First report on the antibody verification of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and HLA-DP epitopes recorded in the HLA Epitope Registry

Human Immunology

Volumn 75, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 1097-1103

  Duquesnoy, Rene J ^a   Marrari, Marilyn ^a   Tambur, Anat R ^b   Mulder, Arend ^c   da Mata Sousa, Luiz Cláudio Demes ^d   da Silva, Adalberto Socorro ^d   do Monte, Semiramis J H ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PIAUÍ   (Brazil)

Author keywords

HLA epitopes; HLA DP epitopes; HLA DQ epitopes; HLA DRB epitopes

Indexed keywords

ALLOANTIBODY; HLA DP ANTIGEN; HLA DPB1 ANTIGEN; HLA DQ ANTIGEN; HLA DQB1 ANTIGEN; HLA DR ANTIGEN; HLA DRB1 ANTIGEN; HLA DRB3 ANTIGEN; HLA DRB4 ANTIGEN; HLA DRB5 ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; EPITOPE;

ALLELE; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; ARTICLE; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TEST; HLA SYSTEM; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; REGISTER; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DIAGNOSTIC USE; EUROPE; IMMUNOLOGY; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MOUSE; WESTERN HEMISPHERE;

AMERICAS; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; EPITOPES; EUROPE; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING; HLA-DP ANTIGENS; HLA-DQ ANTIGENS; HLA-DR ANTIGENS; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; ISOANTIBODIES; MICE; REGISTRIES;

EID: 84900402439     PISSN: 01988859     EISSN: 18791166     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.012     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Duquesnoy R.J., Marrari M., da M.Sousa L.C.D., de M.Barroso J.R.P., de SE Aita K.M., da Silva A.S., do Monte S.J.H. 16th IHIW: a website for the antibody-defined HLA epitope Registry. Int J Immunogenet 2013, 40:54-59.
2. Radka S.F. Monoclonal antibodies to human major histocompatibility complex class II antigens. CRC Crit Rev Immunol 1987, 8:23-48.
3. Marsh S.G., Bodmer J.G. HLA-DR and -DQ epitopes and monoclonal antibody specificity. Immunol Today 1989, 10:305-312.
4. Barbetti A.A., Park M.S., Terasaki P.I., Aoki J., Geer L.I., Clark B.D., et al. HLA class II epitope detection by serology. Clin Transpl 1990, 533-565.
5. Duquesnoy R.J., Marrari M., Mulder A., da M.Sousa L.C.D., Da Silva A.S., do Monte S.J.H. First report on the antibody verification of HLA-ABC epitopes recorded in the HLA Epitope Registry. Tissue Antigens 2014, 83(391-400):2014.
6. Duquesnoy R.J., Marrari M., Mostecki J., da Mata Sousa L.C.D., do Monte S.J.H. First report on the antibody verification of MICA epitopes recorded in the HLA epitope registry. Int J Immunogenet 2014, 41:370-377.
7. Duquesnoy R.J., Askar M. HLAMatchmaker: a molecularly based algorithm for histocompatibility determination. V. Eplet matching for HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and HLA-DP. Hum Immunol 2007, 68:12-25.
8. Knowles R.W., Flomenberg N., Horibe K., Winchester R., Radka S.F., Dupont B., et al. Complexity of the supertypic HLA-DRw53 specificity: two distinct epitopes differentially expressed on one or all of the DR beta-chains depending on the HLA-DR allotype. J Immunol 1986, 137:2618-2626.
9. Knowles R.W. Structural polymorphism of the HLA class II alpha and beta chains: summary of the 10th workshop 2-D gel analysis. Immunobiology of HLA 1989, Springer-Verlag, New York. B. Dupont (Ed.).
10. Lardy N., van der Horst A., Van den Berg Loonen E., Bontrop R., de Waal L. Fine specificity of the alloantiserum MSD-51: epitope mapping of HLA-DR53 determinants. Hum Immunol 1991, 32:65-71.
11. Fu X.T., Yu W.Y., Alber C., Benson C., Watts R., Nordwig H., et al. Identification of residues involved in polymorphic antibody binding epitopes on HLA-DR molecules. Hum Immunol 1992, 33:47-56.
12. Cai J., Kohanof S., Terasaki P. HLA-DR antibody epitopes. Clinical transplants 2006 2006, 103-114. Tearasaki Foundation Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA. P.I. MaT Checka (Ed.).
13. Cai J., Terasaki P.I., Mao Q., Pham T., El-Awar N., Lee J.H., et al. Development of nondonor-specific HLA-DR antibodies in allograft recipients is associated with shared epitopes with mismatched donor DR antigens. Am J Transplant 2006, 6:2947-2954.
14. Fu X.-T., Karr R.W. HLA-DRa chain residues located on the outer loops are involved in nonpolymorphic and polymorphic antibody-binding epitopes. Hum Immunol 1994, 39:253-260.
15. Heyes J.M., Inoko H., Trowsdale J., Sadler A., Marsh S.G., Bodmer J. Fine mapping of eleventh international histocompatibility workshop HLA class II monoclonal antibodies using transfectants. HLA 1991 - Proceedings of the eleventh international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1992, 400-404. Oxford University Press, Oxford. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki (Eds.).
16. Navarrete C., Brown C., De Lange P., Schreuder G.M.T. 12th international histocompatibility workshop HLA class II monoclonal antibodies study. HLA genetic diversity of HLA. Functional and medical implication 1997, vol. 1:11-17. EDK, Paris, France. D. Charron (Ed.).
17. Mazzoleni O., Pistillo M.P., Falco M., Tazzari P.L., Ferrara G.B. Characterization of two human monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-A30 and HLA-A3+A31, respectively. Tissue Antigens 1991, 38:224-227.
18. Nelson K., Bodmer J., Martin A., Navarrete C., Strong D.M. Micro EIA and monoclonal antibodies. Immunobiology of HLA 1989, 292-301. Springer-Verlag, New York. B. Dupont (Ed.).
19. Kennedy L.J., Marsh S.G.E., Bodmer J. Cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies. Immunobiology of HLA 1989, 301-305. Springer-Verlag, New York. B. Dupont (Ed.).
20. Fu X.-T., Drover S., Marshall W.H., Karr R.W. HLA-DR residues accessible under the peptide-binding groove contribute to polymorphic antibody epitopes. Hum Immunol 1995, 43:243-250.
21. Ogasawara K., Kasahara M., Nakayama T., Ishikawa N., Kunikane H., Hawkin S., et al. A monoclonal antibody recognizing a polymorphic determinant on HLA-DR antigens except DR7 and DRw9. Tissue Antigens 1985, 26:344-347.
22. Inoko H., Bodmer J.G., Heyes J.M., Drover S., Trowsdale J., Marshall W.H. Joint report on the transfectant/monoclonal antibody component. HLA 1991 Proceedings of the eleventh international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1991, 919-930. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki (Eds.).
23. Marrari M, Mulder A, Duquesnoy RJ. 2013. Unpublished reactivity patterns of HLA epitope specific antibodies. HLA Epitope Registry http://www.epregistry.ufpi.br.
24. Bunce M., Sutton P.M., Ting A., Morris P.J. The production of a human monoclonal antibody defining a split of HLA-DRw13 (DRw13b). Tissue Antigens 1990, 36:100-102.
25. Marsh S.G., Moses J.H., Bodmer J.G. HLA class II sequence polymorphism detectable by serology. HLA 1991 Proceedings 11th international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1991, 610-619. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki (Eds.).
26. Ge J., Bratlie A., Hannestad K. A human hybridoma antibody (TrJ11) recognizing a new HLA-DR epitope shared by DR4, DR8, DR11, and DRB1*1303. Hum Immunol 1995, 42:27-36.
27. Kosinski S., Hammerling U., Yang S.Y. A human monoclonal antibody to an HLA-DRw53 (MT3)-like epitope on class II antigens. Tissue Antigens 1986, 28:150-162.
28. Fuggle S.V., Carter C., Morris P.J. Monoclonal antibody definition of the DRB3 allele, HLA-Dw25. Tissue Antigens 1989, 34:149-157.
29. Berte C.C., Gorski J., Reith W., Mach B. Epitope mapping of HLA-DR antigens with the use of DNA-transfected cells. Immunobiology of HLA 1989, 245-247. Springer-Verlag, New York. B. Dupont (Ed.).
30. Pistillo M.P., Mazzoleni O., Kun L., Falco M., Tazzari P.L., Ferrara G.B. Production of two human hybridomas secreting antibodies to HLA-DRw11 and -DRw8+w12 specificities. Hum Immunol 1991, 31:86-93.
31. Klohe E., Pistillo M.P., Ferrara G.B., Goeken N.E., Greazel N.S., Karr R.W. Critical role of HLA-DR beta 1 residue 58 in multiple polymorphic epitopes recognized by xenogeneic and allogeneic antibodies. Hum Immunol 1992, 35:18-28.
32. Bodmer J., Bodmer W., Heyes J., So A., Tonks S., Trowsdale J., et al. Identification of HLA-DP polymorphism with DP alpha and DP beta probes and monoclonal antibodies: correlation with primed lymphocyte typing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987, 84:4596-4600.
33. Yu W.Y., Watts R., Karr R.W. Identification of amino acids in HLA-DPw4b and -DR5b1 chains that are involved in antibody binding epitopes using site-directed mutagenesis and DNA-mediated gene transfer. Hum Immunol 1990, 27:122-135.
34. Diaz G., Amicosante M., Jaraquemada D., Butler R.H., Gullen M.V., Sanchez M., et al. Functional analysis of HLA-DP polymorphism: a crucial role for DPB residues 9, 11, 35, 55, 56, 69 and 84-87 in T cell allorecognition and peptide binding. Int Immunol 2003, 15:565-576.
35. Drover S., Karr R.W., Fu X.T., Marshall W.H. Analysis of monoclonal antibodies specific for unique and shared determinants on HLA-DR4 molecules. Hum Immunol 1994, 40:51-60.
36. Drover S., Marshall W., Karr R.W. Contribution of residues 70 and 73 of HLA-DRb1 chains to the binding of monoclonal antibody NFLD.D10. HLA 1991 Proceedings of the eleventh international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1991, 408-410. Oxford University Press, UK. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki (Eds.).
37. Cayrol C., Moro F., Sommer E., Tkaczuk J., Ohayon E., Cambon-Thomsen A. New polymorphic HLA-DR epitopes recognized by three monoclonal antibodies produced against DR103 transfected L cells. Tissue Antigens 1992, 40:197-203.
38. Klohe E., Fu X.T., Ballas M., Karr R.W. HLA-DR beta chain residues that are predicted to be located in the floor of the peptide-binding groove contribute to antibody-binding epitopes. Hum Immunol 1993, 37:51-58.
39. Ballas M., Eiermann T.H., Wolpl A., Goldmann S.F. Mapping of an HLA-DRw52-associated determinant on DR beta 1 molecules. Tissue Antigens 1990, 36:187-193.
40. Madrigal J.A., Ikeda H., Marsh S.G., Heyes J.M., Kennedy L.J., Trowsdale J., Bodmer J.G. Epitope mapping of an HLA-DR-specific monoclonal antibody produced by using human-mouse transfectant cells. J Immunol 1989, 143:4084-4089.
41. Maurer D., Madrigal J.A., Gorski J. Thr77 controls a public antibody epitope on DRB1. HLA 1991 - Proceedings of the eleventh international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1992, 404-406. Oxford University Press, Oxford. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki (Eds.).
42. Loh M.T., Chan S.H., Ren E.C. A monoclonal antibody with specificity to the HLA-DR1 and -DR51 antigens. Tissue Antigens 1993, 42:100-104.
43. Marrari M., Duquesnoy R. Why can sensitization by a HLA-DR2 mismatch lead to antibodies that react also with HLA-DR1?. Hum Immunol 2009, 70:403-409.
44. Madrigal J.A., Belich M.P., Benjamin R.J., Little A.M., Hildebrand W.H., Mann D.L., et al. Molecular definition of a polymorphic antigen (LA45) of free HLA-A and -B heavy chains found on the surfaces of activated B and T cells. J Exp Med 1991, 174:1085-1095.
45. Kolstad A., Hansen T., Hannestad K. A cytotoxic human-human hybridoma antibody (TrH6) specific for HLA-DRw52. Tissue Antigens 1988, 31:90-97.
46. Taylor CJ, Ugozolli L, Tanigaki N, Tosi G, Bunce M, Ting A, Ferrara GB. Antigen society #29 report (DRw52). In: Dupont B, editor. Immunobiology of HLA. Volume I: Histocompatibility testing, 1987. p. 273-5.
47. Van den Berg Loonen E., Bignon J.D., Du Toit E. AHS#11: DR2 (DR15, DR16), DR15. HLA proc. twelfth international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1997, 91-95. EDK Medical and Scientific International publisher, Sevres, France. D. Charron (Ed.).
48. Bodmer JG, Pickbourne P, Richards S. Histocompatibility testing, 1977.
49. Fuggle S.V., Carter C., Watts F., Kirkley J., Morris P.J. Monoclonal antibody definition of multiple polymorphic epitopes on HLA-DRw52. Hum Immunol 1987, 19:255-263.
50. Maurer D., Gorski J. Transfer of polymorphic monoclonal antibody epitopes to the first and second domains of HLA-DR beta-chains by site-directed mutagenesis. J Immunol 1991, 146:621-626.
51. Schreuder G.M., Maeda H., Koning F., D'Amaro J. TA10 and 2B3, two new alleles in the HLA-DQ region recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Hum Immunol 1986, 16:127-136.
52. Kenter M.J.H., Anholts J.D.H., Schreuder G.M.T., Van Eggermond M.C.J.A., Ghyselen G.M., Van Rood J.J., et al. Unambiguous typing for HLA-DQ TA10 and 2B3 specificities using specific oligonucleotide probes. Hum Immunol 1989, 24:65-73.
53. Maeda H., Hirata R., Kambayashi H., Koning F., Schreuder G.M. Multiple epitopes on a single DQ molecule from the DQw3-carrying haplotypes. Tissue Antigens 1986, 28:136-145.
54. Radka S.F., Nelson K.A., Johnston J.V. HLA-DQw3-related determinants: analysis of subunit and spatial relationships. Hum Immunol 1989, 25:225-236.
55. Deng C.T., Cai J., Tarsitani C., El-Awar N., Lachmann N., Ozawa M. HLA class II DQ epitopes. Clin Transplant 2006, 2006:115-122.
56. El-Awar N., Nguyen A., Almeshari K., Alawami M., Alzayer F., Alharbi M., et al. HLA class II DQA and DQB epitopes: recognition of the likely binding sites of HLA-DQ alloantibodies eluted from recombinant HLA-DQ single antigen cell lines. Hum Immunol 2013, 74:1141-1152.
57. Ge J., Bartnes K., Hannestad K. A human monoclonal hybridoma antibody (TrJ1) specific for HLA-DQ2. Tissue Antigens 1993, 41:81-85.
58. Viken H.D., Paulsen G., Sollid L.M., Lundin K.E., Tjonnfjord G.E., Thorsby E., et al. Characterization of an HLA-DQ2-specific monoclonal antibody. Influence of amino acid substitutions in DQ beta 1*0202. Hum Immunol 1995, 42:319-327.
59. Viken H.D., Paulsen G., Drover S., Marshall W.H., Sollid L.M., Gaudernack G., et al. Influence on antibody recognition of amino acid substitutions in the cleft of HLA-DQ2 molecules. Suggestive evidence of peptide-dependent epitopes. Hum Immunol 1995, 44:63-69.
60. Nordwig H., Kwok W.W., Johnson J.P. Identification of the amino acid residues contributing to monoclonal antibody-defined DQw1 epitopes. Hum Immunol 1991, 31:81-85.
61. Viken H.D., Thorsby E., Gaudernack G. Characterization and epitope mapping of four HLA class II reactive mouse monoclonal antibodies using transfected L cells and human cells transfected with mutants of DQB1*0302. Tissue Antigens 1995, 45:250-257.
62. Petersen J.S., Dyrberg T. Production of epitope specific monoclonal IgG antibodies to HLA class II molecules by combining in vivo and in vitro immunization. J Immunol Methods 1992, 151:15-26.
63. Deng C.T., El-Awar N., Ozawa M., Cai J., Lachmann N., Terasaki P.I., et al. Human leukocyte antigen class II DQ alpha and beta epitopes identified from sera of kidney allograft recipients. Transplantation 2008, 86:452-459.
64. Marrari M., Duquesnoy R. Correlations between Terasaki's HLA class II epitopes and HLAMatchmaker-defined eplets on HLA-DR, -DQ and -DP antigens. Tissue Antigens 2009, 74:134-146.
65. Duquesnoy R.J., Awadalla Y., Lomago J., Jelinek L., Howe J., Zern D., et al. Retransplant candidates have donor-specific antibodies that react with structurally defined HLA-DR, DQ, DP epitopes. Transpl Immunol 2008, 18:352-360.
66. Koning F., Raghoebar J., Schreuder G.M.T., Schurman R., Bruning H. A monoclonal antibody detecting a DQw1-related determinant. Tissue Antigens 1985, 26:100-106.
67. Dessi V., Sanchez B., Garzon M., Magarino R., Maldonado M.D., Nunez-Roldan A. Characterization of three human monoclonal antibodies specific for polymorphic class I and class II HLA antigens. Hum Immunol 1990, 27:323-332.
68. Kolstad A., Johansen B., Hannestad K. Two HLA-DQ-specific human-human hybridoma antibodies (TrG6; TrC5) define epitopes also expressed by a transcomplementing hybrid DQ molecule (DQw7 alpha/DQw4 beta). Hum Immunol 1989, 24:15-29.
69. Viken H.D., Thoresen A.B., Thorsby E., Hansen T. The cytotoxic HLA-DQ3 reactive human hybridoma antibody 4166 that may distinguish DQ7+8 from DQ9. Hum Immunol 1995, 42:281-288.
70. Ge J., Hannestad K. A cytotoxic human hybridoma monoclonal antibody (TrJ6) defining an epitope expressed by HLA-DQ4 and -DQ5. Hum Immunol 1994, 39:106-112.
71. Vitale M., Pistillo M.P., Tazzari P.L., Falco M., Sun P.F., Mantero S., et al. Production and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-DQ polymorphisms obtained by immunizing mice with transfected L cells. Hum Immunol 1992, 34:126-134.
72. Tambur A., Leventhal J.R., Friedewald J., Ramon D. The complexity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ antibodies and its effect on virtual crossmatching. Transplantation 2010, 90:1117-1124.
73. Heyes J., Austin P., Bodmer J., Bodmer W., Madrigal A., Mazzilli M.C., et al. Monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DP-transfected mouse L cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986, 83:3417-3421.
74. Young J.A., Lindsay J., Bodmer J.G., Trowsdale J. Epitope recognition by a DP alpha chain-specific monoclonal antibody (DP11.1) is influenced by the interaction between the DP alpha chain and its polymorphic DP beta chain partner. Hum Immunol 1988, 23:37-44.
75. El-Awar N., Terasaki M., Cai J., Deng C.T., Ozawa M., Lias M., et al. Epitopes of HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ, DP and MICA antigens. Clin Transpl 2009, 2009:295-321.
76. Marshall W.H., Drover S., Mervart H., Younghusband H.B., Liu H. Production of a series of monoclonal antibodies to polymorphisms of HLA-DP. HLA 1991 Proceedings of the eleventh international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1991, 415-417. UK Oxford University Press, Oxford. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki (Eds.).
77. Marshall W.H., Drover S., Codner D., Gamberg J., Copp M.D., Liu H.W., et al. HLA-DP epitope typing using monoclonal antibodies. Hum Immunol 1998, 59:189-197.
78. Youngs D. DP alloantibodies. ASHI quarterly 2004, 60-62.
79. Billen E.V.A., Christiaans M.H.L., Doxiadis I.I.N., Voorter C.E.M., van den Berg-Loonen E.M. HLA-DP antibodies before and after renal transplantation. Tissue Antigens 2010, 75:278-285.
80. Cano P., Fernandez-Vina M. Two sequence dimorphisms of DPB1 define the immunodominant serologic epitopes of HLA-DP. Hum Immunol 2009, 70:836-843.
81. Mazzoleni O., Longo A., Angelini G., Colonna M., Tanigaki N., Delfino L., et al. Human monoclonal antibody MP8 detects a supertypic determinant encoded by DPB alleles DPb2.1, DPb3, DPb4.2, DPb8, DPb9, DPb10, and DPb14. Immunogenetics 1989, 30:502-505.
82. Pistillo M.P., Karr R.W., Klohe E., Mazzoleni O., Ferrara G.B. Use of transfectants to identify polymorphic epitopes recognized by human monoclonal antibodies. HLA 1991 Proceedings of the eleventh international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1991, 413-415. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki (Eds.).
83. Vaidya S., Hilson B., Sheldon S., Cano P., Fernandez-Vina M. DP reactive antibody in a zero mismatch renal transplant pair. Hum Immunol 2007, 68:947-949.
84. Tongio M.M., Van der Berg Loonen E., Bignon J.D., Chandanayingyong D., Dormoy A., Eiermann T., et al. HLA-DP detected by serology. Genetic diversity of HLA functional and medical implication: proceedings of the twelfth international histocompatibility workshop and conference 1997, 135-138. EDK, Paris, France. D. Charron (Ed.).
85. Deng C.-T., Cai J., Ozawa M., El-Awar N. HLA class II DP epitopes. Clin Transpl 2007, 195-202.
86. Kolstad A., Hannestad K. A supertypic HLA-DP specificity defined by two human-human hybridoma antibodies (TrB50; TrE11). Hum Immunol 1989, 25:247-256.
87. Viken H.D., Gaudernack G., Thorsby E. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a polymorphic epitope mainly on HLA-DPw2 and DPw4 molecules. Tissue Antigens 1989, 34:250-259.
88. Kabat E.A. The structural basis of antibody complementarity. Adv Protein Chem 1978, 32:1-75.
89. Chothia C., Lesk A., Tramontano A., Smith-Gill S., Air G., Sheriff S., et al. Conformation of immunoglobulin hypervariable regions. Nature 1989, 342:877-883.
90. Davies D., Padlan E., Sheriff S. Antibody-antigen complexes. Annu Rev Biochem 1990, 59:439-473.
91. MacCallum R.M., Martin A.C.R., Thornton J.M. Antibody-antigen interactions: contact analysis and binding site topography. J Mol Biol 1996, 262:732-745.
92. Duquesnoy R.J. A structurally based approach to determine HLA compatibility at the humoral immune level. Hum Immunol 2006, 67:847-862.
93. McCutcheon J.A., Smith K.D., Valenzuela A., Aalbers K., Lutz C.T. HLA-B*0702 antibody epitopes are affected indirectly by distant antigen residues. Hum Immunol 1993, 36:69-75.
94. Duquesnoy R.J., Mulder A., Askar M., Fernandez-Vina M., Claas F.H.J. HLAMatchmaker-based analysis of human monoclonal antibody reactivity demonstrates the importance of an additional contact site for specific recognition of triplet-defined epitopes. Hum Immunol 2005, 66:749-761.
95. Marrari M., Mostecki J., Mulder A., Balazs I., Claas F., Duquesnoy R. Human monoclonal antibody reactivity with HLA class I epitopes defined by pairs of mismatched eplets and self eplets. Transplantation 2010, 90:1468-1472.
96. Kwok W.W., Thurtle P., Nepom G.T. A genetically controlled pairing anomaly between HLA-DQ alpha and HLA-DQ beta chains. J Immunol 1989, 143:3598-3601.
97. Barabanova Y., Ramon D., Tambur A.R. Antibodies against HLA-DQ alpha-chain and their role in organ transplantation. Hum Immunol 2009, 70:410-418.
98. Tambur A., Rosati J., Roitberg R., Glotz D., Friedewald J.J., Leventhal J.R. Epitope analysis of HLA-DQ antigens: what does the antibody see?. Transplantation 2014, 98:157-166.
99. Kishi H., Okumura A., Tong J.-J., Sugiyama E., Matsuno H., Minowada J., et al. A murine monoclonal antibody (928) recognizing a new epitope formed with a combination of HLA-DPA1*0201 and DPB1*0301 gene products. Hum Immunol 1997, 56:114-124.