Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb's legacy

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 369, Issue 1648, 2014, Pages

  Soltis, Pamela S ^a   Liu, Xiaoxian ^a,b   Marchant, D Blaine ^a,b   Visger, Clayton J ^a,b   Soltis, Douglas E ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Gottlieb; Novelty; Polyploidy

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ALLOZYME; BIOCHEMISTRY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENOME; GENOTYPE; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; PHENOTYPE; PLANT; POLYMORPHISM; POLYPLOIDY;

EID: 84902966694     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0351     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. Stebbins GL. 1947 Types of polyploids: their classification and significance. Adv. Genet. 1, 403-429.
2. Stebbins GL. 1950 Variation and evolution in plants. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
3. Grant V. 1981 Plant speciation, 2nd edn. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
4. Bayer RJ, Purdy BG, Lebedyk DG. 1991 Niche differentiation among eight sexual species of Antennaria Gaertner (Asteraceae: Inuleae) and A. rosea, their allopolyploid derivative. Evol. Trends Plants 5, 109-123.
5. Grant V. 1971 Plant speciation. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
6. Anderson E. 1949 Introgressive hybridization. New York, NY: John Wiley.
7. Ehrendorfer F. 1980 Polyploidy and distribution. In Polyploidy: biological relevance (ed. W Lewis), pp. 45-66. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
8. McDade L. 1990 Hybrids and phylogenetic systematics. I. Patterns of character expression in hybrids and their implications for cladistic analysis. Evolution 44, 1685-1700. (doi:10.2307/2409347)
9. Rieseberg LH, Ellstrand NC, Arnold M. 1993 What can molecular and morphological markers tell us about plant hybridization? CRC. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 12, 213-241. (doi:10.1080/07352689309701902)
10. Rieseberg LH. 1995 The role of hybridization in evolution: old wine in new skins. Am. J. Bot. 82, 944-953. (doi:10.2307/2445981)
11. Rieseberg LH, Archer MA, Wayne RK. 1999 Transgressive segregation, adaptation and speciation. Heredity 83, 363-372. (doi:10.1046/j. 1365-2540.1999.00617.x)
12. Schwarzbach AE, Donovan LA, Rieseberg LH. 2001 Transgressive character expression in a hybrid sunflower species. Am. J. Bot. 88, 270-277. (doi:10.2307/2657018)
13. Roose ML, Gottlieb LD. 1976 Genetic and biochemical consequences of polyploidy in Tragopogon. Evolution 30, 818-830. (doi:10.2307/2407821)
14. Ownbey M. 1950 Natural hybridization and amphiploidy in the genus Tragopogon. Am. J. Bot. 37, 487-499. (doi:10.2307/2438023)
15. Golding GB, Strobeck C. 1983 Increased number of alleles found in hybrid populations due to intragenic recombination. Evolution 37, 17-29. (doi:10.2307/2408171)
16. Conant GC, Wolfe KH. 2006 Functional partitioning of yeast co-expression networks after genome duplication. PLoS Biol. 4, e109. (doi:10.1371/journal. pbio.0040109)
17. Hudson CM, Conant GC. 2012 Yeast as a window into changes in genome complexity due to polyploidization. In Polyploidy and genome evolution (eds PS Soltis, DE Soltis), pp. 293-308. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
18. Gottlieb LD. 1982 Conservation and duplication of isozymes in plants. Science 216, 373-380. (doi:10.1126/science.216.4544.373)
19. Gottlieb LD. 1973 Genetic differentiation, sympatric speciation, and the origin a diploid species of Stephanomeria. Am. J. Bot. 60, 545-553. (doi:10.2307/2441378)
20. Holsinger KE, Gottlieb LB. 1988 Isozyme variability in the tetraploid Clarkia gracilis (Onagraceae) and its diploid relatives. Syst. Bot. 13, 1-6. (doi:10.2307/2419235)
21. Levin DA. 1983 Polyploidy and novelty in flowering plants. Am. Nat. 122, 1-25. (doi:10.1086/284115)
22. Bennett MD. 1972 Nuclear DNA content and minimum generation time in herbaceous plants. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 181, 109-135. (doi:10.1098/ rspb.1972.0042)
23. Yoo M-J, Liu X, Pires JC, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. Submitted. Non-additive gene expression in polyploids. Ann. Rev. Genet.
24. Tate JA, Joshi P, Soltis KA, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2009 On the road to diploidization? Homoeolog loss in independently formed populations of the allopolyploid Tragopogon miscellus (Asteraceae). BMC Plant Biol. 9, 80. (doi:10.1186/1471-2229-9-80)
25. Chester M, Leitch A, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2010 Review of the application of modern cytogenetic methods (FISH/GISH) to the study of reticulation (polyploidy/hybridisation). Genes 1, 166-192. (doi:10.3390/genes1020166)
26. Soltis DE et al. 2013 The potential of genomics in plant systematics. Taxon 62, 886-898. (doi:10.12705/625.13)
27. Lim KY et al. 2008 Rapid chromosome evolution in recently formed polyploids in Tragopogon (Asteraceae). PLoS ONE 3, e3353. (doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0003353)
28. Chester M, Gallagher JP, Symonds VV, Veruska Cruz da Silva A, Mavrodiev EV, Leitch AR, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2012 Extensive chromosomal variation generated in a recently formed polyploid species, Tragopogon miscellus (Asteraceae). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 1176-1181. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1112041109)
29. Chester M, Lipman MJ, Gallagher JP, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2013 An assessment of karyotype restructuring in the neoallotetraploid Tragopogon miscellus (Asteraceae). Chrom. Res. 21, 75-85. (doi:10.1007/ s10577-013-9339-y)
30. Chester M, Riley RK, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. Submitted. Patterns of chromosomal variation in natural populations of the neoallotetraploid Tragopogon mirus (Asteraceae). Heredity.
31. Lipman MJ, Chester M, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2013 Natural hybrids between Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus (Asteraceae): a new perspective on karyotypic changes following hybridization at the polyploid level. Am. J. Bot. 100, 2016-2022. (doi:10.3732/ajb.1300036)
32. Xiong Z, Gaeta RT, Pires JC. 2011 Homoeologous shuffling and chromosome compensation maintain genome balance in resynthesized allopolyploid Brassica napus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 7908-7913. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1014138108)
33. Tate JA, Ni Z, Scheen A-C, Koh J, Gilbert CA, Lefkowitz D, Chen ZJ, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2006 Evolution and expression of homeologous loci in Tragopogon miscellus (Asteraceae), a recent and reciprocally formed allopolyploid. Genetics 173, 1599-1611. (doi:10.1534/genetics.106.057646)
34. Tate JA, Symonds VV, Doust AN, Buggs RJA, Mavrodiev E, Majure LC, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2009 Synthetic polyploids of Tragopogon miscellus and T. mirus (Asteraceae): 60 years after Ownbey's discovery. Am. J. Bot. 96, 979-988. (doi:10.3732/ ajb.0800299)
35. Buggs RJA, Doust AN, Tate JA, Koh J, Soltis K, Feltus FA, Paterson AH, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2009 Gene loss and silencing in Tragopogon miscellus (Asteraceae): comparison of natural and synthetic allotetraploids. Heredity 103, 73-81. (doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.24)
36. Buggs RJA, Chamala S, Wu W, Gao L, May GD, Schnable PS, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Barbazuk WB. 2010 Characterization of duplicate gene evolution in the recent natural allopolyploid Tragopogon miscellus by next-generation sequencing and Sequenom iPLEX MassARRAY genotyping. Mol. Ecol. 19(Suppl. 1), 132-146. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04469.x)
37. Buggs RJA, Chamala S, Wu W, Tate JA, Schnable PS, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Barbazuk WB. 2012 Rapid, repeated, and clustered loss of duplicate genes in allopolyploid plant populations of independent origin. Curr. Biol. 22, 248-252. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.027)
38. Koh J, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 2010 Homeolog loss and expression changes in natural populations of the recently and repeatedly formed allotetraploid Tragopogon mirus (Asteraceae). BMC Genomics 11, 97. (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-97)
39. Gaeta RT, Pires JC, Iniguez-Luy F, Osborn TO. 2007 Genomic changes in resynthesized Brassica napus and their effect on gene expression and phenotype. Plant Cell 19, 3403-3417. (doi:10.1105/tpc.107.054346)
40. Springer NM et al. 2009 Maize inbreds exhibit high levels of copy number variation (CNV) and presence/absence variation (PAV) in genome content. PLoS Genet. 5, e1000734. (doi:10.1371/ journal.pgen.1000734)
41. Schnable JC, Freeling M. 2012 Maize (Zea mays) as a model for studying impact of gene and regulatory sequence loss following whole-genome duplication. In Polyploidy and genome evolution (eds PS Soltis, DE Soltis), pp. 137-145. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
42. Schnable JC, Springer NM, Freeling M. 2011 Differentiation of the maize subgenomes by genome dominance and both ancient and ongoing gene loss. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA A. 108, 4069-4074. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1101368108)
43. Chen ZJ, Ha M, Soltis D. 2007 Polyploidy: genome obesity and its consequences. New Phytol. 174, 717-720. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02084.x)
44. Flagel LE, Wendel JF. 2010 Evolutionary rate variation, genomic dominance and duplicate gene expression evolution during allotetraploid cotton speciation. New Phytol. 186, 184-193. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03107.x)
45. Chen ZJ, Pikaard CS. 1997 Transcriptional analysis of nucleolar dominance in polyploid plants: biased expression/silencing of progenitor rRNA genes is developmentally regulated in Brassica. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 94, 3442-3447. (doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3442)
46. Garsmeur O, Schnable JC, Almeida A, Jourda C, D'Hont A, Freeling M. 2013 Two evolutionarily distinct classes of paleopolyploidy. Mol. Biol. Evol. 31, 448-454. (doi:10.1093/molbev/mst230)
47. Grover CE, Gallagher JP, Szadkowski EP, Yoo MJ, Flagel LE, Wendel JF. 2012 Homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance in allopolyploids. New Phytol. 196, 966. (doi:10.1111/ j.1469-8137.2012.04365.x)
48. Yoo M-J, Szadkowski E, Wendel JF. 2013 Homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance in allopolyploid cotton. Heredity 110, 171-180. (doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.94)
49. Rambani A, Page JT, Udall JA. 2014 Polyploidy and the petal transcriptome of Gossypium. BMC Plant Biol. 14, 3. (doi:10.1186/1471-2229-14-3)
50. Combes M-C, Dereeper A, Severac D, Bertrand B, Lashermes P. 2013 Contribution of subgenomes to the transcriptome and their intertwined regulation in the allopolyploid Coffea arabica grown at contrasted temperatures. New Phytol. 200, 251-260. (doi:10.1111/nph.12371)
51. Adams KL, Cronn R, Percifield R, Wendel JF. 2003 Genes duplicated by polyploidy show unequal contributions to the transcriptome and organspecific reciprocal silencing. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 4649-4654. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0630618100)
52. Adams KL, Percifield R, Wendel JF. 2004 Organspecific silencing of duplicated genes in a newly synthesized cotton allotetraploid. Genetics 168, 2217-2226. (doi:10.1534/genetics.104.033522)
53. Adams KL, Wendel JF. 2005 Allele-specific, bidirectional silencing of an alcohol dehydrogenase gene in different organs of interspecific diploid cotton hybrids. Genetics 171, 2139-2142. (doi:10.1534/genetics.105.047357)
54. Flagel LE, Chen L, Chaudhary B, Wendel JF. 2009 Coordinated and fine-scale control of homoeologous gene expression in allotetraploid cotton. J. Hered. 100, 487-490. (doi:10.1093/jhered/esp003)
55. Hovav R, Udall JA, Chaudhary B, Rapp R, Flagel L, Wendel JF. 2008 Partitioned expression of duplicated genes during development and evolution of a single cell in a polyploid plant. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 6191-6195. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0711569105)
56. Chaudhary B, Flagel L, Stupar RM, Udall JA, Verma N, Springer NM, Wendel JF. 2009 Reciprocal silencing, transcriptional bias and functional divergence of homeologs in polyploid cotton (Gossypium). Genetics 182, 503-517. (doi:10.1534/ genetics.109.102608)
57. Flagel L, Udall J, Nettleton D, Wendel J. 2008 Duplicate gene expression in allopolyploid Gossypium reveals two temporally distinct phases of expression evolution. BMC Biol. 6, 16. (doi:10.1186/ 1741-7007-6-16)
58. Rapp RA, Udall JA, Wendel JF. 2009 Genomic expression dominance in allopolyploids. BMC Biol. 7, 18. (doi:10.1186/1741-7007-7-18)
59. Buggs RJA, Wendel JF, Doyle JJ, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Coate JE. 2014 The legacy of diploid progenitors in allopolyploid gene expression patterns. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369, 20130354. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0354)
60. Roose ML, Gottlieb LD. 1980 Biochemical properties and level of expression of alcohol dehydrogenases in the allotetraploid plant Tragopogon miscellus and its diploid progenitors. Biochem. Genet. 18, 1065-1085. (doi:10.1007/BF00484339)
61. Kazan K. 2003 Alternative splicing and proteome diversity in plants: the tip of the iceberg has just emerged. Trends Plant Sci. 8, 468-471. (doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2003.09.001)
62. Barbazuk WB, Fu Y, McGinnis KM. 2008 Genomewide analyses of alternative splicing in plants: opportunities and challenges. Genome Res. 18, 1381-1392. (doi:10.1101/gr.053678.106)
63. Syed NH, Kalyna M, Marquez Y, Barta A, Brown JWS. 2012 Alternative splicing in plants-coming of age. Trends Plant Sci. 17, 616-623. (doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2012.06.001)
64. Reddy ASN, Marquez Y, Kalyna M, Barta A. 2013 Complexity of the alternative splicing landscape in plants. Plant Cell 25, 3657-3683. (doi:10.1105/tpc.113.117523)
65. Marquez Y, Brown JWS, Simpson C, Barta A, Kalyna M. 2012 Transcriptome survey reveals increased complexity of the alternative splicing landscape in Arabidopsis. Genome Res. 22, 1184-1195. (doi:10.1101/gr.134106.111)
66. Talavera D, Vogel C, Orozco López M, Teichmann S, de la Cruz X. 2007 The (in)dependence of alternative splicing and gene duplication. PLoS Comp. Biol. 3, 375-388. (doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030033)
67. Roux J, Robinson-Rechavi M. 2011 Age-dependent gain of alternative splice forms and biased duplication explain the relation between splicing and duplication. Genome Res. 21, 357-363. (doi:10.1101/gr.113803.110)
68. Su Z, Wang J, Yu J, Huang X, Gu X. 2006 Evolution of alternative splicing after gene duplication. Genome Res. 16, 182-189. (doi:10.1101/gr.4197006)
69. Chen L, Tovar-Corona JM, Urrutia AO. 2012 Alternative splicing: a potential source of functional innovation in the eukaryotic genome. Int. J. Evol. Biol. 596274. (doi:10.1155/2012/596274)
70. Zhang F et al. 2010 High frequency targeted mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana using zinc finger nucleases. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 12 028-12 033. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0914991107)
71. Zhou R, Moshgabadi N, Adams KL. 2011 Extensive changes to alternative splicing patterns following allopolyploidy in natural and resynthesized polyploids. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 16 122-16 127. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1109551108)
72. Terashima A, Takumi S. 2009 Allopolyploidization reduces alternative splicing efficiency for transcripts of the wheat DREB2 homolog, WDREB2. Genome 51, 100-105.
73. Bennetzen JL. 2000 Transposable element contributions to plant gene and genome evolution. Plant Mol. Biol. 42, 251-269. (doi:10.1023/ A:1006344508454)
74. Feschotte C, Jiang N, Wessler SR. 2002 Plant transposable elements: where genetics meets genomics. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3, 329-341. (doi:10.1038/nrg793)
75. Castrillo G et al. 2013 WRKY6 transcription factor restricts arsenate uptake and transposon activation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 25, 2944-2957. (doi:10.1105/tpc.113.114009)
76. Cavrak VV, Lettner N, Jamge S, Kosarewicz A, Bayer LM, Mittelsten Scheid O. 2014 How a retrotransposon exploits the plant's heat stress response for its activation. PLoS Genet. 10, e1004115. (doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004115)
77. Yaakov B, Kashkush K. 2011 Methylation, transcription, and rearrangements of transposable elements in synthetic allopolyploids. Int. J. Plant Genomics 2011, 569826. (doi:10.1155/2011/569826)
78. Parisod C, Senerchia N. 2012 Responses of transposable elements to polyploidy. In Plant transposable elements (eds M-A Grandbastien, JM Casacuberta), pp. 147-168. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
79. Madlung A, Tyagi AP, Watson B, Jiang H, Kagochi T, Doerge RW, Martienssen R, Comai L. 2005 Genomic changes in synthetic Arabidopsis polyploids. Plant J. 41, 221-230. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02297.x)
80. Kashkush K, Feldman M, Levy AA. 2002 Gene loss, silencing and activation in a newly synthesized wheat allotetraploid. Genetics 160, 1651-1659.
81. Kashkush K, Feldman M, Levy AA. 2003 Transcriptional activation of retrotransposons alters the expression of adjacent genes in wheat. Nat. Genet. 33, 102-106. (doi:10.1038/ng1063)
82. Matzke AJM, Matzke MA. 1998 Position effects and epigenetic silencing of plant transgenes. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 1, 142-148. (doi:10.1016/S1369-5266(98)80016-2)
83. Petit M et al. 2010 Mobilization of retrotransposons in synthetic allotetraploid tobacco. New Phytol. 186, 135-147. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03140.x)
84. Parisod C, Salmon A, Zerjal T, Tenaillon M, Grandbastien M-A, Ainouche M. 2009 Rapid structural and epigenetic reorganization near transposable elements in hybrid and allopolyploid genomes in Spartina. New Phytol. 184, 1003-1015. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03029.x)
85. Kraitshtein Z, Yaakov B, Khasdan V, Kashkush K. 2010 Genetic and epigenetic dynamics of a retrotransposon after allopolyploidization of wheat. Genetics 186, 801-812. (doi:10.1534/genetics.110.120790)
86. Kenan-Eichler M, Leshkowitz D, Tal L, Noor E, Melamed-Bessudo C, Feldman M, Levy AA. 2011 Wheat hybridization and polyploidization results in deregulation of small RNAs. Genetics 188, 263-272. (doi:10.1534/genetics.111.128348)
87. Ben-David S, Yaakov B, Kashkush K. 2013 Genomewide analysis of short interspersed nuclear elements SINES revealed high sequence conservation, gene association and retrotranspositional activity in wheat. Plant J. 76, 201-210. (doi:10.1111/ tpj.12285)
88. Parisod C, Mhiri C, Lim K-Y, Clarkson JJ, Chase MW, Leitch AR, Grandbastien M-A. 2012 Differential dynamics of transposable elements during longterm diploidization of Nicotiana section Repandae (Solanaceae) allopolyploid genomes. PLoS ONE 7, e50352. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050352)
89. Lopes FR et al. 2013 Transcriptional activity, chromosomal distribution and expression effects of transposable elements in Coffea genomes. PLoS ONE 8, e78931. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078931)
90. Pockman WT, Sperry JS. 1997 Freezing-induced xylem cavitation and the northern limit of Larrea tridentata. Oecologia 109, 19-27. (doi:10.1007/ s004420050053)
91. Masterson J. 1994 Stomatal size in fossil plants: evidence for polyploidy in majority of angiosperms. Science 264, 421-424. (doi:10.1126/science.264.5157.421)
92. Mishra M. 1997 Stomatal characteristics at different ploidy devels in Coffea L. Ann. Bot. 80, 689-692. (doi:10.1006/anbo.1997.0491)
93. Beaulieu JM, Leitch IJ, Patel S, Pendharkar A, Knight CA. 2008 Genome size is a strong predictor of cell size and stomatal density in angiosperms. New Phytol. 179, 975-986. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02528.x)
94. Senock RS, Barrow JR, Gibbens RP, Herbel CH. 1991 Ecophysiology of the polyploid shrub Atriplex canescens (Chenopodiaceae) growing in situ in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. J. Arid Environ. 21, 45-57.
95. Vyas P, Bisht MS, Miyazawa S-I, Yano S, Noguchi K, Terashima I, Funayama-Noguchi S. 2007 Effects of polyploidy on photosynthetic properties and anatomy in leaves of Phlox drummondii. Funct. Plant Biol. 34, 673. (doi:10.1071/FP07020)
96. Maherali H, Walden AE, Husband BC. 2009 Genome duplication and the evolution of physiological responses to water stress. New Phytol. 184, 721-731. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02997.x)
97. Hao G-Y, Lucero ME, Sanderson SC, Zacharias EH, Holbrook NM. 2013 Polyploidy enhances the occupation of heterogeneous environments through hydraulic related trade-offs in Atriplex canescens (Chenopodiaceae). New Phytol. 197, 970-978. (doi:10.1111/nph.12051)
98. Li WL, Berlyn GP, Ashton PMS. 1996 Polyploids and their structural and physiological characteristics relative to water deficit in Betula papyrifera (Betulaceae). Am. J. Bot. 83, 15-20. (doi:10.2307/2445949)
99. Ramsey J. 2011 Polyploidy and ecological adaptation in wild yarrow. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 7096-7101. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1016631108)
100. Hodgson JG et al. 2010 Stomatal vs. genome size in angiosperms: the somatic tail wagging the genomic dog? Ann. Bot. 105, 573-584. (doi:10.1093/aob/ mcq011)
101. Ristic Z, Jenks MA. 2002 Leaf cuticle and water loss in maize lines differing in dehydration avoidance. J. Plant Physiol. 159, 645-651. (doi:10.1078/0176-1617-0743)
102. Liu S, Chen S, Chen Y, Guan Z, Yin D, Chen F. 2011 In vitro induced tetraploid of Dendranthema nankingense (Nakai) Tzvel. shows an improved level of abiotic stress tolerance. Sci. Hortic. 127, 411-419. (doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2010.10.012)
103. Coate JE, Powell AF, Owens TG, Doyle JJ. 2013 Transgressive physiological and transcriptomic responses to light stress in allopolyploid Glycine dolichocarpa (Leguminosae). Heredity 110, 160-170. (doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.77)
104. Stebbins GL. 1985 Polyploidy, hybridization, and the invasion of new habitats. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72, 824-832. (doi:10.2307/2399224)
105. Birchler JA, Yao H, Chudalayandi S, Vaiman D, Veitia R. 2010 Heterosis. Plant Cell 22, 2105-2112. (doi/10.1105/tpc.110.076133)
106. Soltis DE, Soltis PS. 1992 The distribution of selfing rates in homosporous ferns. Am. J. Bot. 79, 97-100. (doi:10.2307/2445202)
107. Moody ME, Mueller LD, Soltis DE. 1993 Genetic variation and random drift in autotetraploid populations. Genetics 134, 649-657.
108. Wang J, Tian L, Lee H-S, Chen ZJ. 2006 Nonadditive regulation of FRI and FLC loci mediates floweringtime variation in Arabidopsis allopolyploids. Genetics 173, 965-974. (doi:10.1534/genetics.106.056580)
109. Petit C, Lesbros P, Ge X, Thompson JD. 1997 Variation in flowering phenology and selfing rate across a contact zone between diploid and tetraploid Arrhenatherum elatius (Poaceae). Heredity 79, 31-40. (doi:10.1038/hdy.1997.120)
110. Saleh B, Allario T, Dambier D, Ollitrault P, Morillon R. 2008 Tetraploid citrus rootstocks are more tolerant to salt stress than diploid. CR. Biol. 331, 703-710. (doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.06.007)
111. Segraves KA, Thompson JN. 1999 Plant polyploidy and pollination: floral traits and insect visits to diploid and tetraploid Heuchera grossulariifolia. Evolution 53, 1114-1127. (doi:10.2307/2640816)
112. Kolář F, Fér T, Štech M, Trávni{dotless}́ček P, Dušková E, Schönswetter P, Suda J. 2012 Bringing together evolution on serpentine and polyploidy: spatiotemporal history of the diploid-tetraploid complex of Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae). PLoS ONE 7, e39988. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039988)
113. Levin DA. 1975 Minority cytotype exclusion in local plant populations. Taxon 24, 35-43. (doi:10.2307/1218997)
114. Brochmann C, Brysting AK, Alsos IG, Borgen L, Grundt HH, Scheen AC, Elven R. 2004 Polyploidy in arctic plants. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 82, 521-536. (doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00337.x)
115. Lowry E, Lester SE. 2006 The biogeography of plant reproduction: potential determinants of species' range sizes. J. Biogeogr. 33, 1975-1982. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01562.x)
116. Theodoridis S, Randin C, Broennimann O, Patsiou T, Conti E. 2013 Divergent and narrower climatic niches characterize polyploid species of European primroses in Primula sect. Aleuritia. J. Biogeogr. 40, 1278-1289. (doi:10.1111/ jbi.12085)
117. Clausen J, Keck DD, Hiesey WM. 1945 Experimental studies on the nature of species. II Plant evolution through amphiploidy and autoploidy, with examples from the Madiinae. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington Publications.
118. McIntyre PJ. 2012 Polyploidy associated with altered and broader ecological niches in the Claytonia perfoliata (Portulacaceae) species complex. Am. J. Bot. 99, 655-662. (doi:10.3732/ajb.1100466)
119. Godsoe W, Larson MA, Glennon KL, Segraves KA. 2013 Polyploidization in Heuchera cylindrica (Saxifragaceae) did not result in a shift in climatic requirements. Am. J. Bot. 100, 496-508. (doi:10.3732/ajb.1200275)
120. Glennon KL, Ritchie ME, Segraves KA. 2014 Evidence for shared broad-scale climatic niches of diploid and polyploid plants. Ecol. Lett. 17, 574-582. (doi:10.1111/ele.12259)
121. Abbott RJ, Brochmann C. 2003 History and evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric Hulten. Mol. Ecol. 12, 299-313. (doi:10.1046/j. 1365-294X.2003.01731.x)
122. Wolf PG, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. 1989 Tetrasomic inheritance and chromosome pairing behaviour in the naturally occurring autotetraploid Heuchera grossulariifolia (Saxifragaceae). Genome 32, 655-659. (doi:10.1139/g89-494)
123. Van Dijk P, Bakx-Schotman T. 1997 Chloroplast DNA phylogeography and cytotype geography in autopolyploid Plantago media. Mol. Ecol. 6, 345-352. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00199.x)
124. Baack EJ, Stanton ML. 2005 Ecological factors influencing tetraploid speciation in snow buttercups (Ranunculus adoneus): niche differentiation and tetraploid establishment. Evolution 59, 1936-1944. (doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01063.x)
125. te Beest M, Le Roux JJ, Richardson DM, Brysting AK, Suda J, Kubesová M, Pysek P. 2012 The more the better? The role of polyploidy in facilitating plant invasions. Ann. Bot. 109, 19-45. (doi:10.1093/aob/ mcr277)
126. Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Wolf PG. 1991 Allozymic and chloroplast DNA analyses of polyploidy in Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae). I. The origins of P. californicum and P. scopulinum. Syst. Bot. 16, 245-256. (doi:10.2307/2419277)
127. Ainouche M, Chelaifa H, Ferreira J, Bellot S, Ainouche A, Salmon A. 2012 Polyploid evolution in Spartina: dealing with highly redundant hybrid genomes. In Polyploidy and genome evolution (eds PS Soltis, DE Soltis), pp. 225-244. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
128. Maricle BR, Lee RW. 2002 Aerenchyma development and oxygen transport in the estuarine cordgrasses Spartina alterniflora and S. anglica. Aquat. Bot. 74, 109-120. (doi:10.1016/S0304-3770(02)00051-7)
129. 2S transport. Mar. Biol. 143, 9-15. (doi:10.1007/s00227-003-1054-3)
130. Warren DL, Glor RE, Turelli M. 2008 Environmental niche equivalency versus conservatism: quantitative approaches to niche evolution. Evolution 62, 2868-2883. (doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00482.x)
131. Martin SL, Husband BC. 2009 Influence of phylogeny and ploidy on species ranges of North American angiosperms. J. Ecol. 97, 913-922. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01543.x)
132. Werth CR, Windham MD. 1991 A model for divergent, allopatric speciation of polyploidy pteridophytes resulting from silencing of duplicategene expression. Am. J. Bot. 137, 515-526.
133. McGrath CI, Lynch M. 2012 Evolutionary significance of whole-genome duplication. In Polyploidy and genome evolution (eds PS Soltis, DE Soltis), pp. 1-20. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
134. Scannell DR, Byrne KP, Gordon JL, Wong S, Wolfe KH. 2006 Multiple rounds of speciation associated with reciprocal gene loss in polyploid yeasts. Nature 440, 341-345. (doi:10.1038/nature04562)
135. Sémon M, Wolfe KH. 2007 Consequences of genome duplication. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 17, 505-512. (doi:10.1016/j.gde.2007.09.007)
136. Braasch I, Postlethwait JH. 2012 Polyploidy in fish and the teleost genome duplication. In Polyploidy and genome evolution (eds PS Soltis, DE Soltis), pp. 341-383. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
137. Soltis DE et al. 2009 Polyploidy and angiosperm diversification. Am. J. Bot. 96, 336-348. (doi:10.3732/ajb.0800079)
138. van de Peer Y, Maere S, Meyer A. 2009 The evolutionary significance of ancient genome duplications. Nat. Rev. Genet. 10, 725-732. (doi:10.1038/nrg2600)
139. Vanneste K, Maere S, van de Peer Y. 2014 Tangled up in two: a burst of genome duplications at the end of the Cretaceous and the consequences for plant evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369, 20130353. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0353)
140. Mayrose I, Zhan SH, Rothfels CJ, Magnuson-Ford K, Barker MS, Rieseberg LH, Otto SP. 2011 Recently formed polyploid plants diversify at lower rates. Science 333, 1257. (doi:10.1126/science.1207205)