메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 257-285

Dehydration: Physiology, assessment, and performance effects

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BODY MASS; BODY WATER; DEHYDRATION; ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; ENDURANCE; EXTRACELLULAR FLUID; HUMAN; METABOLISM; OSMOLARITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 84903951806     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20404603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130017     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (371)

References (385)
  • 1
    • 0032466583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of a high-carbohydrate diet on the skill performance of midfield soccer players after intermittent treadmill exercise
    • Abt G, Zhou S, Weatherby R. The effect of a high-carbohydrate diet on the skill performance of midfield soccer players after intermittent treadmill exercise. J Sci Med Sport 1: 203-212, 1998.
    • (1998) J Sci Med Sport , vol.1 , pp. 203-212
    • Abt, G.1    Zhou, S.2    Weatherby, R.3
  • 3
    • 84905178245 scopus 로고
    • Water regulations of man
    • Lancaster, PA: The Jaques Cattell Press
    • Adolph E. Water regulations of man. In: Physiological Regulations, Lancaster, PA: The Jaques Cattell Press, 1943, p. 88-109.
    • (1943) Physiological Regulations , pp. 88-109
    • Adolph, E.1
  • 4
    • 0141881951 scopus 로고
    • Observations on water metabolism in the desert
    • Adolph E and Dill DB. Observations on water metabolism in the desert. Am J Physiol 123: 369-378, 1938.
    • (1938) Am J Physiol , vol.123 , pp. 369-378
    • Adolph, E.1    Dill, D.B.2
  • 5
    • 54249101101 scopus 로고
    • The excretion of water by the kidneys
    • Adolph EF. The excretion of water by the kidneys. Am J Phys 65: 419-449, 1923.
    • (1923) Am J Phys , vol.65 , pp. 419-449
    • Adolph, E.F.1
  • 6
    • 0347442577 scopus 로고
    • Blood changes in dehydration
    • Adolph EF, Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers Inc.
    • Adolph EF. Blood changes in dehydration. In: Adolph EF, Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers Inc., 1947, p. 160-171.
    • (1947) Physiology of Man in the Desert , pp. 160-171
    • Adolph, E.F.1
  • 7
    • 12644268932 scopus 로고
    • Signs and symptoms of desert dehydration
    • Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. New York, NY: Interscience
    • Adolph EF. Signs and symptoms of desert dehydration. In: Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York, NY: Interscience, 1947, p. 226-240.
    • (1947) Physiology of Man in the Desert , pp. 226-240
    • Adolph, E.F.1
  • 8
    • 0005763217 scopus 로고
    • Thirst
    • Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. New York, NY: Interscience
    • Adolph EF and Wills JH. Thirst. In: Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York, NY: Interscience, 1947, pp. 241-253.
    • (1947) Physiology of Man in the Desert , pp. 241-253
    • Adolph, E.F.1    Wills, J.H.2
  • 9
    • 0032788975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological day-to-day variation and reference change limits of serum cortisol and aldosterone in healthy young men on unrestricted diets
    • Ahokoski O, Virtanen A, Kairisto V, Scheinin H, Huupponen R, Irjala K. Biological day-to-day variation and reference change limits of serum cortisol and aldosterone in healthy young men on unrestricted diets. Clinical Chemistry 45: 1097-1099, 1999.
    • (1999) Clinical Chemistry , vol.45 , pp. 1097-1099
    • Ahokoski, O.1    Virtanen, A.2    Kairisto, V.3    Scheinin, H.4    Huupponen, R.5    Irjala, K.6
  • 10
    • 77049234500 scopus 로고
    • The displacement of serum water by the lipids of hyperlipemic serum. A new method for the rapid determination of serum water.
    • Albrink M, Hald P, Man E, Peters J. The displacement of serum water by the lipids of hyperlipemic serum. A new method for the rapid determination of serum water. J Clin Invest 34: 1483-1488, 1955.
    • (1955) J Clin Invest , vol.34 , pp. 1483-1488
    • Albrink, M.1    Hald, P.2    Man, E.3    Peters, J.4
  • 11
  • 12
    • 20544470124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine control of water balance
    • Fray JC, Goodman HM, editors. Oxford University Press
    • Andreoli TE, Reeves WB, Bichet DG. Endocrine control of water balance. In: Fray JC, Goodman HM, editors. Handbook of Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 530-569.
    • (2000) Handbook of Physiology , pp. 530-569
    • Andreoli, T.E.1    Reeves, W.B.2    Bichet, D.G.3
  • 14
    • 20544458123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydration assessment techniques
    • Armstrong LE. Hydration assessment techniques. Nutr Rev 63: 40-54, 2005.
    • (2005) Nutr Rev , vol.63 , pp. 40-54
    • Armstrong, L.E.1
  • 16
    • 84875231780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting common hydration biomarkers on the basis of solute and water excretion
    • Armstrong LE, Johnson EC, McKenzie AL, Munoz CX. Interpreting common hydration biomarkers on the basis of solute and water excretion. Eur J Clin Nutr 67: 249-253, 2013.
    • (2013) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.67 , pp. 249-253
    • Armstrong, L.E.1    Johnson, E.C.2    McKenzie, A.L.3    Munoz, C.X.4
  • 18
    • 34250013861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration impairs vigilancerelated attention in male basketball players
    • Baker LB, Conroy DE, Kenney WL. Dehydration impairs vigilancerelated attention in male basketball players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39: 976-983, 2007.
    • (2007) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.39 , pp. 976-983
    • Baker, L.B.1    Conroy, D.E.2    Kenney, W.L.3
  • 19
    • 34347360838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive dehydration causes a progressive decline in basketball skill performance
    • Baker LB, Dougherty KA, Chow M, Kenney WL. Progressive dehydration causes a progressive decline in basketball skill performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39: 1114-1123, 2007.
    • (2007) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.39 , pp. 1114-1123
    • Baker, L.B.1    Dougherty, K.A.2    Chow, M.3    Kenney, W.L.4
  • 20
    • 50649101152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of serum sodium concentration after prolonged running in the heat
    • Baker LB, Lang JA,Kenney WL. Quantitative analysis of serum sodium concentration after prolonged running in the heat. J Appl Physiol 105: 91-99, 2008.
    • (2008) J Appl Physiol , vol.105 , pp. 91-99
    • Baker, L.B.1    Lang, J.A.2    Kenney, W.L.3
  • 21
    • 63049093895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in body mass accurately and reliably predicts change in body water after endurance exercise
    • Baker LB, Lang JA, Kenney WL. Change in body mass accurately and reliably predicts change in body water after endurance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 105: 959-967, 2009.
    • (2009) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.105 , pp. 959-967
    • Baker, L.B.1    Lang, J.A.2    Kenney, W.L.3
  • 23
    • 0038084434 scopus 로고
    • The role of aldosterone in normal homeostasis and in certain disease states
    • Bartter F. The role of aldosterone in normal homeostasis and in certain disease states. Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental 5: 369-383, 1956.
    • (1956) Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental , vol.5 , pp. 369-383
    • Bartter, F.1
  • 24
    • 77049280402 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of aldosterone secretion in man: The role of fluid volume
    • Bartter F, Liddle GW, Duncan LE, Barber JK, Delea C. The regulation of aldosterone secretion in man: The role of fluid volume. J Clin Invest 35: 1306-1315, 1956.
    • (1956) J Clin Invest , vol.35 , pp. 1306-1315
    • Bartter, F.1    Liddle, G.W.2    Duncan, L.E.3    Barber, J.K.4    Delea, C.5
  • 25
    • 0021047155 scopus 로고
    • Posterior pituitary function in health and disease
    • Baylis PH. Posterior pituitary function in health and disease. Clin Endocrinol Metab 12: 747-770, 1983.
    • (1983) Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.12 , pp. 747-770
    • Baylis, P.H.1
  • 26
    • 0019309140 scopus 로고
    • Plasma vasopressin response to hypertonic saline infusion to assess posterior pituitary function
    • Baylis PH, Robertson GL. Plasma vasopressin response to hypertonic saline infusion to assess posterior pituitary function. J R Soc Med 73: 255-260, 1980.
    • (1980) J R Soc Med , vol.73 , pp. 255-260
    • Baylis, P.H.1    Robertson, G.L.2
  • 27
    • 15444347449 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dehydration, physical conditioning and heat acclimatization on the response to passive tilting
    • Beetham WP, Jr, Buskirk ER. Effects of dehydration, physical conditioning and heat acclimatization on the response to passive tilting. J Appl Physiol 13: 465-468, 1958.
    • (1958) J Appl Physiol , vol.13 , pp. 465-468
    • Beetham Jr, W.P.1    Buskirk, E.R.2
  • 28
    • 0141950881 scopus 로고
    • Insensible perspiration: Its relation to human physiology and pathology
    • Benedict FG, Root HF. Insensible perspiration: Its relation to human physiology and pathology. Archives of Internal Medicine 38: 1-35, 1926.
    • (1926) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.38 , pp. 1-35
    • Benedict, F.G.1    Root, H.F.2
  • 29
    • 0021153362 scopus 로고
    • Thermal dependence of muscle function
    • Bennett AF. Thermal dependence of muscle function. Am J Physiol 247: R217-R229, 1984.
    • (1984) Am J Physiol , vol.247
    • Bennett, A.F.1
  • 30
    • 79958041069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration influences mood and cognition: A plausible hypothesis?
    • Benton D. Dehydration influences mood and cognition: A plausible hypothesis? Nutrients 3: 555-573, 2011.
    • (2011) Nutrients , vol.3 , pp. 555-573
    • Benton, D.1
  • 31
    • 0036082312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged hypobaric hypoxemia attenuates vasopressin secretion and renal response to osmostimulation in men
    • Bestle MH, Olsen NV, Poulsen TD, Roach R, Fogh-Andersen N, Bie P. Prolonged hypobaric hypoxemia attenuates vasopressin secretion and renal response to osmostimulation in men. J Appl Physiol 92: 1911- 1922, 2002.
    • (2002) J Appl Physiol , vol.92
    • Bestle, M.H.1    Olsen, N.V.2    Poulsen, T.D.3    Roach, R.4    Fogh-Andersen, N.5    Bie, P.6
  • 33
    • 0024162314 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal sensitivities in preoptic tissue slices: Interactions among homeostatic systems
    • Boulant JA, Silva NL. Neuronal sensitivities in preoptic tissue slices: Interactions among homeostatic systems. Brain Res Bull 20: 871-878, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain Res Bull , vol.20 , pp. 871-878
    • Boulant, J.A.1    Silva, N.L.2
  • 34
    • 0032452214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmoregulation of vasopressin neurons: A synergy of intrinsic and synaptic processes
    • Bourque CW. Osmoregulation of vasopressin neurons: A synergy of intrinsic and synaptic processes. Prog Brain Res 119: 59-76, 1998.
    • (1998) Prog Brain Res , vol.119 , pp. 59-76
    • Bourque, C.W.1
  • 35
    • 45749131367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
    • Bourque CW. Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation. Nat Rev Neurosci 9: 519-531, 2008.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 519-531
    • Bourque, C.W.1
  • 36
    • 4644262992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity of bioelectrical impedance models in clinical populations
    • Buchholz A, Bartok C, Schoeller D. The validity of bioelectrical impedance models in clinical populations. Nutr Clin Prac 19: 433-446, 2004.
    • (2004) Nutr Clin Prac , vol.19 , pp. 433-446
    • Buchholz, A.1    Bartok, C.2    Schoeller, D.3
  • 37
    • 67650014352 scopus 로고
    • Diffusion of water vapor through human skin in hot environment and with application of atropine
    • Buettner K, Holmes F. Diffusion of water vapor through human skin in hot environment and with application of atropine. J Appl Physiol 14: 276-278, 1959.
    • (1959) J Appl Physiol , vol.14 , pp. 276-278
    • Buettner, K.1    Holmes, F.2
  • 38
  • 39
    • 84961020682 scopus 로고
    • Work performance after dehydration: Effects of physical conditioning and heat acclimatization
    • Buskirk ER, Iampietro PF, Bass DE.Work performance after dehydration: Effects of physical conditioning and heat acclimatization. J Appl Physiol 12: 189-194, 1958.
    • (1958) J Appl Physiol , vol.12 , pp. 189-194
    • Buskirk, E.R.1    Iampietro, P.F.2    Bass, D.E.3
  • 40
    • 33646266712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory pleasure optimizes muscular work
    • Cabanac M. Sensory pleasure optimizes muscular work. Clin Invest Med 29: 110-116, 2006.
    • (2006) Clin Invest Med , vol.29 , pp. 110-116
    • Cabanac, M.1
  • 41
    • 0021675757 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of sauna-, diuretic-, and exercise-induced hypohydration
    • Caldwell JE, Ahonen E, Nousiainen U. Differential effects of sauna-, diuretic-, and exercise-induced hypohydration. J Appl Physiol 57: 1018-1023, 1984.
    • (1984) J Appl Physiol , vol.57 , pp. 1018-1023
    • Caldwell, J.E.1    Ahonen, E.2    Nousiainen, U.3
  • 42
    • 33845459146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypohydration and prior heat stress exacerbates decreases in cerebral blood flow velocity during standing
    • Carter R, III, Cheuvront SN, Vernieuw CR, Sawka MN. Hypohydration and prior heat stress exacerbates decreases in cerebral blood flow velocity during standing. J Appl Physiol 101: 1744-1750, 2006.
    • (2006) J Appl Physiol , vol.101 , pp. 1744-1750
    • Carter III, R.1    Cheuvront, S.N.2    Vernieuw, C.R.3    Sawka, M.N.4
  • 43
    • 79957587407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of fluid restriction and ad libitum water intake or an 8% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on skill performance of elite adolescent basketball players
    • Carvalho P, Oliveira B, Barros R, Padrao P, Moreira P, Teixeira VH. Impact of fluid restriction and ad libitum water intake or an 8% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on skill performance of elite adolescent basketball players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 21: 214-221, 2011.
    • (2011) Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab , vol.21 , pp. 214-221
    • Carvalho, P.1    Oliveira, B.2    Barros, R.3    Padrao, P.4    Moreira, P.5    Teixeira, V.H.6
  • 46
    • 0035063590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of urinary concentration: A critical appraisal of methodologies
    • Chadha V, Garg U, Alon US. Measurement of urinary concentration: A critical appraisal of methodologies. Pediatr Nephrol 16: 374-382, 2001.
    • (2001) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.16 , pp. 374-382
    • Chadha, V.1    Garg, U.2    Alon, U.S.3
  • 47
    • 26844532136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balance between cardiac output and sympathetic nerve activity in resting humans: Role in arterial pressure regulation
    • Charkoudian N, Joyner MJ, Johnson CP, Eisenach JH, Dietz NM, Wallin BG. Balance between cardiac output and sympathetic nerve activity in resting humans: Role in arterial pressure regulation. J Physiol 568: 315-321, 2005.
    • (2005) J Physiol , vol.568 , pp. 315-321
    • Charkoudian, N.1    Joyner, M.J.2    Johnson, C.P.3    Eisenach, J.H.4    Dietz, N.M.5    Wallin, B.G.6
  • 48
    • 0039552207 scopus 로고
    • Changes in total chloride and acid-base balance in gastroenteritis following treatment with large and small loads of sodium chloride
    • Cheek D. Changes in total chloride and acid-base balance in gastroenteritis following treatment with large and small loads of sodium chloride. Pediatrics 6: 839-848, 1956.
    • (1956) Pediatrics , vol.6 , pp. 839-848
    • Cheek, D.1
  • 49
    • 33745148201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No effect of moderate hypohydration or hyperthermia on anaerobic exercise performance
    • Cheuvront SN, Carter R, III, Haymes EM, Sawka MN. No effect of moderate hypohydration or hyperthermia on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38: 1093-1097, 2006.
    • (2006) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.38 , pp. 1093-1097
    • Cheuvront, S.N.1    Carter III, R.2    Haymes, E.M.3    Sawka, M.N.4
  • 52
    • 27544439452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypohydration impairs endurance exercise performance in temperate but not cold air
    • Cheuvront SN, Carter RI, Castellani JW, Sawka MN. Hypohydration impairs endurance exercise performance in temperate but not cold air. J Appl Physiol 99: 1972-1976, 2005.
    • (2005) J Appl Physiol , vol.99 , pp. 1972-1976
    • Cheuvront, S.N.1    Carter, R.I.2    Castellani, J.W.3    Sawka, M.N.4
  • 54
    • 77956620360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological variation and diagnostic accuracy of dehydration assessment markers
    • Cheuvront SN, Ely BR, Kenefick RW, Sawka MN. Biological variation and diagnostic accuracy of dehydration assessment markers. Am J Clin Nutr 92: 565-573, 2010.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.92 , pp. 565-573
    • Cheuvront, S.N.1    Ely, B.R.2    Kenefick, R.W.3    Sawka, M.N.4
  • 56
    • 78149347608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of aerobic performance impairment with heat stress and dehydration
    • Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Montain SJ, Sawka MN. Mechanisms of aerobic performance impairment with heat stress and dehydration. J Appl Physiol 109: 1989-1995, 2010.
    • (2010) J Appl Physiol , vol.109 , pp. 1989-1995
    • Cheuvront, S.N.1    Kenefick, R.W.2    Montain, S.J.3    Sawka, M.N.4
  • 58
    • 84874332776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologic basis for understanding quantitative dehydration assessment
    • Cheuvront S, Kenefick R, Charkoudian N, Sawka M. Physiologic basis for understanding quantitative dehydration assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 97: 455-462, 2013.
    • (2013) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.97 , pp. 455-462
    • Cheuvront, S.1    Kenefick, R.2    Charkoudian, N.3    Sawka, M.4
  • 60
    • 0013873058 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hematocrit and plasma proteins on human blood rheology at low shear rates
    • Chien S, Usami S, Taylor HM, Lundberg JL, Gregersen MI. Effects of hematocrit and plasma proteins on human blood rheology at low shear rates. J Appl Physiol 21: 81-87, 1966.
    • (1966) J Appl Physiol , vol.21 , pp. 81-87
    • Chien, S.1    Usami, S.2    Taylor, H.M.3    Lundberg, J.L.4    Gregersen, M.I.5
  • 61
    • 0034788511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluid ingestion on cognitive function after heat stress or exercise-induced dehydration
    • Cian C, Barraud P, Melin B, Raphel C. Effects of fluid ingestion on cognitive function after heat stress or exercise-induced dehydration. Int J Psychophysiol 42: 243-251, 2001.
    • (2001) Int J Psychophysiol , vol.42 , pp. 243-251
    • Cian, C.1    Barraud, P.2    Melin, B.3    Raphel, C.4
  • 62
    • 84869219125 scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium between extracellular and intracellular fluid
    • Guyton AC, Taylor AE, Granger HJ, editors. Philadelphia: W.B. Sanders Company
    • Coleman TG, Norman RA, Manning RD. Equilibrium between extracellular and intracellular fluid. In: Guyton AC, Taylor AE, Granger HJ, editors. Ciculatory Physiology II: Dynamics and Control of the Body Fluids. Philadelphia: W.B. Sanders Company, 1975, pp. 225- 242.
    • (1975) Ciculatory Physiology II: Dynamics and Control of the Body Fluids , pp. 225-242
    • Coleman, T.G.1    Norman, R.A.2    Manning, R.D.3
  • 64
    • 33748750333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial pulse pressure and its association with reduced stroke volume during progressive central hypovolemia
    • Convertino VA, Cooke WH, Holcomb JB. Arterial pulse pressure and its association with reduced stroke volume during progressive central hypovolemia. J Trauma 61: 629-634, 2006.
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.61 , pp. 629-634
    • Convertino, V.A.1    Cooke, W.H.2    Holcomb, J.B.3
  • 65
    • 0019377949 scopus 로고
    • Plasma volume, osmolality, vasopressin, and renin activity during graded exercise in man
    • Convertino VA, Keil LC, Bernauer EM, Greenleaf JE. Plasma volume, osmolality, vasopressin, and renin activity during graded exercise in man. J Appl Physiol 50: 123-128, 1981.
    • (1981) J Appl Physiol , vol.50 , pp. 123-128
    • Convertino, V.A.1    Keil, L.C.2    Bernauer, E.M.3    Greenleaf, J.E.4
  • 66
    • 84863718572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic mechanisms associated with heart rate and vasoconstrictor reserves
    • Convertino VA, Rickards CA, Ryan KL. Autonomic mechanisms associated with heart rate and vasoconstrictor reserves. Clin Auton Res 22: 123-130, 2012.
    • (2012) Clin Auton Res , vol.22 , pp. 123-130
    • Convertino, V.A.1    Rickards, C.A.2    Ryan, K.L.3
  • 67
    • 1642293151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower body negative pressure as a model to study progression to acute hemorrhagic shock in humans
    • Cooke WH, Ryan KL, Convertino VA. Lower body negative pressure as a model to study progression to acute hemorrhagic shock in humans. J Appl Physiol 96: 1249-1261, 2004.
    • (2004) J Appl Physiol , vol.96 , pp. 1249-1261
    • Cooke, W.H.1    Ryan, K.L.2    Convertino, V.A.3
  • 68
    • 0029918355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance and Cole-Cole analysis for the assessment of body water volumes in healthy humans
    • Cornish B, Ward L, Thomas B, Jebb S, Elia M. Evaluation of multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance and Cole-Cole analysis for the assessment of body water volumes in healthy humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 50: 159-164, 1996.
    • (1996) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.50 , pp. 159-164
    • Cornish, B.1    Ward, L.2    Thomas, B.3    Jebb, S.4    Elia, M.5
  • 69
    • 0017232280 scopus 로고
    • Muscle water and electrolytes following varied levels of dehydration in man
    • Costill DL, Cote R, Fink W. Muscle water and electrolytes following varied levels of dehydration in man. J Appl Physiol 40: 6-11, 1976.
    • (1976) J Appl Physiol , vol.40 , pp. 6-11
    • Costill, D.L.1    Cote, R.2    Fink, W.3
  • 70
    • 0016206804 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the ratio of venous to body hematocrit following dehydration
    • Costill DL, Saltin B. Changes in the ratio of venous to body hematocrit following dehydration. J Appl Physiol 36: 608-610, 1974.
    • (1974) J Appl Physiol , vol.36 , pp. 608-610
    • Costill, D.L.1    Saltin, B.2
  • 71
    • 0034806393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of bioimpedance spectroscopy in assessment of body water compartments in hemodialysis patients
    • Cox-Reijven P, Kooman J, Soeters P, van der Sande F, Leunissen K. Role of bioimpedance spectroscopy in assessment of body water compartments in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kid Dis 38: 832-838, 2001.
    • (2001) Am J Kid Dis , vol.38 , pp. 832-838
    • Cox-Reijven, P.1    Kooman, J.2    Soeters, P.3    van der Sande, F.4    Leunissen, K.5
  • 72
    • 0035317132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise: New perspectives
    • Coyle EF, Gonzalez-Alonso J. Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise: New perspectives. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 29: 88-92, 2001.
    • (2001) Exerc Sport Sci Rev , vol.29 , pp. 88-92
    • Coyle, E.F.1    Gonzalez-Alonso, J.2
  • 73
  • 74
    • 0002651287 scopus 로고
    • The importance of deficit of sodium and chloride in dehydration
    • Darrow DC. The importance of deficit of sodium and chloride in dehydration. J Pediatrics 13: 670-677, 1938.
    • (1938) J Pediatrics , vol.13 , pp. 670-677
    • Darrow, D.C.1
  • 75
    • 0000594466 scopus 로고
    • The retention of electrolyte during recovery from severe dehydration due to diarrhea
    • Darrow DC. The retention of electrolyte during recovery from severe dehydration due to diarrhea. J Pediatr 28: 515-540, 1946.
    • (1946) J Pediatr , vol.28 , pp. 515-540
    • Darrow, D.C.1
  • 76
    • 0000873398 scopus 로고
    • The changes in the distribution of body water accompanying increase and decrease in extracellular electrolyte
    • Darrow DC, Yannet H. The changes in the distribution of body water accompanying increase and decrease in extracellular electrolyte. J Clin Invest 14: 266-275, 1935.
    • (1935) J Clin Invest , vol.14 , pp. 266-275
    • Darrow, D.C.1    Yannet, H.2
  • 77
    • 84871966739 scopus 로고
    • Osmolality as a measure of dehydration in the neonatal period
    • Davis JA, Harvey DR, Stevens JF. Osmolality as a measure of dehydration in the neonatal period. Arch Dis Child 41: 448-450, 1966.
    • (1966) Arch Dis Child , vol.41 , pp. 448-450
    • Davis, J.A.1    Harvey, D.R.2    Stevens, J.F.3
  • 78
    • 0023711973 scopus 로고
    • A microregulatory analysis of spontaneous fluid intake by humans: Evidence that the amount of liquid ingested and its timing is mainly governed by feeding
    • de Castro JM. A microregulatory analysis of spontaneous fluid intake by humans: Evidence that the amount of liquid ingested and its timing is mainly governed by feeding. Physiol Behav 43: 705-714, 1988.
    • (1988) Physiol Behav , vol.43 , pp. 705-714
    • de Castro, J.M.1
  • 79
    • 0030922764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods: a technical review
    • De Lorenzo A, Andreoli A, Matthie J, Withers P. Predicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods: a technical review. J Appl Physiol 82: 1542-1558, 1997.
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 1542-1558
    • De Lorenzo, A.1    Andreoli, A.2    Matthie, J.3    Withers, P.4
  • 80
    • 0033514925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of regional cerebral blood flowand change of plasma sodium concentration during genesis and satiation of thirst
    • Denton D, Shade R, Zamarippa F, Egan G, Blair-West J, McKinley M, Fox P. Correlation of regional cerebral blood flowand change of plasma sodium concentration during genesis and satiation of thirst. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 2532-2537, 1999.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 2532-2537
    • Denton, D.1    Shade, R.2    Zamarippa, F.3    Egan, G.4    Blair-West, J.5    McKinley, M.6    Fox, P.7
  • 82
    • 0032100739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of exercise and dehydration on postural stability
    • Derave W, De CD, Bouckaert J, Pannier JL. The influence of exercise and dehydration on postural stability. Ergonomics 41: 782-789, 1998.
    • (1998) Ergonomics , vol.41 , pp. 782-789
    • Derave, W.1    De, C.D.2    Bouckaert, J.3    Pannier, J.L.4
  • 83
    • 0034911616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate levels of hypohydration impairs bowling accuracy but not bowling velocity in skilled cricket players
    • Devlin LH, Fraser SF, Barras NS, Hawley JA. Moderate levels of hypohydration impairs bowling accuracy but not bowling velocity in skilled cricket players. J Sci Med Sport 4: 179-187, 2001.
    • (2001) J Sci Med Sport , vol.4 , pp. 179-187
    • Devlin, L.H.1    Fraser, S.F.2    Barras, N.S.3    Hawley, J.A.4
  • 84
    • 0016232364 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration
    • Dill DB, Costill DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J Appl Physiol 37: 247-248, 1974.
    • (1974) J Appl Physiol , vol.37 , pp. 247-248
    • Dill, D.B.1    Costill, D.L.2
  • 85
    • 84869411988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of inferior vena cava diameter in assessment of volume status: A meta analysis
    • Dipti A, Soucy Z, Surana A, Chandra S. Role of inferior vena cava diameter in assessment of volume status: A meta analysis. Am J Emerg Med 30: 1414-1419, 2012.
    • (2012) Am J Emerg Med , vol.30 , pp. 1414-1419
    • Dipti, A.1    Soucy, Z.2    Surana, A.3    Chandra, S.4
  • 87
    • 0013992996 scopus 로고
    • Creatininemia versus uremia. The relative significance of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations in azotemia.
    • Dossetor JB. Creatininemia versus uremia. The relative significance of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations in azotemia. Ann Intern Med 65: 1287-1299, 1966.
    • (1966) Ann Intern Med , vol.65 , pp. 1287-1299
    • Dossetor, J.B.1
  • 88
    • 0026725429 scopus 로고
    • Within-subject biological variation of hematological quantities and analytical goals
    • Dot D, Miró J, Fuentes-Arderiu X. Within-subject biological variation of hematological quantities and analytical goals. Arch Pathol Lab Med 116: 825-826, 1992.
    • (1992) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.116 , pp. 825-826
    • Dot, D.1    Miró, J.2    Fuentes-Arderiu, X.3
  • 89
    • 33748562526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two percent dehydration impairs and six percent carbohydrate drink improves boys basketball skills
    • Dougherty KA, Baker LB, Chow M, Kenney WL. Two percent dehydration impairs and six percent carbohydrate drink improves boys basketball skills. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38: 1650-1658, 2006.
    • (2006) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.38 , pp. 1650-1658
    • Dougherty, K.A.1    Baker, L.B.2    Chow, M.3    Kenney, W.L.4
  • 91
    • 0015853572 scopus 로고
    • The role of blood osmolality and volume in regulating vasopressin secretion in the rat
    • Dunn FL, Brennan TJ, Nelson AE, Robertson GL. The role of blood osmolality and volume in regulating vasopressin secretion in the rat. J Clin Invest 52: 3212-3219, 1973.
    • (1973) J Clin Invest , vol.52 , pp. 3212-3219
    • Dunn, F.L.1    Brennan, T.J.2    Nelson, A.E.3    Robertson, G.L.4
  • 92
    • 78650417432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity is not correlated to sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity within healthy, young humans
    • Dutoit AP, Hart EC, Charkoudian N,Wallin BG, Curry TB, Joyner MJ. Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity is not correlated to sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity within healthy, young humans. Hypertension 56: 1118-1123, 2010.
    • (2010) Hypertension , vol.56 , pp. 1118-1123
    • Dutoit, A.P.1    Hart, E.C.2    Charkoudian, N.3    Wallin, B.G.4    Curry, T.B.5    Joyner, M.J.6
  • 93
    • 49749191739 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of body water and electrolytes
    • Edelman IS, Leibman J. Anatomy of body water and electrolytes. Am J Med 27: 256-277, 1959.
    • (1959) Am J Med , vol.27 , pp. 256-277
    • Edelman, I.S.1    Leibman, J.2
  • 94
    • 70449220312 scopus 로고
    • Interrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water
    • Edelman IS, Leibman J, O'Meara MP, Birkenfeld LW. Interrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water. J Clin Invest 37: 1236-1256, 1958.
    • (1958) J Clin Invest , vol.37 , pp. 1236-1256
    • Edelman, I.S.1    Leibman, J.2    O'Meara, M.P.3    Birkenfeld, L.W.4
  • 95
    • 34250025377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of moderate dehydration on soccer performance: Physiological responses to 45 min of outdoor match-play and the immediate subsequent performance of sport-specific and mental concentration test
    • Edwards AM, Mann ME, Marfell-Jones MJ, Rankin DM, Noakes TD, Shillington DP. Influence of moderate dehydration on soccer performance: Physiological responses to 45 min of outdoor match-play and the immediate subsequent performance of sport-specific and mental concentration test. Br J Sports Med 41: 385-391, 2007.
    • (2007) Br J Sports Med , vol.41 , pp. 385-391
    • Edwards, A.M.1    Mann, M.E.2    Marfell-Jones, M.J.3    Rankin, D.M.4    Noakes, T.D.5    Shillington, D.P.6
  • 96
    • 57749174868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration: Cause of fatigue or sign of pacing in elite soccer?
    • Edwards AM, Noakes TD. Dehydration: Cause of fatigue or sign of pacing in elite soccer? Sports Med 39: 1-13, 2009.
    • (2009) Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 1-13
    • Edwards, A.M.1    Noakes, T.D.2
  • 97
    • 0032747011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioelectrical impedance methods in clinical research: A follow up to the NIH technology assessment conference
    • Ellis K, Bell S, Chertow G, Chumlea W, Knox T, Kotler D, Lukaski H, Schoeller D. Bioelectrical impedance methods in clinical research: A follow up to the NIH technology assessment conference. Nutrition 15: 874-880, 1999.
    • (1999) Nutrition , vol.15 , pp. 874-880
    • Ellis, K.1    Bell, S.2    Chertow, G.3    Chumlea, W.4    Knox, T.5    Kotler, D.6    Lukaski, H.7    Schoeller, D.8
  • 98
    • 0031661274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human hydrometry: Comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance with 2H2O and bromine dilution
    • Ellis KJ, Wong WW. Human hydrometry: Comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance with 2H2O and bromine dilution. J Appl Physiol 85: 1056-1062, 1998.
    • (1998) J Appl Physiol , vol.85 , pp. 1056-1062
    • Ellis, K.J.1    Wong, W.W.2
  • 100
    • 84876245388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypohydration and acute thermal stress affect mood state but not cognition or dynamic postural balance
    • Ely BR, Sollanek KJ, Cheuvront SN, Lieberman HR, Kenefick RW. Hypohydration and acute thermal stress affect mood state but not cognition or dynamic postural balance. Eur J Appl Physiol 113: 1027-1034, 2013.
    • (2013) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.113 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Ely, B.R.1    Sollanek, K.J.2    Cheuvront, S.N.3    Lieberman, H.R.4    Kenefick, R.W.5
  • 101
    • 0026769827 scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of muscle fatigue
    • Enoka RM, Stuart DG. Neurobiology of muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 72: 1631-1648, 1992.
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 1631-1648
    • Enoka, R.M.1    Stuart, D.G.2
  • 102
    • 0000472585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal, endocrine, and hemodynamic effects ofwater immersion in humans
    • Fregly MJ, Blatteis CM, editors. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Epstein M. Renal, endocrine, and hemodynamic effects ofwater immersion in humans. In: Fregly MJ, Blatteis CM, editors. Handbook of Physiology, Section 4: Environmental Physiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 845-853.
    • (1996) Handbook of Physiology, Section 4: Environmental Physiology , pp. 845-853
    • Epstein, M.1
  • 104
    • 0034303936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does muscle function and metabolism affect exercise performance in the heat?
    • Febbraio M. Does muscle function and metabolism affect exercise performance in the heat? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 28: 171-176, 2000.
    • (2000) Exerc Sport Sci Rev , vol.28 , pp. 171-176
    • Febbraio, M.1
  • 105
    • 78651376372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interrater reliability of inferior vena cava ultrasound by bedside clinician sonographers in emergency department patients
    • Fields J, Lee P, Jenq K, Mark D, Panebianco N, Dean A. The interrater reliability of inferior vena cava ultrasound by bedside clinician sonographers in emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med 18: 98-101, 2011.
    • (2011) Acad Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 98-101
    • Fields, J.1    Lee, P.2    Jenq, K.3    Mark, D.4    Panebianco, N.5    Dean, A.6
  • 107
    • 0019818733 scopus 로고
    • Effect of blood volume on sweating rate and body fluids in exercising humans
    • Fortney SM, Nadel ER, Wenger CB, Bove JR. Effect of blood volume on sweating rate and body fluids in exercising humans. J Appl Physiol 51: 1594-1600, 1981.
    • (1981) J Appl Physiol , vol.51 , pp. 1594-1600
    • Fortney, S.M.1    Nadel, E.R.2    Wenger, C.B.3    Bove, J.R.4
  • 108
    • 0021679014 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hyperosmolality on control of blood flow and sweating
    • Fortney SM,Wenger CB, Bove JR, Nadel ER. Effect of hyperosmolality on control of blood flow and sweating. J Appl Physiol 57: 1688-1695, 1984.
    • (1984) J Appl Physiol , vol.57 , pp. 1688-1695
    • Fortney, S.M.1    Wenger, C.B.2    Bove, J.R.3    Nadel, E.R.4
  • 110
    • 0020991385 scopus 로고
    • Desirable performance standards for clinical chemistry tests
    • Fraser CG. Desirable performance standards for clinical chemistry tests. Adv Clin Chem 23: 299-339, 1983.
    • (1983) Adv Clin Chem , vol.23 , pp. 299-339
    • Fraser, C.G.1
  • 111
    • 0028503543 scopus 로고
    • Data on biological variation: Essential prerequisites for introducing new procedures?
    • Fraser CG. Data on biological variation: Essential prerequisites for introducing new procedures? Clin Chem 40: 1671-1673, 1994.
    • (1994) Clin Chem , vol.40 , pp. 1671-1673
    • Fraser, C.G.1
  • 113
    • 4344570957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inherent biological variation and reference values
    • Fraser CG. Inherent biological variation and reference values. Clin Chem Lab Med 42: 758-764, 2004.
    • (2004) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.42 , pp. 758-764
    • Fraser, C.G.1
  • 114
    • 66249133346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference change values: The way forward in monitoring
    • Fraser CG. Reference change values: The way forward in monitoring. Ann Clin Biochem 46: 264-265, 2009.
    • (2009) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.46 , pp. 264-265
    • Fraser, C.G.1
  • 115
    • 84867764499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference change values
    • Fraser CG. Reference change values. Clin Chem Lab Med 50: 807-812, 2012.
    • (2012) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.50 , pp. 807-812
    • Fraser, C.G.1
  • 117
    • 84882136071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine control of sodium balance
    • Fray JC, editor. New York: Oxford
    • Fray JC. Endocrine control of sodium balance. In: Fray JC, editor. Endocrine Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance. New York: Oxford, 2000, pp. 250-305.
    • (2000) Endocrine Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance , pp. 250-305
    • Fray, J.C.1
  • 118
    • 84892670997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental influences body fluid balance during exercise: Cold exposure
    • Buskirk ER, Puhl SM, editors. NewYork: CRC
    • Freund BJ, Young AJ. Environmental influences body fluid balance during exercise: Cold exposure. In: Buskirk ER, Puhl SM, editors. Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport.NewYork: CRC, 1996, pp. 159-181.
    • (1996) Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport , pp. 159-181
    • Freund, B.J.1    Young, A.J.2
  • 120
    • 3342974775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a clinical dehydration scale for use in children between 1 and 36 months of age
    • Friedman JN, Goldman RD, Srivastava R, Parkin PC. Development of a clinical dehydration scale for use in children between 1 and 36 months of age. J Pediatr 145: 201-207, 2004.
    • (2004) J Pediatr , vol.145 , pp. 201-207
    • Friedman, J.N.1    Goldman, R.D.2    Srivastava, R.3    Parkin, P.C.4
  • 121
    • 0032866828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metabolic limit on the ability to make up for lost time in endurance events
    • Fukuba Y, Whipp BJ. A metabolic limit on the ability to make up for lost time in endurance events. J Appl Physiol 87: 853-861, 1999.
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.87 , pp. 853-861
    • Fukuba, Y.1    Whipp, B.J.2
  • 122
    • 0014502301 scopus 로고
    • Comfort and thermal sensations and associated physiological responses during exercise at various ambient temperatures
    • Gagge AP, Stolwijk JA, Saltin B. Comfort and thermal sensations and associated physiological responses during exercise at various ambient temperatures. Environ Res 2: 209-229, 1969.
    • (1969) Environ Res , vol.2 , pp. 209-229
    • Gagge, A.P.1    Stolwijk, J.A.2    Saltin, B.3
  • 123
    • 0038633470 scopus 로고
    • The water requirements of castaways
    • Gamble J. The water requirements of castaways. P Am Philos Soc 88: 151-158, 1944.
    • (1944) P Am Philos Soc , vol.88 , pp. 151-158
    • Gamble, J.1
  • 124
    • 0001132032 scopus 로고
    • Physiological information gained from studies on the life raft ration
    • Gamble JL. Physiological information gained from studies on the life raft ration. Harvey Lect 42: 247-273, 1946.
    • (1946) Harvey Lect , vol.42 , pp. 247-273
    • Gamble, J.L.1
  • 125
    • 0343333003 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the renal water requirement
    • Gamble J, Butler A. Measurement of the renal water requirement. Am Physicians 58: 157-161, 1944.
    • (1944) Am Physicians , vol.58 , pp. 157-161
    • Gamble, J.1    Butler, A.2
  • 128
    • 16844382484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of methods for assessing baroreflex sensitivity and temporal QT variability in end-stage renal disease and healthy subjects
    • Gao SA, Johansson M, Hammaren A, Nordberg M, Friberg P. Reproducibility of methods for assessing baroreflex sensitivity and temporal QT variability in end-stage renal disease and healthy subjects. Clin Auton Res 15: 21-28, 2005.
    • (2005) Clin Auton Res , vol.15 , pp. 21-28
    • Gao, S.A.1    Johansson, M.2    Hammaren, A.3    Nordberg, M.4    Friberg, P.5
  • 129
    • 0036806131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise-induced fatigue with and without hydration on static postural control in adult human subjects
    • Gauchard GC, Gangloff P, Vouriot A, Mallie JP, Perrin PP. Effects of exercise-induced fatigue with and without hydration on static postural control in adult human subjects. Int J Neurosci 112: 1191-1206, 2002.
    • (2002) Int J Neurosci , vol.112 , pp. 1191-1206
    • Gauchard, G.C.1    Gangloff, P.2    Vouriot, A.3    Mallie, J.P.4    Perrin, P.P.5
  • 130
    • 0014088178 scopus 로고
    • The specific resistance of biological material-a compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist
    • Geddes L, Baker L. The specific resistance of biological material-a compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist. Med & Biol Engng 5: 293, 1967.
    • (1967) Med & Biol Engng , vol.5 , pp. 293
    • Geddes, L.1    Baker, L.2
  • 133
    • 33644649803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurovascular coupling in the normal brain and in hypertension, stroke, and Alzheimer disease
    • Girouard H, Iadecola C. Neurovascular coupling in the normal brain and in hypertension, stroke, and Alzheimer disease. J Appl Physiol 100: 328-335, 2006.
    • (2006) J Appl Physiol , vol.100 , pp. 328-335
    • Girouard, H.1    Iadecola, C.2
  • 134
    • 0015610543 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute alterations of VO2max on endurance capacity of men
    • Gleser MA, Vogel JA. Effects of acute alterations of VO2max on endurance capacity of men. J Appl Physiol 34: 443-447, 1973.
    • (1973) J Appl Physiol , vol.34 , pp. 443-447
    • Gleser, M.A.1    Vogel, J.A.2
  • 135
    • 0015987483 scopus 로고
    • Effect of moderate hemorrhage in humans on plasma ADH and renin
    • Goetz K, Bond G, Smith W. Effect of moderate hemorrhage in humans on plasma ADH and renin. P Soc Exp Biol Med 145: 277-280, 1974.
    • (1974) P Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.145 , pp. 277-280
    • Goetz, K.1    Bond, G.2    Smith, W.3
  • 136
    • 33747409353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction ot heat-related problems in military operations
    • Pandolf KB, Burr RE, editors. Washington, D.C.: Office of The Surgeon General
    • Goldman RF. Introduction ot heat-related problems in military operations. In: Pandolf KB, Burr RE, editors. Medical Aspects of Harsh Enviornments. Washington, D.C.: Office of The Surgeon General, 2001, pp. 3-42.
    • (2001) Medical Aspects of Harsh Enviornments , pp. 3-42
    • Goldman, R.F.1
  • 137
    • 0032535322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle blood flowis reduced with dehydration during prolonged exercise in humans
    • Gonzalez-Alonso J, Calbet JA, Nielsen B. Muscle blood flowis reduced with dehydration during prolonged exercise in humans. J Physiol 513(Pt 3): 895-905, 1998.
    • (1998) J Physiol , vol.513 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 895-905
    • Gonzalez-Alonso, J.1    Calbet, J.A.2    Nielsen, B.3
  • 138
    • 0344500694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and thermodynamic responses to dehydration-induced reductions in muscle blood flow in exercising humans
    • Gonzalez-Alonso J, Calbet JA, Nielsen B. Metabolic and thermodynamic responses to dehydration-induced reductions in muscle blood flow in exercising humans. J Physiol 520(Pt 2): 577-589, 1999.
    • (1999) J Physiol , vol.520 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 577-589
    • Gonzalez-Alonso, J.1    Calbet, J.A.2    Nielsen, B.3
  • 139
    • 0030901732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise
    • Gonzalez-Alonso J, Mora-Rodriguez R, Below PR, Coyle EF. Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise. J Appl Physiol 82: 1229-1236, 1997.
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 1229-1236
    • Gonzalez-Alonso, J.1    Mora-Rodriguez, R.2    Below, P.R.3    Coyle, E.F.4
  • 142
    • 0023907971 scopus 로고
    • Role of dehydration in heat stress-induced variations in mental performance
    • Gopinathan PM, Pichan G, Sharma VM. Role of dehydration in heat stress-induced variations in mental performance. Arch Environ Health 43: 15-17, 1988.
    • (1988) Arch Environ Health , vol.43 , pp. 15-17
    • Gopinathan, P.M.1    Pichan, G.2    Sharma, V.M.3
  • 143
    • 0031130042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity and reliability of clinical signs in the diagnosis of dehydration in children
    • Gorelick MH, Shaw KN, Murphy KO.Validity and reliability of clinical signs in the diagnosis of dehydration in children. Pediatrics 99: E6, 1997.
    • (1997) Pediatrics , vol.99
    • Gorelick, M.H.1    Shaw, K.N.2    Murphy, K.O.3
  • 144
    • 80054040077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exercise-induced dehydration on time-trial exercise performance: A meta-analysis
    • Goulet ED. Effect of exercise-induced dehydration on time-trial exercise performance: A meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 45: 1149-1156, 2011.
    • (2011) Br J Sports Med , vol.45 , pp. 1149-1156
    • Goulet, E.D.1
  • 145
    • 0023356183 scopus 로고
    • Despite correlation, random spot and 24-h urine specimens are not interchangeable
    • Gowans EM, Fraser CG. Despite correlation, random spot and 24-h urine specimens are not interchangeable. Clin Chem 33: 1080-1081, 1987.
    • (1987) Clin Chem , vol.33 , pp. 1080-1081
    • Gowans, E.M.1    Fraser, C.G.2
  • 146
    • 34848829815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration and cognitive performance
    • Grandjean A, Grandjean N. Dehydration and cognitive performance. J Am Coll Nutr 26: 549S-554S, 2007.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.26
    • Grandjean, A.1    Grandjean, N.2
  • 147
    • 0026648146 scopus 로고
    • Problem: Thirst, drinking behavior, and involuntary dehydration
    • Greenleaf JE. Problem: Thirst, drinking behavior, and involuntary dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24: 645-656, 1992.
    • (1992) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.24 , pp. 645-656
    • Greenleaf, J.E.1
  • 148
    • 0018725142 scopus 로고
    • Plasma volume during stress in man: Osmolality and red cell volume
    • Greenleaf JE, Convertino VA, Mangseth GR. Plasma volume during stress in man: Osmolality and red cell volume. J Appl Physiol 47: 1031-1038, 1979.
    • (1979) J Appl Physiol , vol.47 , pp. 1031-1038
    • Greenleaf, J.E.1    Convertino, V.A.2    Mangseth, G.R.3
  • 149
    • 0039917695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms controlling fluid ingestion: Thirst and drinking
    • Buskirk ER, Puhl SM, editors. Boca raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Greenleaf JE, Morimoto T. Mechanisms controlling fluid ingestion: Thirst and drinking. In: Buskirk ER, Puhl SM, editors. Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport. Boca raton, FL: CRC Press, 1996, pp. 3-17.
    • (1996) Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport , pp. 3-17
    • Greenleaf, J.E.1    Morimoto, T.2
  • 151
    • 0018447702 scopus 로고
    • Plasma volume and electrolyte shifts with heavy exercise in sitting and supine positions
    • Greenleaf JE, Van BW, Brock PJ, Morse JT, Mangseth GR. Plasma volume and electrolyte shifts with heavy exercise in sitting and supine positions. Am J Physiol 236: 206-214, 1979.
    • (1979) Am J Physiol , vol.236 , pp. 206-214
    • Greenleaf, J.E.1    Van, B.W.2    Brock, P.J.3    Morse, J.T.4    Mangseth, G.R.5
  • 153
    • 0032870173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single- and multifrequency models for bioelectrical impedance analysis of body water compartments
    • Gudivaka R, Schoeller DA, Kushner RF, Bolt MJ. Single- and multifrequency models for bioelectrical impedance analysis of body water compartments. J Appl Physiol 87: 1087-1096, 1999.
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.87 , pp. 1087-1096
    • Gudivaka, R.1    Schoeller, D.A.2    Kushner, R.F.3    Bolt, M.J.4
  • 154
    • 0033831808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of vector and conventional bioelectrical impedance analysis in the optimal dry weight prescription in hemodialysis
    • Guida B, De Nicola L, Trio R, Pecoraro P, Iodice C, Memoli B. Comparison of vector and conventional bioelectrical impedance analysis in the optimal dry weight prescription in hemodialysis. Am J Nephrol 20: 311-318, 2000.
    • (2000) Am J Nephrol , vol.20 , pp. 311-318
    • Guida, B.1    De Nicola, L.2    Trio, R.3    Pecoraro, P.4    Iodice, C.5    Memoli, B.6
  • 155
    • 0027499670 scopus 로고
    • Control of brain volume during hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar conditions
    • Gullans SR, Verbalis JG. Control of brain volume during hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar conditions. Annu Rev Med 44: 289-301, 1993.
    • (1993) Annu Rev Med , vol.44 , pp. 289-301
    • Gullans, S.R.1    Verbalis, J.G.2
  • 157
    • 0018242916 scopus 로고
    • Plasma volume changes with movement to supine and standing positions
    • Hagan RD, Diaz FJ, Horvath SM. Plasma volume changes with movement to supine and standing positions. J Appl Physiol 45: 414-417, 1978.
    • (1978) J Appl Physiol , vol.45 , pp. 414-417
    • Hagan, R.D.1    Diaz, F.J.2    Horvath, S.M.3
  • 158
    • 0024455397 scopus 로고
    • Studies of osmotic diarrhea induced in normal subjects by ingestion of polyethylene glycol and lactulose
    • Hammer HF, Santa Ana CA, Schiller LR, Fordtran JS. Studies of osmotic diarrhea induced in normal subjects by ingestion of polyethylene glycol and lactulose. J Clin Invest 84: 1056-1062, 1989.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 1056-1062
    • Hammer, H.F.1    Santa Ana, C.A.2    Schiller, L.R.3    Fordtran, J.S.4
  • 159
    • 77953536872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of athletes' muscle mass on urinary markers of hydration status
    • Hamouti N, Del CJ, Avila A, Mora-Rodriguez R. Effects of athletes' muscle mass on urinary markers of hydration status. Eur J Appl Physiol 109: 213-219, 2010.
    • (2010) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.109 , pp. 213-219
    • Hamouti, N.1    Del, C.J.2    Avila, A.3    Mora-Rodriguez, R.4
  • 160
    • 0001688757 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing physiologic variation from analytic variation
    • Harris EK. Distinguishing physiologic variation from analytic variation. J Chron Dis 23: 469-480, 1970.
    • (1970) J Chron Dis , vol.23 , pp. 469-480
    • Harris, E.K.1
  • 161
    • 0016321204 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intra- and interindividual variation on the appropriate use of normal ranges
    • Harris EK. Effects of intra- and interindividual variation on the appropriate use of normal ranges. Clin Chem 20: 1535-1542, 1974.
    • (1974) Clin Chem , vol.20 , pp. 1535-1542
    • Harris, E.K.1
  • 162
    • 0018664642 scopus 로고
    • Temporal changes in the concentrations of serum constituents in healthy men. Distributions of within-person variances and their relevance to the interpretation of differences between successive measurements.
    • Harris EK, Brown SS. Temporal changes in the concentrations of serum constituents in healthy men. Distributions of within-person variances and their relevance to the interpretation of differences between successive measurements. Ann Clin Biochem 16: 169-176, 1979.
    • (1979) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.16 , pp. 169-176
    • Harris, E.K.1    Brown, S.S.2
  • 163
    • 0020680638 scopus 로고
    • On the calculation of a "reference change" for comparing two consecutive measurements
    • Harris EK, Yasaka T. On the calculation of a "reference change" for comparing two consecutive measurements. Clin Chem 29: 25-30, 1983.
    • (1983) Clin Chem , vol.29 , pp. 25-30
    • Harris, E.K.1    Yasaka, T.2
  • 164
    • 0021923831 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans
    • Harrison MH. Effects of thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans. Phys Rev 65: 149-209, 1985.
    • (1985) Phys Rev , vol.65 , pp. 149-209
    • Harrison, M.H.1
  • 165
    • 77649303979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with moderate and severe dehydration
    • Hayajneh WA, Jdaitawi H, Al SA, Hayajneh YA. Comparison of clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with moderate and severe dehydration. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 50: 290-294, 2010.
    • (2010) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.50 , pp. 290-294
    • Hayajneh, W.A.1    Jdaitawi, H.2    Al, S.A.3    Hayajneh, Y.A.4
  • 166
    • 77950858629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of progressive dehydration on strength and power: Is there a dose response?
    • Hayes LD, Morse CI. The effects of progressive dehydration on strength and power: Is there a dose response? Eur J Appl Physiol 108: 701-707, 2010.
    • (2010) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.108 , pp. 701-707
    • Hayes, L.D.1    Morse, C.I.2
  • 167
    • 84905167795 scopus 로고
    • The state of water in mammalian tissues
    • Hetherington M. The state of water in mammalian tissues. J Physiol 73: 184-188, 1931.
    • (1931) J Physiol , vol.73 , pp. 184-188
    • Hetherington, M.1
  • 168
    • 28444498126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular water homeostasis and the mammalian cellular osmotic stress response
    • Ho SN. Intracellular water homeostasis and the mammalian cellular osmotic stress response. J Cell Physiol 206: 9-15, 2006.
    • (2006) J Cell Physiol , vol.206 , pp. 9-15
    • Ho, S.N.1
  • 169
    • 77954821992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infections diarrhea cellular and molecular mechanisms
    • Hodges K, Gill R. Infections diarrhea cellular and molecular mechanisms. Gut Microbes 1: 4-21, 2010.
    • (2010) Gut Microbes , vol.1 , pp. 4-21
    • Hodges, K.1    Gill, R.2
  • 170
    • 0014592694 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of whole-body impedance with total body water volume
    • Hoffer E, Meador C, Simpson D. Correlation of whole-body impedance with total body water volume. J Appl Physiol 27: 531-534, 1969.
    • (1969) J Appl Physiol , vol.27 , pp. 531-534
    • Hoffer, E.1    Meador, C.2    Simpson, D.3
  • 171
    • 0029024271 scopus 로고
    • The effect of water restriction on anaerobic power and vertical jumping height in basketball players
    • Hoffman JR, Stavsky H, Falk B. The effect of water restriction on anaerobic power and vertical jumping height in basketball players. Int J Sports Med 16: 214-218, 1995.
    • (1995) Int J Sports Med , vol.16 , pp. 214-218
    • Hoffman, J.R.1    Stavsky, H.2    Falk, B.3
  • 172
    • 0013838433 scopus 로고
    • Water, and salt and water: A distinction should be made
    • Holliday M. Water, and salt and water: A distinction should be made. Pediatrics 36: 821-824, 1965.
    • (1965) Pediatrics , vol.36 , pp. 821-824
    • Holliday, M.1
  • 173
    • 0032785972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular fluid and its proteins: Dehydration, shock, and recovery
    • Holliday M. Extracellular fluid and its proteins: Dehydration, shock, and recovery. Pediatr Nephrol 13: 989-995, 1999.
    • (1999) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 989-995
    • Holliday, M.1
  • 174
    • 0033635959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamble and Darrow: Pathfinders in body fluid physiology and fluid therapy for children, 1914-1964
    • Holliday M. Gamble and Darrow: Pathfinders in body fluid physiology and fluid therapy for children, 1914-1964. Pediatr Nephrol 15: 317-324, 2000.
    • (2000) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 317-324
    • Holliday, M.1
  • 175
    • 0033046057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular fluid restoration in dehydration: A critique of rapid versus slow
    • Holliday MA, Friedman AL,Wassner SJ. Extracellular fluid restoration in dehydration: A critique of rapid versus slow. Pediatr Nephrol 13: 292-297, 1999.
    • (1999) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 292-297
    • Holliday, M.A.1    Friedman, A.L.2    Wassner, S.J.3
  • 176
    • 17344390290 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors and reflex control of sodium and water homeostasis
    • Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 26
    • Honig A. Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors and reflex control of sodium and water homeostasis. Am J Physiol 257 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 26): R1282-R1302, 1989.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol , vol.257
    • Honig, A.1
  • 177
    • 0033044889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis of research on sport performance enhancement
    • Hopkins WG, Hawley JA, Burke LM. Design and analysis of research on sport performance enhancement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 472-485, 1999.
    • (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.31 , pp. 472-485
    • Hopkins, W.G.1    Hawley, J.A.2    Burke, L.M.3
  • 178
    • 33847700887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatigue in tennis: Mechanisms of fatigue and effect on performance
    • Hornery DJ, Farrow D, Mujika I, Young W. Fatigue in tennis: Mechanisms of fatigue and effect on performance. Sports Med 37: 199-212, 2007.
    • (2007) Sports Med , vol.37 , pp. 199-212
    • Hornery, D.J.1    Farrow, D.2    Mujika, I.3    Young, W.4
  • 181
    • 0342589163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental influences on body fluid balance during exercise: Altitude
    • Buskirk E, Puhl S, editors. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Hoyt R, Honig A. Environmental influences on body fluid balance during exercise: Altitude. In: Buskirk E, Puhl S, editors. Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1996, pp. 183- 196.
    • (1996) Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport , pp. 183-196
    • Hoyt, R.1    Honig, A.2
  • 182
    • 0000198996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fluid and energy metabolism at high altitude
    • Blatteis CM, Fregley MJ, editors. New York: Oxford University Press for the American Physiological Society
    • Hoyt RW, Honig A. Body fluid and energy metabolism at high altitude. In: Blatteis CM, Fregley MJ, editors. Handbook of Physiology: Adaptation to the Environment. New York: Oxford University Press for the American Physiological Society, 1996, pp. 1277-1289.
    • (1996) Handbook of Physiology: Adaptation to the Environment , pp. 1277-1289
    • Hoyt, R.W.1    Honig, A.2
  • 183
    • 4043084803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of human cells to desiccation: Comparison with hyperosmotic stress response
    • Huang Z, Tunnacliffe A. Response of human cells to desiccation: Comparison with hyperosmotic stress response. J Physiol 558: 181-191, 2004.
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.558 , pp. 181-191
    • Huang, Z.1    Tunnacliffe, A.2
  • 184
    • 0001622285 scopus 로고
    • The heat illnesses: Biochemical, ultrastructural, and fluid-electrolyte considerations
    • Pandolf KB, Sawka MN, Gonzalez RR, editors. Traverse City, MI: Cooper Publishing Group
    • Hubbard RW, Armstrong LE. The heat illnesses: Biochemical, ultrastructural, and fluid-electrolyte considerations. In: Pandolf KB, Sawka MN, Gonzalez RR, editors. Human Performance Physiology and Environmental Medicine at Terrestrial Extremes. Traverse City, MI: Cooper Publishing Group, 1988, pp. 305-359.
    • (1988) Human Performance Physiology and Environmental Medicine at Terrestrial Extremes. , pp. 305-359
    • Hubbard, R.W.1    Armstrong, L.E.2
  • 185
    • 0016513436 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 70 degrees tilt, LBNP, and passive standing as measrues of orthostatic tolerance
    • Hyatt KH, Jacobson LB, Schneider VS. Comparison of 70 degrees tilt, LBNP, and passive standing as measrues of orthostatic tolerance. Aviat Space Environ Med 46: 801-808, 1975.
    • (1975) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.46 , pp. 801-808
    • Hyatt, K.H.1    Jacobson, L.B.2    Schneider, V.S.3
  • 187
    • 84876085111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate.
    • Institute of Medicine. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press
    • Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 188
    • 0019189095 scopus 로고
    • The effects of thermal dehydration on performance of the wingate anaerobic test
    • Jacobs I. The effects of thermal dehydration on performance of the wingate anaerobic test. Int J Sports Medicine 1: 21-24, 1980.
    • (1980) Int J Sports Medicine , vol.1 , pp. 21-24
    • Jacobs, I.1
  • 189
    • 33749551683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total body water measurement by a modification of the bioimpedance spectroscopy method
    • Jaffrin M, Fenech M, Moreno M, Kieffer R. Total body water measurement by a modification of the bioimpedance spectroscopy method. Med Bio Eng Comput 44: 873-882, 2006.
    • (2006) Med Bio Eng Comput , vol.44 , pp. 873-882
    • Jaffrin, M.1    Fenech, M.2    Moreno, M.3    Kieffer, R.4
  • 190
    • 0024008179 scopus 로고
    • Desirable performance standards for assays of serum water and osmolality
    • Jahan A, Browning MC, Fraser CG. Desirable performance standards for assays of serum water and osmolality. Clin Chem 34: 995, 1988.
    • (1988) Clin Chem , vol.34 , pp. 995
    • Jahan, A.1    Browning, M.C.2    Fraser, C.G.3
  • 191
    • 0029351468 scopus 로고
    • Dehydration and orthostatic vital signs in women with hyperemesis gravidarum
    • Johnson DR, Douglas D, Hauswald M, Tandberg D. Dehydration and orthostatic vital signs in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Acad Emerg Med 2: 692-697, 1995.
    • (1995) Acad Emerg Med , vol.2 , pp. 692-697
    • Johnson, D.R.1    Douglas, D.2    Hauswald, M.3    Tandberg, D.4
  • 193
    • 0036213577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioenergetic constraints on tactical decision making in middle distance running
    • Jones AM, Whipp BJ. Bioenergetic constraints on tactical decision making in middle distance running. Br J Sports Med 36: 102-104, 2002.
    • (2002) Br J Sports Med , vol.36 , pp. 102-104
    • Jones, A.M.1    Whipp, B.J.2
  • 194
    • 34748897377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydration and muscular performance: does fluid balance affect strength, power and high-intensity endurance?
    • Judelson D, Maresh C, Anderson J, Armstrong L, Casa D, Kraemer W. Hydration and muscular performance: does fluid balance affect strength, power and high-intensity endurance? Sports Med 37: 907- 921, 2007.
    • (2007) Sports Med , vol.37 , pp. 907-921
    • Judelson, D.1    Maresh, C.2    Anderson, J.3    Armstrong, L.4    Casa, D.5    Kraemer, W.6
  • 196
    • 0014803989 scopus 로고
    • Renal responses to various rates of exercise
    • Kachadorian WA, Johnson RE. Renal responses to various rates of exercise. J Appl Physiol 28: 748-752, 1970.
    • (1970) J Appl Physiol , vol.28 , pp. 748-752
    • Kachadorian, W.A.1    Johnson, R.E.2
  • 197
    • 0030802802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acritical evaluation of ultrasound measurement of inferior vena cava diameter in assessing dry weight in normotensive and hypertensive hemodialysis patients
    • Katzarski KS, Nisell J, Randmaa I, Danielsson A, Freyschuss U, Bergstrom J.Acritical evaluation of ultrasound measurement of inferior vena cava diameter in assessing dry weight in normotensive and hypertensive hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 30: 459-465, 1997.
    • (1997) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.30 , pp. 459-465
    • Katzarski, K.S.1    Nisell, J.2    Randmaa, I.3    Danielsson, A.4    Freyschuss, U.5    Bergstrom, J.6
  • 198
    • 0345257050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise starts and ends in the brain
    • Kayser B. Exercise starts and ends in the brain. Eur J Appl Physiol 90: 411-419, 2003.
    • (2003) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.90 , pp. 411-419
    • Kayser, B.1
  • 203
    • 0022458303 scopus 로고
    • The effects of rapid weight loss and rehydratation on a wrestling performance test
    • Klinzing JE, Karpowicz W. The effects of rapid weight loss and rehydratation on a wrestling performance test. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 26: 149-156, 1986.
    • (1986) J Sports Med Phys Fitness , vol.26 , pp. 149-156
    • Klinzing, J.E.1    Karpowicz, W.2
  • 204
    • 0025423296 scopus 로고
    • Immersion diuresis occurs independently ofwater temperatures in the range 25 degrees-35 degrees C
    • Knight D, Horvath S. Immersion diuresis occurs independently ofwater temperatures in the range 25 degrees-35 degrees C. Undersea Biomed Res 17: 255-256, 1990.
    • (1990) Undersea Biomed Res , vol.17 , pp. 255-256
    • Knight, D.1    Horvath, S.2
  • 205
    • 0019222198 scopus 로고
    • Use of the tilt test in measuring acute blood loss
    • Knopp R, Claypool R, Leonardi D. Use of the tilt test in measuring acute blood loss. Ann Emerg Med 9: 72-75, 1980.
    • (1980) Ann Emerg Med , vol.9 , pp. 72-75
    • Knopp, R.1    Claypool, R.2    Leonardi, D.3
  • 207
    • 4744361075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital.Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Laboratory reference values.
    • Kratz A, Ferraro M, Sluss PM, Lewandrowski KB. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital.Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Laboratory reference values. N Engl J Med 351: 1548-1563, 2004.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1548-1563
    • Kratz, A.1    Ferraro, M.2    Sluss, P.M.3    Lewandrowski, K.B.4
  • 209
    • 67650028990 scopus 로고
    • Insensible perspiration
    • Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford
    • Kuno Y. Insensible perspiration. In: Human Perspiration. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1956, pp. 3-41.
    • (1956) Human Perspiration , pp. 3-41
    • Kuno, Y.1
  • 210
    • 0029740978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measures
    • Kushner R, Gudivaka R, Schoeller D. Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measures. Am J Clin Nutr 64 (suppl.): 423S-427S, 1996.
    • (1996) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Kushner, R.1    Gudivaka, R.2    Schoeller, D.3
  • 211
    • 84873766061 scopus 로고
    • The effects of water and salt intake upon the performance of men working in hot and humid environments
    • Ladell W. The effects of water and salt intake upon the performance of men working in hot and humid environments. J Physiol 127: 11-46, 1955.
    • (1955) J Physiol , vol.127 , pp. 11-46
    • Ladell, W.1
  • 212
    • 0005130380 scopus 로고
    • Water and Salt (sodium chloride) Intakes
    • NewYork: Academic Press, In: Edholm OG, Bacharach AL, editors
    • Ladell W. Water and Salt (sodium chloride) Intakes. In: Edholm OG, Bacharach AL, editors. The Physiology of Human Survival. NewYork: Academic Press, 1965, pp. 235-299.
    • (1965) The Physiology of Human Survival , pp. 235-299
    • Ladell, W.1
  • 213
    • 84883105325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cell hydration on metabolism
    • Lang F. Effect of cell hydration on metabolism. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Series 69: 115-126, 2011.
    • (2011) Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Series , vol.69 , pp. 115-126
    • Lang, F.1
  • 214
    • 70449148997 scopus 로고
    • Skin turgor as a quantitative index of dehydration in children
    • Laron Z. Skin turgor as a quantitative index of dehydration in children. Pediatrics 19: 816-822, 1957.
    • (1957) Pediatrics , vol.19 , pp. 816-822
    • Laron, Z.1
  • 216
    • 0005201211 scopus 로고
    • An antidiuretic mechanism not regulated by extracellular fluid tonicity
    • Leaf A, Mamby AR. An antidiuretic mechanism not regulated by extracellular fluid tonicity. J Clin Invest 31: 60-71, 1952.
    • (1952) J Clin Invest , vol.31 , pp. 60-71
    • Leaf, A.1    Mamby, A.R.2
  • 217
    • 50349138897 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the volume of the plasma, interstitial and intracellular fluid spaces during hydration and dehydration in normal and edematous subjects
    • Leard SE, Freis ED. Changes in the volume of the plasma, interstitial and intracellular fluid spaces during hydration and dehydration in normal and edematous subjects. Am J Med 7: 647-654, 1949.
    • (1949) Am J Med , vol.7 , pp. 647-654
    • Leard, S.E.1    Freis, E.D.2
  • 219
    • 0015449499 scopus 로고
    • Cold-induced diuresis. A study with special reference to electrolyte excretion, osmolal balance and hormonal changes.
    • Lennquist S. Cold-induced diuresis. A study with special reference to electrolyte excretion, osmolal balance and hormonal changes. Scand J Urol Nephrol 9: 1-142, 1972.
    • (1972) Scand J Urol Nephrol , vol.9 , pp. 1-142
    • Lennquist, S.1
  • 221
    • 0006219881 scopus 로고
    • Studies of aldosterone in relation towater and electrolyte balance in man
    • Leutscher J, Jr. Studies of aldosterone in relation towater and electrolyte balance in man. Recent Prog Horm Res 12: 175-184, 1956.
    • (1956) Recent Prog Horm Res , vol.12 , pp. 175-184
    • Leutscher Jr, J.1
  • 222
    • 0026716136 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the tilt test in an adult emergency medicine population
    • Levitt MA, Lopez B, Lieberman ME, Sutton M. Evaluation of the tilt test in an adult emergency medicine population. Ann Emerg Med 21: 713-718, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 713-718
    • Levitt, M.A.1    Lopez, B.2    Lieberman, M.E.3    Sutton, M.4
  • 223
    • 34848895985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydration and cognition: a critical review and recommendations for future research
    • Lieberman HR. Hydration and cognition: a critical review and recommendations for future research. J Am Coll Nutr 26: 555S-561S, 2007.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.26
    • Lieberman, H.R.1
  • 225
    • 77956772585 scopus 로고
    • Increased aldosterone output during sodium deprivation in normal men
    • Luetscher JA, Jr, Axelrad BJ. Increased aldosterone output during sodium deprivation in normal men. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 87: 650-653, 1954.
    • (1954) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.87 , pp. 650-653
    • Luetscher Jr, J.A.1    Axelrad, B.J.2
  • 226
    • 0020595839 scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary sodium and protein on urine volume and water intake
    • Luft FC, Fineberg NS, Sloan RS, Hunt JN. The effect of dietary sodium and protein on urine volume and water intake. J Lab Clin Med 101: 605-610, 1983.
    • (1983) J Lab Clin Med , vol.101 , pp. 605-610
    • Luft, F.C.1    Fineberg, N.S.2    Sloan, R.S.3    Hunt, J.N.4
  • 227
    • 0021911516 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body
    • Lukaski H, Johnson P, Bolonchuk W, Lykken G. Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. Am J Clin Nutr 41: 810-817, 1985.
    • (1985) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.41 , pp. 810-817
    • Lukaski, H.1    Johnson, P.2    Bolonchuk, W.3    Lykken, G.4
  • 228
    • 12744265204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonographic measurement of the inferior vena cava as a marker of blood loss
    • Lyon M, Blaivas M, Brannam L. Sonographic measurement of the inferior vena cava as a marker of blood loss. Am J Emerg Med 23: 45-50, 2005.
    • (2005) Am J Emerg Med , vol.23 , pp. 45-50
    • Lyon, M.1    Blaivas, M.2    Brannam, L.3
  • 229
    • 33845385025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The body fluid and hemopoietic systems
    • Tipton CM, editor. Baltimore: Lippincott Willimans & Wilkins
    • Mack GW. The body fluid and hemopoietic systems. In: Tipton CM, editor. ACSM's Advanced Exercise Physiology. Baltimore: Lippincott Willimans & Wilkins, 2006, pp. 501-520.
    • (2006) ACSM's Advanced Exercise Physiology , pp. 501-520
    • Mack, G.W.1
  • 230
    • 0001277348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fluid balance during heat stress in humans
    • Fregley MJ, Blatteis CM, editors. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    • Mack GW, Nadel ER. Body fluid balance during heat stress in humans. In: Fregley MJ, Blatteis CM, editors. Handbook of Physiology. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996, pp. 187-214.
    • (1996) Handbook of Physiology , pp. 187-214
    • Mack, G.W.1    Nadel, E.R.2
  • 231
    • 84861441188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Previous-day hypohydration impairs skill performance in elite female field hockey players
    • Macleod H, Sunderland C. Previous-day hypohydration impairs skill performance in elite female field hockey players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 22: 430-438, 2012.
    • (2012) Scand J Med Sci Sports , vol.22 , pp. 430-438
    • Macleod, H.1    Sunderland, C.2
  • 232
    • 0005113204 scopus 로고
    • The potential of water in mammalian tissues
    • Maffly RH, Leaf A. The potential of water in mammalian tissues. J Gen Physiol 42: 1257-1275, 1959.
    • (1959) J Gen Physiol , vol.42 , pp. 1257-1275
    • Maffly, R.H.1    Leaf, A.2
  • 235
    • 34548795464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration in extreme temperatures while conducting stability and support operations in a combat zone
    • Manning EP, Wilson B. Dehydration in extreme temperatures while conducting stability and support operations in a combat zone. Mil Med 172: 972-976, 2007.
    • (2007) Mil Med , vol.172 , pp. 972-976
    • Manning, E.P.1    Wilson, B.2
  • 236
    • 47549096309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares
    • Marik PE, Baram M, Vahid B. Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares. Chest 134: 172-178, 2008.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.134 , pp. 172-178
    • Marik, P.E.1    Baram, M.2    Vahid, B.3
  • 238
    • 84905164153 scopus 로고
    • Some phases of the pathology of nutrition in infancy
    • Marriott WM. Some phases of the pathology of nutrition in infancy. Arch Pediat Adol Med 20: 461, 1920.
    • (1920) Arch Pediat Adol Med , vol.20 , pp. 461
    • Marriott, W.M.1
  • 239
    • 84868373771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating the associations between hydration and exercise performance: methodology and limitations
    • Maughan RJ. Investigating the associations between hydration and exercise performance: methodology and limitations. Nutr Rev 70(Suppl 2): S128-S131, 2012.
    • (2012) Nutr Rev , vol.70 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Maughan, R.J.1
  • 240
    • 34547684824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and hydration concerns of the female football player
    • Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. Nutrition and hydration concerns of the female football player. Br J Sports Med 41(Suppl 1): i60-i63, 2007.
    • (2007) Br J Sports Med , vol.41 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 160-163
    • Maughan, R.J.1    Shirreffs, S.M.2
  • 241
    • 53549118022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of individual hydration strategies for athletes
    • Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. Development of individual hydration strategies for athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 18: 457-472, 2008.
    • (2008) Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab , vol.18 , pp. 457-472
    • Maughan, R.J.1    Shirreffs, S.M.2
  • 242
    • 77955284163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of clinical signs for assessment of dehydration in endurance athletes
    • McGarvey J, Thompson J, Hanna C, Noakes TD, Stewart J, Speedy D. Sensitivity and specificity of clinical signs for assessment of dehydration in endurance athletes. Br J Sports Med 44: 716-719, 2010.
    • (2010) Br J Sports Med , vol.44 , pp. 716-719
    • McGarvey, J.1    Thompson, J.2    Hanna, C.3    Noakes, T.D.4    Stewart, J.5    Speedy, D.6
  • 243
    • 0033577337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rational clinical examination. Is this patient hypovolemic?
    • McGee S, Abernethy WB, III, Simel DL. The rational clinical examination. Is this patient hypovolemic? JAMA 281: 1022-1029, 1999.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1022-1029
    • McGee, S.1    Abernethy III, W.B.2    Simel, D.L.3
  • 244
    • 84905179369 scopus 로고
    • Desert thirst as disease
    • McGee W. Desert thirst as disease. Inter Med J 13: 1-23, 1906.
    • (1906) Inter Med J , vol.13 , pp. 1-23
    • McGee, W.1
  • 245
    • 0032723231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of intermittent high-intensity shuttle running and fluid ingestion on the performance of a soccer skill
    • McGregor SJ, Nicholas CW, Lakomy HK, Williams C. The influence of intermittent high-intensity shuttle running and fluid ingestion on the performance of a soccer skill. J Sports Sci 17: 895-903, 1999.
    • (1999) J Sports Sci , vol.17 , pp. 895-903
    • McGregor, S.J.1    Nicholas, C.W.2    Lakomy, H.K.3    Williams, C.4
  • 246
    • 1442349124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological regulation of thirst and fluid intake
    • McKinley MJ, Johnson AK. The physiological regulation of thirst and fluid intake. News Physiol Sci 19: 1-6, 2004.
    • (2004) News Physiol Sci , vol.19 , pp. 1-6
    • McKinley, M.J.1    Johnson, A.K.2
  • 247
    • 84874316316 scopus 로고
    • The effect of antecendent diet on urine concentrating ability
    • Meroney WH, Rubini ME, Blythe WB. The effect of antecendent diet on urine concentrating ability. Ann Intern Med 48: 562-573, 1958.
    • (1958) Ann Intern Med , vol.48 , pp. 562-573
    • Meroney, W.H.1    Rubini, M.E.2    Blythe, W.B.3
  • 249
    • 0026687239 scopus 로고
    • Influence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during exercise
    • Montain SJ, Coyle EF. Influence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during exercise. J Appl Physiol 73: 1340-1350, 1992.
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.73 , pp. 1340-1350
    • Montain, S.J.1    Coyle, E.F.2
  • 251
    • 0030943283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone and vasopressin responses in the heat: Hydration level and exercise intensity effects
    • Montain SJ, Laird JE, Latzka WA, Sawka MN. Aldosterone and vasopressin responses in the heat: Hydration level and exercise intensity effects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29: 661-668, 1997.
    • (1997) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.29 , pp. 661-668
    • Montain, S.J.1    Laird, J.E.2    Latzka, W.A.3    Sawka, M.N.4
  • 252
    • 0028805194 scopus 로고
    • Control of thermoregulatory sweating is altered by hydration level and exercise intensity
    • Montain SJ, Latzka WA, Sawka MN. Control of thermoregulatory sweating is altered by hydration level and exercise intensity. J Appl Physiol 79: 1434-1439, 1995.
    • (1995) J Appl Physiol , vol.79 , pp. 1434-1439
    • Montain, S.J.1    Latzka, W.A.2    Sawka, M.N.3
  • 254
    • 77958106540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypohydration and muscular fatigue of the thumb alter median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials
    • Montain SJ, Tharion WJ. Hypohydration and muscular fatigue of the thumb alter median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 35: 456-463, 2010.
    • (2010) Appl Physiol Nutr Metab , vol.35 , pp. 456-463
    • Montain, S.J.1    Tharion, W.J.2
  • 255
    • 79951960871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point-of-care Ultrasonography
    • Moore C, Copel J. Point-of-care Ultrasonography. N Engl J Med 364: 749-757, 2011.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 749-757
    • Moore, C.1    Copel, J.2
  • 256
    • 0000276083 scopus 로고
    • Determination of total body water and solids with isotopes
    • Moore F. Determination of total body water and solids with isotopes. Science 104: 157-160, 1946.
    • (1946) Science , vol.104 , pp. 157-160
    • Moore, F.1
  • 257
    • 0014138485 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) control of importance to the surgical patient
    • Moran WH, Jr, Zimmermann B. Mechanisms of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) control of importance to the surgical patient. Surgery 62: 639- 644, 1967.
    • (1967) Surgery , vol.62
    • Moran Jr, W.H.1    Zimmermann, B.2
  • 258
    • 79960842921 scopus 로고
    • A comparison between dehydration from salt loss and from water deprivation
    • Nadal JW, Pedersen S, Maddock WG. A comparison between dehydration from salt loss and from water deprivation. J Clin Invest 20: 691-703, 1941.
    • (1941) J Clin Invest , vol.20 , pp. 691-703
    • Nadal, J.W.1    Pedersen, S.2    Maddock, W.G.3
  • 259
    • 0019154793 scopus 로고
    • Circulatory and thermal regulations during exercise
    • Nadel ER. Circulatory and thermal regulations during exercise. Fed Proc 39: 1491-1497, 1980.
    • (1980) Fed Proc , vol.39 , pp. 1491-1497
    • Nadel, E.R.1
  • 261
    • 84905167796 scopus 로고
    • Circulatory Adjustments During Heat Stress
    • N. Holland Biomed. Press
    • Nadel ER, Fortney SM, Wenger CB. Circulatory Adjustments During Heat Stress. N. Holland Biomed. Press, 1980, pp. 303-313.
    • (1980) , pp. 303-313
    • Nadel, E.R.1    Fortney, S.M.2    Wenger, C.B.3
  • 262
    • 0035699168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water ingestion improves subjective alertness, but has no effect on cognitive performance in dehydrated healthy young volunteers
    • Neave N, Scholey AB, Emmett JR, Moss M, Kennedy DO,Wesnes KA. Water ingestion improves subjective alertness, but has no effect on cognitive performance in dehydrated healthy young volunteers. Appetite 37: 255-256, 2001.
    • (2001) Appetite , vol.37 , pp. 255-256
    • Neave, N.1    Scholey, A.B.2    Emmett, J.R.3    Moss, M.4    Kennedy, D.O.5    Wesnes, K.A.6
  • 263
    • 33646167707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction results in decreased blood volume in dialysis patients
    • Nette RW, Ie EH, Vletter WB, Krams R, Weimar W, Zietse R. Norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction results in decreased blood volume in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 1305-1311, 2006.
    • (2006) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.21 , pp. 1305-1311
    • Nette, R.W.1    Ie, E.H.2    Vletter, W.B.3    Krams, R.4    Weimar, W.5    Zietse, R.6
  • 266
    • 34247882617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for determining plasma water content: Application in pseudohyponatremia
    • Nguyen M, Ornekian V, Butch A, Kurtz I. A new method for determining plasma water content: Application in pseudohyponatremia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F1652-F1656, 2007.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.292
    • Nguyen, M.1    Ornekian, V.2    Butch, A.3    Kurtz, I.4
  • 267
    • 0023739845 scopus 로고
    • Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans
    • Nose H, Mack GW, Shi X, Nadel ER. Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans. J Appl Physiol 65: 325-331, 1988.
    • (1988) J Appl Physiol , vol.65 , pp. 325-331
    • Nose, H.1    Mack, G.W.2    Shi, X.3    Nadel, E.R.4
  • 268
    • 0023747153 scopus 로고
    • Shift in body fluid compartments after dehydration in humans
    • Nose H, Mack GW, Shi XR, Nadel ER. Shift in body fluid compartments after dehydration in humans. J Appl Physiol 65: 318-324, 1988.
    • (1988) J Appl Physiol , vol.65 , pp. 318-324
    • Nose, H.1    Mack, G.W.2    Shi, X.R.3    Nadel, E.R.4
  • 269
    • 77956619519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference change values of blood analytes from physically active subjects
    • Nunes LA, Brenzikofer R, de Macedo DV. Reference change values of blood analytes from physically active subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 110: 191-198, 2010.
    • (2010) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.110 , pp. 191-198
    • Nunes, L.A.1    Brenzikofer, R.2    de Macedo, D.V.3
  • 270
    • 0035115601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of marked hyperthermia with and without dehydration on VO(2) kinetics during intense exercise
    • Nybo L, Jensen T, Nielsen B, Gonzalez-Alonso J. Effects of marked hyperthermia with and without dehydration on VO(2) kinetics during intense exercise. J Appl Physiol 90: 1057-1064, 2001.
    • (2001) J Appl Physiol , vol.90 , pp. 1057-1064
    • Nybo, L.1    Jensen, T.2    Nielsen, B.3    Gonzalez-Alonso, J.4
  • 271
    • 0036068199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioelectrical impedance to estimate changes in hydration status
    • O'Brien C, Young A, Sawka M. Bioelectrical impedance to estimate changes in hydration status. Int J Sports Med 23: 361-366, 2002.
    • (2002) Int J Sports Med , vol.23 , pp. 361-366
    • O'Brien, C.1    Young, A.2    Sawka, M.3
  • 272
    • 0031884866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypohydration and thermoregulation in cold air
    • O'Brien C, Young AJ, Sawka MN. Hypohydration and thermoregulation in cold air. J Appl Physiol 84: 185-189, 1998.
    • (1998) J Appl Physiol , vol.84 , pp. 185-189
    • O'Brien, C.1    Young, A.J.2    Sawka, M.N.3
  • 273
    • 49149123353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saliva indices track hypohydration during 48 h of fluid restriction or combined fluid and energy restriction
    • Oliver SJ, Laing SJ, Wilson S, Bilzon JL, Walsh NP. Saliva indices track hypohydration during 48 h of fluid restriction or combined fluid and energy restriction. Archives of Oral Biology 53: 975-980, 2008.
    • (2008) Archives of Oral Biology , vol.53 , pp. 975-980
    • Oliver, S.J.1    Laing, S.J.2    Wilson, S.3    Bilzon, J.L.4    Walsh, N.P.5
  • 274
    • 84873832997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of fluid intake on soccer performance in a temperate environment
    • Owen JA, Kehoe SJ, Oliver SJ. Influence of fluid intake on soccer performance in a temperate environment. J Sports Sci 31: 1-10, 2013.
    • (2013) J Sports Sci , vol.31 , pp. 1-10
    • Owen, J.A.1    Kehoe, S.J.2    Oliver, S.J.3
  • 275
    • 0018193969 scopus 로고
    • Influence of local and central factors in dominating rated perceived exertion during physical work
    • Pandolf KB. Influence of local and central factors in dominating rated perceived exertion during physical work. Percept Mot Skills 46: 683- 698, 1978.
    • (1978) Percept Mot Skills , vol.46
    • Pandolf, K.B.1
  • 277
    • 77956187465 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the specific gravity of the urine
    • Pepper OH. Studies on the specific gravity of the urine. J Clin Invest 1: 13-19, 1924.
    • (1924) J Clin Invest , vol.1 , pp. 13-19
    • Pepper, O.H.1
  • 279
    • 0032858999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The index of individuality is often a misinterpreted quantity characteristic
    • Petersen PH, Fraser CG, Sandberg S, Goldschmidt H. The index of individuality is often a misinterpreted quantity characteristic. Clin Chem Lab Med 37: 655-661, 1999.
    • (1999) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.37 , pp. 655-661
    • Petersen, P.H.1    Fraser, C.G.2    Sandberg, S.3    Goldschmidt, H.4
  • 280
    • 0035044109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of index of individuality on false positives in repeated sampling from healthy individuals
    • Petersen PH, Sandberg S, Fraser CG, Goldschmidt H. Influence of index of individuality on false positives in repeated sampling from healthy individuals. Clin Chem Lab Med 39: 160-165, 2001.
    • (2001) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.39 , pp. 160-165
    • Petersen, P.H.1    Sandberg, S.2    Fraser, C.G.3    Goldschmidt, H.4
  • 281
    • 0021128733 scopus 로고
    • Body fluid changes, thirst and drinking in man during free access to water
    • Phillips PA, Rolls BJ, Ledingham JG, Morton JJ. Body fluid changes, thirst and drinking in man during free access to water. Physiol Behav 33: 357-363, 1984.
    • (1984) Physiol Behav , vol.33 , pp. 357-363
    • Phillips, P.A.1    Rolls, B.J.2    Ledingham, J.G.3    Morton, J.J.4
  • 282
    • 0036175293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impedance vector distribution by sex, race, body mass index, and age in the United States: Standard reference intervals as bivariate z scores
    • Piccoli A, Pillon L, Dumler F. Impedance vector distribution by sex, race, body mass index, and age in the United States: Standard reference intervals as bivariate z scores. Nutrition 18: 153-167, 2002.
    • (2002) Nutrition , vol.18 , pp. 153-167
    • Piccoli, A.1    Pillon, L.2    Dumler, F.3
  • 283
    • 0028048393 scopus 로고
    • Anewmethod for monitoring body fluid variation by bioimpedance analysis: the RXc graph
    • Piccoli A, Rossi B, Pillon L, Bucciante G.Anewmethod for monitoring body fluid variation by bioimpedance analysis: the RXc graph. Kidney International 46: 534-539, 1994.
    • (1994) Kidney International , vol.46 , pp. 534-539
    • Piccoli, A.1    Rossi, B.2    Pillon, L.3    Bucciante, G.4
  • 284
  • 285
    • 0020571557 scopus 로고
    • Oral rehydration in hypernatremic and hyponatremic diarrheal dehydration
    • Pizarro D, Posada G, Villavicencio N, Mohs E, Levine M. Oral rehydration in hypernatremic and hyponatremic diarrheal dehydration. Am J Dis Child 137: 730-734, 1983.
    • (1983) Am J Dis Child , vol.137 , pp. 730-734
    • Pizarro, D.1    Posada, G.2    Villavicencio, N.3    Mohs, E.4    Levine, M.5
  • 287
    • 80052267838 scopus 로고
    • The relation of specific gravity to composition and total solids in normal human urine
    • Price JW, Miller M, Hayman JM. The relation of specific gravity to composition and total solids in normal human urine. J Clin Invest 19: 537-554, 1940.
    • (1940) J Clin Invest , vol.19 , pp. 537-554
    • Price, J.W.1    Miller, M.2    Hayman, J.M.3
  • 288
    • 0020042932 scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced changes in common laboratory tests
    • Priest J, Oei T, Moorehead W. Exercise-induced changes in common laboratory tests. Am J Clin Pathol 77: 285-289, 1982.
    • (1982) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.77 , pp. 285-289
    • Priest, J.1    Oei, T.2    Moorehead, W.3
  • 289
    • 0033974507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic opening of hte blood-brain barrier: Principles, mechanism, and therapeutic applications
    • Rapoport S. Osmotic opening of hte blood-brain barrier: Principles, mechanism, and therapeutic applications. Cell Mol Neurobiol 20: 217- 230, 2000.
    • (2000) Cell Mol Neurobiol , vol.20
    • Rapoport, S.1
  • 290
    • 80054694694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance to central hypovolemia: The influence of oscillations in arterial pressure and cerebral blood velocity
    • Rickards CA, Ryan KL, Cooke WH, Convertino VA. Tolerance to central hypovolemia: The influence of oscillations in arterial pressure and cerebral blood velocity. J Appl Physiol 111: 1048-1058, 2011.
    • (2011) J Appl Physiol , vol.111 , pp. 1048-1058
    • Rickards, C.A.1    Ryan, K.L.2    Cooke, W.H.3    Convertino, V.A.4
  • 291
    • 0025362757 scopus 로고
    • Quality goals for hormone testing
    • Ricós C, Arbós M. Quality goals for hormone testing. Ann Clin Biochem 27: 353-358, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.27 , pp. 353-358
    • Ricós, C.1    Arbós, M.2
  • 293
    • 0017286832 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of blood osmolality and blood volume in regulating plasma vasopressin in man
    • Robertson GL, Athar S. The interaction of blood osmolality and blood volume in regulating plasma vasopressin in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 42: 613-620, 1976.
    • (1976) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.42 , pp. 613-620
    • Robertson, G.L.1    Athar, S.2
  • 294
    • 0015863106 scopus 로고
    • Development and clinical application of a new method for the radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin in human plasma
    • Robertson GL, Mahr EA, Athar S, Sinha T. Development and clinical application of a new method for the radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin in human plasma. J Clin Invest 52: 2340-2352, 1973.
    • (1973) J Clin Invest , vol.52 , pp. 2340-2352
    • Robertson, G.L.1    Mahr, E.A.2    Athar, S.3    Sinha, T.4
  • 296
    • 1642394081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration despite drinking: Beyond the BUN/Creatinine ratio
    • Robinson BE, Weber H. Dehydration despite drinking: Beyond the BUN/Creatinine ratio. J Am Med Dir Assoc 5: S67-S71, 2004.
    • (2004) J Am Med Dir Assoc , vol.5
    • Robinson, B.E.1    Weber, H.2
  • 300
    • 0027265236 scopus 로고
    • Weight changes in critically ill patients evaluated by fluid balances and impedance measurements
    • Roos AN, Westendorp RG, Frolich M, Meinders AE. Weight changes in critically ill patients evaluated by fluid balances and impedance measurements. Crit Care Med 21: 871-877, 1993.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 871-877
    • Roos, A.N.1    Westendorp, R.G.2    Frolich, M.3    Meinders, A.E.4
  • 301
    • 0002553768 scopus 로고
    • Voluntary dehydration
    • Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. Rochester: Interscience Publishers Inc
    • Rothstein A, Adolph EF, Wills JH. Voluntary dehydration. In: Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. Physiology of Man in the Desert. Rochester: Interscience Publishers Inc, 1947, pp. 254-277.
    • (1947) Physiology of Man in the Desert , pp. 254-277
    • Rothstein, A.1    Adolph, E.F.2    Wills, J.H.3
  • 302
    • 0345537494 scopus 로고
    • Blood circulation and temperature of men dehydrating in the heat
    • Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. New York, NY: Interscience
    • Rothstein A, Towbin EJ. Blood circulation and temperature of men dehydrating in the heat. In: Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC, editors. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York, NY: Interscience, 1947, pp. 172-196.
    • (1947) Physiology of Man in the Desert , pp. 172-196
    • Rothstein, A.1    Towbin, E.J.2
  • 304
    • 0034808193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged exercise following diureticinduced hypohydration effects on fluid and electrolyte hormones
    • Roy BD, Green HJ, Burnett M. Prolonged exercise following diureticinduced hypohydration effects on fluid and electrolyte hormones. Horm Metab Res 33: 540-547, 2001.
    • (2001) Horm Metab Res , vol.33 , pp. 540-547
    • Roy, B.D.1    Green, H.J.2    Burnett, M.3
  • 305
    • 79959480025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of exercise on skill proficiency in soccer
    • Russell M, Kingsley M. Influence of exercise on skill proficiency in soccer. Sports Med 41: 523-539, 2011.
    • (2011) Sports Med , vol.41 , pp. 523-539
    • Russell, M.1    Kingsley, M.2
  • 306
    • 0001655558 scopus 로고
    • Circulatory response to submaximal and maximal exercise after thermal dehydration
    • Saltin B. Circulatory response to submaximal and maximal exercise after thermal dehydration. J Appl Physiol 19: 1125-1132, 1964.
    • (1964) J Appl Physiol , vol.19 , pp. 1125-1132
    • Saltin, B.1
  • 307
    • 0037974519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian urea transporters
    • Sands JM. Mammalian urea transporters. Annu Rev Physiol 65: 543- 566, 2003.
    • (2003) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.65
    • Sands, J.M.1
  • 308
    • 0026719050 scopus 로고
    • Physiological consequences of hypohydration: Exercise performance and thermoregulation
    • Sawka MN. Physiological consequences of hypohydration: Exercise performance and thermoregulation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24: 657-670, 1992.
    • (1992) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.24 , pp. 657-670
    • Sawka, M.N.1
  • 310
    • 84857577773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High skin temperature and hypohydration impair aerobic performance
    • Sawka MN, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW. High skin temperature and hypohydration impair aerobic performance. Exp Physiol 97: 327-332, 2012.
    • (2012) Exp Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 327-332
    • Sawka, M.N.1    Cheuvront, S.N.2    Kenefick, R.W.3
  • 311
    • 84857658040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated physiological mechanisms of exercise performance, adaptation and maladaptation to heat stress
    • Sawka MN, Leon LR, Montain SJ, Sonna LA. Integrated physiological mechanisms of exercise performance, adaptation and maladaptation to heat stress. Comp Physiol 1: 1883-1928, 2011.
    • (2011) Comp Physiol , vol.1 , pp. 1883-1928
    • Sawka, M.N.1    Leon, L.R.2    Montain, S.J.3    Sonna, L.A.4
  • 312
    • 34548316868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does dehydration impair exercise performance?
    • Sawka MN, Noakes TD. Does dehydration impair exercise performance? Med Sci Sports Exerc 39: 1209-1217, 2007.
    • (2007) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.39 , pp. 1209-1217
    • Sawka, M.N.1    Noakes, T.D.2
  • 313
    • 0020635199 scopus 로고
    • Hypohydration and exercise: Effects of heat acclimation, gender, and environment
    • Sawka MN, Toner MM, Francesconi RP, Pandolf KB. Hypohydration and exercise: Effects of heat acclimation, gender, and environment. J Appl Physiol 55: 1147-1153, 1983.
    • (1983) J Appl Physiol , vol.55 , pp. 1147-1153
    • Sawka, M.N.1    Toner, M.M.2    Francesconi, R.P.3    Pandolf, K.B.4
  • 314
    • 0022357350 scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulatory and blood responses during exercise at graded hypohydration levels
    • Sawka MN, Young AJ, Francesconi RP, Muza SR, Pandolf KB. Thermoregulatory and blood responses during exercise at graded hypohydration levels. J Appl Physiol 59: 1394-1401, 1985.
    • (1985) J Appl Physiol , vol.59 , pp. 1394-1401
    • Sawka, M.N.1    Young, A.J.2    Francesconi, R.P.3    Muza, S.R.4    Pandolf, K.B.5
  • 316
    • 0002237630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrometry
    • Roche AF, Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG, editors. Springfield, IL: Human Kinetics
    • Schoeller D. Hydrometry. In: Roche AF, Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG, editors. Human Body Composition. Springfield, IL: Human Kinetics, 1996, pp. 25-42.
    • (1996) Human Body Composition , pp. 25-42
    • Schoeller, D.1
  • 317
    • 0025288692 scopus 로고
    • Body fluid volume regulation in health and disease: A unifying hypothesis
    • Schrier RW. Body fluid volume regulation in health and disease: A unifying hypothesis. Ann Intern Med 113: 155-159, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , pp. 155-159
    • Schrier, R.W.1
  • 318
    • 0016436504 scopus 로고
    • Nonosmolar factors affecting renal water excretion (first of two parts)
    • Schrier RW, Berl T. Nonosmolar factors affecting renal water excretion (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 292: 81-88, 1975.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.292 , pp. 81-88
    • Schrier, R.W.1    Berl, T.2
  • 319
    • 0016432847 scopus 로고
    • Nonosmolar factors affecting renal water excretion (second of two parts)
    • Schrier RW, Berl T. Nonosmolar factors affecting renal water excretion (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 292: 141-145, 1975.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.292 , pp. 141-145
    • Schrier, R.W.1    Berl, T.2
  • 321
    • 0025775525 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of extracellular and total body water by multiple-frequency bioelectrical-impedance measurement
    • Segal K, Burastero S, Chun A, Coronel P, Pierson RJ, Wang J. Estimation of extracellular and total body water by multiple-frequency bioelectrical-impedance measurement. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 26-29, 1991.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.54 , pp. 26-29
    • Segal, K.1    Burastero, S.2    Chun, A.3    Coronel, P.4    Pierson, R.J.5    Wang, J.6
  • 322
    • 0000250535 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of antidiuretic hormone release in man: I. Effects of change in position and ambient temperature on blood ADH levels.
    • Segar WE, Moore WW. The regulation of antidiuretic hormone release in man: I. Effects of change in position and ambient temperature on blood ADH levels. J Clin Invest 47: 2143-2151, 1968.
    • (1968) J Clin Invest , vol.47 , pp. 2143-2151
    • Segar, W.E.1    Moore, W.W.2
  • 323
    • 0019405384 scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term biological variation in analytes in urine of apparently healthy individuals
    • Shephard MD, Penberthy LA, Fraser CG. Short- and long-term biological variation in analytes in urine of apparently healthy individuals. Clin Chem 27: 569-573, 1981.
    • (1981) Clin Chem , vol.27 , pp. 569-573
    • Shephard, M.D.1    Penberthy, L.A.2    Fraser, C.G.3
  • 324
    • 0020055527 scopus 로고
    • The use (and misuse) of urinary sodium and chloride measurements
    • Sherman RA, Eisinger RP. The use (and misuse) of urinary sodium and chloride measurements. JAMA 247: 3121-3124, 1982.
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.247 , pp. 3121-3124
    • Sherman, R.A.1    Eisinger, R.P.2
  • 325
    • 0036097841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solute-free versus electrolyte-free water clearance in the analysis of osmoregulation
    • Shimizu K, Kurosawa T, Sanjo T, Hoshino M, Nonaka T. Solute-free versus electrolyte-free water clearance in the analysis of osmoregulation. Nephron 91: 51-57, 2002.
    • (2002) Nephron , vol.91 , pp. 51-57
    • Shimizu, K.1    Kurosawa, T.2    Sanjo, T.3    Hoshino, M.4    Nonaka, T.5
  • 326
    • 0028004035 scopus 로고
    • The effect of posture change on blood volume, serum potassium and whole body electrical impedance
    • Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. The effect of posture change on blood volume, serum potassium and whole body electrical impedance. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 69: 461-463, 1994.
    • (1994) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 461-463
    • Shirreffs, S.M.1    Maughan, R.J.2
  • 327
    • 0031775213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine osmolality and conductivity as indices of hydration status in athletes in the heat
    • Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. Urine osmolality and conductivity as indices of hydration status in athletes in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30: 1598-1602, 1998.
    • (1998) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.30 , pp. 1598-1602
    • Shirreffs, S.M.1    Maughan, R.J.2
  • 328
    • 3142628484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fluid restriction on hydration status and subjective feelings in man
    • Shirreffs SM, Merson SJ, Fraser SM, Archer DT. The effects of fluid restriction on hydration status and subjective feelings in man. Br J Nutr 91: 951-958, 2004.
    • (2004) Br J Nutr , vol.91 , pp. 951-958
    • Shirreffs, S.M.1    Merson, S.J.2    Fraser, S.M.3    Archer, D.T.4
  • 329
    • 0028338515 scopus 로고
    • Application of the clearance concept to hyponatremic and hypernatremic disorders: A phenomenological analysis
    • Shoker AS. Application of the clearance concept to hyponatremic and hypernatremic disorders: A phenomenological analysis. Clin Chem 40: 1220-1227, 1994.
    • (1994) Clin Chem , vol.40 , pp. 1220-1227
    • Shoker, A.S.1
  • 331
    • 0002714839 scopus 로고
    • The effects of mood state on judgemental accuracy: Processing strategy as a mechanism
    • Sinclair RC, Mark MM. The effects of mood state on judgemental accuracy: Processing strategy as a mechanism. Cogn Emot 417-438, 1995.
    • (1995) Cogn Emot , pp. 417-438
    • Sinclair, R.C.1    Mark, M.M.2
  • 332
    • 0014280085 scopus 로고
    • Effects of weight reduction on selected anthropometric, physical, and performance measures of wrestlers
    • Singer RN, Weiss SA. Effects of weight reduction on selected anthropometric, physical, and performance measures of wrestlers. Res Q 39: 361-369, 1968.
    • (1968) Res Q , vol.39 , pp. 361-369
    • Singer, R.N.1    Weiss, S.A.2
  • 334
    • 0000218079 scopus 로고
    • Salt andwater volume receptors: An exercise in physiologic apologetics
    • Smith HW. Salt andwater volume receptors: An exercise in physiologic apologetics. Am J Med 23: 623-652, 1957.
    • (1957) Am J Med , vol.23 , pp. 623-652
    • Smith, H.W.1
  • 337
    • 0017092860 scopus 로고
    • Circulatory responses to submaximal exercise after dehydration and rehydration
    • Sproles CB, Smith DP, Byrd RJ, Allen TE. Circulatory responses to submaximal exercise after dehydration and rehydration. J Sports Med 16: 98-105, 1976.
    • (1976) J Sports Med , vol.16 , pp. 98-105
    • Sproles, C.B.1    Smith, D.P.2    Byrd, R.J.3    Allen, T.E.4
  • 338
    • 0019791611 scopus 로고
    • Methodology for the assessment of new dichotomous diagnostic tests
    • Staquet M, Rozencweig M, Lee YJ, Muggia FM. Methodology for the assessment of new dichotomous diagnostic tests. J Chronic Dis 34: 599-610, 1981.
    • (1981) J Chronic Dis , vol.34 , pp. 599-610
    • Staquet, M.1    Rozencweig, M.2    Lee, Y.J.3    Muggia, F.M.4
  • 340
    • 67349286164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensivist use of hand-carried ultrasonography to measure IVC collapsibility in estimating intravascular volume status: correlations with CVP
    • Stawicki S, Braslow B, Panebianco N, Kirkpatrick J, Gracias V, Hayden G, Dean A. Intensivist use of hand-carried ultrasonography to measure IVC collapsibility in estimating intravascular volume status: correlations with CVP. J Am Coll Surg 209: 55-61, 2009.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Surg , vol.209 , pp. 55-61
    • Stawicki, S.1    Braslow, B.2    Panebianco, N.3    Kirkpatrick, J.4    Gracias, V.5    Hayden, G.6    Dean, A.7
  • 343
    • 34249071419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine specific gravity and other urinary indices: Inaccurate tests for dehydration
    • Steiner MJ, Nager AL, Wang VJ. Urine specific gravity and other urinary indices: Inaccurate tests for dehydration. Pediatr Emerg Care 23: 298-303, 2007.
    • (2007) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.23 , pp. 298-303
    • Steiner, M.J.1    Nager, A.L.2    Wang, V.J.3
  • 344
    • 0021170705 scopus 로고
    • Interpreting the fractional excretion of sodium
    • Steiner RW. Interpreting the fractional excretion of sodium. Am J Med 77: 699-702, 1984.
    • (1984) Am J Med , vol.77 , pp. 699-702
    • Steiner, R.W.1
  • 345
    • 0014342708 scopus 로고
    • Physiological factors associated with sweating during exercise
    • Stolwijk J, Saltin B, Gagge A. Physiological factors associated with sweating during exercise. Aerosp Med 39: 1101-1105, 1968.
    • (1968) Aerosp Med , vol.39 , pp. 1101-1105
    • Stolwijk, J.1    Saltin, B.2    Gagge, A.3
  • 347
    • 21244453505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-intensity intermittent running and field hockey skill performance in the heat
    • Sunderland C, Nevill ME. High-intensity intermittent running and field hockey skill performance in the heat. J Sports Sci 23: 531-540, 2005.
    • (2005) J Sports Sci , vol.23 , pp. 531-540
    • Sunderland, C.1    Nevill, M.E.2
  • 349
    • 0028938915 scopus 로고
    • Osmoregulatory modulation of thermal sweating in humans: Reflex effects of drinking
    • Takamata A, Mack GW, Gillen CM, Jozsi AC, Nadel ER. Osmoregulatory modulation of thermal sweating in humans: Reflex effects of drinking. Am J Physiol 268: R414-R422, 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268
    • Takamata, A.1    Mack, G.W.2    Gillen, C.M.3    Jozsi, A.C.4    Nadel, E.R.5
  • 350
    • 0031844462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of plasma osmolality in the delayed onset of thermal cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in humans
    • Takamata A, Nagashima K, Nose H, Morimoto T. Role of plasma osmolality in the delayed onset of thermal cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in humans. Am J Physiol 275: R286-R290, 1998.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Takamata, A.1    Nagashima, K.2    Nose, H.3    Morimoto, T.4
  • 352
    • 0030757940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory predictors of fluid deficit in acutely dehydrated children
    • Teach SJ, Yates EW, Feld LG. Laboratory predictors of fluid deficit in acutely dehydrated children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 36: 395-400, 1997.
    • (1997) Clin Pediatr (Phila) , vol.36 , pp. 395-400
    • Teach, S.J.1    Yates, E.W.2    Feld, L.G.3
  • 353
    • 0028810677 scopus 로고
    • Blood volume change and redistribution after change in posture
    • Theodoridis GC, Lee JS. Blood volume change and redistribution after change in posture. Aviat Space Environ Med 66: 1097-1102, 1995.
    • (1995) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.66 , pp. 1097-1102
    • Theodoridis, G.C.1    Lee, J.S.2
  • 354
    • 0032079339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioimpedance spectrometry in the determination of body water compartments: Accuracy and clinical significance
    • Thomas BJ, Ward LC, Cornish BH. Bioimpedance spectrometry in the determination of body water compartments: Accuracy and clinical significance. Appl Radiat Isot 49: 447-455, 1998.
    • (1998) Appl Radiat Isot , vol.49 , pp. 447-455
    • Thomas, B.J.1    Ward, L.C.2    Cornish, B.H.3
  • 355
    • 0023277038 scopus 로고
    • Acute suppression of plasma vasopressin and thirst after drinking in hypernatremic humans
    • Thompson CJ, Burd JM, Baylis PH. Acute suppression of plasma vasopressin and thirst after drinking in hypernatremic humans. Am J Physiol 252: R1138-R1142, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Physiol , vol.252
    • Thompson, C.J.1    Burd, J.M.2    Baylis, P.H.3
  • 356
    • 0000824005 scopus 로고
    • The effect of posture upon the composition and volume of the blood in man
    • Thompson WO, Thompson PK, Dailey ME. The effect of posture upon the composition and volume of the blood in man. J Clin Invest 5: 573-604, 1928.
    • (1928) J Clin Invest , vol.5 , pp. 573-604
    • Thompson, W.O.1    Thompson, P.K.2    Dailey, M.E.3
  • 357
    • 47949128479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The normal tear film
    • Tiffany JM. The normal tear film. Dev Ophthalmol 41: 1-20, 2008.
    • (2008) Dev Ophthalmol , vol.41 , pp. 1-20
    • Tiffany, J.M.1
  • 358
    • 0028345457 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of effects of a physiologic artificial tear on the corneal epithelial barrier: Electrical resistance and carboxyfluorescein permeability
    • Ubels JL, Williams KK, Lopez BD, Edelhauser HF. Evaluation of effects of a physiologic artificial tear on the corneal epithelial barrier: Electrical resistance and carboxyfluorescein permeability. Adv Exp Med Biol 350: 441-452, 1994.
    • (1994) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.350 , pp. 441-452
    • Ubels, J.L.1    Williams, K.K.2    Lopez, B.D.3    Edelhauser, H.F.4
  • 359
    • 0027998918 scopus 로고
    • Validation of bioelectrical-impedance measurements as a method to estimate body-water compartments
    • van Marken Lichtenbelt W, Westerterp K, Wouters L, Luijendijk S. Validation of bioelectrical-impedance measurements as a method to estimate body-water compartments. Am J Clin Nutr 60: 159-166, 1994.
    • (1994) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.60 , pp. 159-166
    • van Marken Lichtenbelt, W.1    Westerterp, K.2    Wouters, L.3    Luijendijk, S.4
  • 360
    • 0030741269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the usefulness of clinical and laboratory parameters for predicting percentage of dehydration in children
    • Vega RM, Avner JR. A prospective study of the usefulness of clinical and laboratory parameters for predicting percentage of dehydration in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 13: 179-182, 1997.
    • (1997) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.13 , pp. 179-182
    • Vega, R.M.1    Avner, J.R.2
  • 361
    • 26944478620 scopus 로고
    • The antidiuretic hormone and the factors which determine its release
    • Verney EB. The antidiuretic hormone and the factors which determine its release. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 135: 25-106, 1947.
    • (1947) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.135 , pp. 25-106
    • Verney, E.B.1
  • 362
    • 34848924614 scopus 로고
    • Industrial fatigue in relation to atmospheric conditions
    • Vernon HM. Industrial fatigue in relation to atmospheric conditions. Physiol Rev 8: 130-150, 1928.
    • (1928) Physiol Rev , vol.8 , pp. 130-150
    • Vernon, H.M.1
  • 363
    • 52049119534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of dehydration in older people admitted to hospital: What are the strongest indicators?
    • Vivanti A, Harvey K, Ash S, Battistutta D. Clinical assessment of dehydration in older people admitted to hospital: What are the strongest indicators? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 47: 340-355, 2008.
    • (2008) Arch Gerontol Geriatr , vol.47 , pp. 340-355
    • Vivanti, A.1    Harvey, K.2    Ash, S.3    Battistutta, D.4
  • 364
    • 35448979589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic neural control of integrated cardiovascular function: Insights from measurement of human sympathetic nerve activity
    • Wallin BG, Charkoudian N. Sympathetic neural control of integrated cardiovascular function: Insights from measurement of human sympathetic nerve activity. Muscle Nerve 36: 595-614, 2007.
    • (2007) Muscle Nerve , vol.36 , pp. 595-614
    • Wallin, B.G.1    Charkoudian, N.2
  • 366
    • 0742305925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saliva flow rate, total protein concentration and osmolality as potential markers of whole body hydration status during progressive acute dehydration in humans
    • Walsh NP, Montague JC, Callow N, Rowlands AV. Saliva flow rate, total protein concentration and osmolality as potential markers of whole body hydration status during progressive acute dehydration in humans. Arch Oral Biol 49: 149-154, 2004.
    • (2004) Arch Oral Biol , vol.49 , pp. 149-154
    • Walsh, N.P.1    Montague, J.C.2    Callow, N.3    Rowlands, A.V.4
  • 367
    • 0028147224 scopus 로고
    • Impaired high-intensity cycling performance time at low levels of dehydration
    • Walsh RM, Noakes TD, Hawley JA, Dennis SC. Impaired high-intensity cycling performance time at low levels of dehydration. Int J Sports Med 15: 392-398, 1994.
    • (1994) Int J Sports Med , vol.15 , pp. 392-398
    • Walsh, R.M.1    Noakes, T.D.2    Hawley, J.A.3    Dennis, S.C.4
  • 369
    • 0031933864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential errors in the application of mixture theory to multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis
    • Ward L, Elia M, Cornish B. Potential errors in the application of mixture theory to multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physiol Meas 19: 53-60, 1998.
    • (1998) Physiol Meas , vol.19 , pp. 53-60
    • Ward, L.1    Elia, M.2    Cornish, B.3
  • 370
    • 1242273773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of fluid consumption on the forest workers' performance strategy
    • Wasterlund DS, Chaseling J, Burstrom L. The effect of fluid consumption on the forest workers' performance strategy. Appl Ergon 35: 29-36, 2004.
    • (2004) Appl Ergon , vol.35 , pp. 29-36
    • Wasterlund, D.S.1    Chaseling, J.2    Burstrom, L.3
  • 372
    • 84905157270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artifacts in plasma volume changes due to hematology analyzer-derived hematocrit
    • Watson P, Maughan RJ. Artifacts in plasma volume changes due to hematology analyzer-derived hematocrit. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013.
    • (2013) Med Sci Sports Exerc
    • Watson, P.1    Maughan, R.J.2
  • 373
    • 0025304009 scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of a weight loss regimen practiced by college wrestlers
    • Webster S, Rutt R, Weltman A. Physiological effects of a weight loss regimen practiced by college wrestlers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 22: 229- 234, 1990.
    • (1990) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.22
    • Webster, S.1    Rutt, R.2    Weltman, A.3
  • 374
    • 12244302628 scopus 로고
    • Effects of typical dehydration practices on performances
    • Webster SF, Rutt RA, Weltman A. Effects of typical dehydration practices on performances. Med Sports Exerc 20: S20, 1988.
    • (1988) Med Sports Exerc , vol.20
    • Webster, S.F.1    Rutt, R.A.2    Weltman, A.3
  • 375
    • 80052703854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of serial qualitative and quantitative assessments of caval index and left ventricular systolic function during early fluid resuscitation of hypotensive emergency department patients
    • Weekes AJ, Tassone HM, Babcock A, Quirke DP, Norton HJ, Jayarama K, Tayal VS. Comparison of serial qualitative and quantitative assessments of caval index and left ventricular systolic function during early fluid resuscitation of hypotensive emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med 18: 912-921, 2011.
    • (2011) Acad Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 912-921
    • Weekes, A.J.1    Tassone, H.M.2    Babcock, A.3    Quirke, D.P.4    Norton, H.J.5    Jayarama, K.6    Tayal, V.S.7
  • 376
    • 0017326430 scopus 로고
    • Delta check tables for the technicon SMA 6 continuous-flow analyzer
    • Wheeler L, Sheiner L. Delta check tables for the technicon SMA 6 continuous-flow analyzer. Clin Chem 23: 216-219, 1977.
    • (1977) Clin Chem , vol.23 , pp. 216-219
    • Wheeler, L.1    Sheiner, L.2
  • 377
    • 0032916805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within- and between-subject variation in commonly measured anthropometric and biochemical variables
    • Widjaja A, Morris RJ, Levy JC, Frayn KN, Manley SE, Turner RC. Within- and between-subject variation in commonly measured anthropometric and biochemical variables. Clin Chem 45: 561-566, 1999.
    • (1999) Clin Chem , vol.45 , pp. 561-566
    • Widjaja, A.1    Morris, R.J.2    Levy, J.C.3    Frayn, K.N.4    Manley, S.E.5    Turner, R.C.6
  • 378
    • 0001948271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of postural normotension in humans
    • Low, Benarroch, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins
    • Wieling W, Van Lieshout JJ. Maintenance of postural normotension in humans. In: Low, Benarroch, editors. Clinical Autonomic Disorders. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2008, pp. 57-67.
    • (2008) Clinical Autonomic Disorders , pp. 57-67
    • Wieling, W.1    Van Lieshout, J.J.2
  • 379
    • 0023317598 scopus 로고
    • Sweat osmolality values in normal adults
    • Willing S, Gamlen T. Sweat osmolality values in normal adults. Clin Chem 33: 612-613, 1987.
    • (1987) Clin Chem , vol.33 , pp. 612-613
    • Willing, S.1    Gamlen, T.2
  • 380
    • 84859158398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular drift during heat stress: Implications for exercise prescription
    • Wingo JE, Ganio MS, Cureton KJ. Cardiovascular drift during heat stress: Implications for exercise prescription. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 40: 88-94, 2012.
    • (2012) Exerc Sport Sci Rev , vol.40 , pp. 88-94
    • Wingo, J.E.1    Ganio, M.S.2    Cureton, K.J.3
  • 381
    • 0037262648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique Cutpoints for sitting-to standing orthostatic vital signs
    • Witting MD, Gallagher K. Unique Cutpoints for sitting-to standing orthostatic vital signs. Ann Emerg Med 21: 45-47, 2003.
    • (2003) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 45-47
    • Witting, M.D.1    Gallagher, K.2
  • 382
    • 78651011720 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of changes in plasma and extracellular fluid volume following changes in body content of water and certain solutes, by means of an osmometric equation
    • Wolf AV. Estimation of changes in plasma and extracellular fluid volume following changes in body content of water and certain solutes, by means of an osmometric equation. Amer J Physiol 153: 499-502, 1948.
    • (1948) Amer J Physiol , vol.153 , pp. 499-502
    • Wolf, A.V.1
  • 383
    • 49749166417 scopus 로고
    • The osmotic behavior of the body cells in man
    • Wynn V. The osmotic behavior of the body cells in man. The Lancet 273: 1212-1217, 1957.
    • (1957) The Lancet , vol.273 , pp. 1212-1217
    • Wynn, V.1
  • 384
    • 0025774654 scopus 로고
    • The reproducibility and heritability of individual differences in osmoregulatory function in normal human subjects
    • Zerbe RL, Miller JZ, Robertson GL. The reproducibility and heritability of individual differences in osmoregulatory function in normal human subjects. J Lab Clin Med 117: 51-59, 1991.
    • (1991) J Lab Clin Med , vol.117 , pp. 51-59
    • Zerbe, R.L.1    Miller, J.Z.2    Robertson, G.L.3
  • 385
    • 0027457620 scopus 로고
    • Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: A fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine
    • Zweig MH, Campbell G. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: A fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine. Clin Chem 39: 561-577, 1993.
    • (1993) Clin Chem , vol.39 , pp. 561-577
    • Zweig, M.H.1    Campbell, G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.