메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 1157-1182

Extreme weather and civil war: Does drought fuel conflict in Somalia through livestock price shocks?

Author keywords

Civil war; conflict; drought; Horn of Africa; livestock; pastoralism; price; Somalia

Indexed keywords

CIVIL WAR; CONFLICT MANAGEMENT; DROUGHT; LIVESTOCK FARMING; PASTORALISM; PRICE DYNAMICS;

EID: 84904968644     PISSN: 00029092     EISSN: 14678276     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajae/aau010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (217)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 26844435327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does food aid really have disincentive effects? New evidence from sub-saharan Africa
    • Abdulai, A., C. Barrett, and J. Hoddinott. 2005. Does Food Aid Really Have Disincentive Effects? New Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development 33 (10): 1689-1704.
    • (2005) World Development , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1689-1704
    • Abdulai, A.1    Barrett, C.2    Hoddinott, J.3
  • 2
    • 46049094460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a commercial destocking relief intervention in moyale district, Southern Ethiopia
    • Abebe, D., A. Cullis, A. Catley, Y. Aklilu, G. Mekonnen, and Y. Ghebrechirstos. 2008. Impact of a Commercial Destocking Relief Intervention in Moyale District, Southern Ethiopia. Disasters 32 (2): 167-189.
    • (2008) Disasters , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-189
    • Abebe, D.1    Cullis, A.2    Catley, A.3    Aklilu, Y.4    Mekonnen, G.5    Ghebrechirstos, Y.6
  • 4
    • 8444235975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought, livestock and livelihoods: Lessons from the 1999-2001 emergency response in the pastoral sector in Kenya
    • London: Overseas Development Institute
    • Aklilu, Y., and M. Wekesa. 2002. Drought, Livestock and Livelihoods: Lessons from the 1999-2001 Emergency Response in the Pastoral Sector in Kenya. Humanitarian Practice Network Paper No. 40. London: Overseas Development Institute.
    • (2002) Humanitarian Practice Network Paper No. 40
    • Aklilu, Y.1    Wekesa, M.2
  • 6
    • 0040332008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instrumental variables and the search for identification: From supply and demand to natural experiments
    • Angrist, J., and A. Krueger. 2001. Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments. Journal of Economic Perspectives 15 (4): 69-85.
    • (2001) Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 69-85
    • Angrist, J.1    Krueger, A.2
  • 8
    • 0036862865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Under the hood: Issues in the specification and interpretation of spatial regression models
    • Anselin, L. 2002. Under the Hood: Issues in the Specification and Interpretation of Spatial Regression Models. Agricultural Economics 27 (3): 247-267.
    • (2002) Agricultural Economics , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-267
    • Anselin, L.1
  • 9
    • 82155195948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food prices and political instability
    • International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC
    • Arezki, R., and M. Brückner. 2011. Food Prices and Political Instability. IMF Working Paper No. 11/62, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
    • (2011) IMF Working Paper No. 11/62
    • Arezki, R.1    Brückner, M.2
  • 12
    • 77956150375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somalia's al-shabab recruits "holy warriors" with $400 bonus
    • April 15
    • Baldauf, S., and A. Mohamed. 2010. Somalia's Al-Shabab Recruits "Holy Warriors" with $400 Bonus. Christian Science Monitor. April 15. www.csmonitor.
    • (2010) Christian Science Monitor
    • Baldauf, S.1    Mohamed, A.2
  • 13
    • 43749107899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced routines for instrumental variables/generalized method of moments estimation and testing
    • Baum, C., M. Schaffer, and S. Stillman. 2007. Enhanced Routines for Instrumental Variables/Generalized Method of Moments Estimation and Testing. Stata Journal 7 (4): 465-506.
    • (2007) Stata Journal , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 465-506
    • Baum, C.1    Schaffer, M.2    Stillman, S.3
  • 15
  • 16
    • 77953770528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population size and civil conflict risk: Is there a causal link?
    • Brückner, M. 2010. Population Size and Civil Conflict Risk: Is There a Causal Link? Economic Journal 120 (544): 535-550.
    • (2010) Economic Journal , vol.120 , Issue.544 , pp. 535-550
    • Brückner, M.1
  • 17
    • 77953781730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International commodity prices, growth and the outbreak of civil war in sub-saharan Africa
    • Brückner, M., and A. Ciccone. 2010. International Commodity Prices, Growth and the Outbreak of Civil War in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Journal 120 (544): 519-534.
    • (2010) Economic Journal , vol.120 , Issue.544 , pp. 519-534
    • Brückner, M.1    Ciccone, A.2
  • 18
    • 70349528165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural resources and violent conflict: Resource abundance, dependence, and the onset of civil wars
    • Brunnschweiler, C., and E. Bulte. 2009. Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Resource Abundance, Dependence, and the Onset of Civil Wars. Oxford Economic Papers 61 (4): 651-674.
    • (2009) Oxford Economic Papers , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 651-674
    • Brunnschweiler, C.1    Bulte, E.2
  • 19
    • 78049231367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate not to blame for African civil wars
    • Buhaug, H. 2010. Climate Not to Blame for African Civil Wars. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (38): 16477-16482.
    • (2010) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.107 , Issue.38 , pp. 16477-16482
    • Buhaug, H.1
  • 20
    • 77952549660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assets, activity choices, and civil war: Evidence from burundi
    • Bundervoet, T. 2010. Assets, Activity Choices, and Civil War: Evidence from Burundi. World Development 38 (7): 955-965.
    • (2010) World Development , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 955-965
    • Bundervoet, T.1
  • 22
    • 84911976457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local warming and violent conflict in North and South Sudan
    • International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC
    • Calderone, M., J.-F. Maystadt, and L. You. 2013. Local Warming and Violent Conflict in North and South Sudan. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 01276, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC.
    • (2013) IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 01276
    • Calderone, M.1    Maystadt, J.-F.2    You, L.3
  • 23
    • 30344445602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economics of poverty traps and persistent poverty: An asset-based approach
    • Carter, M., and C. Barrett. 2006. The Economics of Poverty Traps and Persistent Poverty: An Asset-based Approach. Journal of Development Studies 42 (2): 178-199.
    • (2006) Journal of Development Studies , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-199
    • Carter, M.1    Barrett, C.2
  • 24
    • 34247176645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poverty traps and natural disasters in Ethiopia and honduras
    • Carter, M., P. Little, T. Mogues, and W. Negatu. 2007. Poverty Traps and Natural Disasters in Ethiopia and Honduras. World Development 35 (5): 835-856.
    • (2007) World Development , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 835-856
    • Carter, M.1    Little, P.2    Mogues, T.3    Negatu, W.4
  • 25
  • 26
    • 0032415657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On economic causes of conflict
    • Collier, P., and A. Hoeffler. 1998. On Economic Causes of Conflict. Oxford Economic Papers 50 (4): 563-573.
    • (1998) Oxford Economic Papers , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 563-573
    • Collier, P.1    Hoeffler, A.2
  • 27
    • 2942546923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greed and grievance in civil war
    • Collier, P., and A. Hoeffler. 2004. Greed and Grievance in Civil War. Oxford Economic Papers 56 (4): 563-595.
    • (2004) Oxford Economic Papers , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 563-595
    • Collier, P.1    Hoeffler, A.2
  • 30
    • 0001912322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GMM estimation with cross sectional dependence
    • Conley, T. 1999. GMM Estimation with Cross Sectional Dependence. Journal of Econometrics 92 (1): 1-45.
    • (1999) Journal of Econometrics , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-45
    • Conley, T.1
  • 31
    • 84896124695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought and civil war in sub-saharan Africa
    • DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12042
    • Couttenier, M., and R. Soubeyran. 2013. Drought and Civil War in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Journal. DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12042.
    • (2013) Economic Journal
    • Couttenier, M.1    Soubeyran, R.2
  • 32
    • 73849151763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and income: Reconciling new cross-sectional and panel estimates
    • Dell, M., B. Jones, and B. Olken. 2009. Temperature and Income: Reconciling New Cross-Sectional and Panel Estimates. American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 99 (2): 198-204.
    • (2009) American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings , vol.99 , Issue.2 , pp. 198-204
    • Dell, M.1    Jones, B.2    Olken, B.3
  • 33
    • 84865191893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature shocks and economic growth: Evidence from the last half century
    • Dell, M., B. Jones, and B. Olken. 2012. Temperature Shocks and Economic growth: Evidence from the last Half Century. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 4 (3): 66-95.
    • (2012) American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 66-95
    • Dell, M.1    Jones, B.2    Olken, B.3
  • 34
    • 18844374231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health, shocks and poverty persistence
    • ed. S. Dercon, Oxford University Press
    • Dercon, S., and J. Hoddinott. 2004. Health, Shocks and Poverty Persistence. In Insurance against Poverty, ed. S. Dercon, 124-136. Oxford University Press.
    • (2004) Insurance Against Poverty , pp. 124-136
    • Dercon, S.1    Hoddinott, J.2
  • 35
    • 70049087617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerable livelihoods in Somali region, Ethiopia
    • Institute of Development Studies, Sussex
    • Devereux, S. 2006. Vulnerable Livelihoods in Somali Region, Ethiopia. IDS Research Report No. 57, Institute of Development Studies, Sussex.
    • (2006) IDS Research Report No. 57
    • Devereux, S.1
  • 36
    • 84876586047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commodity price shocks and civil conflict: Evidence from colombia
    • Dube O., and J. Vargas. 2013. Commodity Price Shocks and Civil Conflict: Evidence from Colombia. Review of Economic Studies 80 (4): 1384-1421.
    • (2013) Review of Economic Studies , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 1384-1421
    • Dube, O.1    Vargas, J.2
  • 37
    • 0040153325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Africa's growth tragedy: Policies and ethnic divisions
    • Easterly, W., and R. Levin. 1997. Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions. Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (4): 1203-1250.
    • (1997) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.112 , Issue.4 , pp. 1203-1250
    • Easterly, W.1    Levin, R.2
  • 38
    • 0037600669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much war will we see? Explaining the prevalence of civil war
    • Elbadawi, I., and N. Sambanis. 2002. How Much War Will We See? Explaining the Prevalence of Civil War. Journal of Conflict Resolution 46 (3): 307-334.
    • (2002) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-334
    • Elbadawi, I.1    Sambanis, N.2
  • 42
    • 0000532891 scopus 로고
    • Specification and estimation of spatial linear regression models: Monte carlo evaluation of pre-test estimators
    • Florax, R., and H. Folmer. 1992. Specification and Estimation of Spatial Linear Regression Models: Monte Carlo Evaluation of Pre-test Estimators. Regional Science and Urban Economics 22 (3): 405-432.
    • (1992) Regional Science and Urban Economics , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 405-432
    • Florax, R.1    Folmer, H.2
  • 43
    • 84955378794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU). Technical Series Report No. VI. 36. Nairobi: FSNAU
    • Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU). 2011a. Food Security and Nutrition Analysis: Post Deyr 2010/11. Technical Series Report No. VI. 36. Nairobi: FSNAU.
    • (2011) Food Security and Nutrition Analysis: Post Deyr 2010/11
  • 46
    • 84885224403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exceptional warming in the western pacific-indian ocean warm pool has contributed to more frequent droughts in Eastern Africa
    • Funk, C. 2012. Exceptional Warming in The Western Pacific-Indian Ocean Warm Pool has Contributed to More Frequent Droughts in Eastern Africa. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93 (7): 1049-1051.
    • (2012) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , vol.93 , Issue.7 , pp. 1049-1051
    • Funk, C.1
  • 47
    • 0004296209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifth Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education
    • Green, W. 2003. Econometric Analysis. Fifth Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
    • (2003) Econometric Analysis
    • Green, W.1
  • 48
    • 84904997730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict, climate and cells: A disaggregated analysis
    • Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research, Milan
    • Harari, M., and E. La Ferrara. 2012. Conflict, Climate and Cells: A Disaggregated Analysis. IGIER Working Paper No. 461, Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research, Milan.
    • (2012) IGIER Working Paper No. 461
    • Harari, M.1    La Ferrara, E.2
  • 49
    • 84896707401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - The CRU TS3.10 dataset
    • DOI: 10.1002/joc.3711
    • Harris, I., P. Jones, T. Osborn, and D. Lister. 2012. Updated High-resolution Grids of Monthly Climatic Observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset. International Journal of Climatology DOI: 10.1002/joc.3711.
    • (2012) International Journal of Climatology
    • Harris, I.1    Jones, P.2    Osborn, T.3    Lister, D.4
  • 50
    • 84889664680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversification and development in Pastoralist Ethiopia
    • Headey, D., A. Seyoum Taffesse, and L. You. 2014. Diversification and Development in Pastoralist Ethiopia. World Development 56 (1): 200-213.
    • (2014) World Development , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 200-213
    • Headey, D.1    Seyoum Taffesse, A.2    You, L.3
  • 51
    • 0035285235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a democratic civil peace? Democracy, political change, and civil war onset
    • Hegre, H., T. Ellingsen, S. Gates, and N. Gleditsch. 2001. Toward a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil War Onset. American Political Science Review 95 (1): 33-48.
    • (2001) American Political Science Review , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-48
    • Hegre, H.1    Ellingsen, T.2    Gates, S.3    Gleditsch, N.4
  • 53
    • 77957288953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperatures and cyclones strongly associated with economic production in the caribbean and central america
    • Hsiang, S. 2010. Temperatures and Cyclones Strongly Associated with Economic Production in the Caribbean and Central America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (35): 15367-15372.
    • (2010) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.107 , Issue.35 , pp. 15367-15372
    • Hsiang, S.1
  • 54
    • 84880811020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict
    • DOI: 10.1126/science.1235367
    • Hsiang, S., M. Burke, and E. Miguel. 2013 Quantifying the Influence of Climate on Human Conflict. Science 342 (6151). DOI: 10.1126/science.1235367.
    • (2013) Science , vol.342 , Issue.6151
    • Hsiang, S.1    Burke, M.2    Miguel, E.3
  • 55
    • 80052049250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Civil conflicts are associated with the global climate
    • Hsiang, S., K. Meng, and M. Cane. 2011. Civil Conflicts are Associated with the Global Climate. Nature 476 (7361): 438-441.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.476 , Issue.7361 , pp. 438-441
    • Hsiang, S.1    Meng, K.2    Cane, M.3
  • 56
    • 22944491796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural resources, conflict and conflict resolution. Uncovering the mechanisms
    • Humphreys, M. 2005. Natural Resources, Conflict and Conflict Resolution. Uncovering the Mechanisms. Journal of Conflict Resolution 49 (4): 508-537.
    • (2005) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 508-537
    • Humphreys, M.1
  • 57
    • 0001566850 scopus 로고
    • Identification and estimation of local average treatment effects
    • Imbens, G., and J. Angrist. 1994. Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects. Econometrica 62 (2): 467-475.
    • (1994) Econometrica , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 467-475
    • Imbens, G.1    Angrist, J.2
  • 59
    • 0024191780 scopus 로고
    • Somalia: Survival in a doomed economy
    • Jamal, V. 1988. Somalia: Survival in a Doomed Economy. International Labour Review 127 (6): 783-812.
    • (1988) International Labour Review , vol.127 , Issue.6 , pp. 783-812
    • Jamal, V.1
  • 60
    • 43849091311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of rangeland degradation on the pastoral production systems, livelihoods and perceptions of the somali pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia
    • Kassahun, A., H. Snyman, and G. Smit. 2008. Impact of Rangeland Degradation on the Pastoral Production Systems, Livelihoods and Perceptions of the Somali Pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments 72 (7): 1265-1281.
    • (2008) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.72 , Issue.7 , pp. 1265-1281
    • Kassahun, A.1    Snyman, H.2    Smit, G.3
  • 61
    • 84970395908 scopus 로고
    • Ambient temperature and horn honking: A field study of the heat/aggression relationship
    • Kenrick, D., and S. MacFarlane. 1986. Ambient Temperature and Horn Honking: A Field Study of the Heat/Aggression Relationship. Environment and Behavior 18 (2): 179-191.
    • (1986) Environment and Behavior , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-191
    • Kenrick, D.1    MacFarlane, S.2
  • 62
    • 4544259831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Logistic regression in rare events data
    • King, G., and L. Zeng. 2001. Logistic Regression in Rare Events Data. Political Analysis 9 (2): 137-163.
    • (2001) Political Analysis , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-163
    • King, G.1    Zeng, L.2
  • 63
    • 33745851106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized reduced rank tests using the singular value decomposition
    • Kleibergen, F., and R. Paap. 2006. Generalized Reduced Rank Tests Using the Singular Value Decomposition. Journal of Econometrics 133 (1): 97-126.
    • (2006) Journal of Econometrics , vol.133 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-126
    • Kleibergen, F.1    Paap, R.2
  • 64
    • 84888205444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change, weather shocks and violent conflicts: A critical look at the evidence
    • Klomp, J., and E. Bulte. 2013. Climate Change, Weather Shocks and Violent Conflicts: A Critical Look at the Evidence. Agricultural Economics 44 (s1): 63-78.
    • (2013) Agricultural Economics , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-78
    • Klomp, J.1    Bulte, E.2
  • 65
    • 63449129832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the livestock sector in the horn of Africa (IGAD countries)
    • Rome: FAO
    • Knips, V. 2004. Review of the Livestock Sector in the Horn of Africa (IGAD countries). Livestock Sector Report: Horn of Africa. Rome: FAO.
    • (2004) Livestock Sector Report: Horn of Africa
    • Knips, V.1
  • 67
    • 79954489460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temper, temperature, and temptation: Heat-related retaliation in baseball
    • Larrick, E., T. Timmerman, A. Carton, and J. Abrevaya. 2011. Temper, Temperature, and Temptation: Heat-related Retaliation in Baseball. Psychological Science 22 (4): 423-428.
    • (2011) Psychological Science , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 423-428
    • Larrick, E.1    Timmerman, T.2    Carton, A.3    Abrevaya, J.4
  • 68
    • 36148970503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better off stateless: Somalia before and after government collapse
    • Leeson, P. 2007. Better Off Stateless: Somalia Before and After Government Collapse. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4): 689-710.
    • (2007) Journal of Comparative Economics , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 689-710
    • Leeson, P.1
  • 69
    • 0026453793 scopus 로고
    • Traders, brokers and market crisis in Southern Somalia
    • Little, P. 1992. Traders, Brokers and Market Crisis in Southern Somalia. Africa 62 (1): 94-124.
    • (1992) Africa , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-124
    • Little, P.1
  • 70
    • 85011480397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflictive trade, contested identity: The effects of export markets on pastoralists of Southern Somalia
    • Little, P. 1996. Conflictive Trade, Contested Identity: The Effects of Export Markets on Pastoralists of Southern Somalia. African Studies Review 39 (1): 25-53.
    • (1996) African Studies Review , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-53
    • Little, P.1
  • 71
    • 17644372579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indian University Press
    • Little, P. 2003. Somalia: Economy without State. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indian University Press.
    • (2003) Somalia: Economy Without State
    • Little, P.1
  • 72
    • 33644869974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unofficial trade when states are weak: The case of cross-border commerce in the horn of Africa
    • United Nations University, Helsinki
    • Little, P. 2005. Unofficial Trade When States are Weak: The Case of Cross-border Commerce in the Horn of Africa. UNUWIDER Research Paper No. 2005/13, United Nations University, Helsinki.
    • (2005) UNUWIDER Research Paper No. 2005/13
    • Little, P.1
  • 73
    • 79960949654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate trends and global crop production since 1980
    • Lobell, D., W. Schlenker, and J. Costa-Roberts. 2011. Climate Trends and Global Crop Production Since 1980. Science 333 (6042): 616-620.
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , Issue.6042 , pp. 616-620
    • Lobell, D.1    Schlenker, W.2    Costa-Roberts, J.3
  • 74
    • 84872892535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errors in climate datasets and their effects on statistical crop models
    • Lobell, D. 2013. Errors in Climate Datasets and Their Effects on Statistical Crop Models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 170: 58-66.
    • (2013) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.170 , pp. 58-66
    • Lobell, D.1
  • 75
    • 6344265578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic wealth dynamics and risk management among a poor population
    • Lybbert, T., C. Barrett, S. Desta, and L. Coppock. 2004. Stochastic Wealth Dynamics and Risk Management among a Poor Population. Economic Journal 114 (498): 750-777.
    • (2004) Economic Journal , vol.114 , Issue.498 , pp. 750-777
    • Lybbert, T.1    Barrett, C.2    Desta, S.3    Coppock, L.4
  • 76
    • 84855905262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recent and abrupt decline in the East African long rains
    • Lyon, B., and G. De Witt. 2012. A Recent and Abrupt Decline in the East African Long Rains. Geophysical Research Letters 39 (2): L02702.
    • (2012) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.39 , Issue.2
    • Lyon, B.1    De Witt, G.2
  • 77
    • 0001187515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test
    • Maddala, G., and S. Wu. 1999. A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61 (S1): 631-652.
    • (1999) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 631-652
    • Maddala, G.1    Wu, S.2
  • 78
    • 84870230270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hidden dimensions of the somalia famine
    • Majid, N., and S. McDowell. 2012. Hidden Dimensions of the Somalia Famine. Global Food Security 1 (1): 36-42.
    • (2012) Global Food Security , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-42
    • Majid, N.1    McDowell, S.2
  • 80
    • 84902094639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineral resources and conflicts in the democratic republic of congo: A case of ecological fallacy?
    • DOI:10.1093/oep/gpt037
    • Maystadt J.-F., G. De Luca, P. Sekeris, and J. Ulimwengu. 2013. Mineral Resources and Conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Case of Ecological Fallacy? Oxford Economic Papers. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpt037.
    • (2013) Oxford Economic Papers
    • Maystadt, J.-F.1    De Luca, G.2    Sekeris, P.3    Ulimwengu, J.4
  • 81
    • 84870226592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2011 somalia famine: Context, causes, and complications
    • Maxwell, D., and M. Fitzpatrick. 2012. The 2011 Somalia Famine: Context, Causes, and Complications. Global Food Security 1 (1): 5-12.
    • (2012) Global Food Security , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-12
    • Maxwell, D.1    Fitzpatrick, M.2
  • 82
    • 33750024212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting the risk of asset loss: What role do livestock transfers in northern Kenya play?
    • McPeak, J. 2006. Confronting the Risk of Asset Loss: What Role Do Livestock Transfers in Northern Kenya Play? Journal of Development Economics 81 (2): 415-437.
    • (2006) Journal of Development Economics , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 415-437
    • McPeak, J.1
  • 83
    • 0034823254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential risk exposure and stochastic poverty traps among East African pastoralists
    • McPeak, J., and C. Barrett. 2001. Differential Risk Exposure and Stochastic Poverty Traps Among East African Pastoralists. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 83 (3): 674-679.
    • (2001) American Journal of Agricultural Economics , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 674-679
    • McPeak, J.1    Barrett, C.2
  • 84
    • 34548538391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental influences on pastoral conflict in the horn of Africa
    • Meier, P., D. Bond, and J. Bond. 2007. Environmental Influences on Pastoral Conflict in the Horn of Africa. Political Geography 26 (6): 716-735.
    • (2007) Political Geography , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 716-735
    • Meier, P.1    Bond, D.2    Bond, J.3
  • 86
    • 4544366642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic shocks and civil conflict: An instrumental variables approach
    • Miguel, E., S. Satyanath, and E. Sergenti. 2004. Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach. Journal of Political Economy 112 (4): 725-753.
    • (2004) Journal of Political Economy , vol.112 , Issue.4 , pp. 725-753
    • Miguel, E.1    Satyanath, S.2    Sergenti, E.3
  • 87
    • 20444471429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids
    • Mitchell, T., and P. Jones. 2005. An Improved Method of Constructing a Database of Monthly Climate Observations and Associated High-Resolution Grids. International Journal of Climatology 25 (6): 693-712.
    • (2005) International Journal of Climatology , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 693-712
    • Mitchell, T.1    Jones, P.2
  • 88
  • 89
    • 0036714702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Destocking as a drought-mitigation strategy: Clarifying rationales and answering critiques
    • Morton, J., and D. Barton. 2002. Destocking as a Drought-mitigation Strategy: Clarifying Rationales and Answering Critiques. Disasters 26 (3): 213-228.
    • (2002) Disasters , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-228
    • Morton, J.1    Barton, D.2
  • 90
    • 0031448267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hidden hand behind the resilience of the stateless economy of somalia
    • Mubarak, J. 1997. The Hidden Hand behind the Resilience of the Stateless Economy of Somalia. World Development 25 (12): 2027-2041.
    • (1997) World Development , vol.25 , Issue.12 , pp. 2027-2041
    • Mubarak, J.1
  • 91
    • 84905023867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (NASA POWER)
    • National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (NASA POWER). 2011. Agroclimatology - Daily Average Data. power.larc.nasa.gov.
    • (2011) Agroclimatology - Daily Average Data
  • 92
    • 0022832616 scopus 로고
    • The spatial coherence of African rainfall anomalies: Interhemispheric teleconnections
    • Nicholson, S. 1986. The Spatial Coherence of African Rainfall Anomalies: Interhemispheric Teleconnections. Journal of Applied Meteorology 25 (10): 1365-1381.
    • (1986) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 1365-1381
    • Nicholson, S.1
  • 93
    • 0027869189 scopus 로고
    • An overview of African rainfall fluctuations of the last decade
    • Nicholson, S. 1993. An Overview of African Rainfall Fluctuations of the Last Decade. Journal of Climate 6 (7): 1463-1466.
    • (1993) Journal of Climate , vol.6 , Issue.7 , pp. 1463-1466
    • Nicholson, S.1
  • 94
    • 84905023868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aiding conflict: The impact of U.S. Food aid on civil war
    • Forthcoming
    • Nunn, N., and N. Qian. Forthcoming. Aiding Conflict: The Impact of U.S. Food Aid on Civil War. American Economic Review.
    • American Economic Review
    • Nunn, N.1    Qian, N.2
  • 97
    • 0003255373 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological drought
    • Weather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC
    • Palmer, W. 1965. Meteorological Drought. Research Paper No. 45, Weather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.
    • (1965) Research Paper No. 45
    • Palmer, W.1
  • 99
    • 77955891475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introducing ACLED: An armed conflict location and event dataset
    • Raleigh, C., A. Linke, H. Hegre, and J. Karlsen. 2010. Introducing ACLED: An Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 47 (5): 1-10.
    • (2010) Journal of Peace Research , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 1-10
    • Raleigh, C.1    Linke, A.2    Hegre, H.3    Karlsen, J.4
  • 100
    • 82255171881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Come rain or shine: An analysis of climate and climate variability in East Africa
    • Raleigh, C., and D. Kniveton. 2012. Come Rain or Shine: An Analysis of Climate and Climate Variability in East Africa. Journal of Peace Research 49 (1): 51-64.
    • (2012) Journal of Peace Research , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-64
    • Raleigh, C.1    Kniveton, D.2
  • 102
    • 0027044312 scopus 로고
    • Destruction of state and society in Somalia: Beyond the tribal convention
    • Samatar, A. 1992. Destruction of State and Society in Somalia: Beyond the Tribal Convention. Journal of Modern African Studies 30 (4): 625-641.
    • (1992) Journal of Modern African Studies , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 625-641
    • Samatar, A.1
  • 103
    • 77950667427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust negative impacts of climate change on African agriculture
    • Schlenker, W., and D. Lobell. 2010. Robust Negative Impacts of Climate Change on African Agriculture. Environmental Research Letters 5 (1): 1-8.
    • (2010) Environmental Research Letters , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Schlenker, W.1    Lobell, D.2
  • 105
    • 84861821980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change impacts on animal husbandry in Africa: A ricardian analysis
    • World Bank, Washington, DC
    • Seo, S., and R. Mendelsohn. 2007. Climate Change Impacts on Animal Husbandry in Africa: A Ricardian Analysis. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4261, World Bank, Washington, DC.
    • (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4261
    • Seo, S.1    Mendelsohn, R.2
  • 106
    • 0032321572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food aid during conflict: Can one reconcile its humanitarian, economic, and political economy effects?
    • Stewart, F. 1998. Food Aid during Conflict: Can One Reconcile Its Humanitarian, Economic, and Political Economy Effects? American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80 (3): 560-565.
    • (1998) American Journal of Agricultural Economics , vol.80 , Issue.3 , pp. 560-565
    • Stewart, F.1
  • 108
    • 84857931879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UCDP geo-referenced event dataset (ged) codebook: Version 1.0
    • Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala
    • Sundberg, R., M. Lindgren, and A. Padskocimaite. 2011. UCDP Geo-Referenced Event Dataset (GED) Codebook: Version 1.0. Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    • (2011) Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP)
    • Sundberg, R.1    Lindgren, M.2    Padskocimaite, A.3
  • 109
    • 84856420618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate clashes? Weather variability, land pressure, and organized violence in Kenya, 1989-2004
    • Theisen, O. 2012. Climate Clashes? Weather Variability, Land Pressure, and Organized Violence in Kenya, 1989-2004. Journal of Peace Research 49 (1): 81-96.
    • (2012) Journal of Peace Research , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-96
    • Theisen, O.1
  • 110
    • 84904971751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time series (ts), version 3.1
    • University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit (UEA-CRU)
    • University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit (UEA-CRU). 2011. Time Series (TS), Version 3.1, High-Resolution Gridded Data. www.ceda.ac.uk.
    • (2011) High-Resolution Gridded Data
  • 112
    • 53849120549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household coping in war- and peacetime: Cattle sales in Rwanda, 1991-2001
    • Verpoorten, M. 2009. Household Coping in War- and Peacetime: Cattle Sales in Rwanda, 1991-2001. Journal of Development Economics 88 (1): 67-86.
    • (2009) Journal of Development Economics , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-86
    • Verpoorten, M.1
  • 113
    • 81455134303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A westward extension of the warm pool leads to a westward extension of the walker circulation, drying Eastern Africa
    • Williams, A., and C. Funk. 2011. A Westward Extension of the Warm Pool Leads to a Westward Extension of the Walker Circulation, Drying Eastern Africa. Climate Dynamics 37 (11-12): 2417-2435.
    • (2011) Climate Dynamics , vol.37 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 2417-2435
    • Williams, A.1    Funk, C.2
  • 114
    • 84868116775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent summer precipitation trends in the greater horn of Africa and the emerging role of Indian ocean sea surface temperature
    • Williams, A., C. Funk, J. Michaelsen, S. Rauscher, I. Robertson, T. Wils, M. Koprowski, Z. Eshetu, and N. Loader. 2012. Recent Summer Precipitation Trends in the Greater Horn of Africa and the Emerging Role of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature. Climate Dynamics 39 (9-10): 2307-2328.
    • (2012) Climate Dynamics , vol.39 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 2307-2328
    • Williams, A.1    Funk, C.2    Michaelsen, J.3    Rauscher, S.4    Robertson, I.5    Wils, T.6    Koprowski, M.7    Eshetu, Z.8    Loader, N.9
  • 116
    • 84868139543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somalia
    • World Factbook. 2011. Somalia. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/ the-worldfact book/index.html.
    • (2011) World Factbook


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.