Keratoconus

Survey of Ophthalmology

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 297-319

  Rabinowitz, Yaron S ^a,b  

^a BURNS AND ALLEN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Collagen genes; Contact lenses; Corneal thinning disorder; Genetics keratoconus; Penetrating keratoplasty; Segregation analysis; Videokeratography

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN; ENZYME; GENE PRODUCT; INTERLEUKIN 1; IRON; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; CONTACT LENS; CORNEA TRANSPLANTATION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EPIKERATOPLASTY; EXCIMER LASER; GENE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; KERATECTOMY; KERATOCONUS; KERATOMETRY; KERATOSCOPY; MOLECULAR GENETICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; SLIT LAMP; SPECTACLES; TOPOGRAPHY;

CORNEA; CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; KERATOCONUS; PEDIGREE; PROGNOSIS;

EID: 0031914254     PISSN: 00396257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0039-6257(97)00119-7     Document Type: Review

References (165)

1. Abelson MB, Collin HB, Gillete TE, Dohlman CH Recurrent keratoconus after keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 90:1980;672-676.
2. Alstrom CH, Olson O Heredo-retinopathia congenitalis. Monohybride recessiva autosomalis. Hereditas Genttiskt. 43:1957;1-177.
3. Amsler M Le keratocone fruste au javal. Ophthalmologica. 96:1938;77-83.
4. Amsler M Keratocone classique et keratocone fruste, arguments unitaires. Ophthalmologica. 111:1946;96-101.
5. Archer DB, Sharma NK Irido-corneal dysgenesis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 98:1978;510.
6. Austin MG, Schaefer RF Marfan's syndrome with unusual blood vessel manifestations. Arch Pathol. 64:1957;204-209.
7. Beardsley TL, Foulks GN An association of keratoconus and mitral valve prolapse. Ophthalmology. 89:1982;35-37.
8. Beckh U, Schonherr U, Naumann GO Augenklinik mit Poliklinik, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg. Autosomal dominant keratoconus as the chief ocular symptom in Lobstein osteogesis imperfecta tarda. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 206:1995;268-272.
9. 2 and collagen synthesis in keratoconus fibroblasts associated with an increase of interleukin-1 alpha receptor number. CR Acad Sci, Paris. 316(III):1993;425-430.
10. Bisaria KK Bilateral keratoconus with ocular hypertension and the natural cure of one eye. J All India Ophthalmol Soc. 15:1967;197-199.
11. Blair SD, Seabrooks D, Shields JWet al. Bilateral progressive essential iris atrophy and keratoconus with coincident features of posterior polymorphous dystrophy. a case report and proposed pathogenesis Cornea. 11:1992;255-261.
12. Blanksma LJ, Donders PC, Van Voorst Vander PC Xeroderma Pigmentosum and keratoconus. Doc Ophthalmol. 64:1986;97-103.
13. Brenner S, Nemet P, Legum C Jadasohn-type anetoderma in association with keratoconus and cataract. Ophthalmologica. 174:1977;181-184.
14. Bron A, Rabinowitz YS Corneal dystrophies and keratoconus. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 7:1996;71-82.
15. Brown IA Ankyloblepharon associated with keratoconus. Br J Ophthalmol. 51:1967;138-139.
16. Buiuc S, Beschea G, Jaobleceastai L, Dimitriu G A case of bilateral posterior lenticonus associated with keratoconus. Rev Chir Oftalmol. 22:1978;299-300.
17. Buxton JN Contact lenses in keratoconus. Contact Intraocular Lens Med J. 4:1978;74.
18. Buxton JN, Keates RH, Hoefle FB The contact lens correction of keratoconus. Diabezes OH Contact Lenses. 1984;Grune and Stratton, The CLAO Guide to Basic Science and Clinical Practice. Orlando.
19. Buzard KA, Fundingsland BR Cornea transplants for keratoconus. Results in early and late disease. J Refract Surg. 23:1997;398-496.
20. Byers PH Disorders of collagen biosynthesis and structure. Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease. 7:1995;4029-4077 McGraw Hill, New York.
21. Cantor RM, Rotter JI: Analysis of genetic data: methods and interpretation, in King RA, Rotter JI, Motulsky AG (eds): The Genetic Basis of Common Diseases. 1992, pp 49-70.
22. Cavara V Keratoglobus and keratoconus. Br J Ophthalmol. 34:1950;621.
23. Conneally PM, Rivas ML Linkage analysis in man. Adv Hum Genet. 10:1980;209-266.
24. Cullen JF, Butler HG Mongolism (Down's Syndrome) and keratoconus. Br J Ophthalmol. 47:1963;321-330.
25. Donaldson DD A new instrument for keratography. Arch Ophthalmol. 88:1972;425-428.
26. Driver PJ, Reed JW, David RM Familial cases of keratoconus associated with posterior polymorphous dystrophy (letter). Am J Ophthalmol. 118:1994;256-257.
27. Duke-Elder S, Leigh AG System of ophthalmology. Diseases of the outer eye, Vol 8. 1965;Henry Kimpton, London. pp 964-976.
28. Durand L, Monot JP, Burillon C, Assi A Radial keratotomy in a patient with keratoconus. Refract Corneal Surg. 7:1991;374-376.
29. Eiferman RA, Law MW, Lane L Iridoschisis and keratoconus. Cornea. 13:1994;78-79.
30. Elder MJ Leber congenital amaurosis and its association with keratoconus and keratoglobus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 31:1994;38-40.
31. Elston RC Segregation analysis. Adv Hum Genet. 11:1981;63-120.
32. Enoch E, Itzahki A, Lakshminarayanan Vet al. Visual field defects detected in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. preliminary report Int Ophthalmol. 13:1989;331-344.
33. Etzine S Conical cornea in identical twins. S Afr Med J. 28:1954;154-155.
34. Falls HF, Allen W Dominantly inherited keratoconus. Report of a family. J Genet Hum. 17:1969;317.
35. Franceschetti A: Keratoconus, in King JH, McTigue JW (eds): The Cornea. World Congress. Washington, Butterworths, 1965, pp 152-168.
36. Francois J: Afflictions of the cornea, in Francois J (ed): Heredity in Ophthalmology. St Louis, CV Mosby, 297-298, 1961.
37. Francois J, Neetens A, Smets RM Bardet-Biedl syndrome and keratoconus. Bull Soc Ophthalmol. 203:1982;117-121.
38. Frasca G, Belmonte M: Neurocutaneous angiomatosis and keratoconus. A new syndrome entity? Riv Otoneurooftalmol 41:119-130, 1966.
39. Freedman J, Gombos GM Bilateral macular coloboma, keratoconus and retinitis pigmentosa. Ann Ophthalmol. 3:1971;664-665.
40. Filip O, Golu T, Filip Iet al. Keratoconus in Albers-Schonberg disease. Oftalmologia. 38:1994;247-251.
41. Fukuchi T, Yue B, Sugar J, Lam S Lysosomal enzyme activities in conjunctival tissues of patients with keratoconus. Arch Ophthalmol. 112:1994;1368-1374.
42. Gasset AR, Houde WI, Garcia-Bengochea H Contact lens wear as an environmental risk in keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 85:1978;339-341.
43. Gasset AR, Worthen DM Keratoconus and Chandler's syndrome. Ann Ophthalmol. 6:1974;819-820.
44. Geerarts WJ Ocular Syndromes. 1969;Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. ed 2.
45. Girard LJ, Esnaola N, Rao Ret al. Use of grafts smaller than the opening for keratoconic myopia and astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 18:1992;380-384.
46. Gonzalez V, McDonnell PJ Computer-assisted corneal topography of parents in patients with keratoconus. Arch Ophthalmol. 110:1992;1413-1414.
47. Gormley DJ, Gersten M, Koplin RS, Lubkin V Corneal modeling. Cornea. 7:1988;30.
48. Grayson M, Keates RH Manual of diseases of the cornea. 1969;Little Brown, Boston. ed 1.
49. Greenfield G, Romano A, Stein R, Goodman RM Blue sclerae and keratoconus. Key features of a distinct heritable disorder of connective tissue. Clin Genet. 4:1973;8-16.
50. Hallerman W, Wilson EJ Genetische betrachtungen uber den keratoconus. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 170:1977;906-908.
51. Hammerstien W Zur genetik des keratoconus. Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol. 190:1974;293-308.
52. Hannush SB, Crawford SL, Waring GO IIIet al. Accuracy and precision of keratometry, photokeratoscopy, and corneal modeling on calibrated steel balls. Arch Ophthalmol. 107:1989;1235-1239.
53. Hartstien J Keratoconus that developed in patients wearing corneal contact lenses. Arch Ophthalmol. 80:1968;345-346.
54. Hoang-Xuan T, Elmaleh C, Dhermy Pet al. Association of a lattice dystrophy and keratoconus. anatomo-clinical study apropos of a case Bull Soc Ophthalmol Fr. 89:1989;35-38.
55. Hofstetter H A keratoscopic survey of 13,395 eyes. Am J Optom Acad Optom. 36:1959;3-11.
56. Ihalainen A Clinical and epidemiological features of keratoconus. genetic and external factors in the pathogenesis of the disease Acta Ophthalmol. 178(Suppl):1986;5-64.
57. Iwaszkiewicz E Keratoconus. II. Coexisting diseases and theories on its etiology and pathogenesis. Klin Oczna. 91:1989;210-211.
58. Judisch GF, Waziri M, Krachmer J Ocular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with normal lysyl hydroxylase activity. Arch Ophthalmol. 94:1976;1489.
59. Kayazawa F, Nishimura K, Kodama Yet al. Keratoconus with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 102:1984;895-896.
60. Kennedy RH, Bourne WM, Dyer JA A 48-year clinical and epidemiologic study of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 101:1986;267-273.
61. Kenney MC, Chwa M, Opbroek AJet al. Increased gelatinolytic activity in keratoconus keratocyte cultures. A correlation to an altered matrix metalloproteinase-2/tissue inhibitor of metaloproteinase ratio. Cornea. 13:1994;108-113.
62. Kirkham TH, Werner EB The ophthalmic manifestations of Rothmund's syndrome. Can J Ophthalmol. 10:1975;1-14.
63. Klintworth GK Degenerations, depositions and miscellaneous reactions of the ocular anterior segment. Garner A, Klintworth GK Pathobiology of Ocular Disease. A Dynamic Approach 2:1994;743-794 Marcel Dekker, New York.
64. Klintworth GK, Damms T Corneal dystrophies and keratoconus. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 6:1995;44-56.
65. Klyce SD Computer-assisted corneal topography. High resolution graphic presentation and analysis of keratoscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 25:1984;1426-1435.
66. Krachmer JH, Feder RS, Belin MW Keratoconus and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders. Surv Ophthalmol. 28:1984;293-322.
67. Kremer I, Eagle RC, Rapuano CJ, Laibson PR Histologic evidence of recurrent keratoconus seven years after keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 119:1995;511-512.
68. Kremer I, Martini AM, Cohen EJ Keratoconus associated with ectodermal and mesodermal anomalies (letter). CLAO J. 18:1992;141.
69. Kumig BS, Joffe L Ehlers-Danlos syndrome associated with keratoconus. S Afr Med J. 52:1977;403-405.
70. Lass JH, Stocker EG, Fritz ME, Collie DM Epikeratoplasty. The surgical correction of aphakia, myopia, and keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 94:1987;912-925.
71. Lee LR, Hirst LW, Readshaw G Clinical detection of unilateral keratoconus. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 23:1995;129-133.
72. Levene JR An evaluation of the handheld keratoscope as a diagnostic instrument for corneal astigmatism. Br J Physiol Opt. 19:1962;237-251.
73. Lipman RM, Rubenstein JB, Torczynski E Keratoconus and Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy in a patient and her family. Arch Ophthalmol. 108:1990;993-994.
74. Lorfel RS, Sugar HS Keratoconus associated with retrolental fibroplasia. Ann Ophthalmol. 8:1976;449-450.
75. Lund AM: The Angelman syndrome. Does the phenotype depend on maternal inheritance? Ugeskr Laeger 153:1993-1998, 1991.
76. Maeda N, Klyce SD, Smolek MK, Thompson HW Automated keratoconus screening with corneal topography analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 35:1994;2749-2757.
77. Maeda N, Klyce SD, Smolek MK Comparison of methods for detecting keratoconus using videokeratography. Arch Ophthalmol. 113:1995;870-874.
78. Maguire LJ, Bourne W Corneal topography of early keratoconus. Am J Opthalmol. 108:1989;107-112.
79. Maguire LJ, Klyce SD, McDonald ME, Kaufmann HE Corneal topography of pellucid marginal degeneration. Ophthalmology. 94:1987;519-524.
80. Maguire LJ, Meyer RF: Ectatic corneal degenerations, in Kaufman H (ed): The Cornea. 1988, pp 485-510.
81. Maguire LJ, Wilson SE, Camp JJ, Verity S Evaluating the reproducibility of topography systems on spherical surfaces. Arch Ophthalmol. 111:1993;259-262.
82. Mammilis N, Montgomery S, Anderson Cet al. Radial keratotomy in a patient with keratoconus. Refract Corneal Surg. 7:1991;374-376.
83. McKusick VA: Heritable Diseases of Connective Tissue. St Louis, CV Mosby, 1966, ed 3.
84. McKusick VA Inherited disorders of connective tissue. Harrison TR Principles of Internal Medicine. 7:1974;2015-2020 McGraw Hill, New York.
85. Merlin U, Cantera E: Corneal topography, in Burrato L (ed): The Clinical Atlas thoroughfare, New Jersey, Slack, 1996, pp 9-93.
86. Mortensen J, Ohrstrom A Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for treatment of keratoconus. J Refract Corneal Surg. 10:1994;368-372.
87. Morton NE: Segregation analysis, in Computer Applications in Genetics, Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, 1969, pp 129-139.
88. Negris R Floppy eyelid syndrome associated with keratoconus. J Am Optom Assoc. 63:1992;316-319.
89. Nesburn AB, Bahri S, Salz Jet al. Keratoconus detected by videokeratography in candidates for photorefractive keratectomy. J Refract Surg. 11:1995;194-201.
90. Nirankari VS, Karesh J, Bastion Fet al. Recurrence of keratoconus in a donor cornea 22 years after successful keratoplasty. Br J Ophthalmol. 67:1983;32.
91. Nucci P, Brancato R Keratoconus and congenital hip dysplasia (letter). Am J Ophthalmol. 111:1991;775-776.
92. Nucci P, Trabucchi G, Brancato R Keratoconus and Turner's syndrome. a case report Optom Vis Sci. 68:1991;407-408.
93. Opbroek A, Kenney MC, Brown D Characterization of a human corneal metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP-1). Curr Eye Res. 12:1993;877-883.
94. Parker J, Ko W, Pavlopoulos Get al. Videokeratography of keratoconus in monozygotic twins. J Refract Surg. 12:1996;180-183.
95. Peduzzi MD, Torlai F, Delvecchio G Bilateral pigmented retinopathy following measles. long term follow up and possible association with keratoconus Eur J Ophthalmol. 1:1991;148-150.
96. Perlman JM, Zaidman GW Bilateral keratoconus in Crouzon's syndrome. Cornea. 13:1994;80-81.
97. Perry HD, Buxton JN, Fine BS Round and oval cones in keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 87:1980;905-909.
98. Price FW, Whitson WE, Marks RG Graft survival in four common groups of patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty. Ophthalmology. 98:1991;322-328.
99. Rabinowitz YS Tangential vs sagittal videokeratographs in the "early" detection of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 122:1996;888-889.
100. Rabinowitz YS Videokeratographic indices to aid in screening for keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 11:1995;371-379.
101. Rabinowitz YS, Garbus JJ, Garbus C, McDonnell PJ Contact lens selection for keratoconus using a computer-assisted videophotokeratoscope. CLAO J. 17:1991;88-93.
102. Rabinowitz YS, Garbus J, McDonnell PJ Computer-assisted corneal topography in family members of keratoconus. Arch Ophthalmol. 108:1990;365-371.
103. Rabinowitz YS, Klyce SD, Krachmer JHet al. Videokeratography, keratoconus, and refractive surgery. Opinions. Refract Corneal Surg. 5:1992;403-407.
104. Rabinowitz YS, McDonnell PJ Computer-assisted corneal topography in keratoconus. Refract Corneal Surg. 5:1989;400-406.
105. Rabinowitz YS, Maumenee IH, Lundergan MKet al. Molecular genetic analysis in autosomal dominant keratoconus. Cornea. 11:1992;302-308.
106. Rabinowitz YS, Nesburn AB, McDonnell PJ Videokeratography of the fellow eye in unilateral keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 100:1993;181-186.
107. Rabinowitz YS, Riley C, Yang Het al. Videokeratography studies of keratoconus parents (abstract). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 36(Suppl):1995;S308.
108. Rabinowitz YS, Wilson SE, Klyce SD Corneal Topography. Interpreting Videokeratography:1993;Tokyo, New York. Igaku Shoin.
109. Rabinowitz YS, Yang H, Akkina Jet al. Videokeratography of normal human corneas. Br J Ophthalmol. 80:1996;610-616.
110. Rabinowitz YS, Yang H, Elashoff J, Rotter J The KI-SA% index. a quantitative new videokeratography algorithm embodying minimal topographic criteria for diagnosing keratoconus and "suspects" (abstract) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 37(Suppl):1996;S910.
111. Rabinowitz YS, Yang H, Elashoff J, Rotter J: Familiality in keratoconus and related topographic measures. Proceedings of the World Congress of the Cornea IV (Abstract). Abstract Book. VIII Keratoconus, 1996, p 2.
112. Rabinowitz YS, Yang H, Elashoff J, Rotter J Videokeratography indicators of "early" keratoconus (abstract). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 34(Suppl):1993;S1218.
113. Rabinowitz YS, Yang H, Elashoff J, Rotter J: Videokeratography and pachymetry studies in keratoconus (abstract). Ophthalmology (Suppl):67, 1993.
114. Rahi A, Davies P, Ruben Met al. Keratoconus and coexisting atopic disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 61:1977;761.
115. Rau S, Duncker GI Keratoconus in Mulvihill-Smith syndrome. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 205:1994;44-46.
116. Redmond KB The role of heredity in keratoconus. Trans Ophthalmol Soc. 27:1968;52-54.
117. Ricci B, Lepore D, Iossa Met al. Ocular anomalies in Alagille's syndrome (Anomalies oculaires dans le syndrome d'Alagille). J Fr Ophthalmol. 14:1991;481-485.
118. Robertson I Keratoconus and Ehlers Danlos syndrome. A new aspect of keratoconus. Med J Aust. 1:1975;571-573.
119. Rose NJ, Mackay K, Byers PH, Dalgleish R A Gly238Ser substitution in the alpha 2 chain of type I collagen results in osteogenesis imperfecta type III. Hum Genet. 95:1995;215-218.
120. Rosenthal P, Cotter JM Clinical performance of a spline-based apical vaulting keratoconus corneal contact lens design. CLAO J. 21:1995;42-46.
121. Rowsey JJ, Reynolds AE, Brown R Corneal topography. Corneascope. Arch Ophthalmol. 99:1981;1093-1100.
122. Sassani JW, Smith SG, Rabinowitz YS Keratoconus and bilateral lattice-granular corneal dystrophies. Cornea. 11:1992;343-350.
123. Sawagamuchi S, Twinning SS, Yue BYet al. Alpha 2 macroglobulin levels in normal human and keratoconus corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 35:1994;4008-4014.
124. Sawagamuchi S, Yue BYT, Sugar J, Giljoy JE Lysosomal abnormalities in keratoconus. Arch Ophthalmol. 107:1989;1507-1510.
125. Schanzlin DJ, Samo EM, Robin JB Crescentic lamellar keratoplasty in pellucid marginal degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 96:1983;253.
126. Schwartz DE Noonan's syndrome associated with ocular abnormalities. Am J Ophthalmol. 73:1972;955-960.
127. Sczhotka L, Rabinowitz YS, Yang H The influence of contact lens wear on the topography of keratoconus. CLAO J. 22:1996;270-273.
128. Shammas HJ, McGaughey AS Retinal disinsertion syndrome. report of a case J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 16:1979;284-286.
129. Shapiro MB, France T The ocular features of Down's syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 99:1985;659.
130. Sharif KW, Casey TA, Colart J Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in keratoconus patients. J R Soc Med. 85:1992;446-448.
131. Sharif KW, Casey TA Penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. complications and long term success Br J Ophthalmol. 75:1991;142-146.
132. Shows TB, Sakaguchi AY, Naylor SL Mapping the human genome, cloned genes, DNA polymorphisms, and inherited disease. Adv Hum Genet. 12:1982;341-468.
133. Smiddy WE, Hamburg TR, Kracher GP, Stark WJ: Keratoconus. Contact lens or keratoplasty? Ophthalmology 95:487-492, 1988.
134. Smith VA, Hoh VB, Littleton L, Easty DL Overexpression of gelatinase A activity in keratoconus. Eye. 9:1995;429-433.
135. Smolin G Dystrophies and degenerations. Smolin G, Thoft RA The Cornea. Scientific Foundations and Clinical Practice 2:1987;448-449 Little, Brown, Boston.
136. Stokes DW, Parrish CM Axenfeld's anomaly associated with Down's syndrome. Cornea. 11:1992;163-164.
137. Stone DL, Kenyon KR, Stark WJ Ultrastructure of keratoconus with healed hydrops. Am J Ophthalmol. 82:1976;450-458.
138. Street DA, Vinokur ET, Waring GO IIIet al. Lack of association between keratoconus, mitral valve prolapse and joint hypermobility. Ophthalmology. 98:1991;170-176.
139. Thalasselis A, Selim AA Keratoconus-tetany-menopause. the new association Optom Vis Sci. 68:1991;357-363.
140. Thompson JS, Thompson MW Twins in medical genetics in genetics in medicine. 1986;Saunders, Philadelphia, WB.
141. Tiller G, Cohn D, Rabinowitz Y S Linkage analysis in familial keratoconus (abstract). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 33(Suppl):1992;S793.
142. Tretter T, Rabinowitz YS, Yang Het al. Aetiological factors in keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 102(Suppl):1995;156.
143. Tuft SJ, Buckley RJ Iris ischaemia following penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus (Urets-Zavalia syndrome). Cornea. 14:1995;618-622.
144. Tuft SJ, Fitzke FW, Buckley RJ Myopia following penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. Br J Ophthalmol. 76:1992;642-645.
145. Tuft SJ, Gregory WM, Davidson CR Bilateral penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 102:1995;462-468.
146. Tuft SJ, Moodaley LC, Gregory WMet al. Prognostic factors of progression to keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 101:1994;439-447.
147. Verrey F Keratoglobe aigu. Ophthalmologica. 114:1947;284.
148. Wachmeister L, Ingemannsson SO, Moller E Atopy and HLA antigens in patients with keratoconus. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 60:1982;113.
149. Waller SG, Steinert RF, Wagoner MD Long-term results of epikeratoplasty for keratoconus. Cornea. 14:1995;84-88.
150. Walsh FB, Hoyt WF Clinical neuro-ophthalmology. 1969;Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. ed 3.
151. Ward MA, Artunduaga G, Thompson KPet al. Phototherapeutic keratectomy for the treatment of nodular subepithelial corneal scars in patients with keratoconus who are contact lens intolerant. CLAO J. 21:1995;130-132.
152. Waring GO, Rabinowitz YS, Sugar Jet al. Nomenclature for keratoconus suspects. Refract Corneal Surg. 9:1993;219-221.
153. Williams KA, Muehlberg SM, Lewis RF, Coster DJ How successful is corneal transplantation? A report from the Australian Corneal Graft Register. Eye. 9:1995;219-227.
154. Wilson SE, He YG, Weng Jet al. Epithelial injury induces keratocyte apoptosis. Hypothesized role for the interleukin 1 system in the modulation of corneal tissue organization and wound healing Exp Eye Res. 62:1996;325-337.
155. Wilson SE, Klyce SD Screening for corneal topographic abnormalities before refractive surgery. Ophthalmology. 101:1994;147-152.
156. Wilson SE, Klyce SD, Husseini MD Standardized color coded maps for corneal topography. Ophthalmology. 100:1993;1723-1727.
157. Wilson SE, Lin DTC, Klyce SD The topography of keratoconus. Cornea. 10:1991;2-8.
158. Wilson SE, Lin DTC, Klyce SDet al. Topographic changes in contact lens-induced corneal warpage. Ophthalmology. 97:1990;734-744.
159. Wilson SE, Lin DTC, Klyce SD, Insler MS The corneal topography of Terrien's marginal degeneration. Refract Corneal Surg. 6:1990;15-20.
160. Wilson SE, Verity SM, Conger DL Accuracy and reproducibility of the corneal analysis system and topographic modeling system. Cornea. 11:1992;28-35.
161. Wolter JR Bilateral keratoconus in Crouzon's syndrome with unilateral acute hydrops. J Pediatr Ophthalmol. 14:1977;141-143.
162. Yeung K, Egbahli F, Weissman BA Clinical experience with piggyback contact lens systems on keratoconic eyes. J Am Optom Assoc. 66:1995;539-543.
163. Zala L, Ettlin C, Krebs A Fokale dermal Hypoplasie mit Keratokonus. Osophaguspappillomen und Hidrokystomen. Dermatologica. 150:1975;176-185.
164. Zimmerman DL, Fischer RW, Winterhalter KHet al. Comparitive studies of collagens in normal and keratoconus corneas. Exp Eye Res. 46:1988;431-442.
165. Zolog N On congenital blindness (Kurz syndroms) (Observations sur la cecite congenitale [Syndrome de Kurz]). Bull Mem Soc Fr Ophthalmol. 82:1969;113-116.