Cytokines in immune-mediated inflammatory myopathies: Cellular sources, multiple actions and therapeutic implications

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

Volumn 178, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 405-415

  Moran, E M ^a   Mastaglia, F L ^a,b  

^a MURDOCH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Autoinflammatory disease; Cytokines; Inflammation; Neuroimmunology

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; CYTOKINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANIMAL; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; DERMATOMYOSITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; MYOSITIS; PHYSIOLOGY; POLYMYOSITIS;

ANIMALS; AUTOANTIBODIES; CYTOKINES; DERMATOMYOSITIS; HUMANS; MYOSITIS; POLYMYOSITIS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 84908680842     PISSN: 00099104     EISSN: 13652249     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/cei.12445     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Tournadre A, Lenief V, Eljaafari A, Miossec P. Immature muscle precursors are a source of interferon-beta in myositis: role of Toll-like receptor 3 activation and contribution to HLA class I up-regulation. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:533-541.
2. Troyanov Y, Targoff IN, Tremblay JL, Goulet JR, Raymond Y, Senecal JL. Novel classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on overlap syndrome features and autoantibodies: analysis of 100 French Canadian patients. Medicine (Balt) 2005; 84:231-249.
3. Dalakas MC. Pathogenesis and therapies of immune-mediated myopathies. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 11:203-206.
4. Dalakas MC. Therapeutic targets in patients with inflammatory myopathies: present approaches and a look to the future. Neuromuscul Disord 2006; 16:223-236.
5. Venalis P, Lundberg IE. Immune mechanisms in polymyositis and dermatomyositis and potential targets for therapy. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2014; 53:397-405.
6. Rodríguez Cruz PM, Luo Y-B, Miller J, Junckerstorff RC, Mastaglia FL, Fabian V. An analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of MHC-I and MHC-II immunohistochemical staining in muscle biopsies for the diagnosis of inflammatory myopathies. Neuromuscul Disord 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.436
7. Figarella-Branger D, Civatte M, Bartoli C, Pellissier JF. Cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory myopathies. Muscle Nerve 2003; 28:659-682.
8. Loell I, Lundberg IE. Can muscle regeneration fail in chronic inflammation: a weakness in inflammatory myopathies? J Intern Med 2011; 269:243-257.
9. Rayavarapu S, Coley W, Kinder TB, Nagaraju K. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: pathogenic mechanisms of muscle weakness. Skelet Muscle 2013; 3:13.
10. Yokota M, Suzuki K, Tokoyoda K etal. Roles of mast cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R72.
11. Bruder J, Siewert K, Obermeier B etal. Target specificity of an autoreactive pathogenic human gammadelta-T cell receptor in myositis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20986-20995.
12. reg deficiency in inclusion body myositis. PLOS ONE 2014; 9:e88788.
13. Moran EM, Mastaglia FL. The role of interleukin-17 in immune-mediated inflammatory myopathies and possible therapeutic implications. Neuromuscul Disord 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.432
14. Tournadre A, Miossec P. Interleukin-17 in inflammatory myopathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2012; 14:252-256.
15. Shachar I, Karin N. The dual roles of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the regulation of autoimmune diseases and their clinical implications. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:51-61.
16. Tournadre A, Miossec P. A critical role for immature muscle precursors in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013; 9:438-442.
17. Creus KK, De Paepe B, De Bleecker JL. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and the classical NF-kappaB complex: current insights and implications for therapy. Autoimmun Rev 2009; 8:627-631.
18. Zong M, Lundberg IE. Pathogenesis, classification and treatment of inflammatory myopathies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2011; 7:297-306.
19. Dalakas MC. Mechanisms of disease: signaling pathways and immunobiology of inflammatory myopathies. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2006; 2:219-227.
20. Luo Y-B, Mastaglia FL. Dermatomyositis, polymyositis and immune-mediated necrotising myopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.034
21. Fasth AE, Dastmalchi M, Rahbar A etal. T cell infiltrates in the muscles of patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis are dominated by CD28null T cells. J Immunol 2009; 183:4792-4799.
22. Pestronk A. Acquired immune and inflammatory myopathies: pathologic classification. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011; 23:595-604.
23. Casciola-Rosen L, Mammen AL. Myositis autoantibodies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012; 24:602-608.
24. Greenberg SA, Bradshaw EM, Pinkus JL etal. Plasma cells in muscle in inclusion body myositis and polymyositis. Neurology 2005; 65:1782-1787.
25. Dimachkie MM. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 231:32-42.
26. Arahata K, Engel AG. Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. V: identification and quantitation of T8+ cytotoxic and T8+ suppressor cells. Ann Neurol 1988; 23:493-499.
27. De Paepe B, De Bleecker JL. The nonnecrotic invaded muscle fibers of polymyositis and sporadic inclusion body myositis: on the interplay of chemokines and stress proteins. Neurosci Lett 2013; 535:18-23.
28. Preusse C, Goebel HH, Held J etal. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy is characterized by a specific Th1-M1 polarized immune profile. Am J Pathol 2012; 181:2161-2171.
29. Needham M, Fabian V, Knezevic W, Panegyres P, Zilko P, Mastaglia FL. Progressive myopathy with up-regulation of MHC-I associated with statin therapy. Neuromuscul Disord 2007; 17:194-200.
30. Christopher-Stine L, Casciola-Rosen LA, Hong G, Chung T, Corse AM, Mammen AL. A novel autoantibody recognizing 200-kd and 100-kd proteins is associated with an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62:2757-2766.
31. Mammen AL, Chung T, Christopher-Stine L etal. Autoantibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in patients with statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63:713-721.
32. Nagaraju K, Casciola-Rosen L, Lundberg I etal. Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in autoimmune myositis: potential role in muscle fiber damage and dysfunction. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52:1824-1835.
33. Grundtman C, Lundberg IE. Pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2006; 8:188-195.
34. Arahata K, Engel AG. Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. IV: cell-mediated cytotoxicity and muscle fiber necrosis. Ann Neurol 1988; 23:168-173.
35. Salajegheh M, Rakocevic G, Raju R, Shatunov A, Goldfarb LG, Dalakas MC. T cell receptor profiling in muscle and blood lymphocytes in sporadic inclusion body myositis. Neurology 2007; 69:1672-1679.
36. Benveniste O, Herson S, Salomon B etal. Long-term persistence of clonally expanded T cells in patients with polymyositis. Ann Neurol 2004; 56:867-872.
37. Amemiya K, Granger RP, Dalakas MC. Clonal restriction of T-cell receptor expression by infiltrating lymphocytes in inclusion body myositis persists over time. Studies in repeated muscle biopsies. Brain 2000; 123 (Pt 10):2030-2039.
38. Askanas V, Engel WK, Nogalska A. Pathogenic considerations in sporadic inclusion-body myositis, a degenerative muscle disease associated with aging and abnormalities of myoproteostasis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:680-693.
39. Schmidt J, Barthel K, Wrede A, Salajegheh M, Bahr M, Dalakas MC. Interrelation of inflammation and APP in sIBM: IL-1 beta induces accumulation of beta-amyloid in skeletal muscle. Brain 2008; 131:1228-1240.
40. Greenberg SA, Pinkus JL, Pinkus GS etal. Interferon-alpha/beta-mediated innate immune mechanisms in dermatomyositis. Ann Neurol 2005; 57:664-678.
41. Stenzel W, Goebel HH, Aronica E. Review: immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies-a heterogeneous group of diseases with specific myopathological features. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 38:632-646.
42. Rojana-udomsart A, Mitrpant C, Bundell C etal. Complement-mediated muscle cell lysis: a possible mechanism of myonecrosis in anti-SRP associated necrotizing myopathy (ASANM). J Neuroimmunol 2013; 264:65-70.
43. Mammen AL, Casciola-Rosen LA, Hall JC, Christopher-Stine L, Corse AM, Rosen A. Expression of the dermatomyositis autoantigen Mi-2 in regenerating muscle. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60:3784-3793.
44. Casciola-Rosen L, Nagaraju K, Plotz P etal. Enhanced autoantigen expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. J Exp Med 2005; 201:591-601.
45. O'Neill LA, Sheedy FJ, McCoy CE. MicroRNAs: the fine-tuners of Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:163-175.
46. Georgantas RW, Streicher K, Greenberg SA etal. Inhibition of myogenic microRNAs 1, 133, and 206 by inflammatory cytokines links inflammation and muscle degeneration in adult inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1022-1033.
47. Fearon U. Interleukin-27: a master regulator in inflammation. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63:2157-2160.
48. Miossec P, Kolls JK. Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:763-776.
49. Wilson CB, Rowell E, Sekimata M. Epigenetic control of T-helper-cell differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:91-105.
50. Elliott MJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M etal. Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1994; 344:1105-1110.
51. Bartee E, McFadden G. Cytokine synergy: an underappreciated contributor to innate anti-viral immunity. Cytokine 2013; 63:237-240.
52. Moran EM, Mullan R, McCormick J etal. Human rheumatoid arthritis tissue production of IL-17A drives matrix and cartilage degradation: synergy with tumour necrosis factor-alpha, Oncostatin M and response to biologic therapies. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R113.
53. Granet C, Miossec P. Combination of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-alpha and IL-17 leads to enhanced expression and additional recruitment of AP-1 family members, Egr-1 and NF-kappaB in osteoblast-like cells. Cytokine 2004; 26:169-177.
54. Smilek DE, Ehlers MR, Nepom GT. Restoring the balance: immunotherapeutic combinations for autoimmune disease. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:503-513.
55. Greenberg SA. Type 1 interferons and myositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12 (Suppl 1):S4.
56. Ivanidze J, Hoffmann R, Lochmuller H, Engel AG, Hohlfeld R, Dornmair K. Inclusion body myositis: laser microdissection reveals differential up-regulation of IFN-gamma signaling cascade in attacked versus nonattacked myofibers. Am J Pathol 2011; 179:1347-1359.
57. Zong M, Dorph C, Dastmalchi M etal. Anakinra treatment in patients with refractory inflammatory myopathies and possible predictive response biomarkers: a mechanistic study with 12 months follow-up. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:913-920.
58. Higgs BW, Zhu W, Richman L etal. Identification of activated cytokine pathways in the blood of systemic lupus erythematosus, myositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma patients. Int J Rheum Dis 2012; 15:25-35.
59. Caproni M, Torchia D, Cardinali C etal. Infiltrating cells, related cytokines and chemokine receptors in lesional skin of patients with dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151:784-791.
60. Fujiyama T, Ito T, Ogawa N, Suda T, Tokura Y, Hashizume H. Preferential infiltration of IL-4-producing CXCR4 T cells in the lesional muscle but not skin of patients with dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:110-120.
61. Tournadre A, Porcherot M, Cherin P, Marie I, Hachulla E, Miossec P. Th1 and Th17 balance in inflammatory myopathies: interaction with dendritic cells and possible link with response to high-dose immunoglobulins. Cytokine 2009; 46:297-301.
62. Allenbach Y, Rosenzwajg M, Prevel N etal. P5.27 evidence for the implication of Th-1 and Treg cells but not Th-17 in sporadic inclusion body myositis. Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 21:732.
63. Ciccia F, Rizzo A, Alessandro R etal. Activated IL-22 pathway occurs in the muscle tissues of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis and is correlated with disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2014; 53:1307-1312.
64. Raju R, Dalakas MC. Gene expression profile in the muscles of patients with inflammatory myopathies: effect of therapy with IVIg and biological validation of clinically relevant genes. Brain 2005; 128:1887-1896.
65. Tang X, Tian X, Zhang Y etal. Correlation between the frequency of Th17 cell and the expression of microRNA-206 in patients with dermatomyositis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:345347-345354.
66. Park J-S, Park M-K, Lee S-Y etal. TWEAK promotes the production of interleukin-17 in rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 2012; 60:143-149.
67. Morosetti R, Gliubizzi C, Sancricca C etal. TWEAK in inclusion-body myositis muscle: possible pathogenic role of a cytokine inhibiting myogenesis. Am J Pathol 2012; 180:1603-1613.
68. Antiga E, Kretz CC, Klembt R etal. Characterization of regulatory T cells in patients with dermatomyositis. J Autoimmun 2010; 35:342-350.
69. Solomon GJ, Magro CM. Foxp3 expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphocytic infiltrates. J Cutan Pathol 2008; 35:1032-1039.
70. Lundberg I, Ulfgren AK, Nyberg P, Andersson U, Klareskog L. Cytokine production in muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:865-874.
71. Amemiya K, Semino-Mora C, Granger RP, Dalakas MC. Downregulation of TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein in the muscles of patients with inflammatory myopathies after treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Clin Immunol 2000; 94:99-104.
72. Baechler E, Bilgic H, Reed A. Type I interferon pathway in adult and juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:249.
73. Higgs BW, Zhu W, Morehouse C etal. A phase 1b clinical trial evaluating sifalimumab, an anti-IFN-alpha monoclonal antibody, shows target neutralisation of a type I IFN signature in blood of dermatomyositis and polymyositis patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:256-262.
74. Tezak Z, Hoffman EP, Lutz JL etal. Gene expression profiling in DQA1*0501+ children with untreated dermatomyositis: a novel model of pathogenesis. J Immunol 2002; 168:4154-4163.
75. Guo X, Higgs BW, Rebelatto M etal. Suppression of soluble T cell-associated proteins by an anti-interferon-α monoclonal antibody in adult patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2014; 53:686-695.
76. Zschuntzsch J, Voss J, Creus K etal. Provision of an explanation for the inefficacy of immunotherapy in sporadic inclusion body myositis: quantitative assessment of inflammation and beta-amyloid in the muscle. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:4094-4103.
77. Greenberg SA. A gene expression approach to study perturbed pathways in myositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2007; 19:536-541.
78. Greenberg SA, Higgs BW, Morehouse C etal. Relationship between disease activity and type 1 interferon- and other cytokine-inducible gene expression in blood in dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Genes Immun 2012; 13:207-213.
79. Guo X, Higgs BW, Rebelatto M etal. Suppression of soluble T cell-associated proteins by an anti-interferon-alpha monoclonal antibody in adult patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2014; 53:686-695.
80. Sato S, Ogura Y, Kumar A. TWEAK/Fn14 signaling axis mediates skeletal muscle atrophy and metabolic dysfunction. Front Immunol 2014; 5:18.
81. Greenberg SA. DNA microarray gene expression analysis technology and its application to neurological disorders. Neurology 2001; 57:755-761.
82. Wong D, Kea B, Pesich R etal. Interferon and biologic signatures in dermatomyositis skin: specificity and heterogeneity across diseases. PLOS ONE 2012; 7:e29161.
83. Shrestha S, Wershil B, Sarwark JF, Niewold TB, Philipp T, Pachman LM. Lesional and nonlesional skin from patients with untreated juvenile dermatomyositis displays increased numbers of mast cells and mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62:2813-2822.
84. O'Connor KA, Abbott KA, Sabin B, Kuroda M, Pachman LM. MxA gene expression in juvenile dermatomyositis peripheral blood mononuclear cells: association with muscle involvement. Clin Immunol 2006; 120:319-325.
85. Walsh RJ, Kong SW, Yao Y etal. Type I interferon-inducible gene expression in blood is present and reflects disease activity in dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56:3784-3792.
86. Bilgic H, Ytterberg SR, Amin S etal. Interleukin-6 and type I interferon-regulated genes and chemokines mark disease activity in dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60:3436-3446.
87. Liao AP, Salajegheh M, Nazareno R, Kagan JC, Jubin RG, Greenberg SA. Interferon beta is associated with type 1 interferon-inducible gene expression in dermatomyositis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:831-836.
88. Albayda J, Christopher-Stine L. Novel approaches in the treatment of myositis and myopathies. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 4:369-377.
89. Carstens PO, Schmidt J. Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of myositis: recent advances. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 175:349-358.
90. Dalakas MC. Therapeutic advances and future prospects in immune-mediated inflammatory myopathies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2008; 1:157-166.
91. Couderc M, Gottenberg JE, Mariette X etal. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of refractory inflammatory myopathies in adults: results from the AIR registry. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2011; 50:2283-2289.
92. de Visser M. The efficacy of rituximab in refractory myositis: the jury is still out. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65:303-306.
93. Oddis CV, Reed AM, Aggarwal R etal. Rituximab in the treatment of refractory adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and adult polymyositis: a randomized, placebo-phase trial. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65:314-324.
94. Levine TD. Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: an open-label pilot study. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52:601-607.
95. Barohn RJ, Herbelin L, Kissel JT etal. Pilot trial of etanercept in the treatment of inclusion-body myositis. Neurology 2006; 66:S123-124.
96. Selva-O'Callaghan A, Martinez-Costa X, Solans-Laque R, Mauri M, Capdevila JA, Vilardell-Tarres M. Refractory adult dermatomyositis with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis treated with infliximab. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2004; 43:1196-1197.
97. Labioche I, Liozon E, Weschler B, Loustaud-Ratti V, Soria P, Vidal E. Refractory polymyositis responding to infliximab: extended follow-up. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2004; 43:531-532.
98. Korkmaz C, Temiz G, Cetinbas F, Buyukkidan B. Successful treatment of alveolar hypoventilation due to dermatomyositis with anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2004; 43:937-938.
99. Hengstman GJ, van den Hoogen FH, Barrera P etal. Successful treatment of dermatomyositis and polymyositis with anti-tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha: preliminary observations. Eur Neurol 2003; 50:10-15.
100. Muscle Study Group. A randomized, pilot trial of etanercept in dermatomyositis. Ann Neurol 2011; 70:427-436.
101. Muscle Study Group. Randomized pilot trial of betaINF1a (Avonex) in patients with inclusion body myositis. Neurology 2001; 57:1566-1570.
102. Yakushiji Y, Satoh J, Yukitake M etal. Interferon beta-responsive inclusion body myositis in a hepatitis C virus carrier. Neurology 2004; 63:587-588.
103. Aggarwal R, Oddis CV. Therapeutic approaches in myositis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2011; 13:182-191.
104. Greenberg SA. Pathogenesis and therapy of inclusion body myositis. Curr Opin Neurol 2012; 25:630-639.
105. Musuruana JL, Cavallasca JA. Abatacept for treatment of refractory polymyositis. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 78:431-432.
106. Arabshahi B, Silverman RA, Jones OY, Rider LG. Abatacept and sodium thiosulfate for treatment of recalcitrant juvenile dermatomyositis complicated by ulceration and calcinosis. J Pediatr 2012; 160:520-522.
107. Kerola AM, Kauppi MJ. Abatacept as a successful therapy for myositis-a case-based review. Clin Rheumatol 2014. doi: 10.1007/s10067-014-2507-4
108. Narazaki M, Hagihara K, Shima Y, Ogata A, Kishimoto T, Tanaka T. Therapeutic effect of tocilizumab on two patients with polymyositis. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2011; 50:1344-1346.
109. Zong M, Dorph C, Dastmalchi M etal. Anakinra treatment in patients with refractory inflammatory myopathies and possible predictive response biomarkers: a mechanistic study with 12 months follow-up. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:913-920.
110. Kosmidis ML, Alexopoulos H, Tzioufas AG, Dalakas MC. The effect of anakinra, an IL1 receptor antagonist, in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM): a small pilot study. J Neurol Sci 2013; 334:123-125.
111. Furlan A, Botsios C, Ruffatti A, Todesco S, Punzi L. Antisynthetase syndrome with refractory polyarthritis and fever successfully treated with the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra: a case report. Joint Bone Spine 2008; 75:366-367.
112. Estublier C, Stankovic Stojanovic K, Bergerot JF, Broussolle C, Seve P. Myositis in a patient with familial Mediterranean fever and spondyloarthritis successfully treated with anakinra. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 80:645-649.