Gene variants and haplotypes modifying transcription factor binding sites in the human cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (PTGS1 and PTGS2) genes

Current Drug Metabolism

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 182-195

  Agúndez, José A G ^a,b   González Álvarez, David L ^a   Vega Rodríguez, Miguel A ^a   Botello, Emilia ^a   García Martín, Elena ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA   (Spain)

^b AMGenomics Edificio Tajo ^*  (Spain)

Author keywords

COX 1; COX 2; Cyclooxygenases; Gene variants; PTGS1; PTGS2; Transcription factor; Upstream

Indexed keywords

CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; DNA FRAGMENT; PROTEIN MYB; TESTIS DETERMINING FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR CDX1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR E2F; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFKB; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR POU3F2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; PTGS1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; PTGS2 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

BINDING SITE; GENE; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOME; HAPLOTYPE; HUMAN; MARKER GENE; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; PTGS 1 GENE; PTGS 2 GENE; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; GENETICS; METABOLISM; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE;

BASE SEQUENCE; BINDING SITES; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOME; HAPLOTYPES; HUMANS; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 84900836813     PISSN: 13892002     EISSN: 18755453     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920021502140327180336     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Wong, S. L.; Wong, W. T.; Tian, X. Y.; Lau, C. W.; Huang, Y. Prostaglandins in action indispensable roles of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in endothelium-dependent contractions. Adv. Pharmacol., 2010, 60, 61-83.
2. Aid, S.; Bosetti, F. Targeting cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 in neuroinflammation: Therapeutic implications. Biochimie, 2011, 93 (1), 46-51.
3. Liu, B.; Qu, L.; Tao, H. Cyclo-oxygenase 2 up-regulates the effect of multidrug resistance. Cell Biol. Int., 2010, 34 (1), 21-25.
4. Wang, D.; Dubois, R. N. The role of COX-2 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. Oncogene, 2010, 29 (6), 781-788.
5. Rao, P.; Knaus, E. E. Evolution of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and beyond. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2008, 11 (2), 81s-110s.
6. Diaz, A.; Chepenik, K. P.; Korn, J. H.; Reginato, A. M.; Jimenez, S. A. Differential regulation of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 by interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in human lung fibroblasts. Exp. Cell Res., 1998, 241 (1), 222-229.
7. Kessler-Becker, D.; Krieg, T.; Eckes, B. Expression of proinflammatory markers by human dermal fibroblasts in a threedimensional culture model is mediated by an autocrine interleukin- 1 loop. Biochem, J., 2004, 379 (Pt 2), 351-358.
8. Agundez, J. A.; Martinez, C.; Perez-Sala, D.; Carballo, M.; Torres, M. J.; Garcia-Martin, E. Pharmacogenomics in aspirin intolerance. Curr. Drug Metab., 2009, 10 (9), 998-1008.
9. Vane, J. R.; Bakhle, Y. S.; Botting, R. M. Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1998, 38, 97-120.
10. Meade, E. A.; Smith, W. L.; DeWitt, D. L. Differential inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) isozymes by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J. Biol. Chem., 1993, 268 (9), 6610-6614.
11. Agundez, J. A.; Lucena, M. I.; Martinez, C.; Andrade, R. J.; Blanca, M.; Ayuso, P.; Garcia-Martin, E. Assessment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 2011, 7 (7), 817-828.
12. Malskat, W. S.; Knulst, A. C.; Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C. A.; Rockmann, H. Tolerance to alternative cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitive patients. Clin. Transl. Allergy, 2013, 3 (1), 20.
13. Ross, E. Update on the management of pain in arthritis and the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Curr. Pain Headache Rep., 2009, 13 (6), 455-459.
14. Lee, C. R.; Bottone, F. G., Jr.; Krahn, J. M.; Li, L.; Mohrenweiser, H. W.; Cook, M. E.; Petrovich, R. M.; Bell, D. A.; Eling, T. E.; Zeldin, D. C. Identification and functional characterization of polymorphisms in human cyclooxygenase-1 (PTGS1). Pharmacogenet. Genomics, 2007, 17 (2), 145-160.
15. Habermann, N.; Ulrich, C. M.; Lundgreen, A.; Makar, K. W.; Poole, E. M.; Caan, B.; Kulmacz, R.; Whitton, J.; Galbraith, R.; Potter, J. D.; Slattery, M. L. PTGS1, PTGS2, ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX15, and FLAP SNPs: interaction with fatty acids in colon cancer and rectal cancer. Genes Nutr., 2013, 8 (1), 115-126.
16. Lemaitre, R. N.; Rice, K.; Marciante, K.; Bis, J. C.; Lumley, T. S.; Wiggins, K. L.; Smith, N. L.; Heckbert, S. R.; Psaty, B. M. Variation in eicosanoid genes, non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis, 2009, 204 (2), e58-63.
17. Garcia-Gonzalez, M. A.; Nicolas-Perez, D.; Lanas, A.; Bujanda, L.; Carrera, P.; Benito, R.; Strunk, M.; Sopena, F.; Santolaria, S.; Piazuelo, E.; Jimenez, P.; Campo, R.; Espinel, J.; Manzano, M.; Geijo, F.; Pellise, M.; Gonzalez-Huix, F.; Espinos, J.; Zaballa, M.; Tito, L.; Barranco, L.; Pazo, R.; Quintero, E. Prognostic role of host cyclooxygenase and cytokine genotypes in a Caucasian cohort of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. PLoS One, 2012, 7 (9), e46179.
18. Motovska, Z.; Kvasnicka, J.; Widimsky, P.; Petr, R.; Hajkova, J.; Bobcikova, P.; Osmancik, P.; Odvodyova, D.; Katina, S. Platelet glycoprotein GP VI 13254C allele is an independent risk factor of premature myocardial infarction. Thromb. Res., 2010, 125 (2), e61-64.
19. Kury, S.; Buecher, B.; Robiou-du-Pont, S.; Scoul, C.; Colman, H.; Le Neel, T.; Le Houerou, C.; Faroux, R.; Ollivry, J.; Lafraise, B.; Chupin, L. D.; Sebille, V.; Bezieau, S. Low-penetrance alleles predisposing to sporadic colorectal cancers: a French casecontrolled genetic association study. BMC Cancer; 2008, 8, 326.
20. Huang, H. Y.; Thuita, L.; Strickland, P.; Hoffman, S. C.; Comstock, G. W.; Helzlsouer, K. J. Frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes regulating inflammatory responses in a community-based population. BMC Genet., 2007, 8, 7.
21. Coghill, A. E.; Newcomb, P. A.; Poole, E. M.; Hutter, C. M.; Makar, K. W.; Duggan, D.; Potter, J. D.; Ulrich, C. M. Genetic variation in inflammatory pathways is related to colorectal cancer survival. Clin. Cancer Res., 2011, 17 (22), 7139-7147.
22. Helmersson, J.; Arnlov, J.; Axelsson, T.; Basu, S. A polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase 1 gene is associated with decreased inflammatory prostaglandin F2alpha formation and lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 2009, 80 (1), 51-56.
23. Hahn, T.; Heinzel, S.; Plichta, M. M.; Reif, A.; Lesch, K. P.; Fallgatter, A. J. Neurovascular coupling in the human visual cortex is modulated by cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) gene variant. Cereb. Cortex, 2011, 21 (7), 1659-1666.
24. Landi, S.; Gemignani, F.; Bottari, F.; Gioia-Patricola, L.; Guino, E.; Cambray, M.; Biondo, S.; Capella, G.; Boldrini, L.; Canzian, F.; Moreno, V. Polymorphisms within inflammatory genes and colorectal cancer. J. Negat. Results Biomed., 2006, 5, 15.
25. Cornejo-Garcia, J. A.; Blanca-Lopez, N.; Dona, I.; Andreu, I.; Agundez, J. A.; Carballo, M.; Blanca, M.; Canto, M. G. Hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Curr. Drug Metab., 2009, 10 (9), 971-980.
26. Su, K. P.; Huang, S. Y.; Peng, C. Y.; Lai, H. C.; Huang, C. L.; Chen, Y. C.; Aitchison, K. J.; Pariante, C. M. Phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase 2 genes influence the risk of interferon-alphainduced depression by regulating polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Biol. Psychiatry, 2010, 67 (6), 550-557.
27. Badger, S. A.; Soong, C. V.; Young, I. S.; McGinty, A.; Mercer, C.; Hughes, A. E. The influence of COX-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms on abdominal aortic aneurysm development and the associated inflammation. Angiology, 2009, 60 (5), 576-581.
28. Hildebrandt, M. A.; Komaki, R.; Liao, Z.; Gu, J.; Chang, J. Y.; Ye, Y.; Lu, C.; Stewart, D. J.; Minna, J. D.; Roth, J. A.; Lippman, S. M.; Cox, J. D.; Hong, W. K.; Spitz, M. R.; Wu, X. Genetic variants in inflammation-related genes are associated with radiation-induced toxicity following treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One, 2010, 5 (8), e12402.
29. Pu, X.; Lippman, S. M.; Yang, H.; Lee, J. J.; Wu, X. Cyclooxygenase-2 gene polymorphisms reduce the risk of oral premalignant lesions. Cancer, 2009, 115 (7), 1498-1506.
30. Hegener, H. H.; Diehl, K. A.; Kurth, T.; Gaziano, J. M.; Ridker, P. M.; Zee, R. Y. Polymorphisms of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene, and prostaglandin-E receptor 2 gene, C-reactive protein concentrations and risk of atherothrombosis: a nested casecontrol approach. J. Thromb. Haemost., 2006, 4 (8), 1718-1722.
31. Skarke, C.; Schuss, P.; Kirchhof, A.; Doehring, A.; Geisslinger, G.; Lotsch, J. Pyrosequencing of polymorphisms in the COX-2 gene (PTGS2) with reported clinical relevance. Pharmacogenomics, 2007, 8 (12), 1643-1660.
32. Serre, D.; Gurd, S.; Ge, B.; Sladek, R.; Sinnett, D.; Harmsen, E.; Bibikova, M.; Chudin, E.; Barker, D. L.; Dickinson, T.; Fan, J. B.; Hudson, T. J. Differential allelic expression in the human genome: a robust approach to identify genetic and epigenetic cis-acting mechanisms regulating gene expression. PLoS Genet., 2008, 4 (2), e1000006.
33. Ross, J.; Lockett, L.; Brookes, D.; Tabor, B.; Duesing, K.; Buckley, M.; Lockett, T.; Molloy, P.; Macrae, F.; Young, G.; Blanco, I.; Capella, G.; Hannan, G. N. An association between the PTGS2 rs5275 polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk in families with inherited non-syndromic predisposition. Eur. J .Hum. Genet., 2013.
34. Wang, X.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Guan, X. Association between a functional variant at PTGS2 gene 3'UTR and its mRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Cell Biol. Int., 2013, 37 (5), 516-519.
35. McGettigan, P.; Lincz, L. F.; Attia, J.; McElduff, P.; Bissett, L.; Peel, R.; Stokes, B.; Hancock, S.; Henderson, K.; Seldon, M.; Henry, D. The risk of coronary thrombosis with cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors does not vary with polymorphisms in two regions of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2011, 72 (4), 707-714.
36. Liang, Y.; Liu, J. L.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Wu, R. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2011, 223 (2), 137-144.
37. Maguire, J.; Thakkinstian, A.; Levi, C.; Lincz, L.; Bisset, L.; Sturm, J.; Scott, R.; Whyte, S.; Attia, J. Impact of COX-2 rs5275 and rs20417 and GPIIIa rs5918 polymorphisms on 90-day ischemic stroke functional outcome: a novel finding. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis., 2011, 20 (2), 134-144.
38. Zhao, D.; Zhang, X.; Guo, Y.; Tan, W.; Lin, D. Cyclooxygenase-2 Gly587Arg variant is associated with differential enzymatic activity and risk of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. Mol. Carcinog., 2009, 48 (10), 934-941.
39. Hussain, S. K.; Mu, L. N.; Cai, L.; Chang, S. C.; Park, S. L.; Oh, S. S.; Wang, Y.; Goldstein, B. Y.; Ding, B. G.; Jiang, Q.; Rao, J.; You, N. C.; Yu, S. Z.; Papp, J. C.; Zhao, J. K.; Wang, H.; Zhang, Z. F. Genetic variation in immune regulation and DNA repair pathways and stomach cancer in China. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 2009, 18 (8), 2304-2309.
40. Vu, D.; Tellez-Corrales, E.; Shah, T.; Hutchinson, I.; Min, D. I. Influence of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene promoter-1195 and allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) polymorphisms on allograft outcome in Hispanic kidney transplant recipients. Hum. Immunol., 2013.
41. Serretti, A.; Chiesa, A.; Calati, R.; Massat, I.; Linotte, S.; Kasper, S.; Lecrubier, Y.; Fink, M.; Antonijevic, I.; Forray, C.; Snyder, L.; Bollen, J.; Zohar, J.; De Ronchi, D.; Souery, D.; Mendlewicz, J. No influence of PTGS2 polymorphisms on response and remission to antidepressants in major depression. Psychiatry Res., 2011, 188 (1), 166-169.
42. Shen, J.; Gammon, M. D.; Terry, M. B.; Teitelbaum, S. L.; Neugut, A. I.; Santella, R. M. Genetic polymorphisms in the cyclooxygenase-2 gene, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res., 2006, 8 (6), R71.
43. Rausch, S. M.; Gonzalez, B. D.; Clark, M. M.; Patten, C.; Felten, S.; Liu, H.; Li, Y.; Sloan, J.; Yang, P. SNPs in PTGS2 and LTA predict pain and quality of life in long term lung cancer survivors. Lung Cancer; 2012, 77 (1), 217-223.
44. Schonfeld, S. J.; Bhatti, P.; Brown, E. E.; Linet, M. S.; Simon, S. L.; Weinstock, R. M.; Hutchinson, A. A.; Stovall, M.; Preston, D. L.; Alexander, B. H.; Doody, M. M.; Sigurdson, A. J. Polymorphisms in oxidative stress and inflammation pathway genes, low-dose ionizing radiation, and the risk of breast cancer among US radiologic technologists. Cancer Causes Control, 2010, 21 (11), 1857-1866.
45. Yu, K. D.; Chen, A. X.; Yang, C.; Qiu, L. X.; Fan, L.; Xu, W. H.; Shao, Z. M. Current evidence on the relationship between polymorphisms in the COX-2 gene and breast cancer risk: a metaanalysis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 2010, 122 (1), 251-257.
46. Barry, E. L.; Sansbury, L. B.; Grau, M. V.; Ali, I. U.; Tsang, S.; Munroe, D. J.; Ahnen, D. J.; Sandler, R. S.; Saibil, F.; Gui, J.; Bresalier, R. S.; McKeown-Eyssen, G. E.; Burke, C.; Baron, J. A. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms, aspirin treatment, and risk for colorectal adenoma recurrence - data from a randomized clinical trial. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 2009, 18 (10), 2726-2733.
47. Danforth, K. N.; Hayes, R. B.; Rodriguez, C.; Yu, K.; Sakoda, L. C.; Huang, W. Y.; Chen, B. E.; Chen, J.; Andriole, G. L.; Calle, E. E.; Jacobs, E. J.; Chu, L. W.; Figueroa, J. D.; Yeager, M.; Platz, E. A.; Michaud, D. S.; Chanock, S. J.; Thun, M. J.; Hsing, A. W. Polymorphic variants in PTGS2 and prostate cancer risk: results from two large nested case-control studies. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29 (3), 568-572.
48. Cox, D. G.; Buring, J.; Hankinson, S. E.; Hunter, D. J. A polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 is not associated with an increase in breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res., 2007, 9 (1), R3.
49. Hakansson, A.; Bergman, O.; Chrapkowska, C.; Westberg, L.; Belin, A. C.; Sydow, O.; Johnels, B.; Olson, L.; Holmberg, B.; Nissbrandt, H. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 2007, 144B (3), 367-369.
50. Ozhan, G.; Lochan, R.; Leathart, J. B.; Charnley, R.; Daly, A. K. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer susceptibility. Pancreas, 2011, 40 (8), 1289-1294.
51. Ozhan, G.; Yanar, T. H.; Ertekin, C.; Alpertunga, B. The effect of genetic polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase 2 on acute pancreatitis in Turkey. Pancreas, 2010, 39 (3), 371-376.
52. Brasky, T. M.; Bonner, M. R.; Moysich, K. B.; Ochs-Balcom, H. M.; Marian, C.; Ambrosone, C. B.; Nie, J.; Tao, M. H.; Edge, S. B.; Trevisan, M.; Shields, P. G.; Freudenheim, J. L. Genetic variants in COX-2, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and breast cancer risk: the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 2011, 126 (1), 157-165.
53. Mathur, A.; Law, M. H.; Hamzehloei, T.; Megson, I. L.; Shaw, D. J.; Wei, J. No association between the PPARG gene and schizophrenia in a British population. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 2009, 81 (4), 273-277.
54. Thompson, C. L.; Plummer, S. J.; Merkulova, A.; Cheng, I.; Tucker, T. C.; Casey, G.; Li, L. No association between cyclooxygenase-2 and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 genetic polymorphisms and colon cancer risk. World J. Gastroenterol., 2009, 15 (18), 2240-2244.
55. Rudock, M. E.; Liu, Y.; Ziegler, J. T.; Allen, S. G.; Lehtinen, A. B.; Freedman, B. I.; Carr, J. J.; Langefeld, C. D.; Bowden, D. W. Association of polymorphisms in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 with coronary and carotid calcium in the Diabetes Heart Study. Atherosclerosis, 2009, 203 (2), 459-465.
56. Yoo, H. J.; Cho, I. H.; Park, M.; Cho, E.; Cho, S. C.; Kim, B. N.; Kim, J. W.; Kim, S. A. Association between PTGS2 polymorphism and autism spectrum disorders in Korean trios. Neurosci. Res., 2008, 62 (1), 66-69.
57. Cheng, I.; Liu, X.; Plummer, S. J.; Krumroy, L. M.; Casey, G.; Witte, J. S. COX2 genetic variation, NSAIDs, and advanced prostate cancer risk. Br. J. Cancer; 2007, 97 (4), 557-561.
58. Hoeft, B.; Becker, N.; Deeg, E.; Beckmann, L.; Nieters, A. Joint effect between regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, variants in inflammatory genes and risk of lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control, 2008, 19 (2), 163-173.
59. Mendlewicz, J.; Crisafulli, C.; Calati, R.; Kocabas, N. A.; Massat, I.; Linotte, S.; Kasper, S.; Fink, M.; Sidoti, A.; Scantamburlo, G.; Ansseau, M.; Antonijevic, I.; Forray, C.; Snyder, L.; Bollen, J.; Montgomery, S.; Zohar, J.; Souery, D.; Serretti, A. Influence of COX-2 and OXTR polymorphisms on treatment outcome in treatment resistant depression. Neurosci. Lett., 2012, 516 (1), 85- 88.
60. Lopez-Campos, J. L.; Montes-Worboys, A.; Calero, C.; Marquez-Martin, E.; Cejudo, P.; Ortega, F.; Arellano, E. Cyclooxygenase-2 - 765G>C polymorphism is associated with C-reactive protein levels in resistant smokers but not in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol., 2012, 180 (1), 119- 125.
61. Festa-Vasconcellos, J. S.; Piranda, D. N.; Amaral, L. M.; Indio-do-Brasil, V.; Koifman, S.; Vianna-Jorge, R. Polymorphisms in cycloxygenase-2 gene and breast cancer prognosis: association between PTGS2 haplotypes and histopathological features. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 2012, 132 (1), 251-258.
62. Mandal, R. K.; Mittal, R. D. Polymorphisms in COX-2 gene influence prostate cancer susceptibility in a northern Indian cohort. Arch. Med. Res., 2011, 42 (7), 620-626.
63. Zhang, X.; Zhong, R.; Zhang, Z.; Yuan, J.; Liu, L.; Wang, Y.; Kadlubar, S.; Feng, F.; Miao, X. Interaction of cyclooxygenase-2 promoter polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of gastric cancer. Mol. Carcinog., 2011, 50 (11), 876-883.
64. Srivastava, K.; Srivastava, A.; Kumar, A.; Mittal, B. Gallbladder cancer predisposition: a multigenic approach to DNA-repair, apoptotic and inflammatory pathway genes. PLoS One, 2011, 6 (1), e16449.
65. Akkiz, H.; Bayram, S.; Bekar, A.; Akgollu, E.; Ulger, Y. Functional polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase-2 gene and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol. Cell Biochem., 2011, 347 (1-2), 201-208.
66. Andersen, V.; Nimmo, E.; Krarup, H. B.; Drummond, H.; Christensen, J.; Ho, G. T.; Ostergaard, M.; Ernst, A.; Lees, C.; Jacobsen, B. A.; Satsangi, J.; Vogel, U. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2) polymorphisms and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in a Scottish and Danish case-control study. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 2011, 17 (4), 937-946.
67. Iglesias, D.; Nejda, N.; Azcoita, M. M.; Schwartz, S., Jr.; Gonzalez-Aguilera, J. J.; Fernandez-Peralta, A. M. Effect of COX2 -765G>C and c.3618A>G polymorphisms on the risk and survival of sporadic colorectal cancer. Cancer Causes Control, 2009, 20 (8), 1421-1429.
68. Fradet, V.; Cheng, I.; Casey, G.; Witte, J. S. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, cyclooxygenase-2 genetic variation, and aggressive prostate cancer risk. Clin. Cancer Res., 2009, 15 (7), 2559-2566.
69. Chang, E. T.; Birmann, B. M.; Kasperzyk, J. L.; Conti, D. V.; Kraft, P.; Ambinder, R. F.; Zheng, T.; Mueller, N. E. Polymorphic variation in NFKB1 and other aspirin-related genes and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 2009, 18 (3), 976-986.
70. Fernandez, P.; de Beer, P. M.; van der Merwe, L.; Heyns, C. F. COX-2 promoter polymorphisms and the association with prostate cancer risk in South African men. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29 (12), 2347-2350.
71. Lee, C. R.; North, K. E.; Bray, M. S.; Couper, D. J.; Heiss, G.; Zeldin, D. C. Cyclooxygenase polymorphisms and risk of cardiovascular events: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2008, 83 (1), 52-60.
72. Ali, I. U.; Luke, B. T.; Dean, M.; Greenwald, P. Allellic variants in regulatory regions of cyclooxygenase-2: association with advanced colorectal adenoma. Br. J. Cancer; 2005, 93 (8), 953-959.
73. Konheim, Y. L.; Wolford, J. K. Association of a promoter variant in the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 gene (PTGS2) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians. Hum. Genet., 2003, 113 (5), 377-381.
74. Lahteela, K.; Kunnas, T.; Lyytikainen, L. P.; Mononen, N.; Taittonen, L.; Laitinen, T.; Kettunen, J.; Juonala, M.; Hutri-Kahonen, N.; Kahonen, M.; Viikari, J. S.; Raitakari, O. T.; Lehtimaki, T.; Nikkari, S. T. No association of nineteen COX-2 gene variants to preclinical markers of atherosclerosis The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. BMC Med. Genet., 2012, 13, 32.
75. Abecasis, G. R.; Auton, A.; Brooks, L. D.; DePristo, M. A.; Durbin, R. M.; Handsaker, R. E.; Kang, H. M.; Marth, G. T.; McVean, G. A. An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes. Nature, 2012, 491 (7422), 56-65.
76. Kumar, P.; Henikoff, S.; Ng, P. C. Predicting the effects of coding non-synonymous variants on protein function using the SIFT algorithm. Nat. Protoc., 2009, 4 (7), 1073-1081.
77. Adzhubei, I. A.; Schmidt, S.; Peshkin, L.; Ramensky, V. E.; Gerasimova, A.; Bork, P.; Kondrashov, A. S.; Sunyaev, S. R. A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations. Nat. Methods, 2010, 7 (4), 248-249.
78. Ramsay, R. G.; Ciznadija, D.; Vanevski, M.; Mantamadiotis, T. Transcriptional regulation of cyclo-oxygenase expression: three pillars of control. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol., 2003, 16 (2 Suppl), 59-67.
79. Ramsay, R. G.; Barton, A. L.; Gonda, T. J. Targeting c-Myb expression in human disease. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 2003, 7 (2), 235-248.
80. Ramsay, R. G.; Friend, A.; Vizantios, Y.; Freeman, R.; Sicurella, C.; Hammett, F.; Armes, J.; Venter, D. Cyclooxygenase-2, a colorectal cancer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug target, is regulated by c-MYB. Cancer Res., 2000, 60 (7), 1805-1809.
81. Heinemeyer, T.; Wingender, E.; Reuter, I.; Hermjakob, H.; Kel, A. E.; Kel, O. V.; Ignatieva, E. V.; Ananko, E. A.; Podkolodnaya, O. A.; Kolpakov, F. A.; Podkolodny, N. L.; Kolchanov, N. A. Databases on transcriptional regulation: TRANSFAC, TRRD and COMPEL. Nucleic Acids Res., 1998, 26 (1), 362-367.
82. Ladero, J. M.; Agundez, J. A.; Martinez, C.; Amo, G.; Ayuso, P.; Garcia-Martin, E. Analysis of the Functional Polymorphism in the Cytochrome P450 CYP2C8 Gene rs11572080 with Regard to Colorectal Cancer Risk. Front. Genet., 2012, 3, 278.
83. Cornejo-Garcia, J. A.; Jagemann, L. R.; Blanca-Lopez, N.; Dona, I.; Flores, C.; Gueant-Rodriguez, R. M.; Torres, M. J.; Fernandez, J.; Laguna, J. J.; Rosado, A.; Agundez, J. A.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Canto, G.; Gueant, J. L.; Blanca, M. Genetic variants of the arachidonic acid pathway in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory druginduced acute urticaria. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 2012, 42 (12), 1772-1781.
84. Agundez, J. A.; Ayuso, P.; Cornejo-Garcia, J. A.; Blanca, M.; Torres, M. J.; Dona, I.; Salas, M.; Blanca-Lopez, N.; Canto, G.; Rondon, C.; Campo, P.; Laguna, J. J.; Fernandez, J.; Martinez, C.; Garcia-Martin, E. The diamine oxidase gene is associated with hypersensitivity response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PLoS One, 2012, 7 (11), e47571.
85. Sevilla-Mantilla, C.; Ortega, L.; Agundez, J. A.; Fernandez-Gutierrez, B.; Ladero, J. M.; Diaz-Rubio, M. Leflunomide-induced acute hepatitis. Dig. Liver Dis., 2004, 36 (1), 82-84.
86. Martinez, C.; Blanco, G.; Ladero, J. M.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Taxonera, C.; Gamito, F. G.; Diaz-Rubio, M.; Agundez, J. A. Genetic predisposition to acute gastrointestinal bleeding after NSAIDs use. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2004, 141 (2), 205-208.
87. Garcia-Martin, E.; Martinez, C.; Ladero, J. M.; Gamito, F. J.; Rodriguez-Lescure, A.; Agundez, J. A. Influence of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 genotypes in lung cancer risk. Cancer Lett., 2002, 180 (1), 41-46.
88. Martinez, C.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Ladero, J. M.; Sastre, J.; Garcia-Gamito, F.; Diaz-Rubio, M.; Agundez, J. A. Association of CYP2C9 genotypes leading to high enzyme activity and colorectal cancer risk. Carcinogenesis, 2001, 22 (8), 1323-1326.
89. Dona, I.; Blanca-Lopez, N.; Cornejo-Garcia, J. A.; Torres, M. J.; Laguna, J. J.; Fernandez, J.; Rosado, A.; Rondon, C.; Campo, P.; Agundez, J. A.; Blanca, M.; Canto, G. Characteristics of subjects experiencing hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: patterns of response. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 2011, 41 (1), 86-95.
90. Andrade, R. J.; Agundez, J. A.; Lucena, M. I.; Martinez, C.; Cueto, R.; Garcia-Martin, E. Pharmacogenomics in drug induced liver injury. Curr. Drug Metab., 2009, 10 (9), 956-970.
91. Agundez, J. A.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Martinez, C. Genetically based impairment in CYP2C8- and CYP2C9-dependent NSAID metabolism as a risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding: is a combination of pharmacogenomics and metabolomics required to improve personalized medicine? Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 2009, 5 (6), 607-620.
92. Lucena, M. I.; Andrade, R. J.; Martinez, C.; Ulzurrun, E.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Borraz, Y.; Fernandez, M. C.; Romero-Gomez, M.; Castiella, A.; Planas, R.; Costa, J.; Anzola, S.; Agundez, J. A. Glutathione S-transferase m1 and t1 null genotypes increase susceptibility to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology, 2008, 48 (2), 588-596.
93. Blanco, G.; Martinez, C.; Ladero, J. M.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Taxonera, C.; Gamito, F. G.; Diaz-Rubio, M.; Agundez, J. A. Interaction of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genotypes modifies the risk for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-related acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Pharmacogenet. Genomics, 2008, 18 (1), 37-43.
94. Agundez, J. A.; Martinez, C.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Ladero, J. M. Cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 polymorphism and NSAID-related acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterology, 2007, 133 (6), 2071-2072; author reply 2072-2073.
95. Martinez, C.; Blanco, G.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Agundez, J. A. [Clinical pharmacogenomics for CYP2C8 and CYP2C9: general concepts and application to the use of NSAIDs]. Farm. Hosp., 2006, 30 (4), 240-248.
96. Garcia-Martin, E.; Martinez, C.; Ladero, J. M.; Agundez, J. A. Interethnic and intraethnic variability of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms in healthy individuals. Mol. Diagn. Ther., 2006, 10 (1), 29-40.
97. Martinez, C.; Garcia-Martin, E.; Blanco, G.; Gamito, F. J.; Ladero, J. M.; Agundez, J. A. The effect of the cytochrome P450 CYP2C8 polymorphism on the disposition of (R)-ibuprofen enantiomer in healthy subjects. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2005, 59 (1), 62-69.
98. Garcia-Martin, E.; Martinez, C.; Tabares, B.; Frias, J.; Agundez, J. A. Interindividual variability in ibuprofen pharmacokinetics is related to interaction of cytochrome P450 2C8 and 2C9 amino acid polymorphisms. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2004, 76 (2), 119-127.
99. Agundez, J. A. Cytochrome P450 gene polymorphism and cancer. Curr. Drug Metab., 2004, 5 (3), 211-224.