Drug-induced liver injury due to antimicrobials, central nervous system agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Seminars in Liver Disease

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 145-161

  Devarbhavi, Harshad ^a   Andrade, Raúl J ^b,c  

^a ST JOHN'S NATIONAL ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (India)

^b University of Malaga   (Spain)

^c INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

Author keywords

antibiotics; antiepileptics; antifungals; antituberculosis drugs; central nervous system; drug induced liver injury; hepatotoxicity; NSAIDs

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CARBAMAZEPINE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS; CEPHALOSPORIN; ETIRACETAM; FELBAMATE; FLUCLOXACILLIN; GABAPENTIN; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; ISONIAZID; LAMOTRIGINE; MACROLIDE; NITROFURANTOIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PRIMIDONE; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; SULFONAMIDE; TETRACYCLINE; TOPIRAMATE; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; ARTICLE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; DATA BASE; DRESS SYNDROME; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG INDUCED LIVER FAILURE; DRUG SAFETY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; GENETIC SCREENING; GRANULOMATOUS HEPATITIS; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER INJURY; LIVER NECROSIS; LIVER TOXICITY; PHARMACOGENETICS; PHARMACOKINETICS; POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; TOXIC HEPATITIS; DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ANTICONVULSANTS; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY; HUMANS; WITHHOLDING TREATMENT;

EID: 84901813321     PISSN: 02728087     EISSN: 10988971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375956     Document Type: Article

References (249)

1. Andrade R. J., Lucena M. I., Fernández M. C., et al. Spanish Group for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Disease. Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology: 2005; 129 2 512 521 (Pubitemid 41096639)
2. Björnsson E., Olsson R. Outcome and prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease. Hepatology: 2005; 42 2 481 489 (Pubitemid 41061102)
3. Chalasani N., Fontana R. J., Bonkovsky H. L., et al. Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Gastroenterology: 2008; 135 6 1924 1934, e1-e4
4. Devarbhavi H., Dierkhising R., Kremers W. K., Sandeep M. S., Karanth D., Adarsh C. K. Single-center experience with drug-induced liver injury from India: causes, outcome, prognosis, and predictors of mortality. Am J Gastroenterol: 2010; 105 11 2396 2404
5. Sgro C., Clinard F., Ouazir K., et al. Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study. Hepatology: 2002; 36 2 451 455 (Pubitemid 34810366)
6. Björnsson E. S., Bergmann O. M., Björnsson H. K., Kvaran R. B., Olafsson S. Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland. Gastroenterology: 2013; 144 7 1419 1425, e1-e3, quiz e19-e20
7. Mindikoglu A. L., Magder L. S., Regev A. Outcome of liver transplantation for drug-induced acute liver failure in the United States: analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Liver Transpl: 2009; 15 7 719 729
8. Reuben A., Koch D. G., Lee W. M.; Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Drug-induced acute liver failure: results of a U.S. multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology: 2010; 52 6 2065 2076
9. Lucena M. I., Andrade R. J., Kaplowitz N., et al. Spanish Group for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Disease. Phenotypic characterization of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: the influence of age and sex. Hepatology: 2009; 49 6 2001 2009
10. Stine J. G., Lewis J. H. Hepatotoxicity of antibiotics: a review and update for the clinician. Clin Liver Dis: 2013; 17 4 609 642, ix ix
11. Chand N., Sanyal A. J. Sepsis-induced cholestasis. Hepatology: 2007; 45 1 230 241 (Pubitemid 46144383)
12. Andrade R. J., Tulkens P. M. Hepatic safety of antibiotics used in primary care. J Antimicrob Chemother: 2011; 66 7 1431 1446
13. Ganey P. E., Luyendyk J. P., Maddox J. F., Roth R. A. Adverse hepatic drug reactions: inflammatory episodes as consequence and contributor. Chem Biol Interact: 2004; 150 1 35 51 (Pubitemid 39441294)
14. Kaplowitz N. Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity. Nat Rev Drug Discov: 2005; 4 6 489 499 (Pubitemid 40861991)
15. Uetrecht J. Idiosyncratic drug reactions: current understanding. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol: 2007; 47 513 539
16. Chen M., Borlak J., Tong W. High lipophilicity and high daily dose of oral medications are associated with significant risk for drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology: 2013; 58 1 388 396
17. Polson J. E. Hepatotoxicity due to antibiotics. Clin Liver Dis: 2007; 11 3 549 561, vi vi (Pubitemid 47302349)
18. Hussaini S. H., O'Brien C. S., Despott E. J., Dalton H. R. Antibiotic therapy: a major cause of drug-induced jaundice in southwest England. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2007; 19 1 15 20 (Pubitemid 46066863)
19. de Abajo F. J., Montero D., Madurga M., García Rodríguez L. A. Acute and clinically relevant drug-induced liver injury: a population based case-control study. Br J Clin Pharmacol: 2004; 58 1 71 80 (Pubitemid 38901470)
20. Fairley C. K., McNeil J. J., Desmond P., et al. Risk factors for development of flucloxacillin associated jaundice. BMJ: 1993; 306 6872 233 235 (Pubitemid 23027961)
21. Daly A. K., Donaldson P. T., Bhatnagar P., et al. DILIGEN Study; International SAE Consortium. HLA-B*5701 genotype is a major determinant of drug-induced liver injury due to flucloxacillin. Nat Genet: 2009; 41 7 816 819
22. Andrade R. J., Robles M., Ulzurrun E., Lucena M. I. Drug-induced liver injury: insights from genetic studies. Pharmacogenomics: 2009; 10 9 1467 1487
23. Monshi M. M., Faulkner L., Gibson A., et al. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57:01-restricted activation of drug-specific T cells provides the immunological basis for flucloxacillin-induced liver injury. Hepatology: 2013; 57 2 727 739
24. Andrews E., Armstrong M., Tugwood J., et al. A role for the pregnane X receptor in flucloxacillin-induced liver injury. Hepatology: 2010; 51 5 1656 1664
25. Carey M. A., van Pelt F. N. Immunochemical detection of flucloxacillin adduct formation in livers of treated rats. Toxicology: 2005; 216 1 41 48 (Pubitemid 41531257)
26. Jenkins R. E., Meng X., Elliott V. L., Kitteringham N. R., Pirmohamed M., Park B. K. Characterisation of flucloxacillin and 5-hydroxymethyl flucloxacillin haptenated HSA in vitro and in vivo. Proteomics Clin Appl: 2009; 3 6 720 729
27. Sabaté M., Ibáñez L., Pérez E., et al. Risk of acute liver injury associated with the use of drugs: a multicentre population survey. Aliment Pharmacol Ther: 2007; 25 12 1401 1409 (Pubitemid 46848892)
28. García Rodríguez L. A., Stricker B. H., Zimmerman H. J. Risk of acute liver injury associated with the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Arch Intern Med: 1996; 156 12 1327 1332 (Pubitemid 26196892)
29. Larrey D., Vial T., Micaleff A., et al. Hepatitis associated with amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination report of 15 cases. Gut: 1992; 33 3 368 371
30. Salvo F., Polimeni G., Moretti U., et al. Adverse drug reactions related to amoxicillin alone and in association with clavulanic acid: data from spontaneous reporting in Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother: 2007; 60 1 121 126 (Pubitemid 47078716)
31. Berg P., Hahn E. G. Hepatotoxic reactions induced by beta-lactamase inhibitors. Eur J Med Res: 2001; 6 12 535 542
32. Brown S. J., Desmond P. V. Hepatotoxicity of antimicrobial agents. Semin Liver Dis: 2002; 22 2 157 167 (Pubitemid 34496469)
33. Lucena M. I., Andrade R. J., Fernández M. C., et al. Spanish Group for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Disease (Grupo de Estudio para las Hepatopatías Asociadas a Medicamentos (GEHAM)). Determinants of the clinical expression of amoxicillin-clavulanate hepatotoxicity: a prospective series from Spain. Hepatology: 2006; 44 4 850 856 (Pubitemid 46489548)
34. Fontana R. J., Shakil A. O., Greenson J. K., Boyd I., Lee W. M. Acute liver failure due to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Dig Dis Sci: 2005; 50 10 1785 1790 (Pubitemid 41413891)
35. Ryley N. G., Fleming K. A., Chapman R. W. Focal destructive cholangiopathy associated with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin). J Hepatol: 1995; 23 3 278 282
36. Richardet J. P., Mallat A., Zafrani E. S., Blazquez M., Bognel J. C., Campillo B. Prolonged cholestasis with ductopenia after administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Dig Dis Sci: 1999; 44 10 1997 2000 (Pubitemid 29510807)
37. Moseley R. H. Chapter 26 - Hepatotoxicity of Antimicrobials and Antifungal Agents. In: Kaplowitz N., DeLeve L. D., eds., Drug-Induced Liver Disease (3rd ed.). Boston Academic Press: 2013; 463 481
38. Lucena M. I., Molokhia M., Shen Y., et al. Spanish DILI Registry.; EUDRAGENE; DILIN; DILIGEN; International SAEC. Susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced liver injury is influenced by multiple HLA class I and II alleles. Gastroenterology: 2011; 141 1 338 347
39. Hautekeete M. L., Horsmans Y., Van Waeyenberge C., et al. HLA association of amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced hepatitis. Gastroenterology: 1999; 117 5 1181 1186
40. Ammann R., Neftel K., Hardmeier T., Reinhardt M. Cephalosporin-induced cholestatic jaundice. Lancet: 1982; 2 8293 336 337 (Pubitemid 12089640)
41. Eggleston S. M., Belandres M. M. Jaundice associated with cephalosporin therapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm: 1985; 19 7-8 553 555 (Pubitemid 15041670)
42. Skoog S. M., Smyrk T. C., Talwalkar J. A. Cephalexin-induced cholestatic hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol: 2004; 38 9 833
43. Bilici A., Karaduman M., Cankir Z. A rare case of hepatitis associated with cefprozil therapy. Scand J Infect Dis: 2007; 39 2 190 192 (Pubitemid 46277328)
44. Peker E., Cagan E., Dogan M. Ceftriaxone-induced toxic hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol: 2009; 15 21 2669 2671
45. Shiffman M. L., Keith F. B., Moore E. W. Pathogenesis of ceftriaxone-associated biliary sludge. In vitro studies of calcium-ceftriaxone binding and solubility. Gastroenterology: 1990; 99 6 1772 1778
46. Chen J., Ahmad J. Cefdinir-induced hepatotoxicity: potential hazards of inappropriate antibiotic use. J Gen Intern Med: 2008; 23 11 1914 1916
47. Avila P., Capellà D., Laporte J. R., Moreno V. Which salt of erythromycin is most hepatotoxic? Lancet: 1988; 1 8594 1104
48. Derby L. E., Jick H., Henry D. A., Dean A. D. Erythromycin-associated cholestatic hepatitis. Med J Aust: 1993; 158 9 600 602 (Pubitemid 23225275)
49. Carson J. L., Strom B. L., Duff A., et al. Acute liver disease associated with erythromycins, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Ann Intern Med: 1993; 119 7 Pt 1 576 583 (Pubitemid 23311258)
50. Zafrani E. S., Ishak K. G., Rudzki C. Cholestatic and hepatocellular injury associated with erythromycin esters: report of nine cases. Dig Dis Sci: 1979; 24 5 385 396 (Pubitemid 9183085)
51. Gholson C. F., Warren G. H. Fulminant hepatic failure associated with intravenous erythromycin lactobionate. Arch Intern Med: 1990; 150 1 215 216 (Pubitemid 20085224)
52. Brown B. A., Wallace R. J. Jr, Griffith D. E., Girard W. Clarithromycin-induced hepatotoxicity. Clin Infect Dis: 1995; 20 4 1073 1074
53. Shaheen N., Grimm I. S. Fulminant hepatic failure associated with clarithromycin. Am J Gastroenterol: 1996; 91 2 394 395 (Pubitemid 26067360)
54. Masiá M., Gutiérrez F., Jimeno A., et al. Fulminant hepatitis and fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell disease) coincident with clarithromycin administration in an alcoholic patient receiving disulfiram therapy. Arch Intern Med: 2002; 162 4 474 476 (Pubitemid 34150652)
55. Laboratories A. Biaxin Prescribing Information. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ docs/en-GB/document-library/Referrals-document/moxifloxacin-107/WC500011981.pdf. Accessed September 5, 2010
56. Longo G., Valenti C., Gandini G., Ferrara L., Bertesi M., Emilia G. Azithromycin-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. Am J Med: 1997; 102 2 217 218 (Pubitemid 27123006)
57. Cascaval R. I., Lancaster D. J. Hypersensitivity syndrome associated with azithromycin. Am J Med: 2001; 110 4 330 331
58. Chandrupatla S., Demetris A. J., Rabinovitz M. Azithromycin-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. Dig Dis Sci: 2002; 47 10 2186 2188 (Pubitemid 35205292)
59. Lockwood A. M., Cole S., Rabinovich M. Azithromycin-induced liver injury. Am J Health Syst Pharm: 2010; 67 10 810 814
60. Principi N., Esposito S. Comparative tolerability of erythromycin and newer macrolide antibacterials in paediatric patients. Drug Saf: 1999; 20 1 25 41 (Pubitemid 29041613)
61. Molleston J. P., Fontana R. J., Lopez M. J., Kleiner D. E., Gu J., Chalasani N.; Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Characteristics of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury in children: results from the DILIN prospective study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr: 2011; 53 2 182 189
62. Clay K. D., Hanson J. S., Pope S. D., Rissmiller R. W., Purdum P. P. III, Banks P. M. Brief communication: severe hepatotoxicity of telithromycin: three case reports and literature review. Ann Intern Med: 2006; 144 6 415 420 (Pubitemid 46768163)
63. Graham D. J. Telithromycin and acute liver failure. N Engl J Med: 2006; 355 21 2260 2261
64. Chang C. Y., Schiano T. D. Review article: drug hepatotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther: 2007; 25 10 1135 1151 (Pubitemid 46650295)
65. Brinker A. D., Wassel R. T., Lyndly J., et al. Telithromycin-associated hepatotoxicity: clinical spectrum and causality assessment of 42 cases. Hepatology: 2009; 49 1 250 257
66. Onur O., Guneysel O., Denizbasi A., Celikel C. Acute hepatitis attack after exposure to telithromycin. Clin Ther: 2007; 29 8 1725 1729 (Pubitemid 47494541)
67. Iannini P. B. The safety profile of moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in special patient populations. Curr Med Res Opin: 2007; 23 6 1403 1413 (Pubitemid 46998448)
68. Esposito S., Noviello S., Leone S., Ianniello F., Ascione T., Gaeta G. B. Clinical efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin in patients with liver disease: a prospective, non-comparative, observational study. J Chemother: 2006; 18 1 33 37
69. Ho C. C., Chen Y. C., Hu F. C., Yu C. J., Yang P. C., Luh K. T. Safety of fluoroquinolone use in patients with hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tuberculosis regimens. Clin Infect Dis: 2009; 48 11 1526 1533
70. Grassmick B. K., Lehr V. T., Sundareson A. S. Fulminant hepatic failure possibly related to ciprofloxacin. Ann Pharmacother: 1992; 26 5 636 639
71. Fuchs S., Simon Z., Brezis M. Fatal hepatic failure associated with ciprofloxacin. Lancet: 1994; 343 8899 738 739 (Pubitemid 24087878)
72. Spahr L., Rubbia-Brandt L., Marinescu O., Armenian B., Hadengue A. Acute fatal hepatitis related to levofloxacin. J Hepatol: 2001; 35 2 308 309 (Pubitemid 32803490)
73. Coban S., Ceydilek B., Ekiz F., Erden E., Soykan I. Levofloxacin-induced acute fulminant hepatic failure in a patient with chronic hepatitis B infection. Ann Pharmacother: 2005; 39 10 1737 1740 (Pubitemid 41393136)
74. Carrascosa M. F., Lucena M. I., Andrade R. J., et al. Fatal acute hepatitis after sequential treatment with levofloxacin, doxycycline, and naproxen in a patient presenting with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Clin Ther: 2009; 31 5 1014 1019
75. Agency E. M. The Scientific Conclusions and the Grounds for Amendments of the Summary of Product Characteristics and Package Leaflet (moxifloxacin). European Medical Agency. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/ Referrals-document/moxifloxacin-107/WC500011981.pdf. Accessed May 9, 2014
76. Verma R., Dhamija R., Batts D. H., Ross S. C., Loehrke M. E. Moxifloxacin induced fatal hepatotoxicity in a 72-year-old man: a case report. Cases J: 2009; 2 8063
77. Nori S., Nebesio C., Brashear R., Travers J. B. Moxifloxacin-associated drug hypersensitivity syndrome with toxic epidermal necrolysis and fulminant hepatic failure. Arch Dermatol: 2004; 140 12 1537 1538 (Pubitemid 39627455)
78. Henann N. E., Zambie M. F. Gatifloxacin-associated acute hepatitis. Pharmacotherapy: 2001; 21 12 1579 1582 (Pubitemid 33117260)
79. Orman E. S., Conjeevaram H. S., Vuppalanchi R., et al. DILIN Research Group. Clinical and histopathologic features of fluoroquinolone-induced liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2011; 9 6 517 523, e3
80. Ball P., Mandell L., Niki Y., Tillotson G. Comparative tolerability of the newer fluoroquinolone antibacterials. Drug Saf: 1999; 21 5 407 421 (Pubitemid 29520901)
81. Owens R. C. Jr, Ambrose P. G. Antimicrobial safety: focus on fluoroquinolones. Clin Infect Dis: 2005; 41 02 S144 S157 (Pubitemid 40962485)
82. Bertino J. Jr, Fish D. The safety profile of the fluoroquinolones. Clin Ther: 2000; 22 7 798 817, discussion 797 (Pubitemid 30625913)
83. Mandell L., Tillotson G. Safety of fluoroquinolones: An update. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol: 2002; 13 1 54 61 (Pubitemid 34453830)
84. Lucena M. I., Andrade R. J., Rodrigo L., et al. Trovafloxacin-induced acute hepatitis. Clin Infect Dis: 2000; 30 2 400 401 (Pubitemid 30131558)
85. Sun Q., Zhu R., Foss F. W. Jr, Macdonald T. L. In vitro metabolism of a model cyclopropylamine to reactive intermediate: insights into trovafloxacin-induced hepatotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol: 2008; 21 3 711 719 (Pubitemid 351498047)
86. Dujovne C. A., Chan C. H., Zimmerman H. J. Sulfonamide hepatic injury. Review of the literature and report of a case due to sulfamethoxazole. N Engl J Med: 1967; 277 15 785 788
87. Ransohoff D. F., Jacobs G. Terminal hepatic failure following a small dose of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Gastroenterology: 1981; 80 4 816 819 (Pubitemid 11137767)
88. Espiritu C. R., Kim T. S., Levine R. A. Granulomatous hepatitis associated with sulfadimethoxine hypersensitivity. JAMA: 1967; 202 10 985 988
89. Lazar H. P., Murphy R. L., Phair J. P. Fansidar and hepatic granulomas. Ann Intern Med: 1985; 102 5 722 (Pubitemid 15120503)
90. Kowdley K. V., Keeffe E. B., Fawaz K. A. Prolonged cholestasis due to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Gastroenterology: 1992; 102 6 2148 2150
91. Yao F., Behling C. A., Saab S., Li S., Hart M., Lyche K. D. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced vanishing bile duct syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol: 1997; 92 1 167 169 (Pubitemid 27027055)
92. Mainra R. R., Card S. E. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-associated hepatotoxicity - part of a hypersensitivity syndrome. Can J Clin Pharmacol: 2003; 10 4 175 178 (Pubitemid 38181968)
93. Neuman M. G., McKinney K. K., Nanau R. M., et al. Drug-induced severe adverse reaction enhanced by human herpes virus-6 reactivation. Transl Res: 2013; 161 5 430 440
94. Wolkenstein P., Carrière V., Charue D., et al. A slow acetylator genotype is a risk factor for sulphonamide-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Pharmacogenetics: 1995; 5 4 255 258
95. [Anonymous]. Tetracycline hepatotoxicity. BMJ: 1964; 2 5424 1545 1546
96. Zimmerman H. J. Hepatotoxicity: The advert effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. In: Wilkins LWa. ed. 2d ed; 1999
97. Björnsson E., Lindberg J., Olsson R. Liver reactions to oral low-dose tetracyclines. Scand J Gastroenterol: 1997; 32 4 390 395 (Pubitemid 27156179)
98. Hunt C. M., Washington K. Tetracycline-induced bile duct paucity and prolonged cholestasis. Gastroenterology: 1994; 107 6 1844 1847 (Pubitemid 24357643)
99. Whalley P. J., Adams R. H., Combes B. Tetracycline toxicity in pregnancy. Liver and pancreatic dysfunction. JAMA: 1964; 189 357 362
100. Heaton P. C., Fenwick S. R., Brewer D. E. Association between tetracycline or doxycycline and hepatotoxicity: a population based case-control study. J Clin Pharm Ther: 2007; 32 5 483 487 (Pubitemid 47404289)
101. Seaman H. E., Lawrenson R. A., Williams T. J., MacRae K. D., Farmer R. D. The risk of liver damage associated with minocycline: a comparative study. J Clin Pharmacol: 2001; 41 8 852 860 (Pubitemid 32692096)
102. Lawrenson R. A., Seaman H. E., Sundström A., Williams T. J., Farmer R. D. Liver damage associated with minocycline use in acne: a systematic review of the published literature and pharmacovigilance data. Drug Saf: 2000; 23 4 333 349
103. Knowles S. R., Shapiro L., Shear N. H. Serious adverse reactions induced by minocycline. Report of 13 patients and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol: 1996; 132 8 934 939 (Pubitemid 26266936)
104. Björnsson E., Talwalkar J., Treeprasertsuk S., et al. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: clinical characteristics and prognosis. Hepatology: 2010; 51 6 2040 2048
105. Gough A., Chapman S., Wagstaff K., Emery P., Elias E. Minocycline induced autoimmune hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. BMJ: 1996; 312 7024 169 172 (Pubitemid 26026289)
106. Min D. I., Burke P. A., Lewis W. D., Jenkins R. L. Acute hepatic failure associated with oral minocycline: a case report. Pharmacotherapy: 1992; 12 1 68 71
107. Pohle T., Menzel J., Domschke W. Minocycline and fulminant hepatic failure necessitating liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol: 2000; 95 2 560 561 (Pubitemid 30106204)
108. D'Arcy P. F. Nitrofurantoin. Drug Intell Clin Pharm: 1985; 19 7-8 540 547
109. Goldstein L. I., Ishak K. G., Burns W. Hepatic injury associated with nitrofurantoin therapy. Am J Dig Dis: 1974; 19 11 987 998
110. Stricker B. H., Blok A. P., Claas F. H., Van Parys G. E., Desmet V. J. Hepatic injury associated with the use of nitrofurans: a clinicopathological study of 52 reported cases. Hepatology: 1988; 8 3 599 606
111. Sharp J. R., Ishak K. G., Zimmerman H. J. Chronic active hepatitis and severe hepatic necrosis associated with nitrofurantoin. Ann Intern Med: 1980; 92 1 14 19 (Pubitemid 10135217)
112. Black M., Rabin L., Schatz N. Nitrofurantoin-induced chronic active hepatitis. Ann Intern Med: 1980; 92 1 62 64 (Pubitemid 10135225)
113. Sippel P. J., Agger W. A. Nitrofurantoin-induced granulomatous hepatitis. Urology: 1981; 18 2 177 178 (Pubitemid 11033843)
114. Czaja A. J. Performance parameters of the conventional serological markers for autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci: 2011; 56 2 545 554
115. Appleyard S., Saraswati R., Gorard D. A. Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by nitrofurantoin: a case series. J Med Case Reports: 2010; 4 311
116. Merino G., Jonker J. W., Wagenaar E., van Herwaarden A. E., Schinkel A. H. The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) affects pharmacokinetics, hepatobiliary excretion, and milk secretion of the antibiotic nitrofurantoin. Mol Pharmacol: 2005; 67 5 1758 1764 (Pubitemid 40594177)
117. Merino G., van Herwaarden A. E., Wagenaar E., Jonker J. W., Schinkel A. H. Sex-dependent expression and activity of the ATP-binding cassette transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in liver. Mol Pharmacol: 2005; 67 5 1765 1771 (Pubitemid 40594178)
118. Devarbhavi H., Singh R., Patil M., Sheth K., Adarsh C. K., Balaraju G. Outcome and determinants of mortality in 269 patients with combination anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2013; 28 1 161 167
119. Shang P., Xia Y., Liu F., et al. Incidence, clinical features and impact on anti-tuberculosis treatment of anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury (ATLI) in China. PLoS ONE: 2011; 6 7 e21836
120. Aithal G. P., Watkins P. B., Andrade R. J., et al. Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther: 2011; 89 6 806 815
121. Tahaoǧlu K., Ataç G., Sevim T., et al. The management of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis: 2001; 5 1 65 69 (Pubitemid 32401878)
122. Yee D., Valiquette C., Pelletier M., Parisien I., Rocher I., Menzies D. Incidence of serious side effects from first-line antituberculosis drugs among patients treated for active tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 2003; 167 11 1472 1477 (Pubitemid 37363354)
123. Chang K. C., Leung C. C., Yew W. W., Lau T. Y., Tam C. M. Hepatotoxicity of pyrazinamide: cohort and case-control analyses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 2008; 177 12 1391 1396 (Pubitemid 351860918)
124. Sharma S. K., Singla R., Sarda P., et al. Safety of 3 different reintroduction regimens of antituberculosis drugs after development of antituberculosis treatment-induced hepatotoxicity. Clin Infect Dis: 2010; 50 6 833 839
125. Saukkonen J. Challenges in reintroducing tuberculosis medications after hepatotoxicity. Clin Infect Dis: 2010; 50 6 840 842
126. Kumar R., Bhatia V., Khanal S., et al. Shalimar. Antituberculosis therapy-induced acute liver failure: magnitude, profile, prognosis, and predictors of outcome. Hepatology: 2010; 51 5 1665 1674
127. Devarbhavi H., Dierkhising R., Kremers W. K. Antituberculosis therapy drug-induced liver injury and acute liver failure. Hepatology: 2010; 52 2 798 799, author reply 799-800
128. Metushi I. G., Cai P., Zhu X., Nakagawa T., Uetrecht J. P. A fresh look at the mechanism of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther: 2011; 89 6 911 914
129. Sharma S. K., Balamurugan A., Saha P. K., Pandey R. M., Mehra N. K. Evaluation of clinical and immunogenetic risk factors for the development of hepatotoxicity during antituberculosis treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 2002; 166 7 916 919 (Pubitemid 35193218)
130. Metushi I. G., Sanders C., Lee W. M., Uetrecht J.; Acute Liver Study Group. Detection of anti-isoniazid and anti-cytochrome P450 antibodies in patients with isoniazid-induced liver failure. Hepatology: 2014; 59 3 1084 1093
131. Bothamley G. H. Treatment, tuberculosis, and human leukocyte antigen. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 2002; 166 7 907 908 (Pubitemid 35193215)
132. James L., Roberts D. Isoniazid hepatotoxicity: Progress in understanding the immunologic component. Hepatology: 2014; 59 3 746 748
133. Tostmann A., Boeree M. J., Aarnoutse R. E., de Lange W. C., van der Ven A. J., Dekhuijzen R. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: concise up-to-date review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2008; 23 2 192 202 (Pubitemid 351257678)
134. Black M., Mitchell J. R., Zimmerman H. J., Ishak K. G., Epler G. R. Isoniazid-associated hepatitis in 114 patients. Gastroenterology: 1975; 69 2 289 302
135. Mitchell J. R., Zimmerman H. J., Ishak K. G., et al. Isoniazid liver injury: clinical spectrum, pathology, and probable pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med: 1976; 84 2 181 192
136. Steele M. A., Burk R. F., DesPrez R. M. Toxic hepatitis with isoniazid and rifampin. A meta-analysis. Chest: 1991; 99 2 465 471
137. Lobato M. N., Jereb J. A., Starke J. R. Unintended consequences: mandatory tuberculin skin testing and severe isoniazid hepatotoxicity. Pediatrics: 2008; 121 6 e1732 e1733
138. Menzies D., Long R., Trajman A., et al. Adverse events with 4 months of rifampin therapy or 9 months of isoniazid therapy for latent tuberculosis infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med: 2008; 149 10 689 697
139. Gordin F. M., Cohn D. L., Matts J. P., Chaisson R. E., O'Brien R. J.; Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS; Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatotoxicity of rifampin and pyrazinamide in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected persons: is it different than in HIV-uninfected persons? Clin Infect Dis: 2004; 39 4 561 565 (Pubitemid 39120935)
140. Huang Y. S., Chern H. D., Su W. J., et al. Polymorphism of the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene as a susceptibility risk factor for antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology: 2002; 35 4 883 889
141. Wang P. Y., Xie S. Y., Hao Q., Zhang C., Jiang B. F. NAT2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis: 2012; 16 5 589 595
142. Huang Y. S., Chern H. D., Su W. J., et al. Cytochrome P450 2E1 genotype and the susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology: 2003; 37 4 924 930
143. García Rodríguez L. A., Duque A., Castellsague J., Pérez-Gutthann S., Stricker B. H. A cohort study on the risk of acute liver injury among users of ketoconazole and other antifungal drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol: 1999; 48 6 847 852
144. Stricker B. H., Blok A. P., Bronkhorst F. B., Van Parys G. E., Desmet V. J. Ketoconazole-associated hepatic injury. A clinicopathological study of 55 cases. J Hepatol: 1986; 3 3 399 406 (Pubitemid 17227491)
145. Lewis J. H., Zimmerman H. J., Benson G. D., Ishak K. G. Hepatic injury associated with ketoconazole therapy. Analysis of 33 cases. Gastroenterology: 1984; 86 3 503 513 (Pubitemid 14154661)
146. Duarte P. A., Chow C. C., Simmons F., Ruskin J. Fatal hepatitis associated with ketoconazole therapy. Arch Intern Med: 1984; 144 5 1069 1070 (Pubitemid 14145220)
147. Bercoff E., Bernuau J., Degott C., et al. Ketoconazole-induced fulminant hepatitis. Gut: 1985; 26 6 636 638 (Pubitemid 15054439)
148. Health E. MASM. European Medicines Agency recommends suspension of marketing authorisations for oral ketoconazole. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/ en-GB/document-library/Press-release/2013/07/WC500146613.pd. Accessed January 2, 2014
149. Administration USFaD. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA limits usage of nizoral (ketoconazole) oral tablets due to potentially fatal liver injury and risk of drug interactions and adrenal gland problems. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ DrugSafety/ucm362415.htm. Accessed January 2, 2014
150. Ikemoto H. A clinical study of fluconazole for the treatment of deep mycoses. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis: 1989; 12 (4, Suppl) 239S 247S (Pubitemid 20005468)
151. Fischer M. A., Winkelmayer W. C., Rubin R. H., Avorn J. The hepatotoxicity of antifungal medications in bone marrow transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis: 2005; 41 3 301 307 (Pubitemid 41022104)
152. Bronstein J. A., Gros P., Hernandez E., Larroque P., Molinié C. Fatal acute hepatic necrosis due to dose-dependent fluconazole hepatotoxicity. Clin Infect Dis: 1997; 25 5 1266 1267 (Pubitemid 27513236)
153. Schöttker B., Dösch A., Kraemer D. M. Severe hepatotoxicity after application of desloratadine and fluconazole. Acta Haematol: 2003; 110 1 43 44 (Pubitemid 37140405)
154. Lou H. Y., Fang C. L., Fang S. U., Tiong C., Cheng Y. C., Chang C. C. Hepatic failure related to itraconazole use successfully treated by corticosteroids. Hepat Mon: 2011; 11 10 843 846
155. Lavrijsen A. P., Balmus K. J., Nugteren-Huying W. M., Roldaan A. C., van't Wout J. W., Stricker B. H. Hepatic injury associated with itraconazole. Lancet: 1992; 340 8813 251 252
156. Gallardo-Quesada S., Luelmo-Aguilar J., Guanyabens-Calvet C. Hepatotoxicity associated with itraconazole. Int J Dermatol: 1995; 34 8 589
157. Talwalkar J. A., Soetikno R. E., Carr-Locke D. L., Berg C. L. Severe cholestasis related to intraconazole for the treatment of onychomycosis. Am J Gastroenterol: 1999; 94 12 3632 3633
158. Adriaenssens B., Roskams T., Steger P., Van Steenbergen W. Hepatotoxicity related to itraconazole: report of three cases. Acta Clin Belg: 2001; 56 6 364 369 (Pubitemid 34123364)
159. Tuccori M., Bresci F., Guidi B., Blandizzi C., Del Tacca M., Di Paolo M. Fatal hepatitis after long-term pulse itraconazole treatment for onychomycosis. Ann Pharmacother: 2008; 42 7 1112 1117
160. Yoshikado T., Takada T., Yamamoto T., et al. Itraconazole-induced cholestasis: involvement of the inhibition of bile canalicular phospholipid translocator MDR3/ABCB4. Mol Pharmacol: 2011; 79 2 241 250
161. Potoski B. A., Brown J. The safety of voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis: 2002; 35 10 1273 1275
162. Johnson L. B., Kauffman C. A. Voriconazole: a new triazole antifungal agent. Clin Infect Dis: 2003; 36 5 630 637 (Pubitemid 36259570)
163. Chu H. Y., Jain R., Xie H., Pottinger P., Fredricks D. N. Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring: retrospective cohort study of the relationship to clinical outcomes and adverse events. BMC Infect Dis: 2013; 13 1 105
164. Solís-Muñoz P., López J. C., Bernal W., et al. Voriconazole hepatotoxicity in severe liver dysfunction. J Infect: 2013; 66 1 80 86
165. Chang C. H., Young-Xu Y., Kurth T., Orav J. E., Chan A. K. The safety of oral antifungal treatments for superficial dermatophytosis and onychomycosis: a meta-analysis. Am J Med: 2007; 120 9 791 798
166. Gupta A. K., del Rosso J. Q., Lynde C. W., Brown G. H., Shear N. H. Hepatitis associated with terbinafine therapy: three case reports and a review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol: 1998; 23 2 64 67 (Pubitemid 28308366)
167. Hall M., Monka C., Krupp P., O'Sullivan D. Safety of oral terbinafine: results of a postmarketing surveillance study in 25,884 patients. Arch Dermatol: 1997; 133 10 1213 1219 (Pubitemid 27443813)
168. Mallat A., Zafrani E. S., Metreau J. M., Dhumeaux D. Terbinafine-induced prolonged cholestasis with reduction of interlobular bile ducts. Dig Dis Sci: 1997; 42 7 1486 1488 (Pubitemid 27339368)
169. Anania F. A., Rabin L. Terbinafine hepatotoxicity resulting in chronic biliary ductopenia and portal fibrosis. Am J Med: 2002; 112 9 741 742 (Pubitemid 34655669)
170. Agarwal K., Manas D. M., Hudson M. Terbinafine and fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med: 1999; 340 16 1292 1293
171. Perveze Z., Johnson M. W., Rubin R. A., et al. Terbinafine-induced hepatic failure requiring liver transplantation. Liver Transpl: 2007; 13 1 162 164 (Pubitemid 46099987)
172. Núñez M. Clinical syndromes and consequences of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity. Hepatology: 2010; 52 3 1143 1155
173. Han H., Agarwal R., Martel-Laferriere V., Dieterich D. T. Antiretroviral and anti-hepatitis C virus direct-acting antiviral-related hepatotoxicity. Clin Liver Dis: 2013; 17 4 657 670, ix ix
174. Sulkowski M. S., Thomas D. L., Chaisson R. E., Moore R. D. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection. JAMA: 2000; 283 1 74 80 (Pubitemid 30038386)
175. Devarbhavi H., Karanth D., Prasanna K. S., Adarsh C. K., Patil M. Drug-induced liver injury with hypersensitivity features has a better outcome: a single-center experience of 39 children and adolescents. Hepatology: 2011; 54 4 1344 1350
176. Eshki M., Allanore L., Musette P., et al. Twelve-year analysis of severe cases of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: a cause of unpredictable multiorgan failure. Arch Dermatol: 2009; 145 1 67 72
177. Shear N. H., Spielberg S. P. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. In vitro assessment of risk. J Clin Invest: 1988; 82 6 1826 1832 (Pubitemid 19054926)
178. Pirmohamed M., Graham A., Roberts P., et al. Carbamazepine- hypersensitivity: assessment of clinical and in vitro chemical cross-reactivity with phenytoin and oxcarbazepine. Br J Clin Pharmacol: 1991; 32 6 741 749
179. Picard D., Janela B., Descamps V., et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): a multiorgan antiviral T cell response. Sci Transl Med: 2010; 2 46 46ra62
180. Ushigome Y., Kano Y., Hirahara K., Shiohara T. Human herpesvirus 6 reactivation in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome and DRESS validation score. Am J Med: 2012; 125 7 e9 e10
181. Shiohara T., Iijima M., Ikezawa Z., Hashimoto K. The diagnosis of a DRESS syndrome has been sufficiently established on the basis of typical clinical features and viral reactivations. Br J Dermatol: 2007; 156 5 1083 1084 (Pubitemid 46642847)
182. Ferrell P. B. Jr, McLeod H. L. Carbamazepine, HLA-B*1502 and risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: US FDA recommendations. Pharmacogenomics: 2008; 9 10 1543 1546
183. Pirmohamed M., Leeder J. S. Anticonvulsant agents. 3rd ed. Amsterdam Elsevier: 2013
184. Björnsson E. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiepileptic drugs. Acta Neurol Scand: 2008; 118 5 281 290
185. Chung W. H., Hung S. I., Chen Y. T. Genetic predisposition of life-threatening antiepileptic-induced skin reactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf: 2010; 9 1 15 21
186. Williams S. J., Ruppin D. C., Grierson J. M., et al. Carbamazepine hepatitis: the clinicopathological spectrum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol: 1986; 1 159 168
187. Bessmertny O., Hatton R. C., Gonzalez-Peralta R. P. Antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome in children. Ann Pharmacother: 2001; 35 5 533 538 (Pubitemid 32428125)
188. Hsu H. F., Huang S. Y. Severe hepatitis associated with administration of oxcarbazepine. Pediatr Int: 2010; 52 4 677 678
189. Bosdure E., Cano A., Roquelaure B., et al. [Oxcarbazepine and DRESS syndrome: a paediatric cause of acute liver failure]. Arch Pediatr: 2004; 11 9 1073 1077 (Pubitemid 39233346)
190. Spielberg S. P., Gordon G. B., Blake D. A., Goldstein D. A., Herlong H. F. Predisposition to phenytoin hepatotoxicity assessed in vitro. N Engl J Med: 1981; 305 13 722 727 (Pubitemid 11062054)
191. Ferrajolo C., Capuano A., Verhamme K. M., et al. Drug-induced hepatic injury in children: a case/non-case study of suspected adverse drug reactions in VigiBase. Br J Clin Pharmacol: 2010; 70 5 721 728
192. Neuman M. G., Cohen L., Nanau R. M., Hwang P. A. Genetic and immune predictors for hypersensitivity syndrome to antiepileptic drugs. Transl Res: 2012; 159 5 397 406
193. Zimmerman H. J., Ishak K. G. Valproate-induced hepatic injury: analyses of 23 fatal cases. Hepatology: 1982; 2 5 591 597 (Pubitemid 13173942)
194. Scheffner D., König S., Rauterberg-Ruland I., Kochen W., Hofmann W. J., Unkelbach S. Fatal liver failure in 16 children with valproate therapy. Epilepsia: 1988; 29 5 530 542
195. Bohan T. P., Helton E., McDonald I., et al. Effect of L-carnitine treatment for valproate-induced hepatotoxicity. Neurology: 2001; 56 10 1405 1409 (Pubitemid 32455310)
196. Russo M. W., Galanko J. A., Shrestha R., Fried M. W., Watkins P. Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States. Liver Transpl: 2004; 10 8 1018 1023 (Pubitemid 39232756)
197. Nanau R. M., Neuman M. G. Adverse drug reactions induced by valproic acid. Clin Biochem: 2013; 46 15 1323 1338
198. Saneto R. P., Lee I. C., Koenig M. K., et al. POLG DNA testing as an emerging standard of care before instituting valproic acid therapy for pediatric seizure disorders. Seizure: 2010; 19 3 140 146
199. Stewart J. D., Horvath R., Baruffini E., et al. Polymerase γ gene POLG determines the risk of sodium valproate-induced liver toxicity. Hepatology: 2010; 52 5 1791 1796
200. Dreifuss F. E., Santilli N., Langer D. H., Sweeney K. P., Moline K. A., Menander K. B. Valproic acid hepatic fatalities: a retrospective review. Neurology: 1987; 37 3 379 385 (Pubitemid 17031731)
201. Bryant A. E. III, Dreifuss F. E. Valproic acid hepatic fatalities. III. U.S. experience since 1986. Neurology: 1996; 46 2 465 469 (Pubitemid 26081333)
202. Bialer M. Chemical properties of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Adv Drug Deliv Rev: 2012; 64 10 887 895
203. LaRoche S. M. A new look at the second-generation antiepileptic drugs: a decade of experience. Neurologist: 2007; 13 3 133 139
204. Ouellet G., Tremblay L., Marleau D. Fulminant hepatitis induced by lamotrigine. South Med J: 2009; 102 1 82 84
205. Amante M. F., Filippini A. V., Cejas N., Lendoire J., Imventarza O., Parisi C. Dress syndrome and fulminant hepatic failure induced by lamotrigine. Ann Hepatol: 2009; 8 1 75 77
206. Tan T. C., de Boer B. W., Mitchell A., et al. Levetiracetam as a possible cause of fulminant liver failure. Neurology: 2008; 71 9 685 686
207. Malik S., Arif H., Hirsch L. J. Lamotrigine and its applications in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Expert Rev Neurother: 2006; 6 11 1609 1627 (Pubitemid 44904008)
208. Johannessen S. I., Landmark C. J. Antiepileptic drug interactions - principles and clinical implications. Curr Neuropharmacol: 2010; 8 3 254 267
209. May T. W., Rambeck B., Jürgens U. Influence of oxcarbazepine and methsuximide on lamotrigine concentrations in epileptic patients with and without valproic acid comedication: results of a retrospective study. Ther Drug Monit: 1999; 21 2 175 181 (Pubitemid 29168895)
210. Gambardella A., Labate A., Colosimo E., Ambrosio R., Quattrone A. Monotherapy for partial epilepsy: focus on levetiracetam. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat: 2008; 4 1 33 38 (Pubitemid 351460977)
211. Partap S., Fisher P. G. Levetiracetam for seizures in children with brain tumors and other cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer: 2009; 52 2 288 289
212. Sethi N. K., Sethi P. K., Torgovnick J., Arsura E., Cukierwar F. Asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes due to levetiracetam: a case report. Drug Metabol Drug Interact: 2013; 28 2 123 124
213. Hamer H. M., Morris H. H. Successful treatment with gabapentin in the presence of hypersensitivity syndrome to phenytoin and carbamazepine: a report of three cases. Seizure: 1999; 8 3 190 192 (Pubitemid 29255513)
214. Ragucci M. V., Cohen J. M. Gabapentin-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol: 2001; 24 2 103 105 (Pubitemid 32294686)
215. Lasso-de-la-Vega M. C., Zapater P., Such J., Pérez-Mateo M., Horga J. F. Gabapentin-associated hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol: 2001; 96 12 3460 3462
216. Bureau C., Poirson H., Péron J. M., Vinel J. P. [Gabapentine-induced acute hepatitis]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol: 2003; 27 12 1169 1170
217. Einarsdottir S., Björnsson E. Pregabalin as a probable cause of acute liver injury. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2008; 20 10 1049
218. Doǧan S., Ozberk S., Yurci A. Pregabalin-induced hepatotoxicity. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2011; 23 7 628
219. Lucena M. I., Carvajal A., Andrade R. J., Velasco A. Antidepressant- induced hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf: 2003; 2 3 249 262
220. Park S. H., Ishino R. Liver injury associated with antidepressants. Curr Drug Saf: 2013; 8 3 207 223
221. Spigset O., Hägg S., Bate A. Hepatic injury and pancreatitis during treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: data from the World Health Organization (WHO) database of adverse drug reactions. Int Clin Psychopharmacol: 2003; 18 3 157 161 (Pubitemid 36571060)
222. Wernicke J., Pangallo B., Wang F., et al. Hepatic effects of duloxetine-I: non-clinical and clinical trial data. Curr Drug Saf: 2008; 3 2 132 142
223. Xue F., Strombom I., Turnbull B., Zhu S., Seeger J. D. Duloxetine for depression and the incidence of hepatic events in adults. J Clin Psychopharmacol: 2011; 31 4 517 522
224. Strombom I., Wernicke J. F., Seeger J., D'Souza D. N., Acharya N. Hepatic effects of duloxetine-III: analysis of hepatic events using external data sources. Curr Drug Saf: 2008; 3 2 154 162
225. Vuppalanchi R., Hayashi P. H., Chalasani N., et al. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Duloxetine hepatotoxicity: a case-series from the drug-induced liver injury network. Aliment Pharmacol Ther: 2010; 32 9 1174 1183
226. Merle V., Thiéfin G., Czernichow P. [Epidemiology of gastroduodenal complications associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol: 2004; 28 (Spec No 3): C27 C36
227. Lewis J. H., Stine J. G. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Leukotreine Receptor Antagonists. 3rd ed. Amsterdam Elsevier: 2013
228. Lapeyre-Mestre M., de Castro A. M., Bareille M. P., et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related hepatic damage in France and Spain: analysis from national spontaneous reporting systems. Fundam Clin Pharmacol: 2006; 20 4 391 395 (Pubitemid 44042962)
229. Gulmez S. E., Larrey D., Pageaux G. P., et al. Transplantation for acute liver failure in patients exposed to NSAIDs or paracetamol (acetaminophen): the multinational case-population SALT study. Drug Saf: 2013; 36 2 135 144
230. Goldkind L., Laine L. A systematic review of NSAIDs withdrawn from the market due to hepatotoxicity: lessons learned from the bromfenac experience. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf: 2006; 15 4 213 220
231. Aithal G. P. Hepatotoxicity related to antirheumatic drugs. Nat Rev Rheumatol: 2011; 7 3 139 150
232. Bessone F. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: What is the actual risk of liver damage? World J Gastroenterol: 2010; 16 45 5651 5661
233. Laine L., Goldkind L., Curtis S. P., Connors L. G., Yanqiong Z., Cannon C. P. How common is diclofenac-associated liver injury? Analysis of 17,289 arthritis patients in a long-term prospective clinical trial. Am J Gastroenterol: 2009; 104 2 356 362
234. Banks A. T., Zimmerman H. J., Ishak K. G., Harter J. G. Diclofenac-associated hepatotoxicity: analysis of 180 cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration as adverse reactions. Hepatology: 1995; 22 3 820 827
235. Shainhouse J. Z., Grierson L. M., Naseer Z. A long-term, open-label study to confirm the safety of topical diclofenac solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of the osteoarthritic knee. Am J Ther: 2010; 17 6 566 576
236. Daly A. K., Aithal G. P., Leathart J. B., Swainsbury R. A., Dang T. S., Day C. P. Genetic susceptibility to diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity: contribution of UGT2B7, CYP2C8, and ABCC2 genotypes. Gastroenterology: 2007; 132 1 272 281 (Pubitemid 46108755)
237. Aithal G. P., Ramsay L., Daly A. K., et al. Hepatic adducts, circulating antibodies, and cytokine polymorphisms in patients with diclofenac hepatotoxicity. Hepatology: 2004; 39 5 1430 1440 (Pubitemid 38569066)
238. Paterson D., Kerlin P., Walker N., Lynch S., Strong R. Piroxicam induced submassive necrosis of the liver. Gut: 1992; 33 10 1436 1438
239. Hepps K. S., Maliha G. M., Estrada R., Goodgame R. W. Severe cholestatic jaundice associated with piroxicam. Gastroenterology: 1991; 101 6 1737 1740
240. Yocum D., Fleischmann R., Dalgin P., Caldwell J., Hall D., Roszko P.; The Meloxicam Osteoarthritis Investigators. Safety and efficacy of meloxicam in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a 12-week, double-blind, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med: 2000; 160 19 2947 2954 (Pubitemid 32009052)
241. Rostom A., Goldkind L., Laine L. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hepatic toxicity: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in arthritis patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2005; 3 5 489 498 (Pubitemid 40616915)
242. Raber A., Heras J., Costa J., Fortea J., Cobos A. Incidence of spontaneous notifications of adverse reactions with aceclofenac, meloxicam, and rofecoxib during the first year after marketing in the United Kingdom. Ther Clin Risk Manag: 2007; 3 2 225 230 (Pubitemid 46881450)
243. Gierer I. M., Abdala O., Calderón C., Risoli E., Cravero A., Pinchuk L. [Meloxican-induced cholestasis]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam: 2000; 30 5 511 514
244. Martínez-Odriozola P., Gutiérrez-Macías A., Ibarmia-Lahuerta J., Muñóz-Sánchez J. Meloxicam as a cause of drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci: 2010; 55 4 1191 1192
245. Andrade R. J., Lucena M. I., García-Cortés M., García-Ruiz E., Fernández-Bonilla E., Vázquez L. Chronic hepatitis C, ibuprofen, and liver damage. Am J Gastroenterol: 2002; 97 7 1854 1855 (Pubitemid 34761432)
246. Taghian M., Tran T. A., Bresson-Hadni S., Menget A., Felix S., Jacquemin E. Acute vanishing bile duct syndrome after ibuprofen therapy in a child. J Pediatr: 2004; 145 2 273 276 (Pubitemid 38993407)
247. Alam I., Ferrell L. D., Bass N. M. Vanishing bile duct syndrome temporally associated with ibuprofen use. Am J Gastroenterol: 1996; 91 8 1626 1630 (Pubitemid 26269183)
248. Shaw P. J., Fullerton A. M., Scott M. A., Ganey P. E., Roth R. A. The role of the hemostatic system in murine liver injury induced by coexposure to lipopolysaccharide and trovafloxacin, a drug with idiosyncratic liability. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol: 2009; 236 3 293 300
249. Waring J. F., Liguori M. J., Luyendyk J. P., et al. Microarray analysis of lipopolysaccharide potentiation of trovafloxacin-induced liver injury in rats suggests a role for proinflammatory chemokines and neutrophils. J Pharmacol Exp Ther: 2006; 316 3 1080 1087 (Pubitemid 43345281)