Constitutional courts and democratic values: A European perspective

Constitutional Courts and Democratic Values: A European Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-238

  Comella, Victor Ferreres ^a,b  

^a Pompeau Fabra University   (Spain)

^b Judicial School ^*  (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84902642990     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (368)

1. 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803).
2. Mauro Cappelletti, Judicial Review in the Contemporary World (Indianapolis, Ind: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971), especially pages 45-96
3. Allan-Randolph Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
4. Louis Favoreu, "Constitutional Review in Europe,"; in Constitutionalism and Rights: The Influence of the United States Constitution Abroad, ed. Louis Henkin and Albert Rosenthal (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), 38-62.
5. Dominique Rousseau, La justice constitutionnelle en Europe (Paris: Montchrestien, 1998);
6. Eliseo Aja, ed., Las tensiones entre el Tribunal Constitucional y el Legislador en la Europa actual (Barcelona: Ariel, 1998);
7. Wojciech Sadurski, ed., Constitutional Justice, East and West: Democratic Legitimacy and Constitutional Courts in Post-Communist Europe; A Comparative Perspective (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2002);
8. Marco Olivetti and Tania Groppi, eds., La giustizia costituzionale in Europa (Milan: Giuffre, 2003).
9. Christine Landfried, ed., Constitutional Review and Legislation: An International Comparison (Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1988).
10. Alec Stone Sweet, Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
11. Marian Ahumada Ruiz, La jurisdicción constitucional en Europa (Madrid: Civitas, 2005).
12. Alessandro Pizzorusso, "I sistemi di giustizia costituzionale: Dai modelli alla prassi,"; Quaderni costituzionali 3 (1982): 521-533
13. Francisco Rubio Llorente, "Tendencias actuales de la jurisdiccion constitucional en Europa,"; in Estudios sobre jurisdicción constitucional, by Francisco Rubio Llorente and Javier Jimenez Campo (Madrid: McGraw-Hill, 1998), 155-173.
14. Pedro Cruz Villalon, La formación del sistema europeo de control de constitucionalidad (1918-1939) (Madrid: Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, 1987), 71-227.
15. Donald Kommers, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany (Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press, 1997), 4-7.
16. Cruz Villalon, La formación del sistema europeo, 240-242.
17. Kelsen "Judicial Review of Legislation: A Comparative Study of the Austrian and the American Constitution," Journal of Politics 4 (1942): 183-200
18. "La garantie juridictionnelle de la Constitution (La justice constitutionnelle)," Revue du droit public et de la science politique en France et à l'étranger 45 (1928): 197-257.
19. Herman Schwartz, The Struggle for Constitutional Justice in Post-Communist Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 22-48,
20. Wojciech Sadurski, Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2005), 40-58.
21. Allan-Randolph Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 236-242.
22. Jaakko Husa, "Guarding the Constitutionality of Laws in the Nordic Countries: A Comparative Perspective," American Journal of Comparative Law 48 (2000): 345-382.
23. Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law, 271-274.
24. Cruz Villalon, La formación del sistema europeo, 68.
25. Mauro Cappelletti, Judicial Review in the Contemporary World (Indianapolis, Ind: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971), 51 n. 18.
26. Constitutional Review Court Procedure Act (March 13, 2002).
27. As K. D. "The Human Rights Act and Parliamentary Democracy," Modern Law Review 62 (1999): 92.
28. Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law, 156.
29. Sadurski, Rights Before Courts, 20-21.
30. Gustavo Zagrebelsky, La giustizia costituzionale (Bologna: il Mulino, 1988), 140-147.
31. Carlos Blanco de Morais, Justiça constitucional, vol. 1, Garantia da Constitução e controlo da constitucionalidade (Coimbra, Portugal: Coimbra Editora, 2006), 316.
32. J. J. Gomes Canotilho, Direito constitucional e teoria da Constituição (Coimbra, Portugal: Livraria Almedina, 2002), 986.
33. Francisco Rubio Llorente, "Tendencias actuales de la jurisdiccion constitucional en Europa," in Estudios sobre jurisdicción constitucional, by Francisco Rubio Llorente and Javier Jimenez Campo (Madrid: McGraw-Hill, 1998), 155-173.
34. Dominique Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel (Paris: Montchrestien, 2006), 73-78.
35. Sadurski, Rights Before Courts, 19.
36. Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation," 187.
37. Albrecht Weber, "Alemania," in Las tensiones entre el Tribunal Constitucional y el Legislador en la Europa actual, ed. Eliseo Aja (Barcelona: Ariel, 1998), 69-70,
38. Francesca Rescigno, "La giustizia costituzionale in Germania," in La giustizia costituzionale in Europa, ed. Marco Olivetti and Tania Groppi (Milan: Giuffre, 2003), 111.
39. Zagrebelsky, La giustizia costituzionale, 255-256, 293.
40. Luis Nunes de Almeida, "Portugal," in Las tensiones (see note 32), 243-246.
41. Javier Jimenez Campo, "El control de constitucionalidad de la ley en el Derecho espanol," in Estudios sobre jurisdicción constitucional (see note 26), 70.
42. M. J. C. Vile, Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers (Indianapolis, Ind: Liberty Fund, 1998), 173.
43. Michel Troper, La séparation des pouvoirs et l'histoire constitutionnelle française (Paris: Librairie Generale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1980), 43-68, 165-178,
44. Philippe Blacher, Contrôle de constitutionalité et volonté générale (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2001), 209-215.
45. Mauro Cappelletti, Judicial Review in the Contemporary World (Indianapolis, Ind: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971), 35.
46. Anne M. Cohler, Basia Carolyn Miller, and Harold Samuel Stone (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 160.
47. John Bell, Judiciaries within Europe: A Comparative Review (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 48.
48. J. W. F. Allison, A Continental Distinction in the Common Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 138-146.
49. Pasquale Pasquino, Sieyès et l'invention de la Constitution en France (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1998).
50. Dominique Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel (Paris: Montchrestien, 2006), 12.
51. Dominique Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel (Paris: Montchrestien, 2006), 13.
52. Allan-Randolph Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 252.
53. Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law, 118-119.
54. Wojciech Sadurski, Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2005), 44.
55. Cappelletti, Judicial Review in the Contemporary World, 12-16.
56. Gustavo Zagrebelsky, La giustizia costituzionale (Bologna: il Mulino, 1988), 172.
57. Hans Kelsen, "La garantie juridictionnelle de la Constitution (La justice constitutionnelle)," Revue du droit public et de la science politique en France et à l'étranger 45 (1928): 224-225.
58. Hans Kelsen, "La garantie juridictionnelle de la Constitution (La justice constitutionnelle)," Revue du droit public et de la science politique en France et à l'étranger 45 (1928): 226.
59. Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel, 13.
60. Alec Stone, The Birth of Judicial Politics in France: The Constitutional Council in Comparative Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 33-40.
61. Charles Eisenmann, La justice constitutionnelle et la Haute cour constitutionnelle d'Austriche (Paris: Economica; Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 1986), 105-107.
62. Hans Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation: A Comparative Study of the Austrian and the American Constitution," Journal of Politics 4 (1942): 183-200.
63. Charles Eisenmann, La justice constitutionnelle et la Haute cour constitutionnelle d'Austriche (Paris: Economica; Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 1986), 291-293;
64. Mauro Cappelletti, Judicial Review in the Contemporary World (Indianapolis, Ind: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971), 55-66.
65. Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation," 186.
66. Allan-Randolph Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1989), mentions the examples of Papua New Guinea (180, 186), Panama, Uruguay, and Paraguay (243-244).
67. Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law, 170-172.
68. Cappelletti, Judicial Review in the Contemporary World, 58.
69. Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation," 186.
70. Neil MacCormick and Robert Summers, eds., Interpreting Precedents: A Comparative Study (Aldershot, U.K: Ashgate, 1997).
71. Mirjan Damaška, The Faces of Justice and State Authority (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1986), 36-37.
72. Carlo Guarnieri and Patrizia Pederzoli, The Power of Judges: A Comparative Study of Courts and Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 78-97.
73. Damaška, The Faces of Justice, 37 n. 37.
74. MacCormick and Summers, Interpreting Precedents.
75. Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law, 128-131.
76. John Henry Merryman, The Civil Law Tradition (Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1985)
77. Hans Kelsen, "La garantie juridictionnelle de la Constitution (La justice constitutionnelle)," Revue du droit public et de la science politique en France et à l'étranger 45 (1928): 249.
78. Michele Taruffo and Massimo La Torre, "Precedent in Italy," in Interpreting Precedents (see note 8), 144, 165.
79. Kelsen, "La garantie," 242.
80. Pedro Cruz Villalon, La formación del sistema europeo de control de constitucionalidad (1918-1939) (Madrid: Centro de Estudios Constitucionales), 390.
81. Albrecht Weber, "Alemania," in Las tensiones entre el Tribunal Constitucional y el Legislador en la Europa actual, ed. Eliseo Aja (Barcelona: Ariel, 1998), 62-63.
82. Kelsen, "La garantie," 218, 242-243.
83. Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation," 189-191.
84. Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation," 196.
85. Kelsen, "La garantie," 246.
86. Cappelletti, Judicial Review in the Contemporary World, 88-96.
87. Brewer-Carias, Judicial Review in Comparative Law, 189-190
88. Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation," 189-191.
89. Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation," 198.
90. Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation," 199.
91. Kelsen, "La garantie," 244.
92. Hans Kelsen, "La garantie juridictionnelle de la Constitution (La justice constitutionnelle)," Revue du droit public et de la science politique en France et à l'étranger 45 (1928): 253
93. Martin Shapiro, "The Success of Judicial Review and Democracy," in On Law, Politics, and Judicialization, by Martin Shapiro and Alec Stone Sweet (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 149-183.
94. Dominique Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel (Paris: Montchrestien, 2006), 63-73
95. Alec Stone, The Birth of Judicial Politics in France (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 46-59.
96. Francesca Rescigno, "La giustizia costituzionale in Belgio," in La giustizia costituzionale in Europa, ed. Marco Olivetti and Tania Groppi (Milan: Giuffre, 2003), 259.
97. Bruce Ackerman, We the People: Foundations (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1991).
98. Carlo Mezzanotte, Corte costituzionale e legittimazione politica (Rome: Tipografia Veneziana, 1984), 14-33.
99. Kelsen, "La garantie," 239-242.
100. Hans Kelsen, ¿Quién debe ser el defensor de la Constitución? (Madrid: Tecnos, 1995), 33-39.
101. Hans Kelsen, "What Is Justice?" in What Is Justice? Justice, Law and Politics in the Mirror of Science (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1957).
102. Michel Rosenfeld, "Constitutional adjudication in Europe and the United States," International Journal of Constitutional Law, 2 (2004): 633-668
103. Michel Rosenfeld, "Constitutional adjudication in Europe and the United States," International Journal of Constitutional Law, 2 (2004):667.
104. Jon Elster, Ulysses Unbound: Studies in Rationality, Precommitment, and Constraints (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
105. Lawrence Sager, Justice in Plainclothes: A Theory of American Constitutional Practice (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 2004), 54-55.
106. Barry Friedman and Scott Smith, "The Sedimentary Constitution," University of Pennsylvania Law Review 147 (1998): 1-90.
107. Alexander Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1962), 25.
108. Sager, Justice in Plainclothes, 75.
109. Sager, Justice in Plainclothes, 199
110. Owen Fiss, The Law as It Could Be (New York and London: New York University Press, 2003), 11-12.
111. Owen Fiss, The Law as It Could Be (New York and London: New York University Press, 2003),163.
112. Neil K. Komesar, Imperfect Alternatives: Choosing Institutions in Law, Economics, and Public Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
113. Ronald Dworkin, A Matter of Principle (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1985), 70-71.
114. Mark Tushnet, Taking the Constitution Away from the Courts (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1999).
115. Wojciech Sadurski, Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2005), 193-194.
116. Wojciech Sadurski, Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2005),289.
117. Francesca Rescigno, "La giustizia costituzionale in Germania," in La giustizia costituzionale in Europa, ed. Marco Olivetti and Tania Groppi (Milan: Giuffrè, 2003), 97.
118. Joel B. Grossman and Charles R. Epp, "Agenda Formation on the Policy Active U.S. Supreme Court," in Constitutional Courts in Comparison: The U.S. Supreme Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court, ed. Ralf Rogowski and Thomas Gawron (New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2002), 109-111.
119. Richard Posner, "The Supreme Court 2004 Term-Foreword: A Political Court," Harvard Law Review 119 (2005): 79.
120. Richard Posner, "The Supreme Court 2004 Term-Foreword: A Political Court," Harvard Law Review 119 (2005): 35-37.
121. Lech Garlicki, "Constitutional Courts versus Supreme Courts," International Journal of Constitutional Law 5 (2007): 44-68.
122. Garlicki, "Constitutional Courts versus Supreme Courts," 63.
123. Werner Heun, "Access to the German Federal Constitutional Court," in Constitutional Courts in Comparison (see note 3), 125-156.
124. Pablo López Pietsch, "Objetivar el recurso de amparo: Las recomendaciones de la Comisión Benda y el debate español," Revista española de derecho constitucional 53 (1998): 115-151.
125. Pedro Cruz Villalón, "Tribuna abierta: Qué hacer con el amparo," Actualidad jurídica Uría Menéndez 15 (2006): 7-13.
126. Wojciech Sadurski, Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2005), 25.
127. Carlo Guarnieri and Patrizia Pederzoli, The Power of Judges: A Comparative Study of Courts and Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 18-77.
128. Alexander Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1962), 25.
129. Dominique Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel (Paris: Montchrestien, 2006), 38-48.
130. John Bell, Judiciaries within Europe: A Comparative Review (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 95-96
131. Bell, Judiciaries within Europe, 95-96.
132. Christine Landfried, "Constitutional Review and Legislation in the Federal Republic of Germany," in Constitutional Review and Legislation: An International Comparison, ed. Christine Landfried (Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1988), 149.
133. Hans Kelsen, "La garantie juridictionnelle de la Constitution (La justice constitutionnelle)," Revue du droit public et de la science politique en France et à l'étranger 45 (1928): 227.
134. Charles Eisenmann, La justice constitutionnelle et la Haute cour constitutionnelle d'Austriche (Paris: Economica; Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 1986), 294.
135. Peter E. Quint, The Imperfect Union: Constitutional Structures of German Unification (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1997).
136. Peter E. Quint, The Imperfect Union: Constitutional Structures of German Unification (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1997). 314
137. Sadurski, Rights Before Courts, xiv-xv, 14.
138. Christopher Eisgruber, Constitutional Self-Government (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2001), 67.
139. Delpérée, Le droit constitutionnel de la Belgique, 108.
140. Il giudice delle leggi: La Corte costituzionale nella dinamica dei poteri (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1996), 15-16.
141. "What is the Constitutional Court?" (page 2), http://www.cortecostituzionale.it/versioni_in _lingua/eng/lacortecostituzionale/cosaelacorte/pag_02.asp.
142. Robert Alexy, A Theory of Constitutional Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
143. Mattias Kumm, "Constitutional Rights as Principles: On the Structure and Domain of Constitutional Justice," International Journal of Constitutional Law 2 (2004): 574-596.
144. Carlo Mezzanotte, Corte costituzionale e legittimazione politica (Rome: Tipografia Veneziana, 1984), 126-131.
145. J. W. F. Allison, A Continental Distinction in the Common Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 170-189.
146. Jon Elster, Ulysses Unbound: Studies in Rationality, Precommitment, and Constraints (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 93 n. 12
147. Mitchel de S.-O. L'E. Lasser, Judicial Deliberations: A Comparative Analysis of Judicial Transparency and Legitimacy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
148. Francesca Rescigno, "La giustizia costituzionale in Germania," in La giustizia costituzionale in Europa (see note 2), 100-101.
149. Philippe Blachèr, Contrôle de constitutionnalité et volonté générale (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2001), 166-167
150. Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel, 475, 511.
151. Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel, 480.
152. Louis Favoreu, La politique saisie par le droit (Paris: Economica, 1988).
153. Gustavo Zagrebelsky, La giustizia costituzionale (Bologna: il Mulino, 1988), 59.
154. Joachim Wieland, "The Role of the Legal Assistants at the German Federal Constitutional Court," in Constitutional Courts in Comparison (see note 3), 198.
155. Sylvia Snowiss, Judicial Review and the Law of the Constitution (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1990)
156. Larry Kramer, The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).
157. Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel, 66-73.
158. Heinz Schäffer, "Austria," in Las tensiones entre el Tribunal Constitucional y el Legislador en la Europa actual, ed. Eliseo Aja (Barcelona: Ariel, 1998), 40.
159. Posner, "The Supreme Court 2004 Term," 79-80.
160. Burt Neuborne, "Hommage à Louis Favoreu," International Journal of Constitutional Law 5 (2007): 25.
161. Jeremy Waldron, "The Core of the Case against Judicial Review," Yale Law Journal 115 (2006): 1381.
162. Eisgruber, Constitutional Self-Government, 208.
163. Christopher Zurn, Deliberative Democracy and the Institutions of Judicial Review (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 282.
164. The classification of political regimes drawn by Arend Lijphart in his book Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries (New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 1999),116-142.
165. Wojciech Sadurski, Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2005), 91-92.
166. Alec Stone Sweet, Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 52-53.
167. Alec Stone Sweet, Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 53-55.
168. David Currie, The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 173.
169. Gustavo Zagrebelsky, El derecho dúctil: Ley, derechos, justicia (Madrid: Trotta, 1995), 58-65.
170. Hans Kelsen, "La garantie juridictionnelle de la Constitution (La justice constitutionnelle)," Revue du droit public et de la science politique en France et à l'étranger 45 (1928): 235-236.
171. Louis Favoreu, "The Constitutional Council and Parliament in France," in Constitutional Review and Legislation: An International Comparison, ed. Christine Landfried (Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1988), 92-93, 105.
172. Kelsen, "La garantie," 230.
173. Francisco Rubio Llorente, "Tendencias actuales de la jurisdicción constitucional en Europa," in Estudios sobre jurisdicción constitucional, by Francisco Rubio Llorente and Javier Jiménez Campo (Madrid: McGraw-Hill, 1998), 156.
174. Luis María Díez-Picazo, "Dificultades prácticas y significado constitucional del recurso de amparo," Revista española de Derecho constitucional 40 (1994): 35-37.
175. Gustavo Zagrebelsky, La giustizia costituzionale (Bologna: il Mulino, 1988), 104, 175.
176. Hans Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation: A Comparative Study of the Austrian and the American Constitution," Journal of Politics 4 (1942)
177. Hans Kelsen, "Judicial Review of Legislation: A Comparative Study of the Austrian and the American Constitution," Journal of Politics 4 (1942): 194
178. Kelsen, "La garantie," 247.
179. Pedro Cruz Villalón, La formación del sistema europeo de control de constitucionalidad (1918-1939) (Madrid: Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, 1987), 204.
180. Dominique Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel (Paris: Montchrestien, 2006), 183- 185
181. Christopher Zurn, Deliberative Democracy and the Institutions of Judicial Review (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 289.
182. Stone Sweet, Governing with Judges, 61-91.
183. Stone Sweet, Governing with Judges, 74
184. Mentioned in Philippe Blachèr, Contrôle de constitutionnalité et volonté générale (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2001), 168 n. 3.
185. Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel, 72, 478.
186. Dieter Grimm, "Constitutional Adjudication and Democracy," in Liber Amicorum in Honour of Lord Slynn of Hadley, vol. 2, Judicial Review in International Perspective, ed. Mads Andenas and Duncan Fairgrieve (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000), 111.
187. Erhard Blankenburg, "Mobilization of the German Federal Constitutional Court," in Constitutional Courts in Comparison: The U.S. Supreme Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court, ed. Ralf Rogowski and Thomas Gawrop (New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2002), 171.
188. Wojciech Sadurski, Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2005), 95.
189. Carlos Blanco de Morais, Justiça constitucional, vol. 2, O contencioso constitucional Português entre o modelo misto e a tentação do sistema de reenvio (Coimbra, Portugal: Coimbra Editora, 2006), 160-161.
190. Charles Eisenmann, La justice constitutionnelle et la Haute Cour Constitutionnelle d'Austriche (Paris: Economica; Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 1986), 188-189.
191. Zagrebelsky, La giustizia costituzionale, 505-507.
192. Donald Kommers, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany (Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press, 1997), 530 n. 59.
193. Heinz Schäffer, "Austria," in Las tensiones entre el Tribunal Constitucional y el legislador en la Europa actual, ed. Eliseo Aja (Barcelona: Ariel, 1998), 13.
194. Rousseau, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel, 35.
195. Zagrebelsky, La giustizia costituzionale, 225-226
196. Adrian Vermeule, "Veil of Ignorance Rules in Constitutional Law," Yale Law Journal 111 (2001): 427.
197. Frederick Schauer, Profiles, Probabilities, and Stereotypes (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2003).
198. Alec Stone Sweet and Martin Shapiro, "Abstract and Concrete Review in the United States," in On Law, Politics, and Judicialization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 370.
199. Owen Fiss, The Law as It Could Be (New York and London: New York University Press, 2003), 218-219.
200. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, trans. Henry Reeve (1835; New York: Vintage Books, 1990), 1:102.
201. Mauro Cappelletti, Judicial Review in the Contemporary World (Indianapolis, Ind: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971), 82-83.
202. Paolo Bianchi, La creazione giurisprudenziale delle tecniche di selezione dei casi (Turin, Italy: G. Giappichelli editore, 2000), 215-336.
203. Frederick Schauer, "Ashwander Revisited," Supreme Court Review, 1995, 88.
204. William Kelley, "Avoiding Constitutional Questions as a Three-Branch Problem," Cornell Law Review 86 (2001): 831-898
205. William Kelley, "Avoiding Constitutional Questions as a Three-Branch Problem," Cornell Law Review 86 (2001): 839-840.
206. Adrian Vermeule, "Saving Constructions," Georgetown Law Journal 85 (1997): 1945-1977.
207. Mark Tushnet, "The Issue of State Action/Horizontal Effect in Comparative Constitutional Law," International Journal of Constitutional Law 1 (2003): 79-98, especially pages 84-88.
208. Francisco Javier Díaz Revorio, Las sentencias interpretativas del Tribunal Constitucional (Valladolid, Spain: Editorial Lex Nova, 2001), 80-81, 99-112.
209. Luis Javier Mieres, El incidente de constitucionalidad en los procesos constitucionales (Especial referencia al incidente en el recurso de amparo) (Madrid: Civitas, 1998), 191-192.
210. Alexander Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1962).
211. Cass Sunstein, One Case at a Time: Judicial Minimalism on the Supreme Court (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1999).
212. Bruce Ackerman, The Future of Liberal Revolution (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1992), 107-112.
213. Donald Kommers,"The court occasionally makes an ally of time, delaying decision until the controversy loses its urgency or is settled by political means, prompting the initiating party ultimately to withdraw the case." The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany (Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press, 1997), 54-55.
214. Wojciech Sadurski, Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2005), 244-245
215. Carlos Blanco de Morais, Justiça constitucional, vol. 2, O contencioso constitucional Português entre o modelo misto e a tentação do sistema de reenvio (Coimbra, Portugal: Coimbra Editora, 2005), 94-100.
216. Sadurski, Rights Before Courts, 79-80.
217. Alec Stone Sweet, Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 52-55.
218. Louis Favoreu, "Constitutional Review in Europe," in Constitutionalism and Rights: The Influence of the United States Constitution Abroad, ed. Louis Henkin and Albert Rosenthal (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), 48-49.
219. Dominique Rousseau, La justice constitutionnelle en Europe (Paris: Montchrestien, 1998), 24
220. Michel Fromont, La justice constitutionnelle dans le monde (Paris: Dalloz, 1996), 2.
221. Larry Kramer, The People Themselves (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 221-222.
222. Georg Vanberg, The Politics of Constitutional Review in Germany (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 95-115.
223. J. W. F. Allison, A Continental Distinction in the Common Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 42-108.
224. Allan-Randolph Brewer-Carías, Judicial Review in Comparative Law (Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 168.
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