.I., and Guilak, F. Chondrogenesis of adult stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow: induction by growth factors and cartilage-derived matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 16, 523, 2010.
    • (2010) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.16 , pp. 523
    • Diekman, B.O.1    Rowland, C.R.2    Lennon, D.P.3    Caplan, A.I.4    Guilak, F.5
  • 72
    • 84880689433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF-2 addition during expansion of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells alters MSC surface marker distribution and chondrogenic differentiation potential
    • Hagmann, S., Moradi, B., Frank, S., Dreher, T., Kammerer, P.W., Richter, W., et al. FGF-2 addition during expansion of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells alters MSC surface marker distribution and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Cell Prolif 46, 396, 2013.
    • (2013) Cell Prolif , vol.46 , pp. 396
    • Hagmann, S.1    Moradi, B.2    Frank, S.3    Dreher, T.4    Kammerer, P.W.5    Richter, W.6
  • 73
    • 77649243276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor-2 enhances proliferation and delays loss of chondrogenic potential in human adult bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    • Solchaga, L.A., Penick, K., Goldberg, V.M., Caplan, A.I., and Welter, J.F. Fibroblast growth factor-2 enhances proliferation and delays loss of chondrogenic potential in human adult bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 16, 1009, 2010.
    • (2010) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.16 , pp. 1009
    • Solchaga, L.A.1    Penick, K.2    Goldberg, V.M.3    Caplan, A.I.4    Welter, J.F.5
  • 74
    • 16344377055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF-2 enhances the mitotic and chondrogenic potentials of human adult bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells
    • Solchaga, L.A., Penick, K., Porter, J.D., Goldberg, V.M., Caplan, A.I., and Welter, J.F. FGF-2 enhances the mitotic and chondrogenic potentials of human adult bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 203, 398, 2005.
    • (2005) J Cell Physiol , vol.203 , pp. 398
    • Solchaga, L.A.1    Penick, K.2    Porter, J.D.3    Goldberg, V.M.4    Caplan, A.I.5    Welter, J.F.6
  • 75
    • 77955714347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells: A comparison between micromass and pellet culture systems
    • Zhang, L., Su, P., Xu, C., Yang, J., Yu, W., and Huang, D. Chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells: a comparison between micromass and pellet culture systems. Biotechnol Lett 32, 1339, 2010.
    • (2010) Biotechnol Lett , vol.32 , pp. 1339
    • Zhang, L.1    Su, P.2    Xu, C.3    Yang, J.4    Yu, W.5    Huang, D.6
  • 76
    • 71849086405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental engineering: A new paradigm for the design and manufacturing of cell-based products. Part I: From threedimensional cell growth to biomimetics of in vivo development
    • Lenas, P., Moos, M., and Luyten, F.P. Developmental engineering: a new paradigm for the design and manufacturing of cell-based products. Part I: from threedimensional cell growth to biomimetics of in vivo development. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 15, 381, 2009.
    • (2009) Tissue Eng Part B Rev , vol.15 , pp. 381
    • Lenas, P.1    Moos, M.2    Luyten, F.P.3
  • 77
    • 0036638042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative structural organization of normal adult human articular cartilage
    • Hunziker, E.B., Quinn, T.M., and Haüselmann, H.J. Quantitative structural organization of normal adult human articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 10, 564, 2002.
    • (2002) Osteoarthritis Cartilage , vol.10 , pp. 564
    • Hunziker, E.B.1    Quinn, T.M.2    Haüselmann, H.J.3
  • 78
    • 0042887458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental model for cartilage tissue engineering to regenerate the zonal organization of articular cartilage
    • Kim, T.K., Sharma, B., Williams, C.G., Ruffner, M.A., Malik, A., McFarland, E.G., et al. Experimental model for cartilage tissue engineering to regenerate the zonal organization of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 11, 653, 2003.
    • (2003) Osteoarthritis Cartilage , vol.11 , pp. 653
    • Kim, T.K.1    Sharma, B.2    Williams, C.G.3    Ruffner, M.A.4    Malik, A.5    McFarland, E.G.6
  • 80
    • 84859504479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of superficial zone protein (SZP)/lubricin/PRG 4 in muscle-derived mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells by transforming growth factor-beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein-7
    • Andrades, J.A., Motaung, S.C., Jimenez-Palomo, P., Claros, S., Lopez-Puerta, J.M., Becerra, J., et al. Induction of superficial zone protein (SZP)/lubricin/PRG 4 in muscle-derived mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells by transforming growth factor-beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein-7. Arthritis Res Ther 14, R72, 2012.
    • (2012) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.14 , pp. R72
    • Andrades, J.A.1    Motaung, S.C.2    Jimenez-Palomo, P.3    Claros, S.4    Lopez-Puerta, J.M.5    Becerra, J.6
  • 81
    • 52049101630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of chondrogenesis and expression of superficial zone protein (SZP)/lubricin by mesenchymal progenitors in the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee joint treated with TGF-beta1 and BMP-7
    • Lee, S.Y., Nakagawa, T., and Reddi, A.H. Induction of chondrogenesis and expression of superficial zone protein (SZP)/lubricin by mesenchymal progenitors in the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee joint treated with TGF-beta1 and BMP-7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 376, 148, 2008.
    • (2008) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.376 , pp. 148
    • Lee, S.Y.1    Nakagawa, T.2    Reddi, A.H.3
  • 82
    • 77049096803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from synovium and infrapatellar fat pad as a source for superficial zone cartilage tissue engineering: Analysis of superficial zone protein/lubricin expression
    • Lee, S.Y., Nakagawa, T., and Reddi, A.H. Mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from synovium and infrapatellar fat pad as a source for superficial zone cartilage tissue engineering: analysis of superficial zone protein/lubricin expression. Tissue Eng Part A 16, 317, 2010.
    • (2010) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.16 , pp. 317
    • Lee, S.Y.1    Nakagawa, T.2    Reddi, A.H.3
  • 83
    • 51449105900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interface of functional biotribology and regenerative medicine in synovial joints
    • Neu, C.P., Komvopoulos, K., and Reddi, A.H. The interface of functional biotribology and regenerative medicine in synovial joints. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 14, 235, 2008.
    • (2008) Tissue Eng Part B Rev , vol.14 , pp. 235
    • Neu, C.P.1    Komvopoulos, K.2    Reddi, A.H.3
  • 84
    • 0034838821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced cartilage tissue engineering by sequential exposure of chondrocytes to FGF-2 during 2D expansion and BMP-2 during 3D cultivation
    • Martin, I., Suetterlin, R., Baschong, W., Heberer, M., Vunjak-Novakovic, G., and Freed, L.E. Enhanced cartilage tissue engineering by sequential exposure of chondrocytes to FGF-2 during 2D expansion and BMP-2 during 3D cultivation. J Cell Biochem 83, 121, 2001.
    • (2001) J Cell Biochem , vol.83 , pp. 121
    • Martin, I.1    Suetterlin, R.2    Baschong, W.3    Heberer, M.4    Vunjak-Novakovic, G.5    Freed, L.E.6
  • 85
    • 0034927587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrocytic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells sequentially exposed to transforming growth factor-beta1 in monolayer and insulin-like growth factor-I in a three-dimensional matrix
    • Worster, A.A., Brower-Toland, B.D., Fortier, L.A., Bent, S.J., Williams, J., and Nixon, A.J. Chondrocytic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells sequentially exposed to transforming growth factor-beta1 in monolayer and insulin-like growth factor-I in a three-dimensional matrix. J Orthop Res 19, 738, 2001.
    • (2001) J Orthop Res , vol.19 , pp. 738
    • Worster, A.A.1    Brower-Toland, B.D.2    Fortier, L.A.3    Bent, S.J.4    Williams, J.5    Nixon, A.J.6
  • 86
    • 79955944297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD146 expression on primary nonhematopoietic bone marrow stem cells is correlated with in situ localization
    • Tormin, A., Li, O., Brune, J.C., Walsh, S., Schutz, B., Ehinger, M., et al. CD146 expression on primary nonhematopoietic bone marrow stem cells is correlated with in situ localization. Blood 117, 5067, 2011.
    • (2011) Blood , vol.117 , pp. 5067
    • Tormin, A.1    Li, O.2    Brune, J.C.3    Walsh, S.4    Schutz, B.5    Ehinger, M.6
  • 87
    • 84856506096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The composition of the mesenchymal stromal cell compartment in human bone marrow changes during development and aging
    • Maijenburg, M.W., Kleijer, M., Vermeul, K., Mul, E.P., van Alphen, F.P., van der Schoot, C.E., et al. The composition of the mesenchymal stromal cell compartment in human bone marrow changes during development and aging. Haematologica 97, 179, 2012.
    • (2012) Haematologica , vol.97 , pp. 179
    • Maijenburg, M.W.1    Kleijer, M.2    Vermeul, K.3    Mul, E.P.4    Van Alphen, F.P.5    Van Der Schoot, C.E.6
  • 88
    • 84873038745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of medium supplements on proliferation, differentiation potential, and in vitro expansion of mesenchymal stem cells
    • Gharibi, B., and Hughes, F.J. Effects of medium supplements on proliferation, differentiation potential, and in vitro expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 771, 2012.
    • (2012) Stem Cells Transl Med , vol.1 , pp. 771
    • Gharibi, B.1    Hughes, F.J.2
  • 89
    • 78751702822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct stem cells subpopulations isolated from human adipose tissue exhibit different chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential
    • Rada, T., Reis, R.L., and Gomes, M.E. Distinct stem cells subpopulations isolated from human adipose tissue exhibit different chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Stem Cell Rev 7, 64, 2011.
    • (2011) Stem Cell Rev , vol.7 , pp. 64
    • Rada, T.1    Reis, R.L.2    Gomes, M.E.3
  • 90
    • 84879600086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic superiority for cartilage repair by CD271-positive marrow stromal cell transplantation
    • Mifune, Y., Matsumoto, T., Murasawa, S., Kawamoto, A., Kuroda, R., Shoji, T., et al. Therapeutic superiority for cartilage repair by CD271-positive marrow stromal cell transplantation. Cell Transplant 22, 1201, 2013.
    • (2013) Cell Transplant , vol.22 , pp. 1201
    • Mifune, Y.1    Matsumoto, T.2    Murasawa, S.3    Kawamoto, A.4    Kuroda, R.5    Shoji, T.6
  • 91
    • 80054963754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and mesenchymal stromal cells chondrogenesis in coculture pellets mediate improved cartilage formation
    • Acharya, C., Adesida, A., Zajac, P., Mumme, M., Riesle, J., Martin, I., et al. Enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and mesenchymal stromal cells chondrogenesis in coculture pellets mediate improved cartilage formation. J Cell Physiol 227, 88, 2012.
    • (2012) J Cell Physiol , vol.227 , pp. 88
    • Acharya, C.1    Adesida, A.2    Zajac, P.3    Mumme, M.4    Riesle, J.5    Martin, I.6
  • 92
    • 79955016688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic effects of mesenchymal stem cells increase chondrocyte proliferation and matrix formation
    • Wu, L., Leijten, J.C., Georgi, N., Post, J.N., van Blitterswijk, C.A., and Karperien, M. Trophic effects of mesenchymal stem cells increase chondrocyte proliferation and matrix formation. Tissue Eng Part A 17, 1425, 2011.
    • (2011) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.17 , pp. 1425
    • Wu, L.1    Leijten, J.C.2    Georgi, N.3    Post, J.N.4    Van Blitterswijk, C.A.5    Karperien, M.6
  • 93
    • 79955407347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-culture of chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro enhances the expression of cartilaginous extracellular matrix components
    • Qing, C., Wei-ding, C., and Wei-min, F. Co-culture of chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro enhances the expression of cartilaginous extracellular matrix components. Braz J Med Biol Res 44, 303, 2011.
    • (2011) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.44 , pp. 303
    • Qing, C.1    Wei-Ding, C.2    Wei-Min, F.3
  • 94
    • 77049089035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteoglycan and collagen accumulation by passaged chondrocytes can be enhanced through side-byside culture with primary chondrocytes
    • Taylor, D.W., Ahmed, N., Gan, L., Gross, A.E., and Kandel, R.A. Proteoglycan and collagen accumulation by passaged chondrocytes can be enhanced through side-byside culture with primary chondrocytes. Tissue Eng Part A 16, 643, 2010.
    • (2010) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.16 , pp. 643
    • Taylor, D.W.1    Ahmed, N.2    Gan, L.3    Gross, A.E.4    Kandel, R.A.5
  • 95
    • 34347404303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphogenetic signals from chondrocytes promote chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
    • Hwang, N.S., Varghese, S., Puleo, C., Zhang, Z., and Elisseeff, J. Morphogenetic signals from chondrocytes promote chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 212, 281, 2007.
    • (2007) J Cell Physiol , vol.212 , pp. 281
    • Hwang, N.S.1    Varghese, S.2    Puleo, C.3    Zhang, Z.4    Elisseeff, J.5
  • 96
    • 79952977835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coculture of human mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes reduces hypertrophy and enhances functional properties of engineered cartilage
    • Bian, L., Zhai, D.Y., Mauck, R.L., and Burdick, J.A. Coculture of human mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes reduces hypertrophy and enhances functional properties of engineered cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 17, 1137, 2011.
    • (2011) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.17 , pp. 1137
    • Bian, L.1    Zhai, D.Y.2    Mauck, R.L.3    Burdick, J.A.4
  • 97
    • 77956367233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human articular chondrocytes secrete parathyroid hormonerelated protein and inhibit hypertrophy of mesenchymal stem cells in coculture during chondrogenesis
    • Fischer, J., Dickhut, A., Rickert, M., and Richter, W. Human articular chondrocytes secrete parathyroid hormonerelated protein and inhibit hypertrophy of mesenchymal stem cells in coculture during chondrogenesis. Arthritis Rheum 62, 2696, 2010.
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum , vol.62 , pp. 2696
    • Fischer, J.1    Dickhut, A.2    Rickert, M.3    Richter, W.4
  • 99
    • 34248144804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of superficial zone articular chondrocyte stem/progenitor cells
    • Hattori, S., Oxford, C., and Reddi, A.H. Identification of superficial zone articular chondrocyte stem/progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 358, 99, 2007.
    • (2007) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.358 , pp. 99
    • Hattori, S.1    Oxford, C.2    Reddi, A.H.3
  • 100
    • 38949178742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular origin of neocartilage formed at wound edges of articular cartilage in a tissue culture experiment
    • Bos, P.K., Kops, N., Verhaar, J.A., and van Osch, G.J. Cellular origin of neocartilage formed at wound edges of articular cartilage in a tissue culture experiment. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16, 204, 2008.
    • (2008) Osteoarthritis Cartilage , vol.16 , pp. 204
    • Bos, P.K.1    Kops, N.2    Verhaar, J.A.3    Van Osch, G.J.4
  • 101
    • 78149418660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and clonal characterisation of a progenitor cell sub-population in normal human articular cartilage
    • Williams, R., Khan, I.M., Richardson, K., Nelson, L., McCarthy, H.E., Analbelsi, T., et al. Identification and clonal characterisation of a progenitor cell sub-population in normal human articular cartilage. PLoS One 5, e13246, 2010.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5 , pp. e13246
    • Williams, R.1    Khan, I.M.2    Richardson, K.3    Nelson, L.4    McCarthy, H.E.5    Analbelsi, T.6
  • 102
    • 31644434203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgene-Activated mesenchymal cells for articular cartilage repair: A comparison of primary bone marrow-, perichondrium/periosteum-And fat-derived cells
    • Park, J., Gelse, K., Frank, S., von der Mark, K., Aigner, T., and Schneider, H. Transgene-Activated mesenchymal cells for articular cartilage repair: a comparison of primary bone marrow-, perichondrium/periosteum-And fat-derived cells. J Gene Med 8, 112, 2006.
    • (2006) J Gene Med , vol.8 , pp. 112
    • Park, J.1    Gelse, K.2    Frank, S.3    Von Der Mark, K.4    Aigner, T.5    Schneider, H.6
  • 103
    • 0031277776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondrogenic phenotype of perichondrium-derived chondroprogenitor cells is influenced by transforming growth factor-beta 1
    • Dounchis, J.S., Goomer, R.S., Harwood, F.L., Khatod, M., Coutts, R.D., and Amiel, D. Chondrogenic phenotype of perichondrium-derived chondroprogenitor cells is influenced by transforming growth factor-beta 1. J Orthop Res 15, 803, 1997.
    • (1997) J Orthop Res , vol.15 , pp. 803
    • Dounchis, J.S.1    Goomer, R.S.2    Harwood, F.L.3    Khatod, M.4    Coutts, R.D.5    Amiel, D.6
  • 104
    • 0034881402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane
    • De Bari, C., Dell'Accio, F., Tylzanowski, P., and Luyten, F.P. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane. Arthritis Rheum 44, 1928, 2001.
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum , vol.44 , pp. 1928
    • De Bari, C.1    Dell'Accio, F.2    Tylzanowski, P.3    Luyten, F.P.4
  • 105
    • 69249220264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a stem cell niche in the zone of Ranvier within the knee joint
    • Karlsson, C., Thornemo, M., Henriksson, H.B., and Lindahl, A. Identification of a stem cell niche in the zone of Ranvier within the knee joint. J Anat 215, 355, 2009.
    • (2009) J Anat , vol.215 , pp. 355
    • Karlsson, C.1    Thornemo, M.2    Henriksson, H.B.3    Lindahl, A.4
  • 106
    • 35548983084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative assessment of cartilage and joint fat pad as a potential source of cells for autologous therapy development in knee osteoarthritis
    • English, A., Jones, E.A., Corscadden, D., Henshaw, K., Chapman, T., Emery, P., et al. A comparative assessment of cartilage and joint fat pad as a potential source of cells for autologous therapy development in knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46, 1676, 2007.
    • (2007) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.46 , pp. 1676
    • English, A.1    Jones, E.A.2    Corscadden, D.3    Henshaw, K.4    Chapman, T.5    Emery, P.6
  • 107
    • 48249127947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells express the pericyte marker 3G5 and show enhanced chondrogenesis after expansion in fibroblast growth factor-2
    • Khan, W.S., Tew, S.R., Adesida, A.B., and Hardingham, T.E. Human infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells express the pericyte marker 3G5 and show enhanced chondrogenesis after expansion in fibroblast growth factor-2. Arthritis Res Ther 10, R74, 2008.
    • (2008) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.10 , pp. R74
    • Khan, W.S.1    Tew, S.R.2    Adesida, A.B.3    Hardingham, T.E.4
  • 108
    • 84868215168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis
    • Koh, Y.G., and Choi, Y.J. Infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis. Knee 19, 902, 2012.
    • (2012) Knee , vol.19 , pp. 902
    • Koh, Y.G.1    Choi, Y.J.2
  • 109
    • 84891005311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human developmental chondrogenesis as a basis for engineering chondrocytes from pluripotent stem cells
    • Wu, L., Bluguermann, C., Kyupelyan, L., Latour, B., Gonzalez, S., Shah, S., et al. Human developmental chondrogenesis as a basis for engineering chondrocytes from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rep 1, 575, 2013.
    • (2013) Stem Cell Rep , vol.1 , pp. 575
    • Wu, L.1    Bluguermann, C.2    Kyupelyan, L.3    Latour, B.4    Gonzalez, S.5    Shah, S.6
  • 110
    • 84908099207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From pluripotent stem cells to lineage-specific chondrocytes: Essential signalling and cellular intermediates
    • Atwood, C., ed Croatia: InTech
    • Nakayama, N., and Umeda, K. From pluripotent stem cells to lineage-specific chondrocytes: essential signalling and cellular intermediates. In: Atwood, C., ed. Embryonic Stem Cells: The Hormonal Regulation of Pluripotency and Embryogenesis. Croatia: InTech, 621, 2011.
    • (2011) Embryonic Stem Cells: The Hormonal Regulation of Pluripotency and Embryogenesis , pp. 621
    • Nakayama, N.1    Umeda, K.2
  • 112
    • 34250854663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroepithelial cells supply an initial transient wave of MSC differentiation
    • Takashima, Y., Era, T., Nakao, K., Kondo, S., Kasuga, M., Smith, A.G., et al. Neuroepithelial cells supply an initial transient wave of MSC differentiation. Cell 129, 1377, 2007.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.129 , pp. 1377
    • Takashima, Y.1    Era, T.2    Nakao, K.3    Kondo, S.4    Kasuga, M.5    Smith, A.G.6
  • 113
    • 73249135661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of chondrogenesis from human embryonic stem cells without embryoid body formation by bone morphogenetic protein 7 and transforming growth factor beta1
    • Nakagawa, T., Lee, S.Y., and Reddi, A.H. Induction of chondrogenesis from human embryonic stem cells without embryoid body formation by bone morphogenetic protein 7 and transforming growth factor beta1. Arthritis Rheum 60, 3686, 2009.
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum , vol.60 , pp. 3686
    • Nakagawa, T.1    Lee, S.Y.2    Reddi, A.H.3
  • 114
    • 49249129749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of chondrogenically-committed cells from human embryonic cells for cartilage tissue regeneration
    • Hwang, N.S., Varghese, S., and Elisseeff, J. Derivation of chondrogenically-committed cells from human embryonic cells for cartilage tissue regeneration. PLoS One 3, e2498, 2008.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , pp. e2498
    • Hwang, N.S.1    Varghese, S.2    Elisseeff, J.3
  • 115
    • 33747388329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of chondrocytes from embryonic stem cells
    • Khillan, J.S. Generation of chondrocytes from embryonic stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 330, 161, 2006.
    • (2006) Methods Mol Biol , vol.330 , pp. 161
    • Khillan, J.S.1
  • 116
    • 34748851909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue engineering with chondrogenically differentiated human embryonic stem cells
    • Koay, E.J., Hoben, G.M., and Athanasiou, K.A. Tissue engineering with chondrogenically differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 25, 2183, 2007.
    • (2007) Stem Cells , vol.25 , pp. 2183
    • Koay, E.J.1    Hoben, G.M.2    Athanasiou, K.A.3
  • 117
    • 84864203594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human embryonic stem cell-derived clonal progenitor cell line with chondrogenic potential and markers of craniofacial mesenchyme
    • Sternberg,H.,Murai, J.T., Erickson, I.E., Funk,W.D.,Das, S., Wang, Q., et al. A human embryonic stem cell-derived clonal progenitor cell line with chondrogenic potential and markers of craniofacial mesenchyme. Regen Med 7, 481, 2012.
    • (2012) Regen Med , vol.7 , pp. 481
    • Sternberg, H.1    Murai, J.T.2    Erickson, I.E.3    Funkw., D.4    Das, S.5    Wang, Q.6
  • 118
    • 77449142978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation and enrichment of expandable chondrogenic cells from human embryonic stem cells in vitro
    • Toh, W.S., Guo, X.M., Choo, A.B., Lu, K., Lee, E.H., and Cao, T. Differentiation and enrichment of expandable chondrogenic cells from human embryonic stem cells in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 13, 3570, 2009.
    • (2009) J Cell Mol Med , vol.13 , pp. 3570
    • Toh, W.S.1    Guo, X.M.2    Choo, A.B.3    Lu, K.4    Lee, E.H.5    Cao, T.6
  • 119
    • 34147164635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of culture conditions and bone morphogenetic protein 2 on extent of chondrogenesis from human embryonic stem cells
    • Toh, W.S., Yang, Z., Liu, H., Heng, B.C., Lee, E.H., and Cao, T. Effects of culture conditions and bone morphogenetic protein 2 on extent of chondrogenesis from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 25, 950, 2007.
    • (2007) Stem Cells , vol.25 , pp. 950
    • Toh, W.S.1    Yang, Z.2    Liu, H.3    Heng, B.C.4    Lee, E.H.5    Cao, T.6
  • 120
    • 77954594475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and progressive differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into the chondrogenic lineage
    • Gong, G., Ferrari, D., Dealy, C.N., and Kosher, R.A. Direct and progressive differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into the chondrogenic lineage. J Cell Physiol 224, 664, 2010.
    • (2010) J Cell Physiol , vol.224 , pp. 664
    • Gong, G.1    Ferrari, D.2    Dealy, C.N.3    Kosher, R.A.4
  • 122
    • 33747195353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors
    • Takahashi, K., and Yamanaka, S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126, 663, 2006.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.126 , pp. 663
    • Takahashi, K.1    Yamanaka, S.2
  • 123
    • 79957868513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from fetal neural stem cells successfully undergo directed differentiation into cartilage
    • Medvedev, S.P., Grigor'eva, E.V., Shevchenko, A.I., Malakhova, A.A., Dementyeva, E.V., Shilov, A.A., et al. Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from fetal neural stem cells successfully undergo directed differentiation into cartilage. Stem Cells Dev 20, 1099, 2011.
    • (2011) Stem Cells Dev , vol.20 , pp. 1099
    • Medvedev, S.P.1    Grigor'Eva, E.V.2    Shevchenko, A.I.3    Malakhova, A.A.4    Dementyeva, E.V.5    Shilov, A.A.6
  • 124
    • 84871448242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into chondrogenic lineage via generation of mesenchymal progenitor cells
    • Koyama, N., Miura, M., Nakao, K., Kondo, E., Fujii, T., Taura, D., et al. Human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into chondrogenic lineage via generation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 22, 102, 2013.
    • (2013) Stem Cells Dev , vol.22 , pp. 102
    • Koyama, N.1    Miura, M.2    Nakao, K.3    Kondo, E.4    Fujii, T.5    Taura, D.6
  • 125
    • 84872721073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient differentiation of human iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells to chondroprogenitor cells
    • Guzzo, R.M., Gibson, J., Xu, R.H., Lee, F.Y., and Drissi, H. Efficient differentiation of human iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells to chondroprogenitor cells. J Cell Biochem 114, 480, 2013.
    • (2013) J Cell Biochem , vol.114 , pp. 480
    • Guzzo, R.M.1    Gibson, J.2    Xu, R.H.3    Lee, F.Y.4    Drissi, H.5
  • 126
    • 84863347182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-step derivation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells on a fibrillar collagen coating
    • Liu, Y., Goldberg, A.J., Dennis, J.E., Gronowicz, G.A., and Kuhn, L.T. One-step derivation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells on a fibrillar collagen coating. PLoS One 7, e33225, 2012.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e33225
    • Liu, Y.1    Goldberg, A.J.2    Dennis, J.E.3    Gronowicz, G.A.4    Kuhn, L.T.5
  • 127
    • 84874910586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven diverse human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrogenic clonal embryonic progenitor cell lines display site-specific cell fates
    • Sternberg, H., Kidd, J., Murai, J.T., Jiang, J., Rinon, A., Erickson, I.E., et al. Seven diverse human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrogenic clonal embryonic progenitor cell lines display site-specific cell fates. Regen Med 8, 125, 2013.
    • (2013) Regen Med , vol.8 , pp. 125
    • Sternberg, H.1    Kidd, J.2    Murai, J.T.3    Jiang, J.4    Rinon, A.5    Erickson, I.E.6
  • 128
    • 64249157351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic reprogramming and induced pluripotency
    • Hochedlinger, K., and Plath, K. Epigenetic reprogramming and induced pluripotency. Development 136, 509, 2009.
    • (2009) Development , vol.136 , pp. 509
    • Hochedlinger, K.1    Plath, K.2
  • 129
    • 77649159797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells by efficient reprogramming of adult bone marrow cells
    • Kunisato, A., Wakatsuki, M., Kodama, Y., Shinba, H., Ishida, I., and Nagao, K. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells by efficient reprogramming of adult bone marrow cells. Stem Cells Dev 19, 229, 2010.
    • (2010) Stem Cells Dev , vol.19 , pp. 229
    • Kunisato, A.1    Wakatsuki, M.2    Kodama, Y.3    Shinba, H.4    Ishida, I.5    Nagao, K.6
  • 130
    • 79952585969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purified mesenchymal stem cells are an efficient source for iPS cell induction
    • Niibe, K., Kawamura, Y., Araki, D., Morikawa, S., Miura, K., Suzuki, S., et al. Purified mesenchymal stem cells are an efficient source for iPS cell induction. PLoS One 6, e17610, 2011.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. e17610
    • Niibe, K.1    Kawamura, Y.2    Araki, D.3    Morikawa, S.4    Miura, K.5    Suzuki, S.6
  • 131
    • 77950623520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPS cells reprogrammed from human mesenchymallike stem/progenitor cells of dental tissue origin
    • Yan, X., Qin, H., Qu, C., Tuan, R.S., Shi, S., and Huang, G.T. IPS cells reprogrammed from human mesenchymallike stem/progenitor cells of dental tissue origin. Stem Cells Dev 19, 469, 2010.
    • (2010) Stem Cells Dev , vol.19 , pp. 469
    • Yan, X.1    Qin, H.2    Qu, C.3    Tuan, R.S.4    Shi, S.5    Huang, G.T.6
  • 132
    • 79957807595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells
    • Zhao, T., Zhang, Z.N., Rong, Z., and Xu, Y. Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 474, 212, 2011.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.474 , pp. 212
    • Zhao, T.1    Zhang, Z.N.2    Rong, Z.3    Xu, Y.4
  • 133
    • 79551533196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of hyaline cartilaginous tissue from mouse adult dermal fibroblast culture by defined factors
    • Hiramatsu, K., Sasagawa, S., Outani, H., Nakagawa, K., Yoshikawa, H., and Tsumaki, N. Generation of hyaline cartilaginous tissue from mouse adult dermal fibroblast culture by defined factors. J Clin Invest 121, 640, 2011.
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , pp. 640
    • Hiramatsu, K.1    Sasagawa, S.2    Outani, H.3    Nakagawa, K.4    Yoshikawa, H.5    Tsumaki, N.6
  • 134
    • 84885829608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct induction of chondrogenic cells from human dermal fibroblast culture by defined factors
    • Outani, H., Okada, M., Yamashita, A., Nakagawa, K., Yoshikawa, H., and Tsumaki, N. Direct induction of chondrogenic cells from human dermal fibroblast culture by defined factors. PLoS One 8, e77365, 2013.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e77365
    • Outani, H.1    Okada, M.2    Yamashita, A.3    Nakagawa, K.4    Yoshikawa, H.5    Tsumaki, N.6
  • 135
    • 0022567611 scopus 로고
    • The pericyte-A review
    • Sims, D.E. The pericyte-A review. Tissue Cell 18, 153, 1986.
    • (1986) Tissue Cell , vol.18 , pp. 153
    • Sims, D.E.1
  • 136
    • 0025123315 scopus 로고
    • Pericytes derived from the retinal microvasculature undergo calcification in vitro
    • Schor,A.M.,Allen, T.D.,Canfield,A.E., Sloan, P., and Schor, S.L. Pericytes derived from the retinal microvasculature undergo calcification in vitro. J Cell Sci 97(Pt 3), 449, 1990.
    • (1990) J Cell Sci , vol.97 , pp. 449
    • Schor, A.M.1    Allen, T.D.2    Canfield, A.E.3
  • 139
    • 34250019537 scopus 로고
    • Bone: Formation by autoinduction
    • Urist, M.R. Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 150, 893, 1965.
    • (1965) Science , vol.150 , pp. 893
    • Urist, M.R.1
  • 140
    • 0034607111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microvascular pericytes express aggrecan message which is regulated by BMP-2
    • Diefenderfer, D.L., and Brighton, C.T. Microvascular pericytes express aggrecan message which is regulated by BMP-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 269, 172, 2000.
    • (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.269 , pp. 172
    • Diefenderfer, D.L.1    Brighton, C.T.2
  • 142
    • 0033568417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uno, nessuno e centomila: Searching for the identity of mesodermal progenitors
    • Bianco, P., and Cossu, G. Uno, nessuno e centomila: searching for the identity of mesodermal progenitors. Exp Cell Res 251, 257, 1999.
    • (1999) Exp Cell Res , vol.251 , pp. 257
    • Bianco, P.1    Cossu, G.2
  • 143
    • 0034988303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow stromal stem cells: Nature, biology, and potential applications
    • Bianco, P., Riminucci, M., Gronthos, S., and Robey, P.G. Bone marrow stromal stem cells: nature, biology, and potential applications. Stem Cells 19, 180, 2001.
    • (2001) Stem Cells , vol.19 , pp. 180
    • Bianco, P.1    Riminucci, M.2    Gronthos, S.3    Robey, P.G.4
  • 144
    • 0042306316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perivascular niche of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells in human bone marrow and dental pulp
    • Shi, S., and Gronthos, S. Perivascular niche of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells in human bone marrow and dental pulp. J Bone Miner Res 18, 696, 2003.
    • (2003) J Bone Miner Res , vol.18 , pp. 696
    • Shi, S.1    Gronthos, S.2
  • 145
    • 55049092713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of the in vivo identity of mesenchymal stem cells
    • da Silva Meirelles, L., Caplan, A.I., and Nardi, N.B. In search of the in vivo identity of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 26, 2287, 2008.
    • (2008) Stem Cells , vol.26 , pp. 2287
    • Da Silva Meirelles, L.1    Caplan, A.I.2    Nardi, N.B.3
  • 146


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.