Corneal collagen cross-linking: A review

Journal of Optometry

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 113-124

  O'Brart, David P S ^a  

^a ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Corneal collagen cross linking; Keratoconus

Indexed keywords

CROSS LINKING REAGENT; RIBOFLAVIN;

CORNEAL DISEASES; HUMAN; PHOTOTHERAPY; PROCEDURES;

CORNEAL DISEASES; CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS; HUMANS; RIBOFLAVIN; ULTRAVIOLET THERAPY;

EID: 84904023495     PISSN: 18884296     EISSN: 19891342     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2013.12.001     Document Type: Short Survey

References (139)

1. J.H. Krachmer, R.S. Feder, and M.W. Belin Keratoconus and related non-inflammatory corneal thinning disorders Surv Ophthalmol 28 1984 293 322
2. Y.S. Rabinowitz Keratoconus Surv Ophthalmol 42 1998 297 319
3. R.H. Kennedy, W.M. Bourne, and J.A. Dyer A 48-year clinical and epidemiological study of keratoconus Am J Ophthalmol 101 1986 267 273
4. S.M. Kymes, J.J. Walline, K. Zadnik, J. Sterling, and M.O. Gordon Changes in the quality of life of people with keratoconus Am J Ophthalmol 138 2004 527
5. W. Hammerstein Zur genetic des keratoconus Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 190 1974 293 308
6. L. Zhou, S. Sawaguchi, S.S. Twining, J. Sugar, R.S. Feder, and B.Y. Yue Expression of degradative enzymes and protease inhibitors in corneas with keratoconus Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 39 1998 1117 1124
7. T. Andreassen, A.H. Simonsen, and H. Oxlund Biomechanical properties of keratoconus and normal corneas Exp Eye Res 31 1980 435 441
8. I.C. Kuo, A. Broman, A. Pirouzmanesh, and M. Melia Is there an association between diabetes and keratoconus Ophthalmology 113 2006 184 190
9. A. Jinabhai, H. Radhakrishnan, and C. O'Donnell Pellucid corneal marginal degeneration: a review Cont Lens Anterior Eye 34 2011 56 63
10. M.S. Sridhar, S. Mahesh, A.K. Bansal, R. Nutheti, and G.N. Rao Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration Ophthalmology 111 2004 1102 1107
11. B.W. Lee, U.V. Jurkunas, M. Harissi-Dagher, A.M. Poothullil, F.M. Tobaigy, and D.T. Azar Ectatic disorders associated with a claw-shaped pattern on corneal topography Am J Ophthalmol 144 2007 154 156
12. T. Seiler, and A.W. Quurke Iatrogenic keratectasia after LASIK in a case of forme fruste keratoconus J Cataract Refract Surg 24 1998 1007 1009
13. J.B. Randleman, B. Russell, M.A. Ward, K.P. Thompson, and R.D. Stulting Risk factors and prognosis for corneal ectasia after LASIK Ophthalmology 110 2003 267 275
14. I.G. Pallikaris, G.D. Kymionis, and N.I. Astyrakakis Corneal ectasia induced by laser in situ keratomileusis J Cataract Refract Surg 27 2001 1796 1802
15. R.J. Duffey, and D. Leaming US trends in refractive surgery: 2004 ISRS/AAO survey J Refract Surg 21 2005 742 748
16. M.D. Twa, J.J. Nichols, and C.E. Joslin et al. Characteristics of corneal ectasia after LASIK for myopia Cornea 23 2004 447 457
17. J.B. Randleman, M. Woodward, M.J. Lynn, and R.D. Stulting Risk assessment for ectasia after corneal refractive surgery Ophthalmology 115 2008 37 50
18. S. Shaikh, N.M. Shaikh, and E. Manche Iatrogenic keratoconus as a complication of radial keratotomy J Cataract Refract Surg 28 2002 553 555
19. Y.S. Rabinowitz Ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis Curr Opin Ophthalmol 17 2006 421 426
20. R.B. Mandell, and Keratoconus R.B. Mandell, Contact Lens Practice 4th ed. 1988 Charles C. Thomas Springfield 824 849
21. C.M. Kirkness, L.A. Ficker, A.D. Steele, and N.S. Rice The success of penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus Eye 4 1990 673 688
22. E. Spoerl, M. Huhle, and T. Seiler Erhohung der Festigkeit der Horn haut durch Vernetzung Ophthalmologe 94 1997 902 906
23. E. Spoerl, M. Huhle, and T. Seiler Induction of cross-links in corneal tissue Exp Eye Res 66 1998 97 103
24. E. Spoerl, J. Schreiber, and K. Hellmund et al. Untersuchungen zur Verfestigung der Hornhaut am kaninchen Ophthalmologe 97 2000 203 206
25. G. Wollensak, E. Spoerl, and T. Seiler Riboflavin/ultraviolet-A-induced collagen cross-linking for the treatment of kertatoconus Am J Ophthalmol 135 2003 620 627
26. A.S. McCall, S. Kraft, and H.F. Edelhauser et al. Mechanisms of corneal tissue cross-linking in response to treatment with topical riboflavin and long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVA) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51 2010 129 138
27. S. Hayes, C.S. Kamma-Lorger, and C. Boote et al. The effect of riboflavin/UVA collagen cross-linking therapy on the structure and hydrodynamic behaviour of the ungulate and rabbit corneal stroma PLoS ONE 8 2013 e52860
28. G. Wollensak, E. Spoerl, and T. Seiler Stress-strain measurements of human and porcine cornea after riboflavin/ultraviolet-A-induced crosslinking J Cataract Refract Surg 29 2003 1780 1785
29. G. Wollensak, and E. Iomdina Long-term biomechanical properties of rabbit cornea after photodynamic collagen crosslinking Acta Ophthalmol 87 2009 48 51
30. M. Kohlhaas, E. Spoerl, T. Schilde, G. Unger, C. Wittig, and L.E. Pillunat Biomechanical evidence of the distribution of cross-links in corneas treated with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light J Cataract Refract Surg 3292 2006 279 283
31. E. Spoerl, G. Wollensak, D.D. Dittert, and T. Seiler Thermomechanical behavior of collagen-cross-linked porcine cornea Ophthalmologica 218 2004 136 140
32. E. Spoerl, G. Wollensak, and T. Seiler Increased resistance of cross linked cornea against enzymatic digestion Curr Eye Res 29 2004 35 40
33. Y. Zhang, X. Mao, T. Schwend, S. Littlechild, and G.W. Conrad Resistance of corneal RFUVA-cross-linked collagens and small leucine-rich proteoglycans to degradation by matrix metalloproteinases Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54 2013 1014 1025
34. G. Wollensak, M. Wilsch, E. Spoerl, and T. Seiler Collagen fiber diameter after riboflavin/UVA induced collagen-crosslinking in the rabbit cornea Cornea 23 2004 503 507
35. G. Wollensak, H. Aurich, D.T. Pham, and C. Wirbelauer Hydration behavior of porcine cornea crosslinked with riboflavin and ultraviolet A J Cataract Refract Surg 33 2007 516 521
36. S. Hayes, C. Boote, and C.S. Kamma-Lorger et al. Riboflavin/UVA collagen cross-linking-induced changes in normal and keratoconus corneal stroma PLoS ONE 6 2011 e22405
37. G. Wollensak, and B. Redl Gel electrophoretic analysis of corneal collagen after photodynamic cross-linking treatment Cornea 27 2008 353 356
38. G. Wollensak, E. Spoerl, F. Reber, and T. Seiler Keratocyte cytotoxicity of riboflavin/UVA-treatment in vitro Eye 18 2004 718 722
39. G. Wollensak, E. Sporl, F. Reber, L. Pillunat, and R. Funk Corneal endothelial cytotoxicity of riboflavin/UVA treatment in vitro Ophthalmic Res 35 2003 324 328
40. G. Wollensak, E. Spoerl, M. Wilsch, and T. Seiler Endothelial damage after riboflavin-ultraviolet-A treatment in the rabbit J Cataract Refract Surg 29 2003 1786 1790
41. E. Spoerl, M. Mrochen, and D. Sliney et al. Safety of UVA riboflavin cross-linking of the cornea Cornea 26 2007 385 389
42. E. Scnitzler, E. Sporl, and T. Seiler Crosslinking of the corneal collagen by UV radiation with riboflavin for the mode of treatment melting ulcer of the cornea, first results of four patients Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 217 2000 190 193
43. A. Caporossi, S. Baiocchi, and C. Mazzotta et al. Parasurgical therapy for keratoconus by riboflavin-ultraviolet type A rays induced cross-linking of the corneal collagen; preliminary refrac tive results in an Italian study J Cataract Refract Surg 32 2006 837 845
44. P. Vinciguerra, E. Albe, and S. Trazza et al. Refractive, topo graphic, tomographic, and abberometric analysis of keratoconic eyes undergoing corneal cross-linking Ophthalmology 116 2009 369 378
45. E. Coskunseven, M.R. Jankov 2nd, and F. Hafezi Contralateral eye study of corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and UVA radiation in patients with keratoconus J Refract Surg 25 2009 371 376
46. V.B. Agrawal Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet - a light for keratoconus: results in Indian eyes Indian J Ophthalmol 57 2009 111 114
47. M.C. Arbelaez, M.B. Sekito, C. Vidal, and S.R. Choudhury Collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in keratoconus: one-year results Oman J Ophthalmol 2 2009 33 38
48. P. Vinciguerra, E. Albè, S. Trazza, T. Seiler, and D. Epstein Intraoperative and postoperative effects of corneal collagen cross-linking on progressive keratoconus Arch Ophthalmol 127 2009 1258 1265
49. P. Fournié, S. Galiacy, J.L. Arné, and F. Malecaze Corneal collagen cross-linking with ultraviolet-A light and riboflavin for the treatment of progressive keratoconus J Fr Ophtalmol 32 2009 1 7
50. M.A. Henriquez, L. Izquierdo Jr., C. Bernilla, P.A. Zakrzewski, and M. Mannis Riboflavin/Ultraviolet A corneal collagen cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus: visual outcomes and Scheimpflug analysis Cornea 30 2011 281 286
51. D. Kampik, M. Koch, K. Kampik, and G. Geerling Corneal riboflavin/UV-A collagen cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconus: two-year results Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 228 2011 525 530
52. Y. Goldich, A.L. Marcovich, and Y. Barkana et al. Clinical and corneal biomechanical changes after collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and UV irradiation in patients with progressive keratoconus: results after 2 years of follow-up Cornea 31 2012 609 614
53. D. Asri, D. Touboul, and P. Fournié et al. Corneal collagen crosslinking in progressive keratoconus: multicenter results from the French National Reference Center for Keratoconus J Cataract Refract Surg 37 2011 2137 2143
54. P.S. Hersh, S.A. Greenstein, and K.L. Fry Corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia: one-year results J Cataract Refract Surg 37 2011 149 160
55. R. Arora, D. Gupta, J.L. Goyal, and P. Jain Results of corneal collagen cross-linking in pediatric patients J Refract Surg 28 2012 759 762
56. P. Vinciguerra, E. Albé, B.E. Frueh, S. Trazza, and D. Epstein Two-year corneal cross-linking results in patients younger than 18 years with documented progressive keratoconus Am J Ophthalmol 154 2012 520 526
57. A. Ivarsen, and J. Hjortdal Collagen cross-linking for advanced progressive keratoconus Cornea 32 2013 903 906
58. F. Hafezi, J. Kanellopoulos, R. Wiltfang, and T. Seiler Corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A to treat induced keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis J Cataract Refract Surg 33 2007 2035 2040
59. P. Vinciguerra, F.I. Camesasca, E. Albè, and S. Trazza Corneal collagen cross-linking for ectasia after excimer laser refractive surgery: 1-year results J Refract Surg 26 2010 486 497
60. J.P. Salgado, R. Khoramnia, C.P. Lohmann, and C. Winkler von Mohrenfels Corneal collagen crosslinking in post-LASIK keratectasia Br J Ophthalmol 95 2011 493 497
61. L. Spadea Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and UVA irradiation in pellucid marginal degeneration J Refract Surg 26 2010 375 377
62. Z. Hassan, G. Nemeth, L. Modis, E. Szalai, and A. Berta Collagen cross-linking in the treatment of pellucid marginal degeneration Indian J Ophthalmol 2013 [Epub ahead of print]
63. C. Wittig-Silva A randomized controlled trial of corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus; preliminary results J Refract Surg 24 2008 S720 S725
64. D.P. O'Brart, E. Chan, K. Samaras, P. Patel, and S.P. Shah A randomised, prospective study to investigate the efficacy of riboflavin/ultraviolet A (370 nm) corneal collagen cross-linkage to halt the progression of keratoconus Br J Ophthalmol 95 2011 1519 1524
65. A.J. Kanellopoulos, and P.S. Binder Management of corneal ectasia after LASIK with combined, same-day, topography-guided partial transepithelial PRK and collagen cross-linking: the Athens protocol J Refract Surg 27 2011 323 331
66. G.D. Kymionis, D.M. Portaliou, and V.F. Diakonis et al. Management of post laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia with simultaneous topography guided photorefractive keratectomy and collagen cross-linking Open Ophthalmol J 11 2011 11 13
67. R.R. Krueger, and A.J. Kanellopoulos Stability of simultaneous topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy and riboflavin/UVA cross-linking for progressive keratoconus: case reports J Refract Surg 26 2010 S827 S832
68. G. Alessio, M. L'abbate, C. Sborgia, and M.G. La Tegola Photorefractive keratectomy followed by cross-linking versus cross-linking alone for management of progressive keratoconus: two-year follow-up Am J Ophthalmol 155 2013 54 65
69. D.T. Lin, S. Holland, J.C. Tan, and G. Moloney Clinical results of topography-based customized ablations in highly aberrated eyes and keratoconus/ectasia with cross-linking J Refract Surg 28 11 Suppl. 2012 S841 S848
70. G. Labiris, A. Giarmoukakis, H. Sideroudi, M. Gkika, M. Fanariotis, and V. Kozobolis Impact of keratoconus, cross-linking and cross-linking combined with photorefractive keratectomy on self-reported quality of life Cornea 37 2012 734 739
71. G.D. Kymionis, D.M. Portaliou, and V.F. Diakonis et al. Posterior linear stromal haze formation after simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy followed by corneal collagen cross-linking Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51 2010 5030 5033
72. E. Coskunseven, M.R. Jankov 2nd, M.A. Grentzelos, A.D. Plaka, A.N. Limnopoulou, and G.D. Kymionis Topography-guided transepithelial PRK after intracorneal ring segments implantation and corneal collagen CXL in a three-step procedure for keratoconus J Refract Surg 29 2013 54 58
73. A. Ertan, H. Karacal, and G. Kamburoǧlu Refractive and topographic results of transepithelial cross-linking treatment in eyes with intacs Cornea 28 2009 719 723
74. C. Chan, M. Sharma, and B. Wachler Effect of inferior segment Intacs with and without C3-R on keratoconus J Cataract Refract Surg 33 2007 75 80
75. C. Renesto Ada, L.A. Melo Jr., F. Sartori Mde, and M. Campos Sequential topical riboflavin with or without ultraviolet a radiation with delayed intracorneal ring segment insertion for keratoconus Am J Ophthalmol 153 2012 982 993
76. A.J. Kanellopoulos Long-term safety and efficacy follow-up of prophylactic higher fluence collagen cross-linking in high myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis Clin Ophthalmol 6 2012 1125 1130
77. H.U. Celik, N. Alagöz, and Y. Yildirim et al. Accelerated corneal crosslinking concurrent with laser in situ keratomileusis J Cataract Refract Surg 38 2012 1424 1431
78. A.J. Kanellopoulos, and J. Kahn Topography-guided hyperopic LASIK with and without high irradiance collagen cross-linking: initial comparative clinical findings in a contralateral eye study of 34 consecutive patients J Refract Surg 28 11 Suppl. 2012 S837 S840
79. F. Raiskup-Wolf, A. Hoyer, E. Spoerl, and L.E. Pillunat Collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light in keratoconus: long term results J Cataract Refract Surg 34 2008 796 801
80. A. Caporossi, C. Mazzotta, S. Baiocchi, and T. Caporossi Long-term results of riboflavin ultraviolet a corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in Italy: the Siena eye cross study Am J Ophthalmol 149 2010 585 593
81. D.P. O'Brart, T.Q. Kwong, P. Patel, R.J. McDonald, and N.A. O'Brart Long-term follow-up of riboflavin/ultraviolet A (370 nm) corneal collagen cross-linking to halt the progression of keratoconus Br J Ophthalmol 97 2013 433 437
82. H. Hashemi, M.A. Seyedian, M. Miraftab, A. Fotouhi, and S. Asgari Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A irradiation for keratoconus: long-term results Ophthalmology 120 2013 1515 1520
83. O. Richoz, N. Mavrakanas, B. Pajic, and F. Hafezi Corneal collagen cross-linking for ectasia after LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy: long-term results Ophthalmology 120 2013 1354 1359
84. M.A. Javadi, B.F. Motlagh, and M.R. Jafarinasab et al. Outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus Cornea 24 2005 941 946
85. S. Verma, M.C. Corbett, and J. Marshall A prospective, randomized, double-masked trial to evaluate the role of topical anesthetics in controlling pain after photorefractive keratectomy Ophthalmology 102 1995 1918 1924
86. J.O. Croxatto, A.E. Tytiun, and C.J. Argento Sequential in vivo confocal microscopy study of corneal wound healing after cross-linking in patients with keratoconus J Refract Surg 24 2009 1 8
87. C. Mazzotta, A. Balestrazzi, and C. Traversi et al. Treatment of progressive keratoconus by riboflavin UVA induced cross linking of corneal collagen: ultrastructural analysis by Heidelberg retinal tomography II in vivo confocal microscopy in humans Cornea 26 2007 390 397
88. C. Mazzotta, A. Balestrazzi, and S. Baiocchi Stromal haze after combined riboflavin-UVA corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus: in vivo confocal microscopic evaluation Clin Exp Ophthalmol 35 2007 580 582
89. T. Seiler, and F. Hafezi Corneal cross-linking induced stromal demarcation line Cornea 25 2006 1057 1059
90. R. Mencucci, M. Marini, and I. Paladini et al. Effects of riboflavin/UVA corneal cross-linking on keratocytes and collagen fibres in human cornea Clin Exp Ophthalmol 38 2010 49 56
91. S. Akhtar, T. Almubrad, I. Paladini, and R. Mencucci Keratoconus corneal architecture after riboflavin/ultraviolet A cross-linking: ultrastructural studies Mol Vis 19 2013 1526 1537
92. E.M. Messmer, P. Meyer, and M.C. Herwig et al. Morphological and immunohistochemical changes after corneal cross-linking Cornea 32 2013 111 117
93. K.E. Samaras, and D.B. Lake Corneal collagen cross linking: a review Int Ophthalmol Clin 50 2010 89 100
94. A.J. Kanellopoulos Collagen cross-linking in early keratoconus with riboflavin in a femtosecond laser-created pocket: initial clinical results J Refract Surg 25 2009 1034 1037
95. S. Hayes, D.P. O'Brart, and L.S. Lamdin et al. An investigation into the importance of complete epithelial debridement prior to riboflavin/ultraviolet A (UVA) corneal collagen cross-linkage therapy J Cataract Refract Surg 34 2008 557 561
96. K. Samaras, D.P.S. O'Brart, J. Doutch, S. Hayes, J. Marshall, and K. Meek Effect of epithelial retention and removal on riboflavin absorption in porcine corneas J Refract Surg 25 2009 771 775
97. ® (Riboflavin 0.1% with trometamol and sodium EDTA) using spectrophotometry J Cataract Refract Surg 38 2012 884 889
98. F. Raiskup, R. Pinelli, and E. Spoerl Riboflavin osmolar modification for transepithelial corneal cross-linking Curr Eye Res 37 2012 234 238
99. A. Kissner, E. Spoerl, R. Jung, K. Spekl, L.E. Pillunat, and F. Raiskup Pharmacological modification of the epithelial permeability by benzalkonium chloride in UVA/riboflavin corneal collagen cross-linking Curr Eye Res 35 2010 715 721
100. M. Filippello, E. Stagni, and D. O'Brart Trans-epithelial corneal collagen cross-linking: a bilateral, prospective study J Cataract Refract Surg 38 2012 283 291
101. A. Magli, R. Forte, A. Tortori, L. Capasso, G. Marsico, and E. Piozzi Epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking versus transepithelial cross-linking for pediatric keratoconus Cornea 32 2013 597 601
102. C. Koppen, K. Wouters, D. Mathysen, J. Rozema, and M.J. Tassignon Refractive and topographic results of benzalkonium chloride-assisted transepithelial crosslinking J Cataract Refract Surg 38 2012 1000 1005
103. A. Leccisotti, and T. Islam Transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus J Refract Surg 26 2010 942 948
104. L. Buzzonetti, and G. Petrocelli Transepithelial corneal cross-linking in pediatric patients: early results J Refract Surg 28 2012 763 767
105. G. Bikbova, and M. Bikbov Transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking by iontophoresis of riboflavin Acta Ophthalmol 92 2014 e30 e34
106. R. Lamy, E. Chan, H. Zhang, V.A. Salgaonkar, S.D. Good, T.C. Porco, C.J. Diederich, and J.M. Stewart Ultrasound-enhanced penetration of topical riboflavin into the corneal stroma Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54 2013 5908 5912
107. K.M. Bottos, A.G. Oliveira, P.A. Bersanetti, R.F. Nogueira, A.A. Lima-Filho, J.A. Cardillo, P. Schor, and W. Chamon Corneal absorption of a new riboflavin-nanostructured system for transepithelial collagen cross-linking PLoS ONE 8 2013 e66408
108. C. Ostacolo, C. Caruso, and D. Tronino et al. Enhancement of corneal permeation of riboflavin-5′-phosphate through vitamin E TPGS: a promising approach in corneal trans-epithelial cross linking treatment Int J Pharm 440 2013 148 153
109. I.M. Beshtawi, R. Akhtar, and M.C. Hillarby et al. Biomechanical properties of human corneas following low- and high-intensity collagen cross-linking determined with scanning acoustic microscopy Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54 2013 5273 5280
110. S. Schumacher, L. Oeftiger, and M. Mrochen Equivalence of biomechanical changes induced by rapid and standard corneal cross-linking, using riboflavin and ultraviolet radiation Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52 2011 9048 9052
111. J. Wernli, S. Schumacher, E. Spoerl, and M. Mrochen The efficacy of corneal cross-linking shows a sudden decrease with very high intensity UV light and short treatment time Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54 2013 1176 1180
112. Y. CInar, A.K. Cingü, and F.M. Turkcu et al. Accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive keratoconus Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2013 http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15569527.2013.816724
113. A.J. Kanellopoulos Long term results of a prospective randomized bilateral eye comparison trial of higher fluence, shorter duration ultraviolet A radiation, and riboflavin collagen cross linking for progressive keratoconus Clin Ophthalmol 6 2012 97 101
114. F. Raiskup, and E. Spoerl Corneal cross-linking with hypo-osmolar riboflavin solution in thin keratoconic corneas Am J Ophthalmol 152 2011 28 32
115. B.A. Nassaralla, D.M. Vieira, M.L. Machado, M.N. Figueiredo, and J.J. Nassaralla Jr. Corneal thickness changes during corneal collagen cross-linking with UV-A irradiation and hypo-osmolar riboflavin in thin corneas Arq Bras Oftalmol 76 2013 155 158
116. G.D. Kymionis, D.M. Portaliou, V.F. Diakonis, G.A. Kounis, S.I. Panagopoulou, and M.A. Grentzelos Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A irradiation in patients with thin corneas Am J Ophthalmol 153 2012 24 28
117. F. Hafezi Limitation of collagen cross-linking with hypoosmolar riboflavin solution: failure in an extremely thin cornea Cornea 30 2011 917 919
118. L. Spadea, and R. Mencucci Transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking in ultrathin keratoconic corneas Clin Ophthalmol 6 2012 1785 1792
119. K.M. Rocha, J.C. Ramos-Esteban, and Y. Qian et al. Comparative study of riboflavin-UVA cross-linking and flash-linking using wave elastometry J Refract Surg 24 2008 S748 S751
120. D. Paik, Q. Wen, and R.E. Braunstein et al. Initial studies using aliphatic β-nitro alcohols for therapeutic corneal cross linking Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50 2009 1098 1105
121. D. Cherfan, E.E. Verter, and S. Melki et al. Collagen cross-linking using rose bengal and green light to increase corneal stiffness Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54 2013 3426 3433
122. F. Raiskup, A. Hoyer, and E. Spoerl Permanent corneal haze after riboflavin UVA induced cross-linking in keratoconus J Refract Surg 25 2009 S824 S828
123. T. Koller, M. Mrochen, and T. Seiler Complication and failure rates after corneal crosslinking J Cataract Refract Surg 35 2009 1358 1362
124. C. Koppen, J.C. Vryghem, L. Gobin, and M.J. Tassignon Keratitis and corneal scarring after UVA/riboflavin cross-linking for keratoconus J Refract Surg 25 2009 S819 S823
125. P. Eberwein, C. Auw-Hädrich, F. Birnbaum, P.C. Maier, and T. Reinhard Corneal melting after cross-linking and deep lamellar keratoplasty in a keratoconus patient Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 225 2008 96 98
126. P. Rama, F. Di Matteo, and S. Matuska et al. Acanthamoeba keratitis with perforation after corneal crosslinking and bandage contact lens use J Cataract Refract Surg 35 2009 788 791
127. M. Pollhammer, and C. Cursiefen Bacterial keratitis early after corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A J Cataract Refract Surg 35 2009 588 589
128. J. Perez Santonja, A. Artola, and J. Javaloy et al. Microbial keratitis after corneal collagen crosslinking J Cataract Refract Surg 35 2009 1138 1140
129. A. Sharma, J.M. Nottage, K. Mirchia, R. Sharma, K. Mohan, and V.S. Nirankari Persistent corneal edema after collagen cross-linking for keratoconus Am J Ophthalmol 154 2012 922 926
130. B. Bagga, S. Pahuja, S. Murthy, and V.S. Sangwan Endothelial failure after collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and UV-A: case report with literature review Cornea 31 2012 1197 1200
131. R.R. Krueger, J.C. Ramos-Esteban, and A.J. Kanellopoulos Staged intrastromal delivery of riboflavin with UVA cross-linking in advanced bullous keratopathy: laboratory investigation and first clinical case J Refract Surg 24 2008 S730 S736
132. G. Wollensak, H. Aurich, C. Wirbelauer, and D.T. Pham Potential use of riboflavin/UVA cross-linking in bullous keratopathy Ophthalmic Res 41 2009 114 117
133. R.C. Ghanem, M.R. Santhiago, T.B. Berti, S. Thomaz, and M.V. Netto Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A in eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy J Cataract Refract Surg 36 2010 273 276
134. H.P. Iseli, M.A. Thiel, F. Hafezi, J. Kampmeier, and T. Seiler Ultraviolet A/riboflavin corneal cross-linking for infectious keratitis associated with corneal melts Cornea 27 2008 590 594
135. L. Müller, M.A. Thiel, A.I. Kipfer-Kauer, and C. Kaufmann Corneal cross-linking as supplementary treatment option in melting keratitis: a case series Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 229 2012 411 415
136. K. Makdoumi, J. Mortensen, and S. Crafoord Infectious keratitis treated with corneal crosslinking Cornea 29 2010 1353 1358
137. J.L. Alio, A. Abbouda, D.D. Valle, J.M. Del Castillo, and J.A. Fernandez Corneal cross linking and infectious keratitis: a systematic review with a meta-analysis of reported cases J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 3 2013 47
138. F. Famose Evaluation of accelerated collagen cross-linking for the treatment of melting keratitis in eight dogs Vet Ophthalmol 2013
139. A. Hellander-Edman, K. Makdoumi, J. Mortensen, and B. Ekesten Corneal cross-linking in 9 horses with ulcerative keratitis BMC Vet Res 9 2013 128