Rethinking the philosophical and theoretical foundations of organizational neuroscience: A critical realist alternative

Human Relations

Volumn 67, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 765-792

  Healey, Mark P ^a   Hodgkinson, Gerard P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

behavioural microfoundations; leadership; neuroeconomics; philosophy of science; quality of inferences; reductionism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84903887052     PISSN: 00187267     EISSN: 1741282X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0018726714530014     Document Type: Article

References (142)

1. Akinci C,Sadler-Smith E.Intuition in management research: A historical review.International Journal of Management Reviews. 2012;14:104-122.
2. Andrade EB,Ariely D.The enduring impact of transient emotions on decision making.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2009;109:1-8.
3. Babiak P,Hare RDSnakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work. New York: Harper; 2006:.
4. Balthazard PA,Waldman DA,Thatcher RW, et al.Differentiating transformational and non-transformational leaders on the basis of neurological imaging.Leadership Quarterly. 2012;23:244-258.
5. Bandura A.Social cognitive theory of self-regulation.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1991;50:248-287.
6. Barsade SG,Gibson DE.Why does affect matter in organizations?.Academy of Management Perspectives. 2007;21:36-59.
7. Barsalou LW.Perceptual symbol systems.Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 1999;22:577-660.
8. Barsalou LW.Grounded cognition.Annual Review of Psychology. 2008;59:617-645.
9. Bechara A,Damasio H,Damasio AR.Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex.Cerebral Cortex. 2000;10:295-307.
10. Becker WJ,Cropanzano R.Organizational neuroscience: The promise and prospects of an emerging discipline.Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2010;31:1055-1059.
11. Becker WJ,Cropanzano R,Sanfey AG.Organizational neuroscience: Taking organizational theory inside the neural black box.Journal of Management. 2011;37:933-961.
12. Beilock SL,Goldin-Meadow S.Gesture changes thought by grounding it in action.Psychological Science. 2010;21:1605-1610.
13. Bhaskar RA Realist Theory of Science. Leeds: Leeds Books; 1975:.
14. Bhaskar R.On the possibility of social scientific knowledge and the limits of naturalism.Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour. 1978;8:1-28.
15. Bhaskar RThe Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences. Brighton: Harvester; 1979:.
16. Bhaskar RThe Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences. 1989) The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences (2nd edn). Hemel Hempstead: Harvester.Hemel Hempstead: Harvester; 1989:.
17. Bhaskar RThe Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences. 1998) The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences (3rd edn). London: Routledge.London: Routledge; 1998:.
18. Bhaskar RA Realist Theory of Science. 2008) A Realist Theory of Science (rev. edn). London: Routledge.London: Routledge; 2008:.
19. Bhaskar RReclaiming Reality. London: Routledge; 2011:.
20. Bickhard M,Campbell DTDownward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter. Andersen PBEmmeche CFinnemann NO, ed. Århus: Aarhus University Press; 2000:322-348.
21. Black CMWorking for a Healthier Tomorrow. London: The Stationery Office; 2008:.
22. Blau PMOn the Nature of Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1974:.
23. Bunge M.Emergence and mind.Neuroscience. 1977;2:501-509.
24. Cacioppo JT,Berntson GG,Decety JHandbook of the History of Social Psychology. Kruglanski AWStroebe W, ed. New York: Psychology Press; 2012:123-136.
25. Campbell DTTheories of the Evolution of Knowing. Greenberg GTobach E, ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1990:1-17.
26. Carolan MS.Society, biology, and ecology: Bringing nature back into sociology's disciplinary narrative through critical realism.Organization & Environment. 2005;18:393-421.
27. Clark ABeing There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1997:.
28. Clark ASupersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action and Cognitive Extension. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008:.
29. Clarke J,Cornelissen J.Language, communication, and socially situated cognition in entrepreneurship.Academy of Management Review. 2011;36:776-778.
30. Cook SW,Tanenhaus MK.Embodied communication: Speakers' gestures affect listeners' actions.Cognition. 2009;113:98-104.
31. Cornelissen JP,Clarke JS.Imagining and rationalizing opportunities: Inductive reasoning and the creation and justification of new ventures.Academy of Management Review. 2010;35:539-557.
32. Cornelissen JP,Clarke JS,Cienki A.Sensegiving in entrepreneurial contexts: The use of metaphors in speech and gesture to gain and sustain support for novel business ventures.International Small Business Journal. 2012;30:213-241.
33. Cropanzano R,Becker WJ.The promise and peril of organizational neuroscience: Today and tomorrow.Journal of Management Inquiry. 2013;22:306-310.
34. Cunningham WA,Raye CL,Johnson MK.Implicit and explicit evaluation: fMRI correlates of valence, emotional intensity, and control in the processing of attitudes.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2004;16:1717-1729.
35. Damasio ARSelf Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain. New York: Pantheon Books; 2010:.
36. Dane E,Pratt MG.Exploring intuition and its role in managerial decision making.Academy of Management Review. 2007;32:33-54.
37. Debener S,Minow F,Emkes R, et al.How about taking a low-cost, small, and wireless EEG for a walk?.Psychophysiology. 2012;49:1617-1621.
38. Decety J,Grezes J.The power of simulation: Imagining one's own and other's behavior.Brain Research. 2006;1079:4-14.
39. Denyer D,Tranfield D,van Aken JE.Developing design propositions through research synthesis.Organization Studies. 2008;29:393-413.
40. DiMaggio PJ,Powell WW.The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields.American Sociological Review. 1983;48:147-160.
41. Donaldson LFor Positivist Organization Theory. London: SAGE; 1996:.
42. Elsbach KD,Barr PS,Hargadon AB.Identifying situated cognition in organizations.Organization Science. 2005;16:422-433.
43. Epitropaki O,Martin R.From ideal to real: A longitudinal study of the role of implicit leadership theories on leader-member exchanges and employee outcomes.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2005;90:659-676.
44. Feyerabend PScientific Explanation, Space, and Time (Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Feigl HMaxwell G, ed. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press; 1962:28-97.
45. Fleetwood S,Ackroyd SCritical Realist Applications in Organisation and Management Studies. London: Routledge; 2004:.
46. Fox ML,Dwyer DJ,Ganster DC.Effects of stressful job demands and control on physiological and attitudinal outcomes in a hospital setting.Academy of Management Journal. 1993;36:289-318.
47. Gavetti G,Levinthal D,Ocasio W.Neo-Carnegie: The Carnegie School's past, present, and reconstructing for the future.Organization Science. 2007;18:523-536.
48. Gazzaniga MS.The brain as boondoggle.Harvard Business Review. 2006;84:66.
49. Glenberg AM.What memory is for.Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 1997;20 (1): 1-55.
50. Glimcher PWFoundations of Neuroeconomic Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011:.
51. Goldin-Meadow S.The role of gesture in communication and thinking.Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 1999;3:419-429.
52. Goldin-Meadow S,Nusbaum H,Kelly SD, et al.Explaining math: Gesturing lightens the load.Psychological Science. 2001;12:516-522.
53. Green RH.Central state materialism and consciousness.Philosophy. 1981;56:106-113.
54. Hackman JR.Learning more by crossing levels: Evidence from airplanes, hospitals, and orchestras.Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2003;24:905-922.
55. Hackman JR,Oldham GR.Motivation through design of work: Test of a theory.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 1976;16:250-279.
56. Hannah ST,Avolio BJ and,May DR.Moral maturation and moral conation: A capacity approach to explaining moral thought and action.Academy of Management Review. 2011;36:663-685.
57. Hannah ST,Balthazard PA,Waldman DA, et al.The psychological and neurological bases of leader self-complexity and effects on adaptive decision-making.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2013;98:393-411.
58. Harre RThe Philosophies of Science: An Introductory Survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1972:.
59. Harre R.Emotions as cognitive-affective-somatic hybrids.Emotion Review. 2009;1:294-301.
60. Hinsz VB,Tindale RS,Vollrath DA.The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors.Psychological Bulletin. 1997;121:43-64.
61. Hodgkinson GP.Organizational identity and organizational identification: A critical realist design science perspective.Group and Organization Management. 2013;38:145-157.
62. Hodgkinson GP,Healey MP.Cognition in organizations.Annual Review of Psychology. 2008a;59:387-417.
63. Hodgkinson GP,Healey MP.Toward a (pragmatic) science of strategic intervention: Design propositions for scenario planning.Organization Studies. 2008b;29:435-457.
64. Hodgkinson GP,Healey MP.Psychological foundations of dynamic capabilities: Reflexion and reflection in strategic management.Strategic Management Journal. 2011;32:1500-1516.
65. Hodgkinson GP,Rousseau DM.Bridging the rigour-relevance gap in management research: It's already happening!.Journal of Management Studies. 2009;46:534-546.
66. Hodgkinson GP,Sadler-Smith E.Complex or unitary? A critique and empirical re-assessment of the Allinson-Hayes Cognitive Style Index.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2003;76:243-268.
67. Hodgkinson GP,Starkey K.Not simply returning to the same answer over and over again: Reframing relevance.British Journal of Management. 2011;22:355-369.
68. Hodgkinson GP,Starkey K.Extending the foundations and reach of design science: Further reflections on the role of critical realism.British Journal of Management. 2012;23:605-610.
69. Hooker CA.Towards a general theory of reduction. Part I: Historical and scientific setting.Dialogue. 1981a;20:38-59.
70. Hooker CA.Towards a general theory of reduction. Part II: Identity in reduction.Dialogue. 1981b;20:201-236.
71. Hutchins ECognition in the Wild. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1995:.
72. James N.Emotional labor: Skill and work in the social regulation of feelings.The Sociological Review. 1989;37:15-42.
73. Janis I,Mann LDecision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment. New York: Free Press; 1977:.
74. Johnson EO,Kamilaris TC,Chrousos GP, et al.Mechanisms of stress: A dynamic overview of hormonal and behavioral homeostasis.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 1992;16:115-130.
75. Karlsson N,Loewenstein G,Seppi D.The ostrich effect: Selective attention to information.Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 2009;38:95-115.
76. Keat R,Urry JSocial Theory as Science. London: Routledge; 1975:.
77. Kim J.Multiple realization and the metaphysics of reduction.Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 1992;52:1-26.
78. Kim JMind in a Physical World. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1998:.
79. Kim J.Making sense of emergence.Philosophical Studies. 1999;95:3-36.
80. Knoch D,Gianotti LRR,Pascual-Leone A, et al.Disruption of right prefrontal cortex by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces risk-taking behavior.Journal of Neuroscience. 2006;26:6469-6472.
81. Lashley KS.Basic neural mechanisms in behavior.Psychological Review. 1930;37:1-24.
82. Laureiro-Martínez D,Brusoni S,Zollo M.The neuroscientific foundations of the exploration-exploitation dilemma.Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics. 2010;3:95-115.
83. Laureiro-Martínez D,Brusoni S,Canessa N,Zollo M.Understanding the exploration-exploitation dilemma: An fMRI study of attention control and decision-making performance.Strategic Management Journal. 2014;:.
84. Lawrence A,Clark L,Labuzetta JN, et al.The innovative brain.Nature. 2008;456:168-169.
85. Leavitt K,Fong CT,Greenwald AG.Asking about well-being gets you half an answer: Intra-individual processes of implicit and explicit job attitudes.Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2011;32:672-687.
86. Lee N,Senior C,Butler MJR.The domain of organizational cognitive neuroscience: Theoretical and empirical challenges.Journal of Management. 2012;38:921-931.
87. Lieberman MD.Intuition: A social cognitive neuroscience approach.Psychological Bulletin. 2000;126:109-137.
88. Lieberman MD.Social cognitive neuroscience: A review of core processes.Annual Review of Psychology. 2007;58:259-289.
89. Lindebaum D.Pathologizing the healthy but ineffective: Some ethical reflections on using neuroscience in leadership research.Journal of Management Inquiry. 2013;22:295-305.
90. Lindebaum D,Zundel M.Not quite a revolution: Scrutinizing organizational neuroscience in leadership studies.Human Relations. 2013;66:857-877.
91. Loewenstein G.The pleasures and pains of information.Science. 2006;312:704-706.
92. Loewenstein G,Rick S,Cohen JD.Neuroeconomics.Annual Review of Psychology. 2008;59:647-672.
93. Lord RG,Emrich CG.Thinking outside the box by looking inside the box: Extending the cognitive revolution in leadership research.Leadership Quarterly. 2000;11:551-579.
94. Lord RG,Maher KJLeadership and Information Processing: Linking Perceptions and Performance. Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman; 1991:.
95. McClure SM,Laibson DI,Loewenstein G, et al.Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards.Science. 2004;306:503-507.
96. McLagan PA.A call to watch our paradigms!.Journal of Management Inquiry. 2013;22:314-316.
97. March JG,Simon HAOrganizations. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; 1993:.
98. Miller KD,Tsang EWK.Testing management theories: Critical realist philosophy and research methods.Strategic Management Journal. 2011;32:139-158.
99. Mintzberg H.Planning on left side and managing on right.Harvard Business Review. 1976;54:49-58.
100. Moll J,Zahn R,de Oliveira-Souza R, et al.The neural basis of human moral cognition.Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2005;6:799-809.
101. Morris JA,Feldman DC.The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labour.Academy of Management Review. 1996;21:986-1010.
102. Muller JL,Sommer M,Wagner V, et al.Abnormalities in emotion processing within cortical and subcortical regions in criminal psychopaths: Evidence from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using pictures with emotional content.Biological Psychiatry. 2003;54:152-162.
103. Murphy N,Brown WSDid My Neurons Make Me Do It? Philosophical and Neurobiological Perspectives on Moral Responsibility and Free Will. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007:.
104. Nagel EThe Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; 1961:.
105. Nicolaou N,Shane S,Cherkas L, et al.Is the tendency to engage in entrepreneurship genetic?.Management Science. 2008a;54:167-179.
106. Nicolaou N,Shane S,Cherkas L,Spector TD.The influence of sensation seeking in the heritability of entrepreneurship.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. 2008b;2:7-21.
107. Niedenthal PM.Embodying emotion.Science. 2007;316:1002-1005.
108. Norman DThe Psychology of Everyday Things. New York: Double Day; 1988:.
109. Ohira H,Matsunaga M,Kimura K, et al.Chronic stress modulates neural and cardiovascular responses during reversal learning.Neuroscience. 2011;193:193-204.
110. Pandza K,Thorpe R.Management as design, but what kind of design? An appraisal of the design science analogy for management.British Journal of Management. 2010;21:171-186.
111. Polanyi M.Life's irreducible structure.Science. 1968;160:1308-1312.
112. Postle BR.Working memory as an emergent property of the mind and brain.Neuroscience. 2006;139:23-38.
113. Postrel S,Rumelt RP.Incentives, routines, and self-command.Industrial and Corporate Change. 1992;1:397-425.
114. Powell TC.Neurostrategy.Strategic Management Journal. 2011;32:1484-1499.
115. Powell TC,Puccinelli NM.The brain as substitute for strategic organization.Strategic Organization. 2012;10:207-214.
116. Powell TC,Lovallo D,Fox CR.Behavioral strategy.Strategic Management Journal. 2011;32:1369-1386.
117. Reid M.Organization, trust and control: A realist analysis.Organization Studies. 2001;22:201-228.
118. Rizzolatti G,Craighero L.The mirror-neuron system.Annual Review of Neuroscience. 2004;27:169-192.
119. Robey D,Taggart W.Measuring managers' minds: The assessment of style in human information processing.Academy of Management Review. 1981;6:375-383.
120. Robinson SL,Morrison EW.The development of psychological contract breach and violation: A longitudinal study.Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2000;21:525-546.
121. Rueger A.Physical emergence, diachronic and synchronic.Synthese. 2000;124:297-322.
122. Rumelhart DE,McClelland JLParallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/MIT Press; 1986:.
123. Sadler-Smith E.Before virtue: Biology, brain, behavior, and the 'moral sense'.Business Ethics Quarterly. 2012;22:351-376.
124. Satpute AB,Lieberman MD.Integrating automatic and controlled processes into neurocognitive models of social cognition.Brain Research. 2006;1079:86-97.
125. Sayer AQuestioning Nineteenth Century Assumptions about Knowledge: II Reductionism. Lee RE, ed. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; 2010:5-39.
126. Senior C,Lee N,Butler M.Organizational cognitive neuroscience.Organization Science. 2011;22:804-815.
127. Seo MG,Barrett LF.Being emotional during decision making: Good or bad? An empirical investigation.Academy of Management Journal. 2007;50:923-940.
128. Sharp C,Monterosso J,Montague PR.Neuroeconomics: A bridge for translational research.Biological Psychiatry. 2012;72:87-92.
129. Simon HAThe Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1969:.
130. Smith ER,Semin GR.Socially situated cognition: Cognition in its social context.Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 2004;36:53-117.
131. Smith ER,Semin GR.Situated social cognition.Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2007;16:132-135.
132. Spiegelhalder K,Ohlendorf S,Regen W, et al.Interindividual synchronization of brain activity during live verbal communication.Behavioral Brain Research. 2014;258:75-79.
133. Spitzer M,Fischbacher U,Herrnberger B, et al.The neural signature of social norm compliance.Neuron. 2007;56:185-196.
134. Teece DJ.Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance.Strategic Management Journal. 2007;28:1319-1350.
135. Tranfield D,Starkey K.The nature, social organization and promotion of management research: Towards policy.British Journal of Management. 1998;9:341-353.
136. Tsang EWK,Kwan KM.Replication and theory development in organizational science: A critical realist perspective.Academy of Management Review. 1999;24:759-780.
137. Volk S,Kohler T.Brains and games: Applying neuroeconomics to organizational research.Organizational Research Methods. 2012;15:522-552.
138. Wang L,Murnighan JK.On greed.Academy of Management Annals. 2011;5:279-316.
139. Wilson M.Six views of embodied cognition.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2002;9:625-636.
140. Wimsatt WC.Emergence as non-aggregativity and the biases of reductionism.Foundations of Science. 2000;5:269-297.
141. Wong KFE,Yik M,Kwong JYY.Understanding the emotional aspects of escalation of commitment: The role of negative affect.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2006;91:282-297.
142. Zhao H,Wayne SJ,Glibkowski BC, et al.The impact of psychological contract breach on work-related outcomes: A meta-analysis.Personnel Psychology. 2007;60:647-680.